人教版（2019）高中英语必修第一册 Unit4 Natural disasters 单元素养检测(有答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版（2019）高中英语必修第一册 Unit4 Natural disasters 单元素养检测(有答案） |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 85.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-09 12:47:50 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
Unit4 单元素养检测
第一部分阅读理解
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
[浙江诸暨中学2018高一期中]Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation，51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 p.m. or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7-to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15%said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest：most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal. But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35%of 10-to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime？ Watch TV.
More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities（机会）to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone, "says Dr Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing the levels of body chemicals called hormones not only makes teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also makes it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before II p.m.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7：25 a.m.to 8：30 a.m. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on？
A. Learning and sleeping problems. B. Teenagers' sleep-related diseases
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness D. American kids' sleeping habits
2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day？
A.7 hours B.10 hours C.8 hours D.18 hours
3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon？
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents' examples.
D. They don't need to go to school early.
B
When the sand began kicking up and hitting our faces, I started to worry that maybe we had made a mistake That afternoon, my dad had stood on the deck（屋后供休息的木制平台）of our home and laughed as our neighbours packed up their cars and headed inland. They left to spend the night in hotels or at friends' homes that were out of range of the approaching summer storm.
Challenging the weather that threatened to damp our spirits, we lit a fire on the beach. Dad told jokes and we had a good time. When it was 6：30 p.m., all laughter disappeared. Our eyes were drawn to the sky. A tornado（龙卷风）was heading straight to us！ In a flash， we were all on our feet. The wind started screaming and now we were running to the cottage. My mum stopped next to the front door." Where can we go？" she shouted at my dad.
Most cottages on this part of Lake Michigan had been built without basements. Ours was no exception. The huge window and the cottage itself wouldn’t offer safety from high wind.
"Follow me! "my dad yelled. We crawled (爬) beneath the deck, pressing ourselves against the foundation of the cottage. Between the deck supports, we watched the approaching storm in silent terror.
My dad shouted, "Hold on!" and something else I couldn't hear over the screaming wind. I think he was praying. By the time it reached our cottage, it was nothing more than a strong wind. The rest of the storm lasted for an hour and then simply blew away.
"Next time, we' ll stay inland at Grandma's. Okay " my dad said.
4. What did the family do before the storm came
A. They left the hotels. B. They packed up the cars.
C. They stayed on the beach. D. They visited their neighbours.
5. What was the family’s immediate action when they saw the tornado approach
A. Closing their eyes tightly. B. Praying in silent terror.
C. Crawling on the ground. D. Running away at once.
6. Where did the family stay in the storm
A. Under a deck B. In a basement C. Inside the car D. Behind a door
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. Life on the beach B. An Unusual Cottage
C. Surviving a storm D. My Admirable Family
C
[山东潍坊新高考质量测评联2019高一联考]Have you ever wondered what wild animals do when no one is watching？
Low cost, dependable and small modern cameras offered a big help. Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger snow-lowing cats in the northern Rocky Mountains. Scientists have been able to document the "private" moments of wildlife with leading technology.
Grant Harris is a government biologist with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In his words, "there’s no doubt that these wild cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife." Harris said some images help scientists see the effects of climate change.
Researchers with the Wyoming Migration Initiative，or WMI，are among those using wild cameras along with global positioning systems，or GPS. But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited, so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS. However, cameras can be left in very wild areas for days, weeks or even months. They can provide information on how many animals are moving over a given period of time.
Putting those cameras in place requires careful planning. Wild video can show details about animal behavior. However, wild cameras have their problems too. Animals such as wolverines and bears sometimes attack them. Scientists do not know if the attacks are the result of anger or interest. Also, the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way.
Even with such problems, wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animal.
8. What does the underlined word "document" in Paragraph 2 mean
A Remind. B. Enrich.
C. Appreciate. D. Record.
9. Which is a disadvantage of wild cameras
A. They might be stolen by people.
B. They provide limited information.
C. They cannot be placed in hard-to-reach areas.
D. They cannot be left in the wild over a long period.
10. What is the author's attitude towards wild cameras
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Uncertain. D. Uncaring.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
东北三省四市2018高一联考]根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We need to fail-failure is how we learn. If we never fail at anything, we probably haven’t learnt all that life has to teach us. But what can help us when we fail？
Never stop trying
11 If you really want to change some behaviour or learn to do something new, don't give up trying. You may get depressed by the lack of progress sometimes, but if you give up, your progress will come to an end.
12
While optimism（乐观）is the "new happiness" ，there is a certain power in optimistic thinking whether you believe it or not. Putting yourself in a more optimistic mindset can open you up to more possibilities than usual.
Learn to rely on yourself first, then others.
Those who are self-reliant（自力更生的）are strong and not easily damaged. 13 Becoming more self-reliant is easier than it sounds-become your own best friend, do everything that you can possibly do for yourself, and learn what your strengths and weaknesses are.
Don't look back.
