人教版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit4 Natural disasters Reading for Writing and Building Up Your Vocabulary能力提升练（含解析
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Unit4 Reading for Writing and Building Up Your Vocabulary
能力提升练
一、阅读理解
（2018湖北孝感八校联考高一上学期期中）
On February 3, 1931, the peace of New Zealand's Hawke's Bay region was destroyed when the area was hit by the worst earthquake in New Zealand's history. At 10：46 am on that summer's day, the quake hit with a magnitude of 7. 9 on the Richter scale（里氏震级）. The center of the quake lied some 15 to 20 kilometers north of the two main centers, Napier and Hastings. The quake lasted for two and a half minutes. Many people died in the earthquake.
A fire broke out immediately after the quake. The fire started in a chemist's shop and spread quickly. Then the Fire Department in Napier came to help, but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water supply. However, the water supply in Hastings, was still usable, allowing them to fight back against the fire.
The force of the earthquake destroyed many of the city's famous landmarks（地标）. Chunks of the coastline were thrown into the sea. Napier's Bluff Hill, a popular tourist spot, was completely destroyed and thrown into the waters below.
Most of the major buildings in the city were completely destroyed. Roads and communications across the whole area were cut. People were afraid to enter their homes for days and found shelters at the local Motor Camp or on the beach. There were about 150 aftershocks（余震）in the 24 hours after the main shock. Over the next 2 weeks, there would be 525 such aftershocks.
1. The worst earthquake took place in New Zealand .
A. at night B. in the morning
C. at noon D. in the afternoon
2. The firefighters in Napier failed to put out the fire probably because .
A. there was no usable water
B. they couldn't get close to it
C. the flames spread too quickly
D. The wind was very strong
3. The last two paragraphs mainly tell us that .
A. there were many places of interest in New Zealand
B. the earthquake damaged the city seriously
C. many famous landmarks were thrown into the sea
D. people were afraid to enter their homes for sleep
4. What's the best title for this passage
A. The 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake
B. New Zealand's two cities
C. The great fire after the great earthquake
D. The city's famous landmarks
二、七选五
（2018福建厦门高一期末）
I was lucky to serve as an RA（宿舍协管员）for two years at Manhattanville College, which has students from more than 50 countries. I talked with a lot of students who had trouble living in a dorm room. 1
●Make your room your home. 2 It's your HOME. Show your style. Put up the posters your mom never let you put up at home. Do whatever you can to make your room a comfortable place so you'll feel right at home.
●A clean room is a happy room. Cleanliness is important whether you share a room with one person or seven. 3 Thus, your room will be always clean.
●Snack time is the best time. Some colleges offer food 24 hours a day, while others offer no food after midnight. Have snacks on hand because you'll get hungry during those late-night homework adventures. Try healthy snacks such as fruit and yogurt. 4 And remember the Freshman 15 doesn't apply only to freshmen.
● 5 The key to getting along well with others is communication. If there's a problem, ALWAYS talk it out with your roommate first. If you still have problems after talking, turn to your RA for help.
A. Be open to differences.
B. Don't shout. Talk it out!
C. Here are some survival tips I want to share.
D. It's unfair for only one to clean up all the time.
E. But watch out for Freshman 15-gaining 15 pounds!
F. Make a schedule that can be followed by everyone.
G. Your dorm room isn't just where you sleep or study.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
三、语法填空
（2019四川成都外国语学校高一12月月考）
As an old saying goes, "Friends are like wine；the older, the better. "Because of that, nowadays many people think old friends to be 1 （important）than new ones. For example, if two pieces of advice 2 （give）to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from an old friend, people always tend to choose the latter one, although the new friend's advice may be better.
I, however, 3 （agree）with the old saying, believing that new friends are not 4 （necessary）worse than old friends. Why Because the 5 （long）of time cannot tell whether your friendship is better or not.
Once you call someone your friend, he must be a person 6 is reliable and whose interests are in common with 7 （you）. Maybe a friend's outside look 8 （change）all the time, but the inside characters of him and his interests won't change at all. It is just these unchangeable characters and interests 9 make him a friend of you. 10 , on this point, there is no difference between old friends and new ones.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
四、读后续写
（2019辽宁新民第一高级中学高一上学期期中）
阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son. Suddenly a crow（乌鸦）perched（栖息）on their window.
The father asked his son, "What is this "The son replied, "It is a crow.
After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, "What is this "The son said, "Father, I have just now told you that it's a crow! "
After a little while, the old father again asked his son for the third time, "What is this "
At this time some expression of irritation（恼怒）was felt in the son's tone when he said to his father with a rebuff（生更的回绝）, "It's a crow, a crow. "A little while later, the father again asked his son for the fourth time, "What is this "
This time, the son shouted at his father, "Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times 'IT IS A CROW'. Are you not able to understand this "
A little while later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered（破旧的）diary, which he had maintained since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary：
"Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I did not at all feel irritated but I rather felt affection for my innocent son. "
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
After reading the diary,
Paragraph 2：Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father.
