人教版（2019）必修第一册 学案Unit4 Natural disasters易混易错点辨析学案（有答案）

【名师原创】：Unit4 易混易错点辨析
●happen; occur; take place
【教材原句】
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. (教材P50)
【辨析】
三者都有“发生”的意思，都是不及物动词，都没有被动语态，但是有一定区别。
happen 和occur一样 可以表示事情意外或偶然地发生，这种情况下两者常可换用；happen 常构成以下结构：
① sth. happen to sb./sth. 某人发生某事/某物怎么了
② sb. Happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
③ it happened + that 从句 碰巧……
④ there happen to be …… 碰巧有…..
occur 除了表示意外或偶然发生某事外，也表示“想起，突然想起”，常构成以下结构：
① sth. occur to sb. 某人想起（突然想起）某事
② it occur to sb. to do sth. 某人想起（突然想起）做某事
③ it occur to sb. + that 从句 某人想起（突然想起）某事
take place 一般表示有准备或按计划安排要发生的事情，也可以表示“举行，举办”会议，运动会等
【例句呈现】
What happened to your truck
你的卡车怎么样了
There happened to be some people there then.
那时，碰巧有一些人在那里。
It never occurred to her to ask anyone.
她从未想到去问问别人。
It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.
我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。
Didn't it occur to you that he was lying
你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？
How did the accident happen/occur
事故是怎样发生的
That plane crash occurred/happened only minutes after take-off.
空难在起飞几分钟后就发生了。
She hoped nothing bad would happen to him.
她希望不会有什么不幸的事发生在他头上。
Olympic Games take place every four years in the world.
奥运会每四年（每隔三年）举行一次。
Great changes have taken place in our country during the past forty years.
过去四十年里，我们的国家发生了巨大变化。
【考点过关】
用happen, occur 和take place的适当形式填空
1. Elections ________ every five years in the country now.
2. It _______ to me that going to Switzerland for traveling will be marvelous!
3. Great changes ________ here since last year.
4. It never _________ to me that he might be in trouble.
5. The severe car accident ________ in the street half an hour ago.
6. What has ________
7. A good idea __________ to them that day.
8. The meeting will ________ next week.
9. It ________ to me to visit my teacher.
10. It didn't _______ to him that she would refuse his invitation.
【参考答案】
1. take place; 2. occurs; 3. have taken place; 4. occurred; 5. happened/occurred; 6. has happened/has occurred; 7. occurred; 8. will take place; 9. occurred; 10. occur
●appear; seem
【教材原句】
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. (教材P50)
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! (教材P50)
【辨析】
两者都有“看起来（好像、似乎…）”的意思，一般可以换用，但在个别殊结构用上的用法上有一定的区别。
appear强调自身表现出, 流露出；appear 指外表给人的印象,可能是真象也可能是假象，不确定性更大一些，常用于以下结构或词组中：
① appear + n/adj. 似乎/好像…..
② appear to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it appears that从句 好像….
④ what appears to be…看起来像….的东西
⑤ there appears to be…. 似乎/好像有……
⑥ appear out of nowhere 突然冒出来
⑦ appear overnight 一夜之间出现（反义：disappear overnight）
seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实，常用于以下机构中：
① seem + n/adj. 似乎/好像….
② seem to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it seems that从句 好像….
④ seem like…..看起来像….
⑤ it seems as if/though…..看起来好像…….
⑥ there seem to be….好像有…..
温馨提示：
①在seem like…. 和 it seems as if/though…..结构中，一般不能换成appear
②appear 表示“出现”时，不可与seem 换用
【例句呈现】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一天，一个陌生人出现在我家门前。
She tried hard to appear/seem (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静。
There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear/seem to do better.
有证据显示有生活目标的人似乎表现得更加出色。
It seemed like a good idea.
这主意好像不错。
The theory without practice seems/appears to be the cars without motors.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车。
It seems as if they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。
It seemed/appeared that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎。
Everyone in the picture seems/appears to have put on some weight, don’t they
照片中每个人好像胖了，是不是？
He doesn’t seem/appear to be happy.
他看起来不高兴。
She seemed/appeared to have caught a cold.
她好像感冒了。
【考点过关】
用appear, seem的适当形式填空
He _______ to have traveled a lot.
He ________ to be very tired now.
He ________ to be a gentleman – he was wearing a suit, not like a thief at all.
It _______ as if he didn’t love her at all at that time.
It _________ to me that working experience is more important than a degree.
It ________ that he had a taste for music.
There ________ to be some disagreement between his words and actions at present.
It _______ like rain now.
