人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit4 Natural disasters Reading for Writing 素养导学案(有答案）

Unit4 Reading for Writing 素养导学案
课前预学区
I. 概要写作
认真阅读第50页的课文，用约60个词概括课文大意。
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Ⅱ. 速读教材第54页课文内容，回答问题
What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage is mainly about ______________________________________________
________________________________________. (no more than ten words)
课中导学区
研读教材
Task 1阅读理解
速读教材第54页课文内容，选择最佳答案。
1. What caused the tsunami
A. Hurricane. B. Typhoon.
C. Flood. D. Earthquake.
2. Why were food and supplies hard to deliver
A. Because there were not enough food and supplies.
B. Because rescue teams dared not go.
C. Because conditions were hard and roads were destroyed.
D. Because governments didn’t organize rescue teams.
核心考点
Task 2 supply n. [pl.] 门补给品；供应（量）；补给 vt. 供应；供给
（P52）The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
I’d like to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water. 我想预先买一个大的背包来装食品和水。
I don’t know whether they have a good supply of food in the area. 我不知道在这个地区他们是否备有很多食物。
基础探究
in short supply 短缺
have a good supply of... 备有许多……
school/medical supplies 学校/医疗用品
supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth 向某人提供某物
变式训练
单句填空
(1) The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes the _______ local people since the earthquake occurred.
(2) I’d like to know the reason why the milk is _______ short supply in this area now.
衔接写作
一句多译
没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西
(1) There is no need to worry. We can _____________________.
(2) There is no need to worry. We can _____________________.
Task 3 survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
（P52）She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. 她正在喂地震中幸存的婴儿。
He was very lucky that he didn’t starve to death, but survived the cold winter. 他很幸运，没有饿死，而是熬过了寒冷的冬天。
基础探究
A survive B (by...) A比B活得久……
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来
survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]门幸存；[C]残存物
变式训练
单句填空
(1) The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived _______ the fish caught in the sea.
(2) Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two _______ (survive).
Task 4 strike v. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
（P54）The undersea quake struck around 7: 00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. 周日上午7点左右，印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸发生海底地震。
The tree was struck by lightning. 树遭到雷击。
The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. 工会投票决定罢工，要求加薪6%。
Air traffic controllers are threatening to go on strike. 空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工。
基础探究
be struck by on with... 被……打动：迷恋……
strike sb in/on+the+身体部位 击打某人某处
be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
变式别练
写出画线单词strike的意思
(1) The stone struck him in the eye. _______
(2) A good idea struck me. _______
(3) I was deeply struck by the beauty of Shangri-La. _______
(4) The clock struck twelve. _______
(5) The girl struck a match to light a cigarette. _______
(6) The bus drivers’ strike stopped all traffic. _______
单元写作
Task 5概要写作
写作典例
阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
GUANGZHOU-At least 25 people have been confirmed dead after Super Typhoon Usagi made landfall in China’s Guangdong Province on Sunday evening, according to the provincial flood control headquarters.
“Electricity and water supply were cut off in the Huilai County, Jieyang City, and houses were collapsed as wind speeds at the center exceeded 180 km per hour on Sunday afternoon,” said Li Feng, a border police officer of the city.
Intercity trains between Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai were suspended（暂停）at 6 pm and nearly 50 trains, including those along the high-speed lines to Beijing, Shenzhen and Hong Kong, would be suspended until Tuesday, according to the Guangzhou Railway Corporation.
At a Xiecheng gas station on National Road 324 near Shanwei City, where at least 13 of the 25 victims were killed, winds were strong enough to blow cars off the road and all traffic was stopped. Resident Li Huolong said he was on his way home in Shanwei when the back window of his car was broken by the wind. Educational authorities in 14 cities ordered schools to suspend classes on Sunday, a school day in China because of the three-day MidAutumn Festival which just ended. More than 47, 000 fishing boats were in harbor, with nearly 20, 000 fishermen kept on shore. All beaches in the province have been closed.
