专题十一 阅读选择
分类训练一 应用文
Passage 1(2022北京,A)
1.Who is Emma’s role model
A.Ms. Li. B.Mrs. White.
C.Norman Bethune. D.Yuan Longping.
2.What does Betty want to be in the future
A.A teacher. B.A scientist.
C.A doctor. D.A volunteer.
3.What do we know about Ms. Li
A.She worked in a hospital.
B.She solved the food problems.
C.She is old in age but young at heart.
D.She is very patient with her students.
答案
语篇解读 本文是应用文,主要介绍四位中学生各自的榜样人物。
1.D 细节理解题。根据“Yuan Longping is my role model.”可知袁隆平是Emma的榜样,故选D。
2.A 细节理解题。根据“So Mrs. White is my role model, and I want to be a teacher like her in the future.”可知Betty想成为一名老师,故选A。
3.C 细节理解题。根据“She is in her eighties now but she is still young at heart.”可知李女士年纪大了,但内心年轻,故选C。
Passage 2(2021北京,A)
Young Heroes for the Planet
Nowadays, people around the world are working to help our planet. Check out how the four young adults made a difference.
1.Who started a group to teach kids about pandas
A.Jack. B.Kathy. C.Linda. D.Patrick.
2.How old was Linda when she invented SuperE
A.11. B.12. C.13. D.14.
3.What was the goal of Patrick’s project
A.To fight plastic pollution.
B.To protect pandas in danger.
C.To learn about native plants.
D.To use heat to make electricity.
答案
语篇解读 本文为应用文,介绍了四个年轻人为保护地球所做的事情。
1.A 细节理解题。根据对第一个人的描述中的第一句可知,此题答案为A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据对第三个人的描述中的第一句可知,此题答案为B。
3.A 细节理解题。根据对第四个人的描述中的最后一句可知,此题答案为A。
词汇积累 make a difference有影响;in danger 处于危险中;set up 建立
技巧点拨 细节理解题主要考查学生筛选细节信息的能力,需要学生在理解题干含义的基础上直接到文中定位原句,从而快速得出答案。“带着问题找答案”是解答此类题目的关键所在。尤其关注what, who, which, where, how, how long, why等提问。
Passage 3(2020北京,A)
Helping Seniors(老年人)
Matt Posted 5/15/20 4:53 PM
I created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends. The group has about 200 volunteers. The volunteers deliver food or other supplies for the elderly in town. I spend six to eight hours a week buying food and making deliveries. By now we have completed 350 deliveries.
Linda Posted 5/15/20 6:25 PM
I organized Mittler Senior Technology, a program to help the elderly learn how to use computers and smartphones. Now there are 50 local seniors in the weekly technology classes. I want to make sure that the seniors could stay connected to the world.
Jordan Posted 5/16/20 5:20 PM
I came up with a way to help lonely seniors with my friends. We call it the Joy 4 All Project. By dialing 569-4255, the elderly can hear pre recorded jokes and poems. The hotline has received more than 1,800 phone calls.
Kathy Posted 5/16/20 7:46 PM
I heard that the seniors in the nursing home couldn’t see their family and friends very often, so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters. We want them to know that nobody is being forgotten. By now more than 100 students in my school have joined us.
1.Who created Teens Helping Seniors
A.Kathy. B.Linda. C.Jordan. D.Matt.
2.How many local seniors are there in the weekly technology classes
A.50. B.100. C.200. D.350.
3.To help the elderly in the nursing home, Kathy and her schoolmates .