We spend too much of our adult lives looking back. 14 Spend just 10 percent more of your time looking forward to what life holds for you in the future, and I suspect you'll find yourself in a better position.
Failure is a normal and natural part of life that is neither bad nor good-it's just how we learn. So the question isn’t whether you want to fail or not 15
A. There's nothing back there to see.
B. Understand the power of optimism.
C. Never be content with new happiness
D. Trying or learning something new is often half the battle.
E. but learning something new involves taking risks of failure.
F. They can bounce back from stress and heartbreak more quickly than those who aren’t.
G. but how quickly you can accept your failure, learn something from it, and try again.
第二部分 语言运用
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad.
Instead of looking at nature, I 16 my email Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading 17 newspapers each morning. And that was the problem: I was acting 18 I were still in the office. My body was on vacation but my 19 wasn't.
So this year I made up my mind to try something 20 : getting away from the Internet. I knew it wouldn't be easy， 21 I'm not good at self-control. But I was 22 . I started by 23 the iPad to my wife. Then, a stroke of luck: The mobile phone's 24 at our cabin（小木屋）was worse than in the past. I was 25 ，forced to carry out my plan. Largely 26 from email and my favourite newspaper websites, I had little way to 27 to the world. I had no 28 but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.
With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle 29 the Internet. I finally 30 that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the 31 .
I knew I had 32 when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi. "Don’t need it. "I said. 33, as we return to work, a test begins: Can I 34 when I'm back at work I don’t plan to 35 my iPad completely. But I hope to resist the temptation（诱惑）to use it every five minutes.
16. A. received B. selected C. checked D. removed
17. A. online B. informal C. local D. traditional
18. A.so that B. as if C. now that D. even though
19. A. opinion B. identity C. mind D. curiosity
20. A. attractive B. logical C. magical D. different
21.A. since B. unless C. though D.so
22. A. excited B. shocked C. frightened D. determined
23. A. showing B. handing C. sending D. introducing
24. A. quality B. design C. signal D. technology
25. A. trapped B. ignored C. injured D. persuaded
26. A. taken out B. pulled down C. cut off D. carried away
27. A. apply B. connect C. appeal D. turn
28. A. method B. goal C. trick D. choice
29. A. against B. for C. on D. to
30. A. expected B. realised C. permitted D. suggested
31. A. puzzle B. sign C. evidence D. problem
32. A. won B. forgotten C. suffered D. recovered
33. A. Somehow B. Anyway C. However D. Therefore
34. A. survive B. change C. escape D. continue
35. A. take apart B. give up C. turn to D. care about
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
[湖北襄阳五中2018高一月考]阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
An earthquake is certainly regarded as unlucky, but Pakistan received 36 unexpected reward from the recent earthquake--an island！
Pakistan now has a new island that magically 37 （come）into being after a strong earthquake on September 24.The island， 38 （make）of rock and mud, is round and has a very gentle slope. It measures 175.7 metres by 160 metres and is about 18 to 21 metres tall.
No one knows 39 （exact）how the new island formed. Some geologists think it is made of mud that came from the sea floor during the earthquake. 40 （other）believe that the new island came from a mud volcano， 41 formed when hot underground water mixed with rocks and gases.
Actually, Pakistan got similar 42 （lucky）many years ago. This new island isn't the first island 43 （appear in this country. After earthquakes in 1945 and 2001，two new islands also "grew" there， 44 both disappeared within a year. If this island is similar 45 the former two, it will also disappear within one year.
36.______ 37. _____ 38. _____ 39. _____ 40. _____
41.______ 42. _____ 43. _____ 44. _____ 45. ______
第三部分 写作
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Peter来信告诉你他的家乡刚刚发生一场地震。这场地震不仅造成了很大的损失，也给Perter留下了心理阴影。请根据以下要点，写一封信安慰他:
1.不要独处，而是与他人分享自己的感受；
2.多和家人、朋友交流；
3.可以求助于医生。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节读后续写（满分25分）
浙江宁波诺丁汉大学附中2018高一期中]阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Last summer when my family had a road trip to Montana we arrived in Great Falls late one night. The kids had fallen sleep in the car, so my husband went and checked in the hotel while I stayed with the kids. When he returned with the room keys, we woke up our children and took them out of the car, through the hotel, up the elevator and into our guest room. We kept the room dark, leaving only the entry light on, and quickly put the kids into bed hoping they’d drift back to sleep.
My husband went to put our water in the mini-fridge only to notice some beers." That’s strange, "he said and I agreed but having discovered left-behind drinks in hotel fridges in the past I didn’t think much about it. I figured the housekeepers had forgotten to check it. In the meantime, my husband ran to the store and I went into the bathroom to get ready for bed, As I washed my face I looked down to see cardboard beer containers in the trash, I felt my heart begin to pound. We were in someone else’s room!
Now feeling panic, I checked the closet. Nothing. I then went to the dresser drawers. Nothing. My eyes scanned the room's floor and there it was: a black bag that looked like one of ours. But it wasn't!