参考答案及解析
一、语篇解读 文章介绍了1931年2月3日新西兰的霍克斯湾地区发生的严重地震及其造成的极大损失。
1. B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句At 10：46 am on that summer's day, the quake hit with a magnitude of 7. 9 on the Richter scale（里氏震级）, 内容可知, 上午10点46分, 发生了地震。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water supply可知答案。
3. B 主旨大意题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知地震摧毁了城市里的许多著名地标, 这座城市的大部分主要建筑被完全摧毁了, 即地震对城市破坏严重。
4. A 主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍了1931年霍克斯湾的地震以及地震给该地区所带来的损害。
二、语篇解读 本文主要针对如何适应宿舍生活提供了意见, 包括把寝室当成自己的家、保持寝室清洁以及多和室友沟通等。
1. C 根据上文I was luck. . . talked with a lot of students who had trouble living in a dorm room. 可知, 作者当了两年的宿舍协管员, 遇到过许多国家的学生, 对于如何适应寝室生活非常有经验。此处则告诉读者怎样去适应寝室生活, 所以C项Here are some survival tips I want to share. 符合语境, 故选C项。
2. G 根据下文It's your HOME. 可知, 作者认为宿舍是自己的家, 所以G项Your dorm room isn't just where you sleep or study. 符合语境, 故选G项。
3. F 根据上文Cleanliness is important whether you share a room with one person or seven. 和下文"Thus, your room will be always clean. 可知, 作者认为不管你是和一个人合住还是和七个人合住, 清洁都很重要。制作一个人人都遵守的计划表。因此, 你们的房间将总是很干净。所以F项Make a schedule that can be followed by everyone. 符合语境, 故选F项。
4. E 根据下文And remember the Freshman 15 doesn't apply only to freshmen. 可知, 新生增重15磅并不仅限于新生, 暗示其他年级的学生也会发生这种情况。所以E项But watch out for Freshman 15-gaining 15 pounds! 符合语境, 故选E项。
5. B 根据下文The key to getting along well with others is communication. 可知, 作者在这一段建议读者多和室友沟通。所以B项Don't shout. Talk it out! 符合语境, 故选B项。
三、语篇解读 有人认为老朋友比新朋友更重要, 作者通过分析认为老朋友和新朋友没有差别。
1. more important 考查形容词比较级, 此处指很多人认为老朋友比新朋友更重要。根据空后的than可知此处使用important的比较级形式more important, 故填more important。
2. are given 考查时态和语态。此处指例如, 如果有两条解决一个问题的建议被给出, 一条来自新朋友, 另一条来自老朋友。“两条建议被给出”且描述的是客观事实, 应使用一般现在时的被动语态, 故填are given。
3. disagree 考查动词。此处指然而, 我不同意这句古老的谚语。根据however可知, 此处表转折, 应为“不同意", 故填disagree。
4. necessarily 考查副词。此处修饰形容词比较级worse, 应使用副词形式, “新朋友并不一定比老朋友差", 故填necessarily。
5. length 考查名词。此处指时间的长短并不能分辨朋友关系好还是不好。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知使用名词。long的名词形式是length, 故填lengh。
6. who/that 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是a person, 关系词在从句中作主语, 应使用关系代词who/that, 故填who或that。
7. yours 考查代词。由whose interests可知应填名词性物主代词yours, 相当于your interests, 故填yours。
8. changes/is changing/has been changing 考查时态。此处指朋友的外貌一直在改变。分析句子可知, 此处可以使用一般现在时、现在进行时或现在完成进行时, 故填changes或is changing或has been changing。
9. that 考查强调句型 句意：分析句子结构可知, 此处为强调句型, 即"It is+被强调成分+that+其他成分", 故填that。
10. Therefore 考查副词。空前讲正是这些不变的品格和兴趣让他成为你的朋友。空后讲在这一点上, 老朋友和新朋友之间是没有差别的。上下文之间是因果关系, 所以填Therefore。
四、
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
After reading the diary, the son was filled with tears and begam to reflect on the days when he used to sit together with his father. His father would patiently answer the same question all 23 times without feeling irritated while his father asked him the same question just four times! The son thought to himself: If I grow old. how will my son look at me Will he think of me as a burden Will he shout at me because of my poor sight, poor hearing or poor understanding
Paragraph 2:
Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father. He made an apology to his father, begging his father to forgive him for his bad behavior. He said, "It is you who have cared for me since I was a little child. You showered your selfless affection on me. You worked hard to make money so that I could afford to go to university. I will serve you whole heartedly. "
2
能力提升练
一、阅读理解
（2018湖北孝感八校联考高一上学期期中）
On February 3, 1931, the peace of New Zealand's Hawke's Bay region was destroyed when the area was hit by the worst earthquake in New Zealand's history. At 10：46 am on that summer's day, the quake hit with a magnitude of 7. 9 on the Richter scale（里氏震级）. The center of the quake lied some 15 to 20 kilometers north of the two main centers, Napier and Hastings. The quake lasted for two and a half minutes. Many people died in the earthquake.