A.taught them how to use computers
B.recorded jokes and poems for them
C.wrote them letters to cheer them up
D.delivered food or other supplies for them
答案
语篇解读 本文以表格的形式介绍了四位青少年在网络论坛上分享自己如何帮助老人。
1.D 细节理解题。根据问题关键信息“created Teens Helping Seniors”定位到Matt所对应的内容中的“I created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends.”,故选D。
2.A 细节理解题。根据Linda所说的第二句话“Now there are 50 local seniors in the weekly technology classes.”可知选A。
3.C 细节理解题。根据Kathy所说的第一句中的“so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters”可知选C。
长难句分析 I heard that the seniors in the nursing home couldn’t see their family and friends very often, so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters. 我听说在养老院的老人们不能经常见到他们的家人和朋友,因此,我和我的朋友们决定通过给他们写信使他们高兴起来。
本句为并列复合句。so连接两个并列分句,前一个分句中that引导宾语从句,作heard的宾语。
词汇积累 deliver v.递送,运送;connect v.连接;cheer up 使高兴,使振奋
Passage 4(2019北京,A)
Experiencing China
Mike, Canada I spent three months with my host family(接待家庭)in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
Joanna, Australia I stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her.
Bill, America My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America.
Cindy, Germany Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us.
1.Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital
A.Mike. B.Joanna. C.Bill. D.Cindy.
2.How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China
A.Three months. B.Four months.
C.Five months. D.Six months.
3.Cindy thinks her host sister is .
A.a wonderful cook
B.a responsible doctor
C.a warm hearted teacher
D.a hardworking student
答案
语篇解读 本文以表格的形式讲述了四位来自不同国家的学生在中国接待家庭的经历。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的第四句话“I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital.”可知选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的第一句话“I stayed with my host family for five months.”可知选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四个表格中的第三句话“My host sister is a really hardworking student.”可知选D。
词汇积累 warm hearted adj.热心的;share v.分享;take part in参与;make progress取得进步
长难句分析 It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. 看到她如何在英语方面取得进步令人惊讶。
本句为主从复合句。It为形式主语,真正的主语为to see how she made progress in English; how引导宾语从句,作see的宾语。
Passage 5(2018北京,A)
1.When did Roger have his birthday party
A.Last Wednesday.
B.Last Thursday.
C.Last Friday.
D.Last Saturday.
2.Who went on a school field trip last week
A.Alan. B.Jessica.
C.Sara. D.Richard.
3.Martin went to Atlanta to .
A.speak at a conference
B.organize a party
C.perform in a competition
D.visit a university
答案
语篇解读 本文介绍了4个孩子在过去的某个时间做的一些事情,内容简单易懂。
1.D 细节理解题。根据Roger说的第二句“It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.”可知答案。
2.B 细节理解题。根据Jessica说的第二句“My class were on a school field trip last week.”可知答案。
3.C 细节理解题。由Martin说的第二句话“Last Thursday, my...went to Atlanta to perform...”可知答案。
词汇积累 celebrate v.庆祝,庆贺;charity n.慈善
长难句分析 He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years. 他在会议上讲到了过去的几年里他从事的慈善工作。
本句是主从复合句,主句主语是He,谓语动词是spoke,that he...是定语从句,修饰the charity work。
分类训练二 记叙文
Passage 1(2022北京,B)
I joined a band(乐队) as a drummer in my middle school. I thought it would be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy, but a month later, it got difficult. I was the only one who couldn’t keep pace(节奏) with the other players.
Our teacher, Angie, singled me out to keep practicing while everyone else got to relax. I felt ashamed(羞愧的) as my teammates watched me fail so many times. Finally I got so tired of practicing that I didn’t care about doing it right.
“Are you giving up on me, Steve ” Angie asked.
“Yes, I am,” I shouted. Angie sent me inside the music room, where I cried out. Then she came in and said, “Don’t be sad. I believe you can make it!” She told me never to give up. She left me alone and I realized Angie was right—by giving up, I was also giving up on the team and myself.
With her comfort, I decided to go on practicing. However, I still couldn’t play well. Knowing my difficulties, my teammates gave me a hand. They spent about three more hours practicing with me every week. Thanks to their support and help, I began to keep pace with them. Later, we performed wonderfully in an important show.