I immediately called the front desk and the waitress in charge responded with an "Oh, my God! This is not good!”
By now the kids were wide awake, jumping on the beds as I was trying to put all of our things back into our oversized suitcase. Just while we were packing our things, I heard someone was unlocking the door, which made my heart beat wildly.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
The door opened and in came a young man.________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
I didn’t know how to deal with the matter but luckily the waitress______________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
第一部分阅读理解
第一节
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。大多数美国孩子睡得少，这已经成为种很坏的习惯，本文就此现象进行了分析，找出其产生的原因并列出了应对措施。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段列举的一些数据可知，美国国家睡眠基金会的新调查是关于美国儿童的睡眠习惯的。故选D项。
2.B细节理解题。根据第二段第四句 For most school-age children，ten hours is ideal.可知，对于学龄儿童来说，他们每天需要10小时的睡眠。根据常识可知，11岁的孩子应是学龄儿童。故选B项。
3.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.可知，卡斯卡登认为导致青少年晚睡的原因是，一些睡前活动会让他们兴奋并且难以平静下来。故选B项。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一家人外出，在沙滩遭遇了龙卷风，最后得以脱险的故事
4.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的...we lit a fire on the beach...A tornado was heading straight to us！可知，当龙卷风到来时作者一家人正在沙滩上。故选C项。
5.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的 In a flash，we were all on our feet The wind started screaming and now we were running to the cottage.可知，龙卷风一来，作者一家人就开始跑。故选D项。
6.A细节理解题。根据第五段中的 We crawled beneath the deck, pressing ourselves against the foundation of the cottage. Between the deck supports, we watched the approaching storm in silent terror.可知，作者家人躲在了屋后供休息的木制平台下面。故选A项。
7.C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了作者一家人外出，在沙滩遭遇了龙卷风，最后得以脱险的故事。所以 Surviving a Storm（在风暴中幸存下来）为最佳题目。故选C项。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用来拍摄野生动物生活的野外照相机及它的优势和劣势。
8.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句及画线词所在句可知，科学家们已经能够用野外照相机拍摄许多野生动物的“私人”时刻，由此推知画线词的意思是“记录”。故选D项。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中…are among those using wild cameras along with global positioning systems，or GPS.But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited.so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS.可知，这些设备是有局限性的，所以他们可以从GPS上收集到的信息也是有限的。由此推知野外照相机提供有限的信息。故选B项。
10.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Even with such problems，wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animals.可知，即使有这样的问题，野外照相机显然还是研究野生动物的重要科学工具。由此可推知作者对野外照相机持积极的态度。故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了帮助我们从失败中恢复过来的建议。
11.D空后的 If you really want to change some behaviour or learn to do something new，don't give up trying.中的 something new与D项中的Trying or leaming something new相呼应，且D项意思与该段主题“不要停止尝试”契合。故选D项
12.B根据该标题下反复出现的关键词 optimiste可知，本段主要讲的是乐观的力量。故选B项。C项虽有关键词，但其句意与该段主旨不符。
13.F空前的 Those who are self-reliant are strong and not easily damaged.中的 Those wh和F项中的They相呼应。这里是说那些自力更生的人比那些不自力更生的人从压力和悲伤中恢复得更快。故选F项。
14.A本段主旨是“不要往回看”，结合选项可知A项和空前的We spend too much of our adult lives looking back.中的 looking back相呼应，其句意也符合语境。故选A项。
15.G最后一段是总结，最后作者说失败无好坏，关键在于如何从中学习。所以，问题不是你想不想失败，而是你的做法。再结合上文给出的几项建议，可知G项正确。故选G项。
第二部分语言运用
第一节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者去年的假期毀在了iPad上，所以今年作者决定逃离网络，开始读书。最终，作者在假期里成功抵制了网络的诱惑，并意识到了问题在于自己，而不在于iPad。
16.C 根据空后的 rmv cman可知，作者上网查看电子邮件。check the emil意为“查看电子邮件”。故选C项
17.A 根据 Instead of reading great novels和第三段中的 my favourite newspaper websites可知，作者没有读名著小说，而是每天在网上看报纸。故选A项。
18.B 根据前两句作者查看电子邮件和在网上读报这两件事可知，他的行为好像他依然在办公室一样。故选B项。
19.C 根据前一句中的 I was acting I were still in the office可知，此处作者感慨：身在度假，然而心还在办公。mind意为“心思符合语境。故选C项。
20.D 根据上文作者介绍的去年的度假情况和设空后的 getting away from the Internet可知，作者今年想过一个不一样的假期。故选D项。
21.A 根据设空前的 I knew it wouldn't be easy和设空后的 Im not go at self-control可知，后句是原因。since作连词，意为“因为；既然”。故选A项。
22.D 根据倒数第二段第一句中的 With determination and the strong support of my wife可知，此处作者是说他下定了决心。故选D项。
23.B 根据语境可知，作者为了远离网络把ad交给了妻子。hand意为“交；给”，符合语境，故选B项
