专题十二 阅读表达
分类训练一 记叙文
Passage 1(2020北京)
This 12 year old Girl Built a
Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there. She reached down to pick them up, and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with. It seemed impossible to clean them all up.
Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by doing a little research. That’s how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year.
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem: a remote operated vehicle (遥控潜水器), or ROV. Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
The actually cool part of Du’s ROV is the detection (探测)system. She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics. She also uses visible (可见的) light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.
“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it,” says engineer Casey Machado. “It sounds simple, but it’s a level of thinking that’s really amazing.”
Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old, and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV. She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy. She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
When asked about future plans, she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate(气候)change. “I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions,” says Du.
Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math(STEM). She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there.
“I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems,” says Du. “But I’m not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet.”
1.What did Anna Du notice while walking along the beach
2.How old was Du when she did a little research to solve the problem
3.What can Du’s ROV do
4.Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future
5.What made Du succeed in building her ROV
答案
语篇解读 杜安娜在海边散步时,发现海边有很多塑料垃圾,她在捡拾过程中发现靠她一己之力去处理这么多的塑料垃圾是不可能的,于是萌发了设计制作遥控潜水器的想法。这个遥控潜水器可以帮助人类到海底去捡拾塑料垃圾。
1.She noticed plastics./Plastics. 根据题干中的“while walking along the beach”定位到第一段第一句话“Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there.”。由此可知答案。
2.Twelve years old. 根据题干中的“when she did a little research to solve the problem”定位到第二段第一句话“Du,12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by doing a little research.”。由此可知答案。
3.Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor. 根据题干中的ROV do定位到第三段第二句。由此可知答案。
4.Because she likes building things to help solve world problems. 根据最后一段第一句话可以得知,杜安娜想成为一名工程师,是因为她喜欢去创造事物以解决世界问题。所以可知此题的答案。
5.A good engineering sense, the spirit of never giving up and the support from her parents. 本文从几方面说明了杜安娜能成功制造出她的遥控潜水器的原因。从第五段第一句中的“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem”、第六段最后一句“She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.”以及第八段第一句“Du thanks her parents...for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math(STEM).”可知,是这些因素促使她成功。
分类训练二 说明文
Passage 2(2019北京)
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice
Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋). Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪)in the arctic waters.
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice.
“We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(裂缝)around,” he remembers.
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.
Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship’s navigation(航行)system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.
1.When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters
2.Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip
3.What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe
4.How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system
5.What is Paragraph 7 mainly about
答案
语篇解读 本文介绍了科学家Aleksey Marchenko和他的学生在北冰洋做调查研究时遇到巨浪的经历,并分析了这些巨浪给航海者和当地人带来的威胁。
1.In May,2010. 根据关键词“When”和“discover huge waves”定位到第二段第一句话“The waves were discovered by accident in May,2010.”可知答案。
2.To study the icy waters. 根据关键词“Why”和“set out on the trip”定位到第二段最后两句话,由此可知答案。
3.He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice. 根据关键词“to keep safe”可定位到第五段第一句“He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.”。
4.More than 20 feet in height. 根据关键词“How high”和“the largest waves”定位到第六段第二、三句,由此可知答案。
5.The danger of huge waves to people and wildlife there. 该段说明了这些巨浪对航海者和当地人以及野生生物们来说是很大的威胁。
词汇积累 increase v.增加;by accident偶然地;force v.迫使,强迫;break into使……破,裂,碎;within prep.在……内
长难句分析 1.The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. 他认为,他们越往里,冰层就越坚硬。
此处为“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”的句型,表示“越……就越……”
2.The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. 海浪是如此强大,以至于它们迫使巨大的冰块上下跳动,仅在一个小时内就将冰块打碎成更小的碎片。
此句中so...that...引导的结果状语从句,表示“如此……以至于……”。
3.That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. 对于那些对巨浪毫无准备或依赖海冰保护的航海家和当地居民来说,那可能是危险的。此句中who引导定语从句。
分类训练三 议论文
Passage 3(2022北京)
Working Out through Online Videos
Physical exercise is good for our mind, body and spirit. Today, working out through online videos is becoming very popular. Since the Internet is widely used, it’s very easy for us to do so. That means we can work out anytime anywhere.
One of my friends, Lin Fei, followed short workout videos to do daily exercise. “With live programs, I feel like working out with my friends, which encourages me to hold on to the last minute,” she said. Another friend of mine, Michael, told me that workout videos let him feel so comfortable. “I have a fear of working out at the gym(健身房), because I don’t like being watched by others. Working out at home makes working out much more enjoyable,” he said.
With their examples, I decided to give it a try. When I told my plan to my elder sister, a P.E. teacher, she reminded me that workout videos could be helpful but might still carry some problems.
“Without being with someone in person, you will be less willing(愿意的) to work out to your best. Working out at the gym allows you to have advice in real time and get pushed harder,” my sister said to me. “Well, if you really want to have a try, first, choose proper programs or videos. That’s very important. And then ask your friends for advice. Their experiences can give you a good sight into what you can expect. Anyway, don’t be addicted(沉迷的) to it. You should try different ways to work out to be healthy.”
At her suggestions, I finally followed an online workout program with personalized help that is held for three months. After the first period of training, I felt it very practical and helpful when I put in the right amount(量) of work along with a strong pared with going to the gym, using online videos to work out is a much cheaper and time saving choice. But it can be difficult sometimes when I’m too lazy or too busy to stick to it.
1.Which way to work out is becoming very popular today
2.Why does Michael dislike working out at the gym
3.What is the problem of working out without someone else in person
4.How did the writer feel about his first period of training
5.Would you like to follow online videos to work out Why or why not
答案
语篇解读 本篇文章体裁为议论文,主要论述通过在线视频健身的优点和缺点。主题语境属于“人与自我”主题范畴中的“生活与学习”这一主题群,涉及的子主题为“运动与游戏”。
1.Working out through online videos. 根据第一段第二句“Today, working out through online videos is becoming very popular.”可知,如今,通过在线视频健身正变得非常流行。
2.Because he doesn’t like being watched by others. 从第二段中的“I have a fear of working out at the gym, because I don’t like being watched by others.”可知,他不喜欢在健身房锻炼,是因为他不喜欢被别人看着。
3.People will be less willing to work out to their best. 从第四段中的“Without being with someone in person, you will be less willing to work out to your best.”可知,如果没有亲自和某个人在一起,人们就不太愿意尽最大努力去锻炼。
4.Very practical and helpful. 根据第五段前两句可知,作者觉得自己的第一段锻炼非常切实可行和有用。
5.Yes, I’d like to. Because we can work out anytime anywhere./Because we will feel comfortable without being watched by others./Because working out at home makes working out much more enjoyable./Because using online videos to work out is a much cheaper and time saving choice.
No, because it can be difficult sometimes when we are too lazy or too busy to stick to it./No, because we will less willing to work out to our best./No, because you can’t get advice from others. 此题为开放性试题,言之有理即可。(此答案仅供参考)
技巧点拨 开放性试题答案言之有理即可。我们可以从文中找到需要的信息,如果喜欢看视频健身,我们就在文章中找看视频健身的优点,以支持自己的观点;如果不喜欢看视频健身,我们可以在文章中找关于看视频健身的缺点,以支持自己的观点。当然,为了更好地陈述观点,做到有理有据,平时我们应多关注生活中的热点话题。
Passage 4(2018北京)
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for “fail”. The word “fail” happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “not passing” or “fail”. Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory”, or I grade for “incomplete”.
Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:
A:95%—100%(excellent)
B:85%—94%(good)
C:76%—84%(fair)
D:75%(barely passed)
E:below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually, the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.
Why do we have letter grades Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.
Today, more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映) student learning. However, as teachers try to improve grading methods, many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids. They are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.
1.What does an F stand for in the A,B,C,D and F grading system
2.When was the letter grading system first used in the US college
3.What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade
4.What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century
5.Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today
答案
语篇解读 本文介绍了英文字母等级评价体系的历史发展进程并讲述了字母E这一等级缺失的历史渊源。
1.It stands for “fail”. 根据第二段第二句话可知答案。
2.It was first used in 1897. 根据第四段可知答案。
3.Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”. 根据第六段第三句话可知答案。
4.They thought it was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students. 根据第七段的最后一句话可知答案。
5.Because they are familiar and easy for parents to understand. 根据文章最后一段的第三句话可知答案。
长难句分析 The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College.美国第一所采用像我们今天使用的字母评分系统的学院是蒙特霍利约克学院。
这是一个主从复合句,“the ones”由省略了关系代词的定语从句“we use today”修饰。主句中谓语动词是系动词“is”,表语是“Mount Holyoke College”。
重点词汇 fail v.失败,不及格,倒闭;explanation n.解释,说明;familiar adj.熟悉的;excellent adj.优秀的,卓越的,杰出的;scale n.规模,比例,级别
词汇积累 unsatisfactory adj.不能令人满意的;evidence n.证据;reflect v.反映;leave out 遗漏,省略,忽略,未提及;grading system评分系统;satisfaction n.满意;inclusion n.包含
模拟检测一 名人传记+品牌故事+爱心活动
Passage 1(2021石景山一模)
Sylvia Earle is one of the world’s most famous ocean (海洋) scientists. She loves to go diving (潜水) in the ocean. She has spent a lot of her life both in and under the waves. Earle has led more than a hundred explorations and she set a record for diving in 1,000 meter deep water on her own. In total, she has spent more than 7,000 hours underwater.
Earle describes the first time she went to the ocean, “I was three years old and I got knocked over by a wave (波浪). The ocean certainly got my attention! It was exciting. And since then, I have been attracted by life in the ocean.”
Now, Earle’s job is to focus on developing a worldwide network of areas on the land and in the ocean. This network will protect and support the living systems that are important to the planet. She explains why this is important, “When I first went to the Gulf of Mexico in the 1950s, the sea looked huge and blue. It seemed to be too large and too wild to be destroyed by the action of people. Then, in only several tens of years, the blue wilderness of my childhood disappeared. By the end of the 20th century, about 90 percent of the sharks, whales, and many other large creatures had disappeared from the gulf. They had been there for millions of years.”