A fire broke out immediately after the quake. The fire started in a chemist's shop and spread quickly. Then the Fire Department in Napier came to help, but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water supply. However, the water supply in Hastings, was still usable, allowing them to fight back against the fire.
The force of the earthquake destroyed many of the city's famous landmarks（地标）. Chunks of the coastline were thrown into the sea. Napier's Bluff Hill, a popular tourist spot, was completely destroyed and thrown into the waters below.
Most of the major buildings in the city were completely destroyed. Roads and communications across the whole area were cut. People were afraid to enter their homes for days and found shelters at the local Motor Camp or on the beach. There were about 150 aftershocks（余震）in the 24 hours after the main shock. Over the next 2 weeks, there would be 525 such aftershocks.
1. The worst earthquake took place in New Zealand .
A. at night B. in the morning
C. at noon D. in the afternoon
2. The firefighters in Napier failed to put out the fire probably because .
A. there was no usable water
B. they couldn't get close to it
C. the flames spread too quickly
D. The wind was very strong
3. The last two paragraphs mainly tell us that .
A. there were many places of interest in New Zealand
B. the earthquake damaged the city seriously
C. many famous landmarks were thrown into the sea
D. people were afraid to enter their homes for sleep
4. What's the best title for this passage
A. The 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake
B. New Zealand's two cities
C. The great fire after the great earthquake
D. The city's famous landmarks
二、七选五
（2018福建厦门高一期末）
I was lucky to serve as an RA（宿舍协管员）for two years at Manhattanville College, which has students from more than 50 countries. I talked with a lot of students who had trouble living in a dorm room. 1
●Make your room your home. 2 It's your HOME. Show your style. Put up the posters your mom never let you put up at home. Do whatever you can to make your room a comfortable place so you'll feel right at home.
●A clean room is a happy room. Cleanliness is important whether you share a room with one person or seven. 3 Thus, your room will be always clean.
●Snack time is the best time. Some colleges offer food 24 hours a day, while others offer no food after midnight. Have snacks on hand because you'll get hungry during those late-night homework adventures. Try healthy snacks such as fruit and yogurt. 4 And remember the Freshman 15 doesn't apply only to freshmen.
● 5 The key to getting along well with others is communication. If there's a problem, ALWAYS talk it out with your roommate first. If you still have problems after talking, turn to your RA for help.
A. Be open to differences.
B. Don't shout. Talk it out!
C. Here are some survival tips I want to share.
D. It's unfair for only one to clean up all the time.
E. But watch out for Freshman 15-gaining 15 pounds!
F. Make a schedule that can be followed by everyone.
G. Your dorm room isn't just where you sleep or study.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
三、语法填空
（2019四川成都外国语学校高一12月月考）
As an old saying goes, "Friends are like wine；the older, the better. "Because of that, nowadays many people think old friends to be 1 （important）than new ones. For example, if two pieces of advice 2 （give）to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from an old friend, people always tend to choose the latter one, although the new friend's advice may be better.
I, however, 3 （agree）with the old saying, believing that new friends are not 4 （necessary）worse than old friends. Why Because the 5 （long）of time cannot tell whether your friendship is better or not.
Once you call someone your friend, he must be a person 6 is reliable and whose interests are in common with 7 （you）. Maybe a friend's outside look 8 （change）all the time, but the inside characters of him and his interests won't change at all. It is just these unchangeable characters and interests 9 make him a friend of you. 10 , on this point, there is no difference between old friends and new ones.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
四、读后续写
（2019辽宁新民第一高级中学高一上学期期中）
阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son. Suddenly a crow（乌鸦）perched（栖息）on their window.
The father asked his son, "What is this "The son replied, "It is a crow.
After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, "What is this "The son said, "Father, I have just now told you that it's a crow! "
After a little while, the old father again asked his son for the third time, "What is this "
At this time some expression of irritation（恼怒）was felt in the son's tone when he said to his father with a rebuff（生更的回绝）, "It's a crow, a crow. "A little while later, the father again asked his son for the fourth time, "What is this "
This time, the son shouted at his father, "Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times 'IT IS A CROW'. Are you not able to understand this "
A little while later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered（破旧的）diary, which he had maintained since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary：
"Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I did not at all feel irritated but I rather felt affection for my innocent son. "
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
After reading the diary,
Paragraph 2：Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father.