24.C 根据后一句1was forced to carry out my plan.可知，手机信号在屋里又很糟糕。故选C项。
25.A 根据前一句 The mobile phones at our cabin was worse han in the past.可知，手机信号在屋里又很糟糕，所以此处作者说自己受到了限制。be trapped意为“受限制”。故选A项。
26.C 根据上文可知，作者的iPad交给了妻子，手机信号在屋里又很糟糕，所以此处作者是说他与电子邮件和最喜欢的报纸网站几乎隔绝了。take out意为“取出”；pull down意为“推倒”；cuto意为“切断；中断；隔绝”；carry away意为“带走”。故选C项。
27.B 根据设空前的 Largely from email and my favourite newspaper websites可知，作者几乎没有办法接触外面的世界。故选B项。
28.D 根据语境可知没了网络，作者除了按计划去读书，别无选择。have no choice but to do sth意为“除了做某事，别无选择。故选D项。
29.A 根据上下文可知，作者在假期里抵制网络的诱惑取得了成功。
ggle against意为“与…斗争”。故选A项
30.B 根据设空后的 it was me，of course，not the iPad，that was the可知，作者此处是说，他意识到问题出在他自己身上而不是iad上。故选B项。
31.D 根据第一段 Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modem convenience：the iPad.可知，开始作者认为是iPad毁了自己的假期，而现在作者意识到了是自己的问题。故选D项。
32.A 根据下一句作者的回答“Dom'need it，"可知，作者在拒绝了去星巴克里连接无线网络之后，他意识到他赢了这次斗争。故选A项
33.C 根据下文的 as we return to work，a test begins可知，此处作者是说，回去工作后，一个考验又开始了，表示转折。故选C项。
34.D 根据语境可知，此处是说，当作者回去工作时，他还能继续抵得住网络的诱惑吗？故选D项。
35.B 根据后一句 But I hope to resist the temptation to use it every five minutes.可知，作者不打算完全放弃iPad。give up意为“放弃”，故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文主要介紹了地震让巴基斯坦出现了一个新的岛屿。
36．an句意为：…但是巴基斯坦从最近的一次地震中收到了一个意外的奖励一座岛屿。reward是可数名词，此处是泛指，所以应用不定冠词，且 unexpected的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用an。
37.came come是定语从句中的谓语动词，根据后面的时间状语可知，应用一般过去时。故填came。
38.made本句中已有系动词is，故用非谓语动词。此处修饰名词island，island与make之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填made。
39.exactly修饰动词 knows应用副词。故填 exactly。
40.Others此处与前句 Some geologists think it is made of mud that ne from the sea noor during the earthquake.中的 Some geologists对应，这里是指 Other geologists，可用 Others代替。故填 Others。
41 which formed when hot underground water mixed with rocks and gases是非限制性定语从句，解释说明前面的amud olean，定语从句缺少主语，所以应用关系代词。故填 which。
42.luck在形容词 similar后作got的宾语应用名词。故填luck。
43.to appear当名词前有 first等序数词修饰时，后常用动词不定式作定语。故填 to appear。
44.but句意为：在1945年和2001年的地震后，那里也出现了两座新的岛屿，但是，两座岛屿都在一年内消失了。前后为转折关系，故填but。
45.to he similar to为固定搭配，意为“与…相似”。故填to。
第三部分 写作
第一节 应用文写作
【写作提示】
1.写作要点；（1）写信的目的；（2）给出具体建议；（3）希望问题得到
解决。
2.提分词句：lessen your fear and anxiety；tum to a doctor；that引导的定语从句；wha引导的宾语从句等。
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
I am sorry to hear that you just experienced an earthquake. I know you must be frightened and worried now. I have some advice that may help to lessen your fear and anxiety Firstly，don't spend any time alone. You should share your feelings with others. Secondly，you can talk with your family，friends or classmates，and let them know what you are thinking. Finally，if you feel too nervous or scared，you can turn to a doctor and ask for some treatment.
I hope you can recover from this disaster soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写
【写作提示】
1.原文关键词语分类
人物：The kids，my husband，the waitress
地点：the hotel，the store，in someone else's room
事件：my heart，black bag，suitcase，our things
2.线索梳理
（1）What would the young man do when he came in？
（2）When the waitress came in，what would she say？
（3）What is the end of the story？
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1
The door opened and in came a young man. After seeing me packing our things into our suitcase，he was shocked and angry. I tried to explain what had happened. However，he wouldn't listen to me. He talked with me in a loud voice， making my kids frightened. The kids began to cry. Just at that time my husband returned, with some things bought from the store in his hands. Thinking the young man was unfriendly，he started to quarrel with him.
Paragraph 2
I didn’t know how to deal with the matter but luckily the waitress arrived out of breath. Watching the waitress，all of us stopped talking. She explained that her mother became badly ill last night，which contributed to her fault. After explaining the reason to us，the waitress burst into tears. The young man，my husband and I，even my kids，tried to comfort the waitress We said sorry to each other. The special experience in someone else's room made me realise forgiveness is a kind of virtue.