Some people don’t understand why the ocean is so important to life on Earth. Earle explains, “The ocean is the foundation of our life support system. The ocean is alive. The living things in the ocean produce O2 and take in CO2. If we don’t have the ocean, we don’t have a planet that works.”
The Gulf of Mexico has had many problems, especially after the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster (灾难) of 2010, but Earle says, “In 2003 I found good signs in clear, deep water far from the mouth of the Mississippi River. It was full of life. Large areas of the gulf are not destroyed. Protecting the most important places will be good for the future of the Gulf and for all of us.”
1.Who is Sylvia Earle
2.How long has Earle spent underwater in total
3.When did Earle get knocked over by a wave
4.What will Earle’s worldwide network do
5.Why does Earle think the ocean is important to life on Earth
答案
语篇解读 本文介绍了世界上最著名的海洋科学家之一西尔维亚·厄尔的故事以及她为保护海洋所作的贡献。
1.Sylvia Earle is one of the world’s most famous ocean scientists. 根据第一段第一句“Sylvia Earle is one of the world’s most famous ocean scientists.”可知答案。
2.More than 7,000 hours. 由第一段最后一句“In total, she has spent more than 7,000 hours underwater.”可知答案。
3.When she was three years old. 通过第二段中“I was three years old and I got knocked over by a wave.”可知答案。
4.It will protect and support the living systems that are important to the planet. 由第三段第一、二句“Now, Earle’s job is to focus on developing a worldwide network of areas on the land and in the ocean. This network will protect and support the living systems that are important to the planet.”可知答案。
5.The ocean is the foundation of our life support system. 通过第四段中“The ocean is the foundation of our life support system. The ocean is alive. The living things in the ocean produce O2 and take in CO2. If we don’t have the ocean, we don’t have a planet that works.”可得出答案。
Passage 2(2021石景山二模)
You Can Choose Your Grandma!
Have you heard of Golden Hook Golden Hook is a group of twenty grandmas and a young man with a clever business idea. They make beautiful, handmade, wool hats and sell them all around the world. You don’t buy Golden Hook hats in a shop. If you want one, you go to their website and choose the style, size and colour you want. Then you look at photos and choose a grandma. The grandma knits (织) the hat by hand just for you. One week later, you get the hat with a special message from the grandma inside. You can see people wearing Golden Hook hats in Paris, London, Tokyo and New York. People love the hats because every hat is different.
Golden Hook was started in Paris, by Jeremy Emsellem. In 2005, when he was 19, Jeremy began knitting hats for fun. He wore the hats in class, and other students really liked them. Everyone wanted one! Jeremy made hats for 50 students, but he didn’t have time to make hats for everyone. Then, in 2007, he visited his old aunt and had an idea. His aunt and her friends were all grandmothers. They didn’t have a job and they didn’t look after their children, so they had lots of time. They were really bored. They were also very good at knitting. Jeremy talked to his aunt’s friends. He asked them if they wanted to make his hats. Six of the grandmothers said “Yes”. In 2008, Jeremy started the Golden Hook company and set up the website. In the first year, they only sold 300 hats, but the company expanded quickly. Soon after, in 2010, Golden Hook employed 20 grandmas. 2012, a famous shop introduced the hats to Tokyo—Japanese people loved the grandma’s hats. In the future, Jeremy’s goal is to have Golden Hook Grandmas all over the world.
With Golden Hook, everyone wins. The customers get excellent hats. The grandmas get money, and something interesting to do. And Jeremy Jeremy is 25, and the CEO of an international company.
1.What is Golden Hook
2.Why do people like Golden Hook hats
3.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
4.What is Jeremy’s future goal
5.Why does everyone win with Golden Hook
答案
语篇解读 本文讲述了Jeremy Emsellem创办Golden Hook品牌的故事。
1.Golden Hook is a group of twenty grandmas and a young man with a clever business idea. 由第一段第二句可知答案。
2.Because every hat is different. 根据文章第一段最后一句“People love the hats because every hat is different.”可知答案。
3.How Golden Hook was started and developed. 第二段主要讲述了Golden Hook是如何创办和发展的。
4.To have Golden Hook Grandmas all over the world. 根据文章第二段最后一句“In the future, Jeremy’s goal is to have Golden Hook Grandmas all over the world.”可知答案。
5.The customers get excellent hats, the grandmas get money and something interesting to do and Jeremy has become the CEO of an international company./Everyone gets what they want. 由最后一段“With Golden Hook, everyone wins. The customers get excellent hats. The grandmas get money, and something interesting to do. And Jeremy Jeremy is 25, and the CEO of an international company.”可知答案。
Passage 3(2021西城一模)
When it comes to celebrations, birthday parties can be one of the important of the whole year. The gifts, the singing, the candle blowing... Basically, they’re all the best things thrown together into one day. But birthdays aren’t always fun for everyone. For example, homeless children might not get anything at all for their special day. That’s why 17 year old Daryn Dusansky decided to start The Balloon Project. It celebrates monthly birthdays for children living in homeless shelters (收容所) with the help of some volunteers. Dusansky’s dream: to bring smiles to all kids’ faces on their birthdays.
As teenagers, they met many challenges at the beginning. One of the biggest was to make others believe that The Balloon Project was dependable and that there would be a party each month. Each party is not easy as there are many things that have to be managed. Luckily, The Balloon Project volunteers want each party to be better than the last and can be counted on to make that happen.
Getting The Balloon Project off the ground required many leadership qualities (品质) which Dusansky did not know she owned. Working hard, focusing on solutions, and connecting with people are all necessary qualities that have made The Balloon Project a success.
Offering services to those in need and creating a positive influence are important in being an active member of a community. Community service teaches life lessons often not taught in school. At one party, a little boy and his father came up to thank her for holding the boy’s first organized birthday party. Dusansky then thanked them for teaching her something, too. The father, who lived in a shelter with his son, looked at her, puzzled, as if he was not worthy of teaching her anything. Dusansky explained to him that he had taught her to have the courage to ask for help when needed. She will never forget his hug.
Find a cause that interests you. Dusansky loves birthday celebrations and wants disadvantaged children to have the opportunity to celebrate, too. Love is passed on easily—it encourages people to help and volunteer.
1.How old was Dusansky when she decided to start The Balloon Project
2.Who does The Balloon Project help
3.What was one of the biggest challenges in running The Balloon Project
4.What did Dusansky learn from the father
5.What do you think of Dusansky
答案
语篇解读 本文介绍了Dusansky开发了一个项目来帮助收容所的孩子过生日的故事。
1.17 (years old). 根据第一段第六句“That’s why 17 year old Daryn Dusansky decided to start The Balloon Project.”可知答案。
2.Children living in homeless shelters. 根据第一段的倒数第二句“It celebrates monthly birthdays for children living in homeless shelters with the help of some volunteers.”可知答案。
3.To make others trust them. 根据第二段第二句中“One of the biggest was to make others believe that The Balloon Project was dependable”可知答案。
4.She learnt/learned to have the courage to ask for help when needed. 根据倒数第二段的倒数第二句“Dusansky explained to him that he had taught her to have the courage to ask for help when needed.”可知答案。
5.I think she is a caring girl with superior ability. 通过归纳第一段最后一句“Dusansky’s dream: to bring smiles to all kids’ faces on their birthdays.”和第三段最后一句“Working hard, focusing on solutions, and connecting with people are all necessary qualities that have made The Balloon Project a success.”可知答案。
重点词汇 special adj.特别的,特殊的 challenge n.挑战 connect with 与……(融洽地)沟通,相处
长难句分析 Getting The Balloon Project off the ground required many leadership qualities which Dusansky did not know she owned. 要使气球项目顺利实施,需要许多领导才能,这些才能Dusansky都不知道自己具备。
本句中含有一个由which引导的定语从句。
模拟检测二 风俗习惯+社会生活+人物传记
Passage 1(2021朝阳一模)
British people are famous for saying sorry in almost every situation. They say “sorry” for asking a question, for their bad weather or because they sneezed (打喷嚏).
British people pride themselves on their polite manners towards one another in public. As a result, they use the word “sorry” quite a lot—even when they don’t really mean it! Usually, if they want to ask a stranger for the time, they would start by saying, “Sorry to bother(打扰) you. Do you know what time it is ” If they are five minutes late for a date, they would generally greet the person by saying, “Sorry, I’m late!”
That they say sorry does not only mean they feel sad for someone else because of their problems or bad luck. In the dictionary, “sorry” also means feeling regret because they have done something wrong. And now, think about this. Normally, when they want to ask a stranger a question, they start with “Sorry to bother you”. In this situation, they aren’t saying sorry because they feel sad for that person or because they feel regret.
In the British culture, saying sorry, in general, is a way to be polite, especially to people who they don’t know very well. Besides, it also can bring them other benefits in their daily life. In a recent experiment, an actor asked different strangers on a rainy day if he could use their mobile phones to make a call. When he asked one group of strangers and asked them without saying sorry first, he was only 9% successful in borrowing their phones. However, when he said sorry to another group of strangers about the bad weather before asking if he could use their mobile phones, he was 47% successful.
