人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit4 Natural disasters 写作素养练（含答案）

Unit 4 写作素养练
I. 作文句式运用
1.好像他什么都知道似的。（It seems as if…）
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2.他们每到一处，都受到热烈的欢迎。（everywhere引导状语从句）
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3.这个问题容易回答。（主+系+表+动词不定式）
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4并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。（部分否定句）
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5.一个不怎么好的老师总是让学生在理解一些简单问题上变得困难。（make it difficult for sb to do）
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6.这辆车正在被修理。（am/is/are+ being done...）
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7.他就是想见你的人吗？（who引导的定语从句）
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8.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom引导的定语从句）
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9.那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（whose引导的定语从句）
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10.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。（which引导的定语从句）
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II. 应用文写作
A
假设你是校英语报的记者，请你根据以下信息，写一篇新闻报道：昨日夜间本市遭遇特大暴雨袭击，导致西村附近发生泥石流灾害，造成一人死亡，五人失踪；灾情发生后，一些村民同官兵一起积极参与搜救；此次灾害造成直接经济损失约一千多万元。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
参考词汇：
泥石流 mudslide
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B
假定你是李华，是校报小记者。请你为校报写一篇英语短文，介绍最近在我国很多城市发生的雾霾天气。
请参考以下要点：
1.危害：阻碍交通，危害健康；
2.原因：空气污染；
3.如何自我防护：雾霾天气早晚少开窗户；多吃水果补充维生素。
注意：
1.词数120左右；
2.适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：
雾霾haze；维生素 vitamin
Recently haze pollution has happened in many cities of China. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C
阅读下面两则新闻报道，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
News item 1: Rescuers in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province on continued searching on Sunday for six workers who went missing when water burst suddenly from a barrier lake formed during the 6.5-magnitude earthquake on Aug.3. The workers were digging tunnels to discharge（排出）lake water on Friday afternoon when the water suddenly broke through and flooded the construction site. The flooding also left another four workers injured, the press office of Zhaotong said on its official micro blog.
News item 2: One person died and 324 others were injured after a 6. 6-magnitude quake jolted southwest Chinas Yunnan Province on Tuesday night, according to the local government. The deaths were reported mainly from Jinggu County, where the epicenter(震中) was monitored. A total of 92, 700 people in Jinggu were affected and 56, 880 of them have been relocated, said an official of the county’s publicity department. After the earthquake, Yunnan has initiated the highest emergency response, sending rescue staff and materials to the affected areas.
写作内容：
1.用约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2.用约120个词谈谈你对自然灾害的看法，内容包括：
（1）地震可能给人们带来哪些危害（如身体和精神的伤害等）；
（2）自然灾害发生时人们应该怎么做；
（3）你自己的想法。
写作要求：
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
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Ⅲ. 读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Once a man, called George, decided to build a house of cards in his garden. Being a beginner, he started off. With just a few cards, he found a nice flat surface and began to form his structure. It was difficult at first, but later, he mastered it and stood proudly beside his creation. He went inside to tell his wife, but while he was fetching her, wind arose and it blew down his house of cards before he could show it to her.
A tide of anger arose in the man. There was much cursing and gnashing of teeth. But after a while the anger turned into more determination. He decided to start again. But this time he would need to prevent the wind blowing down his house of cards.
“I know!” he thought to himself. “I will build a house of cards around the house of cards. That way it will be protected against the wind.
And so he began again. This time it was a much bigger job, but as he continued to practice, he got more and more expert in creating the structures. Eventually he finished. He took pride in himself once more as he went to fetch his wife from inside the house. But unluckily，once more wind arose. First it blew down the protective house of cards, and then it blew down the inner house of cards, until none was left standing.
“I cannot believe it!” he shouted at the sky. “Why are you doing this to me ”He stamped his feet, kicked a tree trunk, then sat down at the base of the tree and began to think. “I know!” came the little internal voice once more. “I will build a house of cards around my house of cards around my house of cards. That way the wind won’t be able to reach my house of cards.”
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
For months the man carried on and many times he cursed and scolded the wind, which he had come to thoroughly hate.
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Paragraph 2:
Then to his astonishment, the man felt a light wind which he had never felt before. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ. 概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A
There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours—you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back to a task when you’re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower is by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people’s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that’s limited, you’re more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task.” said Prof. Veronika Job. “But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on.”
The researchers designed our experiments to test students’ beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation（诱惑）.
According to Mr. Job, the theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting, but it has had unintended consequences. Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.
The findings could help people who are battling temptation，Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
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B
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Uploading countless selfsame（自拍照）, writing personal status updates, and checking your messages every other minute seem like just a part of modern daily life, right These are the markers of the relationship we all have with social media now, which started out just as a way to communicate with one another.
According to a recent study by experts at the University of Georgia, there may be more to it than that. The findings suggested some unmistakable correlations（明显的相关性）between social media use and what’s known “as grandiose narcissism（浮夸的自恋）”.