17 / 17
第一部分阅读理解
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
[浙江诸暨中学2018高一期中]Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation，51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 p.m. or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7-to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15%said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest：most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal. But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35%of 10-to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime？ Watch TV.
More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities（机会）to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone, "says Dr Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing the levels of body chemicals called hormones not only makes teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also makes it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before II p.m.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7：25 a.m.to 8：30 a.m. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on？
A. Learning and sleeping problems. B. Teenagers' sleep-related diseases
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness D. American kids' sleeping habits
2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day？
A.7 hours B.10 hours C.8 hours D.18 hours
3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon？
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents' examples.
D. They don't need to go to school early.
B
When the sand began kicking up and hitting our faces, I started to worry that maybe we had made a mistake That afternoon, my dad had stood on the deck（屋后供休息的木制平台）of our home and laughed as our neighbours packed up their cars and headed inland. They left to spend the night in hotels or at friends' homes that were out of range of the approaching summer storm.
Challenging the weather that threatened to damp our spirits, we lit a fire on the beach. Dad told jokes and we had a good time. When it was 6：30 p.m., all laughter disappeared. Our eyes were drawn to the sky. A tornado（龙卷风）was heading straight to us！ In a flash， we were all on our feet. The wind started screaming and now we were running to the cottage. My mum stopped next to the front door." Where can we go？" she shouted at my dad.
Most cottages on this part of Lake Michigan had been built without basements. Ours was no exception. The huge window and the cottage itself wouldn’t offer safety from high wind.
"Follow me! "my dad yelled. We crawled (爬) beneath the deck, pressing ourselves against the foundation of the cottage. Between the deck supports, we watched the approaching storm in silent terror.
My dad shouted, "Hold on!" and something else I couldn't hear over the screaming wind. I think he was praying. By the time it reached our cottage, it was nothing more than a strong wind. The rest of the storm lasted for an hour and then simply blew away.
"Next time, we' ll stay inland at Grandma's. Okay " my dad said.
4. What did the family do before the storm came
A. They left the hotels. B. They packed up the cars.
C. They stayed on the beach. D. They visited their neighbours.
5. What was the family’s immediate action when they saw the tornado approach
A. Closing their eyes tightly. B. Praying in silent terror.
C. Crawling on the ground. D. Running away at once.
6. Where did the family stay in the storm
A. Under a deck B. In a basement C. Inside the car D. Behind a door
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. Life on the beach B. An Unusual Cottage
C. Surviving a storm D. My Admirable Family
C
[山东潍坊新高考质量测评联2019高一联考]Have you ever wondered what wild animals do when no one is watching？
Low cost, dependable and small modern cameras offered a big help. Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger snow-lowing cats in the northern Rocky Mountains. Scientists have been able to document the "private" moments of wildlife with leading technology.
Grant Harris is a government biologist with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In his words, "there’s no doubt that these wild cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife." Harris said some images help scientists see the effects of climate change.
Researchers with the Wyoming Migration Initiative，or WMI，are among those using wild cameras along with global positioning systems，or GPS. But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited, so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS. However, cameras can be left in very wild areas for days, weeks or even months. They can provide information on how many animals are moving over a given period of time.
Putting those cameras in place requires careful planning. Wild video can show details about animal behavior. However, wild cameras have their problems too. Animals such as wolverines and bears sometimes attack them. Scientists do not know if the attacks are the result of anger or interest. Also, the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way.
Even with such problems, wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animal.
8. What does the underlined word "document" in Paragraph 2 mean
A Remind. B. Enrich.
C. Appreciate. D. Record.
9. Which is a disadvantage of wild cameras
A. They might be stolen by people.
B. They provide limited information.
C. They cannot be placed in hard-to-reach areas.
D. They cannot be left in the wild over a long period.
10. What is the author's attitude towards wild cameras
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Uncertain. D. Uncaring.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
东北三省四市2018高一联考]根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We need to fail-failure is how we learn. If we never fail at anything, we probably haven’t learnt all that life has to teach us. But what can help us when we fail？
Never stop trying
11 If you really want to change some behaviour or learn to do something new, don't give up trying. You may get depressed by the lack of progress sometimes, but if you give up, your progress will come to an end.
12
While optimism（乐观）is the "new happiness" ，there is a certain power in optimistic thinking whether you believe it or not. Putting yourself in a more optimistic mindset can open you up to more possibilities than usual.
Learn to rely on yourself first, then others.
Those who are self-reliant（自力更生的）are strong and not easily damaged. 13 Becoming more self-reliant is easier than it sounds-become your own best friend, do everything that you can possibly do for yourself, and learn what your strengths and weaknesses are.
Don't look back.
We spend too much of our adult lives looking back. 14 Spend just 10 percent more of your time looking forward to what life holds for you in the future, and I suspect you'll find yourself in a better position.