1.Do British people say sorry for asking a question
2.Why do British people often use the word “sorry” quite a lot
3.What do British people say if they are five minutes late for a date
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph
5.What does “sorry” mean to British people
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国人几乎在每个场合都会说“sorry”。具体描述了“sorry”对英国人的意义与益处。
1.Yes./Yes, they do. 根据文章第一段第二句中“They say ‘sorry’ for asking a question”可知应该作肯定回答。
2.Because British people pride themselves on their polite manners towards one another in public. 根据第二段第一句“British people pride themselves on their polite manners towards one another in public. As a result, they use the word ‘sorry’ quite a lot”可知答案。
3.Sorry, I’m late. 根据第二段最后一句“If they are five minutes late for a date, they would generally greet the person by saying, ‘Sorry, I’m late!’”可知本题答案。
4.The benefits of saying sorry. 题干要求概括最后一段的大意。根据本段第一句中“In the British culture, saying sorry, in general, is a way to be polite” 和第二句“Besides, it also can bring them other benefits in their daily life.”中的关键词 “other benefits”以及后面的实验得知本段说明了说“sorry”的益处。
5.It means feeling sad, feeling regret and being polite. 根据文章第三段的“That they say sorry does not only mean they feel sad for someone else because of their problems or bad luck. In the dictionary, ‘sorry’ also means feeling regret” 及第四段第一句中“In the British culture, saying sorry, in general, is a way to be polite” 得知本题答案。
重点词汇 situation n.情况,形势 regret n.遗憾,抱歉 benefit n.好处,益处
长难句分析 In the British culture, saying sorry, in general, is a way to be polite, especially to people who they don’t know very well. 在英国文化中,说对不起,一般来说,是一种礼貌的方式,尤其是对不太熟悉的人。
本句为主从复合句,who引导的定语从句修饰people。
Passage 2(2021海淀一模)
People in Clifftop Village Moving to New Homes
So far, many people from poor areas have benefited from the government’s poverty relief policies (脱贫政策). As part of the nation’s poverty relief program, eighty two families in the clifftop village of Atuleer in Sichuan are preparing to move to new apartments. “The government has bought new furniture for each new home. Our new apartments have kitchens and toilets with running water. We only need to take clothes and quilts there,” Mou’se Subure, a young man from Atuleer said. “We used to live in adobe (土坯) houses and have never seen such nice apartments.”
The village is at the top of a 1,400 meter cliff. Villagers used an 800 meter rattan (藤) ladders with no railings(栏杆) to reach the nearest market several kilometers away once a week to sell peppers and walnuts, and to buy necessities. The ladders were their only way to the outside world. The villagers were very poor, with an income of about 3,000 yuan per year.
Three years ago, the village caught the attention of the government. Soon the government spent one million yuan on a steel ladder with a handrail that has cut travel time to the nearest town from three hours to one. Now, a total of 84 families—most of the villagers—will settle in their new apartments 75 km away. The members of two families were so excited about their new homes that they moved on Monday, one day ahead of schedule.
In 2016, a newspaper published some photos showing students climbing rattan ladders, so more and more tourists went to see the rattan ladders. And some even tried to climb them.
After the 84 families move, Atuleer will see new tourism development. A cable car will be used to transport tourists to the village and nearby canyons (峡谷) will be developed. Some 30 better off families will remain in the village and work in the tourist industry, running rural inns, showing tourists around and carrying bags to make money.
Shaking off poverty is not the finish line, but the starting point of a new life.
1.Who has bought new furniture for each new home
2.What kind of houses did the villagers live in before moving
3.How much did the government spend on the steel ladder
4.Why did more and more tourists go to see the rattan ladders on the cliff
5.What do you think of the villagers’ shaking off poverty
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了政府帮助四川的一个悬崖村搬到新家,摆脱贫困的事件。
1.The government (has bought new furniture for each new home). 根据文章第一段中“The government has bought new furniture for each new home.”得知本题答案。
2.They/The villagers lived/used to live in adobe houses.根据文章第一段最后一句中“We used to live in adobe houses” 得知本题答案。
3.The government spent one million yuan (on the steel ladder). 根据文章第三段第二句话中“Soon the government spent one million yuan on a steel ladder”得知本题答案。
4.Because a newspaper published some photos showing students climbing rattan ladders. 根据文章倒数第三段中“a newspaper published some photos showing students climbing rattan ladders, so more and more tourists went to see the rattan ladders”得知本题答案。
5.Their shaking off poverty is not the finish line, but the starting point of a new life. /They have benefited from the government’s poverty relief policies. 根据文章的首尾两段可知答案。
高级语块 benefit from 受益于…… shake off 摆脱
Passage 3(2022朝阳一模)
At the 2022 Winter Olympics Su Yiming became the first Chinese snowboarder to win a gold medal in the men’s big air event. Behind the huge success is hard work.
Back in 2018,the 14 year old boy was faced with a difficult decision: To be as an actor, or to go all in on snowboarding. With the 2022 Winter Olympics approaching(临近), the teenager saw an opportunity. “Snowboarding was something I enjoyed the most, and this was a chance to take part in my own home country.”
Su first stepped on a snowboard at around age 4, with the support of his parents. His first snowboard came from his father and it was a lot taller than Su back then. However, Su almost fell in love with the sport immediately. Talking about his parents, Su said, “No matter what decision I made, they’ve always supported me and believed in me.”
“I only have one word to describe my feelings for snowboarding—it’s love, deep from my heart,” Su said. “It’s my happiest moment when I stand on the snowboard no matter how long I train, even for seven or eight hours at most at a time.”
After the competitions, Su Yiming wrote a letter to President Xi to express his resolve(决心) to continue working hard. Su said in his letter that he was born in a great country and raised in the best times. To his surprise, he got a reply. President Xi expressed his hope for young Chinese to keep the motherland at heart, aim high, and have their feet firmly on the ground. “This has encouraged me to work even harder in the future. I shall contribute(贡献) all my strength to my own country and win glory(荣耀) for China’s winter sports,” said Su.
Su Yiming hopes his story could excite more young people to embrace(拥抱)winter sports and face challenges in their lives.
1.Was Su Yiming faced with a difficult decision in 2018
2.When did Su Yiming first step on a snowboard
3.How long does Su train at most at a time
4.Why did Su Yiming write to President Xi
5.What made Su Yiming succeed at the 2022 Winter Olympics
答案
语篇解读 本文讲述了冬奥会滑板运动员苏翊鸣成为专业的单板滑雪运动员的因素,即父母的支持、对单板滑雪的酷爱和努力挑战自我的精神,还有他对祖国的热爱和为祖国争光的决心。
1.Yes, he was. 从第二自然段中的Back in 2018, the 14 year old boy was faced with a difficult decision可知,早在2018年,这个14岁的男孩就面临着一个艰难的决定.
2.At around age 4. 从第三自然段中的Su first stepped on a snowboard at around age 4可知,苏第一次踏上滑雪板是在4岁左右。
3.For seven or eight hours. 从第四自然段中的no matter how long I train, even for seven or eight hours at most at a time可知,一次最多七八个小时。
4.To express his resolve to continue working hard. 从第五自然段第一句After the competitions, Su Yiming wrote a letter to President Xi to express his resolve to continue working hard.可知,比赛结束后,苏翊鸣写信给习近平主席,表达了他继续努力工作的决心。
5.His love for the game, hard work and his parents’ support. 本题为总结概括题。本篇文章为人物传记,所以通常我们需在每段中找出细节信息以总结概括。从第三段中可知,父母一直都很支持苏翊鸣,所以我们得出他的成功和父母的支持是分不开的(his parents’ support);在第四段中通过苏说的话和他长时间的训练可知,他对此项运动非常热爱并且非常努力(his love for the game and hard work);在最后两段中还体现苏为祖国争光的决心(his resolution),我们在总结概括时也可以把这点写在答案里。
模拟检测三 饮食习惯+环境保护+传统文化
Passage 1(2022大兴一模)
Eating Disorders
An eating disorder is a kind of illness in which a person does not eat in a normal or healthy way.
In the United States, restrictions on COVID 19 are loosening; however, eating disorder cases are on the rise. Experts warn that being alone and feeling anxious can increase the harmfulness of eating disorders.
“We are certainly seeing great increases,” said Jennifer Wildes who is an associate psychiatry professor at the University of Chicago Medicine. She told the reporter that some patients are waiting to five months to get mental health treatment and medical care. Before COVID 19, she added, the wait time was usually only a few weeks. Recently, Wildes’ program treats about 100 patients. Before COVID 19, the number of patients was half that number.
Another treatment program for eating disorders at the University of Minnesota is experiencing the same thing. Daily calls to its program from people asking for treatment have doubled. In 2019, there were about 60 calls a day. “Since COVID 19 began, that number is up to 130 calls a day,” said Jillian Lampert, who is one of the leaders of the program.
Because of COVID 19, some people make themselves eat a lot as a way to deal with the feeling of “out of control”. Other people are doing the opposite of things. They are taking the message of “don’t gain COVID 19 weight” too strictly. They are reducing their meals to the point of anorexia(厌食症). Bulimic(贪食) is also a kind of eating disorder. Bulimic people eat a large amount of food and then force themselves to throw it up.
A study of electronic medical records from about 80 U.S. hospitals found a 30 percent increase of eating disorder starting after March 2020,compared with numbers from 2018 and 2019. The leader of the study, Dr. Dave Little, said that the COVID 19 pandemic has given society, and in particular young people, a lot of mental health difficulties.
Here are some signs of eating disorders from the U. S. National Eating Disorders Organization.
Thinking about weight, body size, and food too much.
Seem uneasy eating around others.
Restrictions on types of food, for example, bread or sugar.
Avoiding usual friends and social activities.
Extreme change in mood and behavior.
1.What is an eating disorder
2.What can increase the harmfulness of eating disorders
3.How many patients does Wildes’ program treat recently
4.What are bulimic people like
5. What do you think of eating disorders What will you do
答案
语篇解读 本文讲述了新冠肺炎以来在美国一些人饮食失调的问题。饮食失调是指一个人不以正常的或是健康的方式进食的一种疾病。
1.An eating disorder is a kind of illness in which a person does not eat in a normal or healthy way. 第一自然段直接告诉我们什么是饮食失调。我们可以抄原文,也可以自己归纳为:A kind of illness./A person does not eat in a normal or healthy way.
2.Being alone and feeling anxious. 根据第二自然段第二句可知答案。
3.About 100/one hundred/Recently, Wildes’ program treats about 100 patients. 根据第三自然段倒数第二句可知答案。
4. Bulimic people eat a large amount of food and then force themselves to throw it up. 本题意思是“贪食者是什么样子的 ”,在第五自然段倒数第一句可以找到答案。
5.I think it is bad/not good for our health. We should pay attention to the problem and develop healthy eating habits. 此题为开放式总结概括性题,切记在“忠于原文”内容的基础上适当发挥,而不要根据主观臆想发表意见。此题型的解答策略为整理归纳每段的段落大意,然后整合在一起。
Passage 2(2022海淀一模)
Eradajere Oleita has a tradition on her birthday of finding some way to give back. So as her 25th birthday was around the corner in 2020, she started looking for her next project. She found it when she came across a video on the Internet about how to iron foil lined(铝箔内衬的) chip bags into sleeping bags. Oleita said the video gave her the idea of the Chip Bag Project.