参考答案及解析
一、语篇解读 文章介绍了1931年2月3日新西兰的霍克斯湾地区发生的严重地震及其造成的极大损失。
1. B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句At 10：46 am on that summer's day, the quake hit with a magnitude of 7. 9 on the Richter scale（里氏震级）, 内容可知, 上午10点46分, 发生了地震。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的but they were at a loss to control the fire as a result of losing their water supply可知答案。
3. B 主旨大意题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知地震摧毁了城市里的许多著名地标, 这座城市的大部分主要建筑被完全摧毁了, 即地震对城市破坏严重。
4. A 主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍了1931年霍克斯湾的地震以及地震给该地区所带来的损害。
二、语篇解读 本文主要针对如何适应宿舍生活提供了意见, 包括把寝室当成自己的家、保持寝室清洁以及多和室友沟通等。
1. C 根据上文I was luck. . . talked with a lot of students who had trouble living in a dorm room. 可知, 作者当了两年的宿舍协管员, 遇到过许多国家的学生, 对于如何适应寝室生活非常有经验。此处则告诉读者怎样去适应寝室生活, 所以C项Here are some survival tips I want to share. 符合语境, 故选C项。
2. G 根据下文It's your HOME. 可知, 作者认为宿舍是自己的家, 所以G项Your dorm room isn't just where you sleep or study. 符合语境, 故选G项。
3. F 根据上文Cleanliness is important whether you share a room with one person or seven. 和下文"Thus, your room will be always clean. 可知, 作者认为不管你是和一个人合住还是和七个人合住, 清洁都很重要。制作一个人人都遵守的计划表。因此, 你们的房间将总是很干净。所以F项Make a schedule that can be followed by everyone. 符合语境, 故选F项。
4. E 根据下文And remember the Freshman 15 doesn't apply only to freshmen. 可知, 新生增重15磅并不仅限于新生, 暗示其他年级的学生也会发生这种情况。所以E项But watch out for Freshman 15-gaining 15 pounds! 符合语境, 故选E项。
5. B 根据下文The key to getting along well with others is communication. 可知, 作者在这一段建议读者多和室友沟通。所以B项Don't shout. Talk it out! 符合语境, 故选B项。
三、语篇解读 有人认为老朋友比新朋友更重要, 作者通过分析认为老朋友和新朋友没有差别。
1. more important 考查形容词比较级, 此处指很多人认为老朋友比新朋友更重要。根据空后的than可知此处使用important的比较级形式more important, 故填more important。
2. are given 考查时态和语态。此处指例如, 如果有两条解决一个问题的建议被给出, 一条来自新朋友, 另一条来自老朋友。“两条建议被给出”且描述的是客观事实, 应使用一般现在时的被动语态, 故填are given。
3. disagree 考查动词。此处指然而, 我不同意这句古老的谚语。根据however可知, 此处表转折, 应为“不同意", 故填disagree。
4. necessarily 考查副词。此处修饰形容词比较级worse, 应使用副词形式, “新朋友并不一定比老朋友差", 故填necessarily。
5. length 考查名词。此处指时间的长短并不能分辨朋友关系好还是不好。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知使用名词。long的名词形式是length, 故填lengh。
6. who/that 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句, 先行词是a person, 关系词在从句中作主语, 应使用关系代词who/that, 故填who或that。
7. yours 考查代词。由whose interests可知应填名词性物主代词yours, 相当于your interests, 故填yours。
8. changes/is changing/has been changing 考查时态。此处指朋友的外貌一直在改变。分析句子可知, 此处可以使用一般现在时、现在进行时或现在完成进行时, 故填changes或is changing或has been changing。
9. that 考查强调句型 句意：分析句子结构可知, 此处为强调句型, 即"It is+被强调成分+that+其他成分", 故填that。
10. Therefore 考查副词。空前讲正是这些不变的品格和兴趣让他成为你的朋友。空后讲在这一点上, 老朋友和新朋友之间是没有差别的。上下文之间是因果关系, 所以填Therefore。
四、
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
After reading the diary, the son was filled with tears and begam to reflect on the days when he used to sit together with his father. His father would patiently answer the same question all 23 times without feeling irritated while his father asked him the same question just four times! The son thought to himself: If I grow old. how will my son look at me Will he think of me as a burden Will he shout at me because of my poor sight, poor hearing or poor understanding
Paragraph 2:
Feeling ashamed, the son got down on his knees before his father. He made an apology to his father, begging his father to forgive him for his bad behavior. He said, "It is you who have cared for me since I was a little child. You showered your selfless affection on me. You worked hard to make money so that I could afford to go to university. I will serve you whole heartedly. "
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