Failure is a normal and natural part of life that is neither bad nor good-it's just how we learn. So the question isn’t whether you want to fail or not 15
A. There's nothing back there to see.
B. Understand the power of optimism.
C. Never be content with new happiness
D. Trying or learning something new is often half the battle.
E. but learning something new involves taking risks of failure.
F. They can bounce back from stress and heartbreak more quickly than those who aren’t.
G. but how quickly you can accept your failure, learn something from it, and try again.
第二部分 语言运用
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad.
Instead of looking at nature, I 16 my email Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading 17 newspapers each morning. And that was the problem: I was acting 18 I were still in the office. My body was on vacation but my 19 wasn't.
So this year I made up my mind to try something 20 : getting away from the Internet. I knew it wouldn't be easy， 21 I'm not good at self-control. But I was 22 . I started by 23 the iPad to my wife. Then, a stroke of luck: The mobile phone's 24 at our cabin（小木屋）was worse than in the past. I was 25 ，forced to carry out my plan. Largely 26 from email and my favourite newspaper websites, I had little way to 27 to the world. I had no 28 but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.
With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle 29 the Internet. I finally 30 that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the 31 .
I knew I had 32 when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi-Fi. "Don’t need it. "I said. 33, as we return to work, a test begins: Can I 34 when I'm back at work I don’t plan to 35 my iPad completely. But I hope to resist the temptation（诱惑）to use it every five minutes.
16. A. received B. selected C. checked D. removed
17. A. online B. informal C. local D. traditional
18. A.so that B. as if C. now that D. even though
19. A. opinion B. identity C. mind D. curiosity
20. A. attractive B. logical C. magical D. different
21.A. since B. unless C. though D.so
22. A. excited B. shocked C. frightened D. determined
23. A. showing B. handing C. sending D. introducing
24. A. quality B. design C. signal D. technology
25. A. trapped B. ignored C. injured D. persuaded
26. A. taken out B. pulled down C. cut off D. carried away
27. A. apply B. connect C. appeal D. turn
28. A. method B. goal C. trick D. choice
29. A. against B. for C. on D. to
30. A. expected B. realised C. permitted D. suggested
31. A. puzzle B. sign C. evidence D. problem
32. A. won B. forgotten C. suffered D. recovered
33. A. Somehow B. Anyway C. However D. Therefore
34. A. survive B. change C. escape D. continue
35. A. take apart B. give up C. turn to D. care about
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
[湖北襄阳五中2018高一月考]阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
An earthquake is certainly regarded as unlucky, but Pakistan received 36 unexpected reward from the recent earthquake--an island！
Pakistan now has a new island that magically 37 （come）into being after a strong earthquake on September 24.The island， 38 （make）of rock and mud, is round and has a very gentle slope. It measures 175.7 metres by 160 metres and is about 18 to 21 metres tall.
No one knows 39 （exact）how the new island formed. Some geologists think it is made of mud that came from the sea floor during the earthquake. 40 （other）believe that the new island came from a mud volcano， 41 formed when hot underground water mixed with rocks and gases.
Actually, Pakistan got similar 42 （lucky）many years ago. This new island isn't the first island 43 （appear in this country. After earthquakes in 1945 and 2001，two new islands also "grew" there， 44 both disappeared within a year. If this island is similar 45 the former two, it will also disappear within one year.
36.______ 37. _____ 38. _____ 39. _____ 40. _____
41.______ 42. _____ 43. _____ 44. _____ 45. ______
第三部分 写作
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Peter来信告诉你他的家乡刚刚发生一场地震。这场地震不仅造成了很大的损失，也给Perter留下了心理阴影。请根据以下要点，写一封信安慰他:
1.不要独处，而是与他人分享自己的感受；
2.多和家人、朋友交流；
3.可以求助于医生。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节读后续写（满分25分）
浙江宁波诺丁汉大学附中2018高一期中]阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Last summer when my family had a road trip to Montana we arrived in Great Falls late one night. The kids had fallen sleep in the car, so my husband went and checked in the hotel while I stayed with the kids. When he returned with the room keys, we woke up our children and took them out of the car, through the hotel, up the elevator and into our guest room. We kept the room dark, leaving only the entry light on, and quickly put the kids into bed hoping they’d drift back to sleep.
My husband went to put our water in the mini-fridge only to notice some beers." That’s strange, "he said and I agreed but having discovered left-behind drinks in hotel fridges in the past I didn’t think much about it. I figured the housekeepers had forgotten to check it. In the meantime, my husband ran to the store and I went into the bathroom to get ready for bed, As I washed my face I looked down to see cardboard beer containers in the trash, I felt my heart begin to pound. We were in someone else’s room!
Now feeling panic, I checked the closet. Nothing. I then went to the dresser drawers. Nothing. My eyes scanned the room's floor and there it was: a black bag that looked like one of ours. But it wasn't!
I immediately called the front desk and the waitress in charge responded with an "Oh, my God! This is not good!”