“This is a project that allows me to really bring two of my passions together, people and the environment,”Oleita said.“We throw so much stuff away and never really think about where that’s ending.”
“It takes about four hours to sew(缝) a sleeping bag. Each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single serve or family size,” Oleita told The Detroit News.“Our sleeping bags are better than the cotton ones. They are waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around.”
Once each sleeping bag is complete. It’s packed with other donated winter necessities such as socks, gloves and hats to be given away to homeless people.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected over 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags.
“Every time we get a chip bag we’re taking something—something that’s not going into our water,” Oleita said. “And when we give somebody a bag, we’re giving warmth, and we’re helping a human being.”
The Chip Bag Project is just the latest environmental project for Oleita. She has also worked with the Youth Energy Squad, a program that teaches students about environmental sustainability (可持续性). One of her first large projects was creating a 6 foot tall Minion character out of recycled plastic bottles.
“Before, I felt like environmental things were not topics for people like me,” Oleita said. “But now I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world by training people not to be careless with their things, and meanwhile, helping people in need.”
1.What gave Oleita the idea of the Chip Bag Project
2.How long does it take to make a sleeping bag out of chip bags
3.Why are the sleeping bags better than the cotton ones according to Oleita
4.What is the Minion character created by Oleita made of
5.Why is Oleita’s Chip Bag Project meaningful
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇关于环境保护,变废为宝的记叙文。本文的主人公为25岁的Oleita, 她开展了一个环保项目,此项目是把薯片袋制成睡袋。在睡袋里还有捐给无家可归的人的其他的必需品,如手套、袜子、帽子等。此项目既做到保护环境,又做到助人为乐。
1.A video. 由第一自然段最后一句“Oleita said the video gave her the idea of the Chip Bag Project.”可知答案。
2.About four hours. 由第三段第一句“It takes about four hours to sew (缝) a sleeping bag.”可知答案。
3.Because they are waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around. 由第三段中的“Our sleeping bags are better than the cotton ones. They are waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around.”可知答案。
4.Recycled plastic bottles. 由第七段最后一句“One of her first large projects was creating a 6 foot tall Minion character out of recycled plastic bottles.”可知答案。
5.Because it can help the people in need and protect the environment at the same time. 由第二段中的“This is a project that allows me to really bring two of my passions together, people and the environment.”和最后一段的“I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world by training people not to be careless with their things, and meanwhile, helping people in need”可以推理总结出全面的答案。
Passage 3(2022平谷一模)
Weifang in Shandong Province has a long history of making kites. It is known as the birthplace of kites.
According to local artisans(工匠), Weifang kite making can be traced back to 2,000 years ago. At first, they were often used by the military for measuring distance and communication purposes. During the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), kites started to be popular among ordinary people as entertainment.
Made from bamboo and featuring traditional Chinese paintings, Weifang kite making was included in the national level intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) lists in 2006. The International Kite Festival has been held in Weifang every year since 1984.
Yang Hongwei, 56, is an inheritor(传承人) of the Weifang kite making technique. She was born in a kite making family. Yang often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in her grandfather’s workshop.
“Every time I see these beautiful kites, my boredom and negative feelings go away,” said Yang. Having a special connection with kites, Yang learned the technique from her grandfather at the age of 16. After she had practiced the technique for 10 years, she started her own shop in 1992.
“Many places around the world have a tradition of flying kites,” Yang said. “But I think the cultural context behind our kites is unique(独特的).”
On Yang’s kites, people can see not only common patterns like butterflies and swallows(燕子), but also some prints telling Chinese myths, legends and history. For example, she once made a kite showing a phoenix head lined with portraits of 50 famous women in Chinese history on each side.
Though the idea was cool, the process was not easy. Yang said that each woman has different characteristics in look, attire(服装) and makeup style. To create their portraits, she spent much effort and time checking historical records or discussing the details with professionals. “It’s time consuming,” Yang added, “but when I explain the stories on the kites to foreign customers, I feel a sense of great achievement.”
In her spare time, she also travels to different countries including Germany, Australia, the US and New Zealand to tell people about Chinese stories seen on kites and the traditional ways of making kites.
“I’m an inheritor of the culture. It is also an important job of mine to spread the heritage around the world and onto the next generation,” she said.
1.Where is known as the birthplace of kites
2.What were the kites used for at first
3.When was Weifang kite making included in the national level intangible cultural heritage lists
4.How long had Yang practiced kite making technique before she opened her first shop
5.What do you think of Yang’s job Why
答案
语篇解读 本文是对非物质文化遗产“潍坊风筝”的介绍。文章就潍坊风筝的历史、特点及制作过程做了详细介绍。
1.Weifang. 由第一段第一、二句可知答案。
2.The kites were used for measuring distance and communication purposes at first. 由第二段第二句At first, they were often used by the military for measuring distance and communication purposes.可知答案。
3.In 2006. 由第三段第一句中的Weifang kite making was included in the national level intangible cultural heritage lists in 2006可知答案。
4.For 10 years. 由第五段最后一句After she had practiced the technique for 10 years, she started her own shop in 1992.可知,在那之后,她练习了10年,1992年她开了自己的店。
5.(1) It’s time consuming(很费时间). To create their portraits, she spent much effort and time checking historical records or discussing the details with professionals. 从第四至第十段可知,Yang的工作需要很长时间、大量研究学习和讨论才能完成。
(2)It’s meaningful. Because she can spread the heritage around the world and onto the next generation. 从前三自然段可知潍坊风筝的历史意义和世界地位。因此从事风筝的制作是很有意义的并且对传承中国文化有深远影响。
模拟检测四 自然生态+学校生活+思维品质
Passage 1(2022门头沟一模)
A retired postman from Türkiye and a beautiful white swan have been always together for nearly forty years, and the story of their friendship has warmed the hearts of millions.
In 1984 Recep Mirzan was in a car with a group of friends, when he saw a swan that appeared to have a broken wing in an empty field.
Mirzan quickly realized that leaving the bird there was the same as signing its death sentence, as meat eating animals would have most likely eaten it, so he stopped the car and took the bird with him. He kept it in the car until evening, when he took it home and started nursing it back to health.
“Since I love animals, I said to myself that I should take her home instead of leaving her as dinner to foxes,” Mirzan said. “We got used to each other. We never separated.”
Even after the swan’s broken wing healed (痊愈), it didn’t try to fly away. Instead, it acted as a friend to the other animals on Recep’s farm, and decided to stick around. Recep named her Garip and now she has been with him ever since.
“She comes when I call. Since 1984, she has never left me, not even during the river floods,” the retired postman said. “She used to be stronger, but she has grown old now. If she dies, I will make her a nice grave (墓穴) here, but I hope we live more together.”
During the day, she is busy following her human friend around, either during his daily chores, or on his evening walks.
After his wife died a few years ago, Recep Mirzan started spending more time with his animals, and since he has no human children, he regards Garip as his child.
1.Who found a swan with a broken wing
2.Why did the man take the swan home
3.What did the swan do when its broken wing healed
4.How long has the swan lived with the man
5.What do you think of the man
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了邮递员Mirzan与天鹅Garip之间近40年的友谊和情感,在天鹅Garip偶然被Mirzan救之后,他们就一直在一起相互陪伴。
1.Recep Mirzan. 由第二段In 1984 Recep Mirzan...when he saw a swan that appeared to have a broken wing in an empty field.可知是Recep Mirzan。
2.He was afraid meat eating animals would have most likely eaten it. 由第三段第一句Mirzan quickly realized that leaving the bird there was the same as signing its death sentence, as meat eating animals would have most likely eaten it...可知,Mirzan很快意识到,把天鹅留在那里等于宣判它的死刑,因为食肉动物很可能会吃掉它。
3.It didn’t fly away. Instead, it acted as a friend to the other animals on Recep’s farm, and decided to stick around. 由第五段中的Even after the swan’s broken wing healed, it didn’t try to fly away. Instead, it acted as a friend to the other animals on Recep’s farm, and decided to stick around. 可知,即使在天鹅折断的翅膀愈合后,它也没有试图飞走。相反,它成了Mirzan农场里其他动物的朋友并且决定留下来。
4.For nearly 40 years./For 38 years. 由第一段内容和第六段中的She comes when I call. Since 1984, she has never left me, not even during the river floods可知答案。
5.He is a kind person and loves animals. 从第三段他救天鹅可以看出他是个善良的人,从第四段和最后一段可以看出他很爱动物,所以把动物当作自己的孩子。
Passage 2(2022顺义一模)
What are the things in your life that give you too much stress Find out what you can do about them.
Schoolwork and Grades
As a student, schoolwork and grades are at the top of your stress list. Even if your school grades are not so bad, you may still fear that you may not do as well as you expect. Heavy learning burden is another cause for worry.
Why not take it easy by leaving extra time to study and take frequent breaks to avoid being so tired Manage your time carefully and do not put things off.
Friendships and Relationships
Have you ever been concerned with not having enough friends, or not being in the same class as your best friends These, along with other issues(问题) such as peer pressure and interpersonal disagreements and arguments, are other common stress.
It is important to know how to choose your circle of friends wisely. Do not “hide” in your own “nest”. Make friends when you join school activities. Make plans to meet with your friends from other classes during break time. Know that everyone is unique and different—do not compare yourself with others.
Poor Diet and Lack of Sleep
Do you know that eating too much fast food and junk food can lead to mood changes, lack of energy and other negative effects The convenience food which has less nutrition(营养) may cause other health issues. Some students suffer from sleeping problems too. When that happens, they behave poorly in class.