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写作指导
1. 命题分析
概要写作作为英语高考新题型，就是对文章进行简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也称之为“摘要”做题时，学生要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，要通过对文章中的单词、短语和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的新题型，是二者的有机结合体。
（1）选材特点
①所选材料的词数在350以内。
②所选材料的体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
③概要写作四项原则：
a. 要使用第三人称；
b. 不可加入自己的观点；
c. 不可对原文内容加以评论；
d不要引人与原文内容无关的信息。
（2）评分参考
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：
①对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
②运用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
③上下文的连贯性；
④对各要点表达的独立性情况。
注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要点，用自己的话来表述，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相对会比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文的现象，得分将会大大降低。另外，所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
2. 布局谋篇
（1）阅读全文
首先要通读全文，对文章的体裁和大意有所了解。学生在阅读时要快速地找到主题句，以便抓住中心，理解全文。学生还需要根据文章内容列出一个简单的提纲，以便在写作过程中不会遗漏要点，总结全面。
（2）写出初稿
在写作过程中，学生要注意词数要求，使用精炼的句子概括文章的要点，可以引用所给阅读材料的重要词语，但不可过多，否则便失去了概要的意义。学生还需谨记：概要必须全面、清晰地表达所给阅读材料的信息，客观、准确地反映所给阅读材料，不可随意添加或删减内容。
本文是说明文，介绍了超级台风“天兔”对广东造成的破坏。概括时要注意要点，要注意台风破坏的各个主要方面。因为涉及并列信息的叙述，所以学生要注意概括的句子之间的顺畅连接。
（3）修正定稿
初稿完成后，要将其与所给阅读材料核对一遍，看原材料中的要点是否在概要中都得到了体现，语句间的衔接是否符合逻辑，同时还需要检查句子是否有错误，时态和语态的使用是否正确，标点、格式、大小写是否有误等
3. 方法技巧
（1）记叙文
记叙文的概要，一般包括记叙文的六个要素：时间（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、事件（what）、原因（why）、结果（how）。学生应先通读短文，找出这六个要素，然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成几句话即可。当然，不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素。如果是夹叙夹议的文章，作者对故事的内容发表了自己的看法，或指出了故事给人们的启示，学生在概括时要加上这一内容。因此，概要中一般应包括：
①谁做了什么？
②结果怎么样？
③文章揭示了什么？（包括作者的看法、观点、感悟或写作目的。假如原文没有提及，概括时可以不写）
记叙文可用以下开头语：
①The passage/story is mainly about.. 本文/这个故事主要是关于…
②The author tells us a story about... 作者告诉我们一个关于…的故事
③According to the passage, we know... 根据短文，我们知道……
（2）议论文
议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论三部分，其关键是找出主题句或结论句。因此学生写议论文的概要时，主要是要找出主题句、支撑句和结论句。若文中有一分为二的观点，那么两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。议论文可用以下开头语：
①The passage/. author argues that... 本文/作者主张……
②The passage/author highlights the importance of. 本文/作者强调了……的重要性。
③The passage/author discusses the impact of... 本文/作者讨论了……的影响。
④The passage/author compares... with... 本文/作者比较了……与……
（3）说明文
此类文章通常会有中心句（多在首段），写概要时要注意找出中心句，抓住关键词，然后重组文章的信息，用自已的话表述出来。不同类型的说明文的几种
参考模板：
①描写某事物的性质或功用。即“对象+性质或功用+好处”：In the passage the author introduces...（对象）to us...（性质或功用）...（对象带来的好处）
②针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”：The passage tells us...（问题）...（方法1）...（方法2）...（方法3）
③介绍某现象及其原因和结果，即“现象+原因+结果”：The author talks about...（现象）...（原因/本质1）...（原因/本质2）...（结果）
说明文可用以下开头语：
①According to the passage, we can know... 根据文章我们可知……
②This passage/article is mainly about... 这篇文章主要是关于……
③In the passage, the author mainly tells us... 在这篇文章中作者主要告诉我们……
④A new study found... 一个新的研究发现……
⑤The purpose of the report is to show... 这一报告的目的是表明……
参考范文
Super Typhoon Usagi struck China’s Guangdong Province on Sunday evening, causing at least 25 deaths...（要点l）In addition to having damaged many houses, it also stopped traffic and transports and even some cars were blown off the road.（要点2）What’s worse, electricity and water supply were cut off, and it also kept fishermen on shore and students off school.（要点3）All beaches in the province have been closed.（要点4）
课堂思学区
夯实基础
概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Rats eat our food or make it so dirty that it isn’t fit for people at all. That’s why people often kill them with poison. After a day or two, they find the poison still there. The rats haven’t touched it, even though it is near the food which they eat. People think they must be clever and cunning（狡猾的）. Some scientists have been trying to find the best way to poison rats. They have watched just what a rat does day and night. They have found out that rats aren’t so clever. They are just very shy.
Rats usually live in holes. They run from these holes to the places where they eat and drink. They have special paths on which they travel each time. So they know their paths quite well.
If anything new, such as stone or wood, is put on the path, the rats won’t go near it at first as they are too frightened. It will take them many days to get over the fear. They are also frightened to go near a place that they know, where something has been taken away. If a path goes around a rock, the rats follow the same path around the rock each time. If the rock is taken away, they will still run around the place where the rock was! They won’t cross the empty place, which is now open to them, even though it would be quicker.
Rats will always keep away from anything unusual to them. That’s why they won’t eat poison on the first or second night. They usually won’t go anywhere near it for about four days until they get used to being there. Even then they only eat a little at a time. If people want to kill rats with poison, all they have to do is to leave it out for a few days. Once the rats have got used to it, they will eat it and die.
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参考答案
课前预学区
I.
Strange things happened in the countryside before Tangshan earthquake. At 3: 42 am, everything began to shake. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. The number of people injured or killed reached over400, 000. Water, food and electricity were hard to get and the railway tracks became useless. But hope was not lost. The rescue team came to help and slowly the city began to breathe again.
II. something about the most powerful tsunami in Asia
课中导学区
Task 1
1. D 2. C
Task 2
变式训练 (1) to (2) in
衔接写作 (1) supply you with whatever you need
(2) supply whatever you need to you
Task 3
变式训练 (1) on (2) survived
Task 4
变式训练(1) 打击；撞击 (2) 突然想起；猛地意识到
(3) 给……留下印象 (4) (时钟) 敲：报时 (5) 划（火柴） (6) 罢工
课堂思学区
夯实基础
It is generally considered that rats are smart enough not to be poisoned. They just refuse to accept new things.（要点1）Rats are familiar with their usual paths. If any changes take place on their usual paths, they feel unsafe to use them.（要点2）It took several days for rats to adjust themselves to their new surroundings. They won’t be poisoned until they become familiar with the change. （要点3）