By now the kids were wide awake, jumping on the beds as I was trying to put all of our things back into our oversized suitcase. Just while we were packing our things, I heard someone was unlocking the door, which made my heart beat wildly.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
The door opened and in came a young man.________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
I didn’t know how to deal with the matter but luckily the waitress______________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
第一部分阅读理解
第一节
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。大多数美国孩子睡得少，这已经成为种很坏的习惯，本文就此现象进行了分析，找出其产生的原因并列出了应对措施。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段列举的一些数据可知，美国国家睡眠基金会的新调查是关于美国儿童的睡眠习惯的。故选D项。
2.B细节理解题。根据第二段第四句 For most school-age children，ten hours is ideal.可知，对于学龄儿童来说，他们每天需要10小时的睡眠。根据常识可知，11岁的孩子应是学龄儿童。故选B项。
3.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.可知，卡斯卡登认为导致青少年晚睡的原因是，一些睡前活动会让他们兴奋并且难以平静下来。故选B项。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一家人外出，在沙滩遭遇了龙卷风，最后得以脱险的故事
4.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的...we lit a fire on the beach...A tornado was heading straight to us！可知，当龙卷风到来时作者一家人正在沙滩上。故选C项。
5.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的 In a flash，we were all on our feet The wind started screaming and now we were running to the cottage.可知，龙卷风一来，作者一家人就开始跑。故选D项。
6.A细节理解题。根据第五段中的 We crawled beneath the deck, pressing ourselves against the foundation of the cottage. Between the deck supports, we watched the approaching storm in silent terror.可知，作者家人躲在了屋后供休息的木制平台下面。故选A项。
7.C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了作者一家人外出，在沙滩遭遇了龙卷风，最后得以脱险的故事。所以 Surviving a Storm（在风暴中幸存下来）为最佳题目。故选C项。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用来拍摄野生动物生活的野外照相机及它的优势和劣势。
8.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句及画线词所在句可知，科学家们已经能够用野外照相机拍摄许多野生动物的“私人”时刻，由此推知画线词的意思是“记录”。故选D项。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中…are among those using wild cameras along with global positioning systems，or GPS.But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited.so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS.可知，这些设备是有局限性的，所以他们可以从GPS上收集到的信息也是有限的。由此推知野外照相机提供有限的信息。故选B项。
10.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Even with such problems，wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animals.可知，即使有这样的问题，野外照相机显然还是研究野生动物的重要科学工具。由此可推知作者对野外照相机持积极的态度。故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了帮助我们从失败中恢复过来的建议。
11.D空后的 If you really want to change some behaviour or learn to do something new，don't give up trying.中的 something new与D项中的Trying or leaming something new相呼应，且D项意思与该段主题“不要停止尝试”契合。故选D项
12.B根据该标题下反复出现的关键词 optimiste可知，本段主要讲的是乐观的力量。故选B项。C项虽有关键词，但其句意与该段主旨不符。
13.F空前的 Those who are self-reliant are strong and not easily damaged.中的 Those wh和F项中的They相呼应。这里是说那些自力更生的人比那些不自力更生的人从压力和悲伤中恢复得更快。故选F项。
14.A本段主旨是“不要往回看”，结合选项可知A项和空前的We spend too much of our adult lives looking back.中的 looking back相呼应，其句意也符合语境。故选A项。
15.G最后一段是总结，最后作者说失败无好坏，关键在于如何从中学习。所以，问题不是你想不想失败，而是你的做法。再结合上文给出的几项建议，可知G项正确。故选G项。
第二部分语言运用
第一节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者去年的假期毀在了iPad上，所以今年作者决定逃离网络，开始读书。最终，作者在假期里成功抵制了网络的诱惑，并意识到了问题在于自己，而不在于iPad。
16.C 根据空后的 rmv cman可知，作者上网查看电子邮件。check the emil意为“查看电子邮件”。故选C项
17.A 根据 Instead of reading great novels和第三段中的 my favourite newspaper websites可知，作者没有读名著小说，而是每天在网上看报纸。故选A项。
18.B 根据前两句作者查看电子邮件和在网上读报这两件事可知，他的行为好像他依然在办公室一样。故选B项。
19.C 根据前一句中的 I was acting I were still in the office可知，此处作者感慨：身在度假，然而心还在办公。mind意为“心思符合语境。故选C项。
20.D 根据上文作者介绍的去年的度假情况和设空后的 getting away from the Internet可知，作者今年想过一个不一样的假期。故选D项。
21.A 根据设空前的 I knew it wouldn't be easy和设空后的 Im not go at self-control可知，后句是原因。since作连词，意为“因为；既然”。故选A项。
22.D 根据倒数第二段第一句中的 With determination and the strong support of my wife可知，此处作者是说他下定了决心。故选D项。
23.B 根据语境可知，作者为了远离网络把ad交给了妻子。hand意为“交；给”，符合语境，故选B项
24.C 根据后一句1was forced to carry out my plan.可知，手机信号在屋里又很糟糕。故选C项。