【参考答案】
1. seems/appears; 2. seems/appears; 3. appeared/seemed; 4. seemed; 5. seems/
appears; 6. appeared/seemed; 7. seems/appears; 8. seems
●rise; raise
【教材原句】
For several days, the water in the village well rose and fell. (教材P50)
【辨析】
两者在意义和用法上都有区别。
rise 是不及物动词，意思是“增长；上升；上涨；升起；起床”，多指不受人为影响而自然上升。也可以作名词。
raise 意思是“饲养，养育，抚养；举起；提高；加薪”，后面须接宾语。
【例句呈现】
There has been a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.
失业人数急剧增长。
We are expecting a rise in food prices this month.
我们预计这个月食物价格会上涨。
They are sticking out for a higher pay rise.
他们坚持要求更大幅度地提高工资。
Share prices fell early on but rose again late in the day.
那天股票价格起先跌了，临近收盘时又涨了。
The graph shows how house prices have risen since the 1980s.
此图表明了自20世纪80年代以来房价上涨的情况。
Our campaign's main purpose is to raise money.
我们这次活动的主要目的是募款。
The article raised doubts about how effective the new drug really was.
这篇文章对这种新药的实效有多大提出了疑问。
He raised one arm and then the other.
他先举起一只手，然后举起另一只。
I've never heard him even raise his voice.
我甚至从没听到他提高过嗓门儿。
When the gate is raised, the water can flow freely.
闸门提起时水就可以畅流。
【考点过关】
根据rise和raise的用法, 用其适当形式填空
1. She _______ her eyes from her work then.
2. When water levels _______, flooding results.
3. We hold a dance every year to ______ money for charity.
4. Death rates from heart disease _______ considerably in recent years.
5. Nowadays, the book _______ many important questions.
6. Prices are expected to _______ even higher this year.
7. _______ animals was only secondary to other forms of farming.
8. _______ unemployment is a political time bomb for the government.
9. Both of them _______ in the South.
10. House prices _______five per cent last year.
【参考答案】
1. raised; 2. rise; 3. raise; 4. have risen; 5. raises; 6. rise; 7. Raising; 8. Rising; 9. were raised; 10. rose
●the number of…, a number of…
【教材原句】
The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. (教材P50)
【辨析】
两者组成结构很相似，但意思和用法有区别。
the number of….. 表示“……的数量/数目”， 后接复数可数名词。the number of + 可数名词复数做主语时，谓语用单数形式。
a number of…. 表示“许多”，相当于 many, a lot of, lots of修饰复数可数名词。a number of + 可数名词 ( http: / / www. / cixing / mingci / " \t "_blank )复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。number前常用good, great, large, small等修饰，以表示数量程度。
【例句呈现】
A great number of them don't know what happened in this country in history.
他们中很多人不知道这个国家历史上曾发生过什么。
A good number of Egyptians are proficient in foreign languages.
很多埃及人都精通外语。
A great number of families lived in this village.
这个屯落里有许多人家。
He has a good number of English idioms at command.
他掌握了大量的英语成语。
There have been a large number of accidents lately.
最近事故极多。
The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
今年新生人数从210减少到160。
The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.
雇员人数从40人减少到了25人。
There has been a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.
失业人数急剧增长。
The number of homeless people has increased dramatically.
无家可归者的人数急剧增加了。
The number of homeless people is a telling comment on the state of society.
无家可归者的数量是社会状况的生动写照。
【考点过关】
根据the number of….和a number of….用法填空
1. A large number of students ________ (be) attending the lecture in classroom.
2. The number of people who fail each year _______ (be) now in single figures.
3. A good number of measures _______ (take) to solve the problem last year.
4. The number of reported crimes _______ (increase) at an alarming rate nowadays.
5. I think a great number of factors ________ (decide) whether a movie will be successful or not.
6. The number of people employed in agriculture ________ (fall) in the last decade.
7. A large number of parents _______ (voice) concern about their children's safety.
8. The number of people in the hall now _______ (be) 625．
9. The number of places available _______ (be) necessarily limited last month.
10. There _________ a number of different points of view on this issue.
【参考答案】
1. are; 2. is; 3. were taken; 4. is increasing; 5. decide; 6. has fallen; 7. have voiced; 8. is; 9. was; 10. are/were
●destroy, damage, ruin
【教材原句】
Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing. (教材P50)
In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. (教材P50)
Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. (教材P50)
【辨析】
三者都有“破坏；损坏”的意思，但有一定区别。
destroy 常指“毁灭性地破坏，摧毁；消灭；毁灭” 具体的事物或抽象的事物，程度极其严重，无法修复。另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽指打破(希望, 计划等)。
ruin泛指一般性的破坏，多用于借喻之中，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。使破产，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用 ruin，可做动词和名词。常构成以下机构：
bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败; 使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
go/come/ fall to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
ruin oneself毁掉自己
in ruins成为废墟，遭到严重破坏
damage意为“损坏、破坏”。常表示损坏或破坏具体的事物，也可以指损坏抽象的东西，含有损坏后价值或效益降低的意味，破坏或损坏程度不太严重，以修复再用，还可用作可数或不可数名词，常构成以下结构：
do damage to….. 损害…., 破坏….
cause damage to…..损害…., 破坏…..