Learn to make wise food choices that you can enjoy. Well plan and arrange your daily plete all school tasks. Go to bed at a set time every night. Avoid playing computer games or smartphones before you sleep. Do see a doctor if your sleeping problems continue.
1.What’s at the top of the stress list for students
2.Is it important to know how to choose your circle of friends wisely
3.How can you make more friends
4.Why do students behave poorly in class
5.What’s the stress in your life How do you deal with it
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。学业和成绩、友谊和人际关系以及不良饮食和睡眠不足都可以给生活带来压力。在最后作者给出了缓解压力的办法。
1.Schoolwork and grades. 由第二段第一句话As a student, schoolwork and grades are at the top of your stress list.可知答案。
2.Yes. 由第五段第一句It is important to know how to choose your circle of friends wisely.可知答案。
3.Make friends when you join school activities. 由第五段第三句Make friends when you join school activities.可知答案。
4.Because they suffer from sleeping problems. 由倒数第二段最后两句话Some students suffer from sleeping problems too. When that happens, they behave poorly in class.可知答案。
5.Sometimes I suffer from my study. I always ask my friends to give me some advice or do sports to relax myself. (此答案不唯一,仅供参考)本题为开放性试题,问的是你在生活中有什么压力,你是如何解决它的 只要写一种压力即可。切记正能量,言之有理即可。
Passage 3(2022西城二模)
Could what you believe about yourself have an effect on your success or failure According to Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, your beliefs play a key role in what you want and whether you achieve it. Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays an important role in deciding achievement and success. So, what exactly is a mindset A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself. It influences how you think, feel, and behave in any given situation.
According to Dweck, there are two basic mindsets: fixed and growth. If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed traits and therefore can’t be changed. You may also believe that your talent and intelligence(智商)alone lead to success, and effort is not required. If you have a growth mindset, you believe that your talents and abilities can be developed over time through effort and determination. People with this mindset don’t necessarily believe that everyone can become Einstein or Mozart just because they try. They do, however, believe that everyone can get smarter or more talented if they work at it.
Your mindset plays an important role in how you deal with life’s challenges. When children have a growth mindset, they hunger for learning and have a desire to work hard and discover new things. This often translates into achievement in education. As adults, these same people are more likely to keep going in the face of difficulties. Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow. On the other hand, those with fixed mindsets are more likely to give up in the face of challenging situations. Dweck suggests that people should get rid of their fixed mindset. Here’s how:
●Focus on the journey. When building a growth mindset, it is important to see the value in your journey. When you’re fixated on the end result, you will miss out on all the things you could be learning along the way.
●Add “yet” to your life. If you’re having trouble with a task, remind yourself that you just haven’t mastered it “yet”. Adding this word into your vocabulary shows that in the face of troubles, you can overcome(克服) anything.
●Pay attention to your words and thoughts. Replace negative thoughts with more positive ones to build a growth mindset.
●Take on challenges. Making mistakes is one of the best ways to learn. So, instead of shying away from challenges, welcome them.
1.What is a mindset
2.Which mindset makes you believe your abilities can’t be changed
3.What do adults with a growth mindset think of difficulties
4.What are Dweck’s suggestions about developing a growth mindset
5.Someone says, “I’m not good at English, and I can do nothing about it.” Is this an example of a growth mindset or a fixed mindset Why
答案
语篇解读 本篇文章为说明文,主要为我们介绍了两种心态:固定型心态和成长型心态,并重点阐述培养成长型心态的方法。
1.It is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself. 从第一段倒数第二句A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself. 可知,心态是一套影响你如何理解世界和自己的信念。
2.The fixed mindset. 从第二段第二句If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed traits and therefore can’t be changed.可知,如果你有一个固定的心态,你认为你的能力是固定的。
3.They view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow. 从第三段第五句中的adults with a growth mindset view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow可知,有成长型思维的成年人把它看作是一个学习和成长的机会。
4.Focus on the journey; add “yet” to our life; pay attention to your words and thoughts; take on challenges. 冒号后的内容就是在阐述如何培养成长型思维的,所以四个小标题就是此题答案。
5.It’s a fixed mindset. 由第二段可知,如果你有一个固定的心态,你认为你的能力是固定的,因此不能改变。你可能还认为,成功只靠你的天赋和智慧,不需要付出努力。
模拟检测五 传统文化+情绪管理+环境保护
Passage 1(2022石景山二模)
Why do We Celebrate Festivals
Festivals are celebrated all around the world. Every festival has its different customs. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, thanks, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest(丰收)festival can be found in almost every culture. This important festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are thankful for the year’s supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It had a parade and a great large meal with music dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
Customs play an important role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time because of the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas. One example is the Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting fireworks to drive away the evil(恶毒的)spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children which is far from its original custom.
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial(商业的)with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialized, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy(经济)and public happiness.
Festivals are an important part of society. They show people’s wishes, beliefs and attitudes towards life. They allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
1.What is the common spirit in all festivals
2.Which festival can be found in almost every culture
3.Why do customs in some festivals change over time
4.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
5.What do you think of festivals’ becoming more commercial Why do you think so
答案
语篇解读 本篇文章为说明文,主要阐述庆祝节日的原因和庆祝节日方式的改变。
1.The spirit of sharing joy, thanks, love, or peace. 从第一段第三句However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, thanks, love, or peace is common in all festivals.可知答案。
2.The harvest festival. 从第二段第一句Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture.可知答案。
3.Because of the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas. 从第三段第一句Customs play an important role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time because of the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas.可知答案。
4.The reasons why festivals are an important part of society. 此题为总结概括题,就段落的主旨大意进行总结归纳。所以我们可以先找中心句,即最后一段第一句:Festivals are an important part of society.然后再通读全段补充内容。
5.此题为开放型试题,本着“忠于原文”的原则,合理阐述观点即可。(此答案仅供参考)I think it does more harm than good because it makes it easy for young people to compare with others.从第四段中的Festivals are becoming more and more commercial with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.可专题十二 阅读表达
分类训练一 记叙文
Passage 1(2020北京)
This 12 year old Girl Built a
Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there. She reached down to pick them up, and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with. It seemed impossible to clean them all up.
Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by doing a little research. That’s how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year.
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem: a remote operated vehicle (遥控潜水器), or ROV. Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.
The actually cool part of Du’s ROV is the detection (探测)system. She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics. She also uses visible (可见的) light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.
“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it,” says engineer Casey Machado. “It sounds simple, but it’s a level of thinking that’s really amazing.”
Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old, and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV. She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy. She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
When asked about future plans, she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate(气候)change. “I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions,” says Du.
Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math(STEM). She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there.
“I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems,” says Du. “But I’m not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet.”
1.What did Anna Du notice while walking along the beach
2.How old was Du when she did a little research to solve the problem
3.What can Du’s ROV do
4.Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future
5.What made Du succeed in building her ROV
分类训练二 说明文
Passage 2(2019北京)
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice
Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋). Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪)in the arctic waters.
The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.
On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice.
“We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(裂缝)around,” he remembers.
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.
Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship’s navigation(航行)system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.
1.When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters
2.Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip
3.What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe
4.How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system
5.What is Paragraph 7 mainly about
分类训练三 议论文
Passage 3(2022北京)
Working Out through Online Videos
Physical exercise is good for our mind, body and spirit. Today, working out through online videos is becoming very popular. Since the Internet is widely used, it’s very easy for us to do so. That means we can work out anytime anywhere.
One of my friends, Lin Fei, followed short workout videos to do daily exercise. “With live programs, I feel like working out with my friends, which encourages me to hold on to the last minute,” she said. Another friend of mine, Michael, told me that workout videos let him feel so comfortable. “I have a fear of working out at the gym(健身房), because I don’t like being watched by others. Working out at home makes working out much more enjoyable,” he said.
With their examples, I decided to give it a try. When I told my plan to my elder sister, a P.E. teacher, she reminded me that workout videos could be helpful but might still carry some problems.
“Without being with someone in person, you will be less willing(愿意的) to work out to your best. Working out at the gym allows you to have advice in real time and get pushed harder,” my sister said to me. “Well, if you really want to have a try, first, choose proper programs or videos. That’s very important. And then ask your friends for advice. Their experiences can give you a good sight into what you can expect. Anyway, don’t be addicted(沉迷的) to it. You should try different ways to work out to be healthy.”
At her suggestions, I finally followed an online workout program with personalized help that is held for three months. After the first period of training, I felt it very practical and helpful when I put in the right amount(量) of work along with a strong pared with going to the gym, using online videos to work out is a much cheaper and time saving choice. But it can be difficult sometimes when I’m too lazy or too busy to stick to it.
1.Which way to work out is becoming very popular today
2.Why does Michael dislike working out at the gym
3.What is the problem of working out without someone else in person
4.How did the writer feel about his first period of training
5.Would you like to follow online videos to work out Why or why not
Passage 4(2018北京)
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for “fail”. The word “fail” happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “not passing” or “fail”. Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory”, or I grade for “incomplete”.
Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:
A:95%—100%(excellent)
B:85%—94%(good)
C:76%—84%(fair)
D:75%(barely passed)
E:below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually, the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.
Why do we have letter grades Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.
Today, more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映) student learning. However, as teachers try to improve grading methods, many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids. They are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.
1.What does an F stand for in the A,B,C,D and F grading system
2.When was the letter grading system first used in the US college
3.What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade
4.What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century
5.Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today
模拟检测一 名人传记+品牌故事+爱心活动
Passage 1(2021石景山一模)
Sylvia Earle is one of the world’s most famous ocean (海洋) scientists. She loves to go diving (潜水) in the ocean. She has spent a lot of her life both in and under the waves. Earle has led more than a hundred explorations and she set a record for diving in 1,000 meter deep water on her own. In total, she has spent more than 7,000 hours underwater.
Earle describes the first time she went to the ocean, “I was three years old and I got knocked over by a wave (波浪). The ocean certainly got my attention! It was exciting. And since then, I have been attracted by life in the ocean.”