25.A 根据前一句 The mobile phones at our cabin was worse han in the past.可知，手机信号在屋里又很糟糕，所以此处作者说自己受到了限制。be trapped意为“受限制”。故选A项。
26.C 根据上文可知，作者的iPad交给了妻子，手机信号在屋里又很糟糕，所以此处作者是说他与电子邮件和最喜欢的报纸网站几乎隔绝了。take out意为“取出”；pull down意为“推倒”；cuto意为“切断；中断；隔绝”；carry away意为“带走”。故选C项。
27.B 根据设空前的 Largely from email and my favourite newspaper websites可知，作者几乎没有办法接触外面的世界。故选B项。
28.D 根据语境可知没了网络，作者除了按计划去读书，别无选择。have no choice but to do sth意为“除了做某事，别无选择。故选D项。
29.A 根据上下文可知，作者在假期里抵制网络的诱惑取得了成功。
ggle against意为“与…斗争”。故选A项
30.B 根据设空后的 it was me，of course，not the iPad，that was the可知，作者此处是说，他意识到问题出在他自己身上而不是iad上。故选B项。
31.D 根据第一段 Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modem convenience：the iPad.可知，开始作者认为是iPad毁了自己的假期，而现在作者意识到了是自己的问题。故选D项。
32.A 根据下一句作者的回答“Dom'need it，"可知，作者在拒绝了去星巴克里连接无线网络之后，他意识到他赢了这次斗争。故选A项
33.C 根据下文的 as we return to work，a test begins可知，此处作者是说，回去工作后，一个考验又开始了，表示转折。故选C项。
34.D 根据语境可知，此处是说，当作者回去工作时，他还能继续抵得住网络的诱惑吗？故选D项。
35.B 根据后一句 But I hope to resist the temptation to use it every five minutes.可知，作者不打算完全放弃iPad。give up意为“放弃”，故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文主要介紹了地震让巴基斯坦出现了一个新的岛屿。
36．an句意为：…但是巴基斯坦从最近的一次地震中收到了一个意外的奖励一座岛屿。reward是可数名词，此处是泛指，所以应用不定冠词，且 unexpected的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用an。
37.came come是定语从句中的谓语动词，根据后面的时间状语可知，应用一般过去时。故填came。
38.made本句中已有系动词is，故用非谓语动词。此处修饰名词island，island与make之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填made。
39.exactly修饰动词 knows应用副词。故填 exactly。
40.Others此处与前句 Some geologists think it is made of mud that ne from the sea noor during the earthquake.中的 Some geologists对应，这里是指 Other geologists，可用 Others代替。故填 Others。
41 which formed when hot underground water mixed with rocks and gases是非限制性定语从句，解释说明前面的amud olean，定语从句缺少主语，所以应用关系代词。故填 which。
42.luck在形容词 similar后作got的宾语应用名词。故填luck。
43.to appear当名词前有 first等序数词修饰时，后常用动词不定式作定语。故填 to appear。
44.but句意为：在1945年和2001年的地震后，那里也出现了两座新的岛屿，但是，两座岛屿都在一年内消失了。前后为转折关系，故填but。
45.to he similar to为固定搭配，意为“与…相似”。故填to。
第三部分 写作
第一节 应用文写作
【写作提示】
1.写作要点；（1）写信的目的；（2）给出具体建议；（3）希望问题得到
解决。
2.提分词句：lessen your fear and anxiety；tum to a doctor；that引导的定语从句；wha引导的宾语从句等。
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
I am sorry to hear that you just experienced an earthquake. I know you must be frightened and worried now. I have some advice that may help to lessen your fear and anxiety Firstly，don't spend any time alone. You should share your feelings with others. Secondly，you can talk with your family，friends or classmates，and let them know what you are thinking. Finally，if you feel too nervous or scared，you can turn to a doctor and ask for some treatment.
I hope you can recover from this disaster soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写
【写作提示】
1.原文关键词语分类
人物：The kids，my husband，the waitress
地点：the hotel，the store，in someone else's room
事件：my heart，black bag，suitcase，our things
2.线索梳理
（1）What would the young man do when he came in？
（2）When the waitress came in，what would she say？
（3）What is the end of the story？
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1
The door opened and in came a young man. After seeing me packing our things into our suitcase，he was shocked and angry. I tried to explain what had happened. However，he wouldn't listen to me. He talked with me in a loud voice， making my kids frightened. The kids began to cry. Just at that time my husband returned, with some things bought from the store in his hands. Thinking the young man was unfriendly，he started to quarrel with him.
Paragraph 2
I didn’t know how to deal with the matter but luckily the waitress arrived out of breath. Watching the waitress，all of us stopped talking. She explained that her mother became badly ill last night，which contributed to her fault. After explaining the reason to us，the waitress burst into tears. The young man，my husband and I，even my kids，tried to comfort the waitress We said sorry to each other. The special experience in someone else's room made me realise forgiveness is a kind of virtue.
17 / 17