【例句呈现】
Smoking will damage your health.
抽烟会损害你的健康。
The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city．
这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。
What they said and did damage the relations between the two countries．
他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。
The Nazi wanted to destroy/ruined people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people．
纳粹想摧毁人民的希望，最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。
The earthquake destroyed the village，so the local government decided to select another place to build a new one .
地震彻底摧毁了这个村庄, 因此当地政府决定选另一个地方建设一个新村子。
The heavy sandstorm destroyed/ruined their plan to seek for water in the desert.
一场非同一般的沙尘暴破坏了他们去沙漠里找水的计划。
All my hopes were destroyed/ruined by his letter of refusal.
他回信拒绝，使我的希望完全破灭。
My new coat is ruined．
我的外套不能再穿了。
The storm ruined the crops.
暴风雨毁坏了庄稼
She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
【考点过关】
用destroy, damage和ruin的适当形式填空
1. The terrible hurricane ________ the whole town completely last week.
2. He _______ his future by carelessness.
3. The fire _______ all my books.
4. He knocked over a bottle of ink and ______ the table cloth.
5. The whole city was in ________ after the earthquake.
6. Badly ______ in the accident, but the car can be repaired and reused.
7. The heavy rain _______ all hope of a picnic.
8. The fire _______ the building, and the government had to rebuild it.
9. These young people _______ themselves due to not listening to advice.
10. The flood caused ________ to the country.
【参考答案】
1. destroyed; 2. ruined/destroyed; 3. destroyed; 4. ruined; 5. ruins; 6. damaged; 7. destroyed/ruined; 8. destroyed; 9. ruined; 10. damage
●suffer from; suffer
【教材原句】
What kind of help do you think people who have suffered from a tsunami need (教材P58)
【辨析】
两者都有“遭受”之意，但用法有一定区别。
suffer from常指遭受战争、自然灾害引起的苦难、资金或资源的短缺、罹患疾病等。
suffer常指遭受/承受损害、痛苦、损失、失败、不良后果、惩罚、冤枉、侮辱、心理方面的不良情绪、经济困难等方面，其宾语一般为pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong等, 也可接抽象性代词much, little等。
【例句呈现】
In these days of technological change we all suffer from information overload.
在这科技日新月异的时代，过多的信息使人人都应接不暇。
She suffered no ill effects from the experience.
这次经历没有使她受到不良影响。
The party was suffering a crisis of confidence among its supporters.
当时这个政党在其支持者中正遭受信任危机。
She suffered from severe depression after losing her job.
她失业后患了严重的抑郁症。
It is hard to estimate how many children suffer from dyslexia.
很难估计有多少孩子有诵读困难。
She's suffering a delayed reaction to the shock.
她正在承受着冲击所带来的滞后反应。
Property values have suffered another reverse.
房地产价值再次遭受损失。
She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
她很聪明，但却缺乏远大志向。
A lot of students suffer from exam nerves.
许多学生考试怯阵。
He suffers from a rare blood disease.
他患有一种罕见的血液病。
She suffered years of mental torment after her son's death.
儿子去世后，她多年悲痛欲绝。
The army was forced to retreat after suffering heavy losses.
部队因伤亡惨重被迫撤退。
The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
这药因许多人服后产生严重副作用而被停止销售。
She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.
她因受伤向公司要求获得损害赔偿金。
Many people suffer from mental illness at some point in their lives.
许多人在人生的某个阶段都会得精神病。
【考点过关】
用suffer, suffer from的适当形式填空
1. She _______ from headache.
2. He died very quickly, and didn’t ________ much.
3. So far our business ________ lack of investment.
4. You must be prepared_______ serious consequences.
5. I _______ a real lack of time this week.
6. He ______ defeat last year.
7. Mrs. White’s little boy ________ a bad cold again during these days.
8. Many children in the class ____ severe social and economic disadvantage last year.
9. Many people _______ mental illness at some point in their lives nowadays.
10. He ________ loss of memory for weeks after the accident.
11. Many companies ________ a shortage of skilled staff now.
12. The team ________ a shock defeat in the first round last month.
13. Those _______ infectious diseases were separated from the other patients.
14. People ________ many hardships during that long winter.
15. He often _______ a serious heart condition.
16. He ________ a serious injury that obliged him to give up work.
【参考答案】
1. suffers; 2. suffer; 3. has suffered from; 4. to suffer; 5. am suffering from; 6. suffered; 7. is suffering from; 8. suffered; 9. suffer from; 10. suffered; 11. are suffering from; 12. suffered; 13. suffering from; 14. suffered; 15. suffers from; 16. suffered
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