Now, Earle’s job is to focus on developing a worldwide network of areas on the land and in the ocean. This network will protect and support the living systems that are important to the planet. She explains why this is important, “When I first went to the Gulf of Mexico in the 1950s, the sea looked huge and blue. It seemed to be too large and too wild to be destroyed by the action of people. Then, in only several tens of years, the blue wilderness of my childhood disappeared. By the end of the 20th century, about 90 percent of the sharks, whales, and many other large creatures had disappeared from the gulf. They had been there for millions of years.”
Some people don’t understand why the ocean is so important to life on Earth. Earle explains, “The ocean is the foundation of our life support system. The ocean is alive. The living things in the ocean produce O2 and take in CO2. If we don’t have the ocean, we don’t have a planet that works.”
The Gulf of Mexico has had many problems, especially after the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster (灾难) of 2010, but Earle says, “In 2003 I found good signs in clear, deep water far from the mouth of the Mississippi River. It was full of life. Large areas of the gulf are not destroyed. Protecting the most important places will be good for the future of the Gulf and for all of us.”
1.Who is Sylvia Earle
2.How long has Earle spent underwater in total
3.When did Earle get knocked over by a wave
4.What will Earle’s worldwide network do
5.Why does Earle think the ocean is important to life on Earth
Passage 2(2021石景山二模)
You Can Choose Your Grandma!
Have you heard of Golden Hook Golden Hook is a group of twenty grandmas and a young man with a clever business idea. They make beautiful, handmade, wool hats and sell them all around the world. You don’t buy Golden Hook hats in a shop. If you want one, you go to their website and choose the style, size and colour you want. Then you look at photos and choose a grandma. The grandma knits (织) the hat by hand just for you. One week later, you get the hat with a special message from the grandma inside. You can see people wearing Golden Hook hats in Paris, London, Tokyo and New York. People love the hats because every hat is different.
Golden Hook was started in Paris, by Jeremy Emsellem. In 2005, when he was 19, Jeremy began knitting hats for fun. He wore the hats in class, and other students really liked them. Everyone wanted one! Jeremy made hats for 50 students, but he didn’t have time to make hats for everyone. Then, in 2007, he visited his old aunt and had an idea. His aunt and her friends were all grandmothers. They didn’t have a job and they didn’t look after their children, so they had lots of time. They were really bored. They were also very good at knitting. Jeremy talked to his aunt’s friends. He asked them if they wanted to make his hats. Six of the grandmothers said “Yes”. In 2008, Jeremy started the Golden Hook company and set up the website. In the first year, they only sold 300 hats, but the company expanded quickly. Soon after, in 2010, Golden Hook employed 20 grandmas. 2012, a famous shop introduced the hats to Tokyo—Japanese people loved the grandma’s hats. In the future, Jeremy’s goal is to have Golden Hook Grandmas all over the world.
With Golden Hook, everyone wins. The customers get excellent hats. The grandmas get money, and something interesting to do. And Jeremy Jeremy is 25, and the CEO of an international company.
1.What is Golden Hook
2.Why do people like Golden Hook hats
3.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
4.What is Jeremy’s future goal
5.Why does everyone win with Golden Hook
Passage 3(2021西城一模)
When it comes to celebrations, birthday parties can be one of the important of the whole year. The gifts, the singing, the candle blowing... Basically, they’re all the best things thrown together into one day. But birthdays aren’t always fun for everyone. For example, homeless children might not get anything at all for their special day. That’s why 17 year old Daryn Dusansky decided to start The Balloon Project. It celebrates monthly birthdays for children living in homeless shelters (收容所) with the help of some volunteers. Dusansky’s dream: to bring smiles to all kids’ faces on their birthdays.
As teenagers, they met many challenges at the beginning. One of the biggest was to make others believe that The Balloon Project was dependable and that there would be a party each month. Each party is not easy as there are many things that have to be managed. Luckily, The Balloon Project volunteers want each party to be better than the last and can be counted on to make that happen.
Getting The Balloon Project off the ground required many leadership qualities (品质) which Dusansky did not know she owned. Working hard, focusing on solutions, and connecting with people are all necessary qualities that have made The Balloon Project a success.
Offering services to those in need and creating a positive influence are important in being an active member of a community. Community service teaches life lessons often not taught in school. At one party, a little boy and his father came up to thank her for holding the boy’s first organized birthday party. Dusansky then thanked them for teaching her something, too. The father, who lived in a shelter with his son, looked at her, puzzled, as if he was not worthy of teaching her anything. Dusansky explained to him that he had taught her to have the courage to ask for help when needed. She will never forget his hug.
Find a cause that interests you. Dusansky loves birthday celebrations and wants disadvantaged children to have the opportunity to celebrate, too. Love is passed on easily—it encourages people to help and volunteer.
1.How old was Dusansky when she decided to start The Balloon Project
2.Who does The Balloon Project help
3.What was one of the biggest challenges in running The Balloon Project
4.What did Dusansky learn from the father
5.What do you think of Dusansky
模拟检测二 风俗习惯+社会生活+人物传记
Passage 1(2021朝阳一模)
British people are famous for saying sorry in almost every situation. They say “sorry” for asking a question, for their bad weather or because they sneezed (打喷嚏).
British people pride themselves on their polite manners towards one another in public. As a result, they use the word “sorry” quite a lot—even when they don’t really mean it! Usually, if they want to ask a stranger for the time, they would start by saying, “Sorry to bother(打扰) you. Do you know what time it is ” If they are five minutes late for a date, they would generally greet the person by saying, “Sorry, I’m late!”
That they say sorry does not only mean they feel sad for someone else because of their problems or bad luck. In the dictionary, “sorry” also means feeling regret because they have done something wrong. And now, think about this. Normally, when they want to ask a stranger a question, they start with “Sorry to bother you”. In this situation, they aren’t saying sorry because they feel sad for that person or because they feel regret.
In the British culture, saying sorry, in general, is a way to be polite, especially to people who they don’t know very well. Besides, it also can bring them other benefits in their daily life. In a recent experiment, an actor asked different strangers on a rainy day if he could use their mobile phones to make a call. When he asked one group of strangers and asked them without saying sorry first, he was only 9% successful in borrowing their phones. However, when he said sorry to another group of strangers about the bad weather before asking if he could use their mobile phones, he was 47% successful.
1.Do British people say sorry for asking a question
2.Why do British people often use the word “sorry” quite a lot
3.What do British people say if they are five minutes late for a date
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph
5.What does “sorry” mean to British people
Passage 2(2021海淀一模)
People in Clifftop Village Moving to New Homes
So far, many people from poor areas have benefited from the government’s poverty relief policies (脱贫政策). As part of the nation’s poverty relief program, eighty two families in the clifftop village of Atuleer in Sichuan are preparing to move to new apartments. “The government has bought new furniture for each new home. Our new apartments have kitchens and toilets with running water. We only need to take clothes and quilts there,” Mou’se Subure, a young man from Atuleer said. “We used to live in adobe (土坯) houses and have never seen such nice apartments.”
The village is at the top of a 1,400 meter cliff. Villagers used an 800 meter rattan (藤) ladders with no railings(栏杆) to reach the nearest market several kilometers away once a week to sell peppers and walnuts, and to buy necessities. The ladders were their only way to the outside world. The villagers were very poor, with an income of about 3,000 yuan per year.
Three years ago, the village caught the attention of the government. Soon the government spent one million yuan on a steel ladder with a handrail that has cut travel time to the nearest town from three hours to one. Now, a total of 84 families—most of the villagers—will settle in their new apartments 75 km away. The members of two families were so excited about their new homes that they moved on Monday, one day ahead of schedule.
In 2016, a newspaper published some photos showing students climbing rattan ladders, so more and more tourists went to see the rattan ladders. And some even tried to climb them.
After the 84 families move, Atuleer will see new tourism development. A cable car will be used to transport tourists to the village and nearby canyons (峡谷) will be developed. Some 30 better off families will remain in the village and work in the tourist industry, running rural inns, showing tourists around and carrying bags to make money.
Shaking off poverty is not the finish line, but the starting point of a new life.
1.Who has bought new furniture for each new home
2.What kind of houses did the villagers live in before moving
3.How much did the government spend on the steel ladder
4.Why did more and more tourists go to see the rattan ladders on the cliff
5.What do you think of the villagers’ shaking off poverty
Passage 3(2022朝阳一模)
At the 2022 Winter Olympics Su Yiming became the first Chinese snowboarder to win a gold medal in the men’s big air event. Behind the huge success is hard work.
Back in 2018,the 14 year old boy was faced with a difficult decision: To be as an actor, or to go all in on snowboarding. With the 2022 Winter Olympics approaching(临近), the teenager saw an opportunity. “Snowboarding was something I enjoyed the most, and this was a chance to take part in my own home country.”
Su first stepped on a snowboard at around age 4, with the support of his parents. His first snowboard came from his father and it was a lot taller than Su back then. However, Su almost fell in love with the sport immediately. Talking about his parents, Su said, “No matter what decision I made, they’ve always supported me and believed in me.”
“I only have one word to describe my feelings for snowboarding—it’s love, deep from my heart,” Su said. “It’s my happiest moment when I stand on the snowboard no matter how long I train, even for seven or eight hours at most at a time.”
After the competitions, Su Yiming wrote a letter to President Xi to express his resolve(决心) to continue working hard. Su said in his letter that he was born in a great country and raised in the best times. To his surprise, he got a reply. President Xi expressed his hope for young Chinese to keep the motherland at heart, aim high, and have their feet firmly on the ground. “This has encouraged me to work even harder in the future. I shall contribute(贡献) all my strength to my own country and win glory(荣耀) for China’s winter sports,” said Su.
Su Yiming hopes his story could excite more young people to embrace(拥抱)winter sports and face challenges in their lives.
1.Was Su Yiming faced with a difficult decision in 2018
2.When did Su Yiming first step on a snowboard
3.How long does Su train at most at a time
4.Why did Su Yiming write to President Xi
5.What made Su Yiming succeed at the 2022 Winter Olympics
模拟检测三 饮食习惯+环境保护+传统文化
Passage 1(2022大兴一模)
Eating Disorders
An eating disorder is a kind of illness in which a person does not eat in a normal or healthy way.