So, when does social media use become a problem The University of Georgia carried out the research according to the following questions: How long do people spend on social media How often do they tweet or update status How many friends or followers do they have How many selfies do they tend to post If you do all the above things, it likely sends signals about your personality.
All of these online actions have one thing in common: They are all ways in which we try to promote ourselves online. Therefore, it’s how you use the platform that counts.
Then, exactly how much time spent online is too much The researchers didn’t measure. However, another study from Baylor University listed SALIENCE（social platforms becoming necessary in your daily life）and EUPHORIA（the feeling of excitement when you use them）among other things as signs of addiction. That is to say, if you are constantly engaged with social media on a daily basis, it could be a sign that you have a negative relationship with it.
Therefore，it’s how you use the platform that matters. Social media itself means no harm. Instead, more benefits can be got if you use it carefully and wisely.
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参考答案
I. 1.It seems as if he knew everything.
2.Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed.
3.The question is easy to answer.
4.Not all bamboo grows tall.
5.A bad teacher always makes it difficult for students to understand some simple questions.
6.The car is being mended.
7.Is he the man who wants to see you
8.He is the man whom I saw yesterday.
9.Everyone rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
10.He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
II. A One possible version：
A very terrible rainstorm hit our city last night and caused huge mudslides around West Village. In this disaster, nearly ten houses were destroyed and an office building was ruined. What’s worse, it has already caused one death, leaving five persons missing.
When trouble happens at a place, help comes from all sides. Soldiers were sent to help out. And a lot of villagers tried their best to help search for the missing persons. It is said that the direct economic loss caused by this heavy rainstorm is more than ten million yuan. Through everyone’s efforts, everything went on very well.
B One possible version:
Recently haze pollution has happened in, many cities of China. It’s one of the most dangerous weather conditions. Many accidents have occurred due to low visibility caused by haze. What’s worse, it also affects our health. If breathing in haze, people may feel un comfortable and get ill.
The reason for haze is air pollution. It results from waste gases released from cars, factories or construction sties. In view of the above, we need to protect ourselves from haze pollution. First of all, in case of haze pollution we shouldn’t open the windows or take exercise before the sun rises and after sunset, Besides, we’d better wear masks when we go outside. What’s more, we should eat more fruit, from which we can get enough vitamins to build up the resistance to disease.
C One possible version:
The two pieces of news above tell us something about the harm that two earthquakes which broke out in China did to people’s lives and safety.
It is well known that natural disasters do great harm to people’s body and heart. Some people have suffered a great loss to their belongings, some have become disabled, and some have even lost their lives, In fact, much has been told about what to do in the face of disasters. For example, if you were caught in an earthquake, you should find a small room to hide yourself and you shouldn’t shout loudly but should stay calm to wait for rescue. When caught in a flood, you should find a tall tree or walk onto a higher floor.
We should learn more knowledge about natural disasters and how to keep safe when facing a disaster. Besides, we should try our best to protect the environment so as to prevent or reduce disasters.
III. One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
For months the man carried on and many times he cursed and scolded the windy which he had come to thoroughly hate. But always the anger turned into more determination. “I will not be defeated!” he shouted at the sky. “Why are you playing tricks on me like this What have I ever done to you ” Despite dissatisfaction inside him, he carried on. More months passed and tiredness began to arise. Finally, as he watched another failure, he became frustrated onto the ground and began to cry, cursing.
Paragraph 2:
Then to his astonishment，the man felt a light wind which he had never felt before. The wind waved his hair and touched his skin. He looked up and saw the branches of the tree gently swinging to and fro. A leaf floated gently down in front of him. A broad smile took on his face, and then he heard a sweet familiar voice behind him. “Ah, George!” said his wife. “Finally you are back with us!” She sat down beside him. As she gently held his hand，tears of joy ran down George’s cheeks（146 words）
IV. A One possible version:
Based on a recent report, having a rest to refresh yourself is not so essential as expected. （要点1）Will power, assumed limited by some scientists, is to be regained only by rest, food, as well as entertainment.（要点2）However, this theory has been challenged.（要点3）Researchers conducted experiments, discovering that if you believe that willpower is limitless, you will be more powerful, which will help to resist temptation.（要点4）（63 words）
B One possible version A:
高分范文：
The passage is mainly about social media, which can be a useful tool in our daily life.（要点1）But originally, the purpose of social media is to exchange information.（要点2）Since then, social media has been widely used in all aspects.（要点3）According to a recent study of the University of Georgia, social media has already become a platform at present, and practically there are no limits to self-expression by social t media.（要点4）However, whether a person has social media addiction is quite measurable.（要点5）（82 words）
One possible version B:
标准范文:
From the passage, we can know that the author thinks that social media can be a useful tool in our life（要点1）As we also know, the original purpose of social media is to exchange information.（要点2）At present, we make full use of it.（要点3）According to the research of the University of Georgia, social media has become a stage to show oneself.（要点4）However, from the last but one paragraph, we know whether one has social media addiction can be measured.（要点5）（77 words）
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