In the United States, restrictions on COVID 19 are loosening; however, eating disorder cases are on the rise. Experts warn that being alone and feeling anxious can increase the harmfulness of eating disorders.
“We are certainly seeing great increases,” said Jennifer Wildes who is an associate psychiatry professor at the University of Chicago Medicine. She told the reporter that some patients are waiting to five months to get mental health treatment and medical care. Before COVID 19, she added, the wait time was usually only a few weeks. Recently, Wildes’ program treats about 100 patients. Before COVID 19, the number of patients was half that number.
Another treatment program for eating disorders at the University of Minnesota is experiencing the same thing. Daily calls to its program from people asking for treatment have doubled. In 2019, there were about 60 calls a day. “Since COVID 19 began, that number is up to 130 calls a day,” said Jillian Lampert, who is one of the leaders of the program.
Because of COVID 19, some people make themselves eat a lot as a way to deal with the feeling of “out of control”. Other people are doing the opposite of things. They are taking the message of “don’t gain COVID 19 weight” too strictly. They are reducing their meals to the point of anorexia(厌食症). Bulimic(贪食) is also a kind of eating disorder. Bulimic people eat a large amount of food and then force themselves to throw it up.
A study of electronic medical records from about 80 U.S. hospitals found a 30 percent increase of eating disorder starting after March 2020,compared with numbers from 2018 and 2019. The leader of the study, Dr. Dave Little, said that the COVID 19 pandemic has given society, and in particular young people, a lot of mental health difficulties.
Here are some signs of eating disorders from the U. S. National Eating Disorders Organization.
Thinking about weight, body size, and food too much.
Seem uneasy eating around others.
Restrictions on types of food, for example, bread or sugar.
Avoiding usual friends and social activities.
Extreme change in mood and behavior.
1.What is an eating disorder
2.What can increase the harmfulness of eating disorders
3.How many patients does Wildes’ program treat recently
4.What are bulimic people like
5. What do you think of eating disorders What will you do
Passage 2(2022海淀一模)
Eradajere Oleita has a tradition on her birthday of finding some way to give back. So as her 25th birthday was around the corner in 2020, she started looking for her next project. She found it when she came across a video on the Internet about how to iron foil lined(铝箔内衬的) chip bags into sleeping bags. Oleita said the video gave her the idea of the Chip Bag Project.
“This is a project that allows me to really bring two of my passions together, people and the environment,”Oleita said.“We throw so much stuff away and never really think about where that’s ending.”
“It takes about four hours to sew(缝) a sleeping bag. Each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single serve or family size,” Oleita told The Detroit News.“Our sleeping bags are better than the cotton ones. They are waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around.”
Once each sleeping bag is complete. It’s packed with other donated winter necessities such as socks, gloves and hats to be given away to homeless people.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected over 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags.
“Every time we get a chip bag we’re taking something—something that’s not going into our water,” Oleita said. “And when we give somebody a bag, we’re giving warmth, and we’re helping a human being.”
The Chip Bag Project is just the latest environmental project for Oleita. She has also worked with the Youth Energy Squad, a program that teaches students about environmental sustainability (可持续性). One of her first large projects was creating a 6 foot tall Minion character out of recycled plastic bottles.
“Before, I felt like environmental things were not topics for people like me,” Oleita said. “But now I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world by training people not to be careless with their things, and meanwhile, helping people in need.”
1.What gave Oleita the idea of the Chip Bag Project
2.How long does it take to make a sleeping bag out of chip bags
3.Why are the sleeping bags better than the cotton ones according to Oleita
4.What is the Minion character created by Oleita made of
5.Why is Oleita’s Chip Bag Project meaningful
Passage 3(2022平谷一模)
Weifang in Shandong Province has a long history of making kites. It is known as the birthplace of kites.
According to local artisans(工匠), Weifang kite making can be traced back to 2,000 years ago. At first, they were often used by the military for measuring distance and communication purposes. During the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), kites started to be popular among ordinary people as entertainment.
Made from bamboo and featuring traditional Chinese paintings, Weifang kite making was included in the national level intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) lists in 2006. The International Kite Festival has been held in Weifang every year since 1984.
Yang Hongwei, 56, is an inheritor(传承人) of the Weifang kite making technique. She was born in a kite making family. Yang often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in her grandfather’s workshop.
“Every time I see these beautiful kites, my boredom and negative feelings go away,” said Yang. Having a special connection with kites, Yang learned the technique from her grandfather at the age of 16. After she had practiced the technique for 10 years, she started her own shop in 1992.
“Many places around the world have a tradition of flying kites,” Yang said. “But I think the cultural context behind our kites is unique(独特的).”
On Yang’s kites, people can see not only common patterns like butterflies and swallows(燕子), but also some prints telling Chinese myths, legends and history. For example, she once made a kite showing a phoenix head lined with portraits of 50 famous women in Chinese history on each side.
Though the idea was cool, the process was not easy. Yang said that each woman has different characteristics in look, attire(服装) and makeup style. To create their portraits, she spent much effort and time checking historical records or discussing the details with professionals. “It’s time consuming,” Yang added, “but when I explain the stories on the kites to foreign customers, I feel a sense of great achievement.”
In her spare time, she also travels to different countries including Germany, Australia, the US and New Zealand to tell people about Chinese stories seen on kites and the traditional ways of making kites.
“I’m an inheritor of the culture. It is also an important job of mine to spread the heritage around the world and onto the next generation,” she said.
1.Where is known as the birthplace of kites
2.What were the kites used for at first
3.When was Weifang kite making included in the national level intangible cultural heritage lists
4.How long had Yang practiced kite making technique before she opened her first shop
5.What do you think of Yang’s job Why
模拟检测四 自然生态+学校生活+思维品质
Passage 1(2022门头沟一模)
A retired postman from Türkiye and a beautiful white swan have been always together for nearly forty years, and the story of their friendship has warmed the hearts of millions.
In 1984 Recep Mirzan was in a car with a group of friends, when he saw a swan that appeared to have a broken wing in an empty field.
Mirzan quickly realized that leaving the bird there was the same as signing its death sentence, as meat eating animals would have most likely eaten it, so he stopped the car and took the bird with him. He kept it in the car until evening, when he took it home and started nursing it back to health.
“Since I love animals, I said to myself that I should take her home instead of leaving her as dinner to foxes,” Mirzan said. “We got used to each other. We never separated.”
Even after the swan’s broken wing healed (痊愈), it didn’t try to fly away. Instead, it acted as a friend to the other animals on Recep’s farm, and decided to stick around. Recep named her Garip and now she has been with him ever since.
“She comes when I call. Since 1984, she has never left me, not even during the river floods,” the retired postman said. “She used to be stronger, but she has grown old now. If she dies, I will make her a nice grave (墓穴) here, but I hope we live more together.”
During the day, she is busy following her human friend around, either during his daily chores, or on his evening walks.
After his wife died a few years ago, Recep Mirzan started spending more time with his animals, and since he has no human children, he regards Garip as his child.
1.Who found a swan with a broken wing
2.Why did the man take the swan home
3.What did the swan do when its broken wing healed
4.How long has the swan lived with the man
5.What do you think of the man
Passage 2(2022顺义一模)
What are the things in your life that give you too much stress Find out what you can do about them.
Schoolwork and Grades
As a student, schoolwork and grades are at the top of your stress list. Even if your school grades are not so bad, you may still fear that you may not do as well as you expect. Heavy learning burden is another cause for worry.
Why not take it easy by leaving extra time to study and take frequent breaks to avoid being so tired Manage your time carefully and do not put things off.
Friendships and Relationships
Have you ever been concerned with not having enough friends, or not being in the same class as your best friends These, along with other issues(问题) such as peer pressure and interpersonal disagreements and arguments, are other common stress.
It is important to know how to choose your circle of friends wisely. Do not “hide” in your own “nest”. Make friends when you join school activities. Make plans to meet with your friends from other classes during break time. Know that everyone is unique and different—do not compare yourself with others.
Poor Diet and Lack of Sleep
Do you know that eating too much fast food and junk food can lead to mood changes, lack of energy and other negative effects The convenience food which has less nutrition(营养) may cause other health issues. Some students suffer from sleeping problems too. When that happens, they behave poorly in class.
Learn to make wise food choices that you can enjoy. Well plan and arrange your daily plete all school tasks. Go to bed at a set time every night. Avoid playing computer games or smartphones before you sleep. Do see a doctor if your sleeping problems continue.
1.What’s at the top of the stress list for students
2.Is it important to know how to choose your circle of friends wisely
3.How can you make more friends
4.Why do students behave poorly in class
5.What’s the stress in your life How do you deal with it
Passage 3(2022西城二模)
Could what you believe about yourself have an effect on your success or failure According to Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, your beliefs play a key role in what you want and whether you achieve it. Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays an important role in deciding achievement and success. So, what exactly is a mindset A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself. It influences how you think, feel, and behave in any given situation.
According to Dweck, there are two basic mindsets: fixed and growth. If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed traits and therefore can’t be changed. You may also believe that your talent and intelligence(智商)alone lead to success, and effort is not required. If you have a growth mindset, you believe that your talents and abilities can be developed over time through effort and determination. People with this mindset don’t necessarily believe that everyone can become Einstein or Mozart just because they try. They do, however, believe that everyone can get smarter or more talented if they work at it.
Your mindset plays an important role in how you deal with life’s challenges. When children have a growth mindset, they hunger for learning and have a desire to work hard and discover new things. This often translates into achievement in education. As adults, these same people are more likely to keep going in the face of difficulties. Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow. On the other hand, those with fixed mindsets are more likely to give up in the face of challenging situations. Dweck suggests that people should get rid of their fixed mindset. Here’s how:
●Focus on the journey. When building a growth mindset, it is important to see the value in your journey. When you’re fixated on the end result, you will miss out on all the things you could be learning along the way.
●Add “yet” to your life. If you’re having trouble with a task, remind yourself that you just haven’t mastered it “yet”. Adding this word into your vocabulary shows that in the face of troubles, you can overcome(克服) anything.
●Pay attention to your words and thoughts. Replace negative thoughts with more positive ones to build a growth mindset.
●Take on challenges. Making mistakes is one of the best ways to learn. So, instead of shying away from challenges, welcome them.
1.What is a mindset
2.Which mindset makes you believe your abilities can’t be changed
3.What do adults with a growth mindset think of difficulties
4.What are Dweck’s suggestions about developing a growth mindset
5.Someone says, “I’m not good at English, and I can do nothing about it.” Is this an example of a growth mindset or a fixed mindset Why
模拟检测五 传统文化+情绪管理+环境保护
Passage 1(2022石景山二模)
Why do We Celebrate Festivals
Festivals are celebrated all around the world. Every festival has its different customs. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, thanks, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest(丰收)festival can be found in almost every culture. This important festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are thankful for the year’s supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It had a parade and a great large meal with music dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
Customs play an important role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time because of the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas. One example is the Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting fireworks to drive away the evil(恶毒的)spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children which is far from its original custom.
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial(商业的)with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialized, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy(经济)and public happiness.
Festivals are an important part of society. They show people’s wishes, beliefs and attitudes towards life. They allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
1.What is the common spirit in all festivals
2.Which festival can be found in almost every culture
3.Why do customs in some festivals change over time
4.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
5.What do you think of festivals’ becoming more commercial Why do you think so
Passage 2(2022西城一模)
Even the most confident performers can suffer from stage fright(怯场). Stage fright is common for everyone from Broadway actors to experienced presenters. If you have stage fright, then you may start to feel nervous, shaky, or even completely frightened at the thought of performing in front of an audience. But don’t worry—you can deal with your stage fright by training your body and mind to relax and trying a few tips.
1.Fake(假装)confidence.
Even if your heart is racing, just act like the coolest person in the world. Walk with your head high and a big smile on your face, and don’t tell anyone how nervous you are. Keep this posture(姿势) when you get on the stage and you’ll actually start to feel confident.
2.Create a ritual(仪式).
Come up with an effective ritual for the day of your performance. This could be a five kilometer jog on the morning of your performance, the same “last meal” before your performance, or even singing a certain song in the shower or putting on your lucky socks. Do whatever you have to do to lead yourself toward success.
A lucky charm is also a great part of a ritual. It could be a necklace that’s important to you, or a silly stuffed animal like a teddy bear that cheers you on from your dressing room.
3.Think positively(积极地).
Think about all of the possible amazing results of your presentation or performance instead of everything that could go wrong. Fight every negative thought with five positive ones. Keep a small card with encouraging words in your pocket, or do whatever you need to do to focus on all of the benefits that the performance will give you.
4.Get advice from a professional performer.
If you have friends who have experienced performing, ask for their advice. You may learn some new tips and will be comforted by the fact that everyone gets stage fright, no matter how confident he or she may appear on stage.
1.Is stage fright common for everyone
2.How should we walk onto the stage in order to fake confidence
3.What should we think about before our presentation or performance
4.Why does the writer encourage us to get advice from a professional performer
5.What’s the main idea of the passage
Passage 3(2022东城一模)
On March 2, 2022, world leaders at the 5th meeting of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) reached a historic agreement to solve the problems of plastic. They agreed that by 2024, they would create and sign a new treaty(条约) on plastics. The new treaty would create international laws that could help bring plastic waste under control.
Because plastic is useful for so many purposes, it has become a part of nearly all areas of our lives. It’s hard to look anywhere without things made of plastic. It’s reported that now 400 million tons of plastic is produced every year. By 2040, the number is expected to double. Although there are a lot of talks about recycling, only 9% of all the plastic ever created has been recycled.
Almost all kinds of plastic are made from some kind of oil. It gives off dangerous gases(气体) when it’s produced and also when it’s burned or buried (掩埋) in the ground. Scientists say plastics are responsible for 4.5% of the world’s greenhouse gases.
Plastic doesn’t break down like natural materials, such as wood. Instead, it just breaks into smaller and smaller pieces, and finally tiny bits of plastic called microplastics. In recent years, microplastics have been found almost everywhere, from the North Pole to Antarctica, from the top of the Earth’s tallest mountain to the deepest point in the sea. They’ve even been found in the bodies of animals including humans.
The treaty is expected to cover the whole plastic “life cycle”, including making it, reusing it, recycling it, and getting rid of it. The treaty will also cover how to deal with microplastics in the oceans, on land, and in the things we eat. It is expected to lay out rules to get rid of single use plastics as well.
Deciding on the specific rules and goals that will go in the treaty will probably be difficult. The treaty is likely to require all countries to take their own steps to meet the treaty’s goals, and offer poorer countries money to help them meet the goals.
1.How much plastic is produced every year now
2.When does plastic give off dangerous gases
3.What does plastic finally become when it breaks down
4.What does the whole plastic “life cycle” include
5.What do you think of the idea of creating the new treaty on plastics Why do you think so
模拟检测六 人物传记+家庭生活+志愿服务
Passage 1(2022石景山一模)
Britain’s youngest app developer
A 13 year old boy, Aaron Bond, designed a website and released (发布) three successful smartphone apps (应用软件). This made him Britain’s youngest app developer in 2011.
“I have been interested in computers since I was young,” says Aaron, as he explains how his childhood interest in web design has turned into a business work.
The idea of inventing an app came from his friend Sebastian, aged 16, when the two teenagers were travelling to school one day by bus. Sebastian gave Aaron a challenge. “Do you think you can make a smartphone app ” he asked. Aaron said that he thought he could, but that he would need a new computer and some instructional materials.
So Sebastian lent him a computer and Aaron taught himself how to design an app using books and videos. “It took me seven months to learn how to do it,” says Aaron. While he used his computer skills to build the app, Sebastian worked on developing the characters and improving the design for their game Spud Run. The boys set up a company and in May 2011, Aaron and Sebastian produced the game.
The friends have now produced another app, lice SOS—designed to help in an emergency (突发事件). Once again, the idea came while the boys were travelling on the bus when a passenger suddenly fell down. “Nobody knew the man but we realized that if we got into his phone, we would find useful contact numbers,” says Aaron. Unluckily, the phone was locked. The new app stores phone numbers of close family or friends along with important medical details. The app can be seen on the home screen and will work even if the phone is locked. “If the emergency services have to contact relatives in an emergency, this will save them a lot of time and could save lives,” says Aaron.
When asked about his plans for the future, Aaron replies, “At the moment we are improving the design of our apps and we are going to develop new characters and levels for Spud Run.” He might go to university to study computer programming in the future.
1. How old was Aaron when he released three smartphone apps
2. Who taught Aaron to design an app
3. What was the app, lice SOS, designed to do
4. What might Aaron do in the future
5. What might be the reasons for Aaron’s success
Passage 2(2022 海淀二模)
When much of the world shut down due to COVID 19, a family of four living in New York, decided to bring home six baby chicks. The plan was to raise them to provide the family with fresh eggs. What they hadn’t expected was the bond (情感纽带) that would form between these chicks and their nine year old daughter, Sophie.
Sophie fell in love with the baby chicks the moment they came home. She named the chicks Trixie, Bearty, Sweet Pea, Speedie, Captain Flint, and Adrian. She spent much of her time playing with them, reading to them, and even making them their own cardboard houses. She was even upset when her parents wouldn’t allow the chicks to sleep in her bed with her. “They’re really cute and warm. I like to hug them,” said Sophie. “Bearty is my favorite. She likes to go for a walk with me.”
The six chicks served as a distraction (分心的事物) during a time of loneliness and disease, but as the world began to settle into its new normal and the chicks grew into full grown chickens, the bond continued to grow. Sophie liked to bring a chicken with her wherever her parents would allow. She even dressed as a giant chicken for Halloween and brought Trixie along for trick or treat. The chickens kept Sophie company during her online classes, and even joined in on the family photo. The bond between Sophie and these chickens was unbreakable.
However, the beloved Captain Flint died suddenly because of an accident. Sophie was heartbroken.
She mourned (哀悼) by painting Captain Flint and wearing a necklace with a photo of the chicken. “Her chickens are teaching her about love, loss, and pain. Sophie has handled it well,” said Sophie’s mom. “In a few short months, these chickens have taught us to relax, accept situations we can’t change, and find joy where we can. They’ve brought us comfort during uncertain times and changed our lives. We are thankful.”
1.Why did the family bring home the chicks
2.When did Sophie fall in love with the chicks
3.What did Sophie dress as for Halloween
4.How did Sophie mourn for Captain Flint
5.What is the last paragraph mainly about
Passage 3(2022 朝阳二模)
Volunteering is a great way to bring positive change to people, communities and society in general. The word “volunteering” started being used in the 18th century when people were willingly joining the military (军事)service. Today, the word is not so much connected with the military service, but with community service.
Official(正式的)organized volunteering appeared in the 19th century and became more popular in the 20th century. And the biggest development in volunteering was brought by the Internet. Organizations can reach people more easily online. Helpful platforms were raised, and more volunteers became interested when they found out about different opportunities.
We can learn a lot from volunteering. It connects us to others. It is a great way to meet new people with common interests. It also helps us make new friends, and improve our social skills.
Volunteering brings fun in our life. It is a fun and easy way to explore our interests and passions. Many people volunteer in order to make time for hobbies outside of work. For example, if a person has a desk job and long to spend time outdoors, he might consider volunteering to help plant a community garden, walk dogs for an animal shelter, or help out at a children’s camp.
Volunteering can also be helpful for our careers(职业). If we are considering a new career, volunteering can help us get experience in other areas and meet people in the field.Also, many volunteer opportunities provide training, or can help us build upon skills we already have. Volunteering doesn’t just feel good, it’s good for us.
1.Is the word “volunteering” only connected with military service today
2.When did official organized volunteering appear
3.What brought the biggest development in volunteering
4.If you are considering a new career, how can volunteering work help you
5.What does this passage mainly talk about