In the whole process, I was taught that although we each had our own job to do in a show, it would take all of us working together to make the show great. I felt accepted and made great progress. I love everyone in the band. I can’t imagine what my school life would be like without them.
1.One month after he joined the band, Steve felt playing the drum was .
A.funny B.helpful C.noisy D.difficult
2.With Angie’s comfort, Steve decided to .
A.have a good rest B.go on practicing
C.give others a hand D.start another band
3.From his experience, Steve learned about .
A.the value of teamwork
B.the effect of shows
C.the importance of hobbies
D.the power of music
答案
语篇解读 本文是记叙文,主要讲述了Steve在老师和团队的帮助下克服困难,坚持刻苦训练,最终与乐队共同出色完成重要表演的故事。主题语境属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群,涉及子主题“身心健康,抗挫能力,珍爱生命的意识”。
1.答案 D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“At first it was easy, but a month later, it got difficult.”可知加入乐队一个月后,Steve感觉打鼓是困难的,故选D。
2.答案 B 细节理解题。根据第五段中“With her comfort, I decided to go on practicing.”可知在Angie的安慰下Steve决定继续练习,故选B。
3.答案 A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In the whole process, I was taught that although we each had our own job to do in a show, it would take all of us working together to make the show great.”可以推断出Steve从中学到了团队合作的价值,故选A。
Passage 2(2021北京,B)
When I was in the eighth grade, my class was assigned(指派) to be friends with the second grade kids. I got this little girl named Shelley. The first time I saw her, she was silent and cold. She was small for her age, and she didn’t play with the other kids in her class.
I tried all kinds of things to get her to talk to me. I bought her toys, crayons and candies. But try as I might, nothing worked. One time, I gave her a coloring book and said, “Shelley, now you can color in it any time.”
Shelley looked at the coloring book and then looked up at me, and finally looked away. By that time, I didn’t know how I was going to get through to the little girl, but I knew I wouldn’t give up on her.
One Friday, I decided to tell her a story about my childhood. I told her that I felt lonely when I was with my classmates, and how I thought only my teachers liked me. I also told her that every day was a battle(战役) for me and I fought back tears so people wouldn’t know how much I was hurting.
She sat there just listening, trying to decide whether I was lying or not. Finally, when my story ended, there were tears in her eyes. And then she did the unthinkable. She said, “Thank you.” From then on, Shelley was a different little girl. She started smiling and talking with other kids.
Looking back at this I’m in awe(惊叹), because all I did was to help her realize that she wasn’t alone. I didn’t ask her to tell her story, because her story is my story.
1.What was Shelley like when the writer first saw her
A.Cold. B.Lazy. C.Noisy. D.Slow.
2.In order to get through to Shelley, the writer .
A.wrote her a book B.made her a toy
C.drew her a picture D.told her a story
3.Shelley changed a lot because she realized that .
A.her teachers loved her
B.her classmates were kind
C.the writer understood her
D.she had to study even harder
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,作者通过讲述自己的故事感动并帮助一个女孩儿变得开朗阳光。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“...she was silent and cold.”可知答案,故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据题干关键信息“get through to Shelley”可定位到第三段最后一句,即作者不知道如何让Shelley接受自己,但作者不会放弃。接下来第四段第一句表示作者决定向她讲述自己童年的故事,由此可知答案,故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。结合第四段作者给Shelley讲自己童年时的经历和最后一段中help her realize that she wasn’t alone和her story is my story可推断出,Shelley是因为作者的理解而改变了很多,故选C。
词汇积累 get through to sb.使某人理解
长难句分析 I told her that I felt lonely when I was with my classmates, and how I thought only my teachers liked me.我告诉她,当我和同学们在一起时我感到孤独,我觉得只有老师喜欢我。
本句中that引导宾语从句,how也引导宾语从句;when引导时间状语从句。
Passage 3(2020北京,B)
A Day at the Nature Center
Emma stared (凝视) sadly out of the window of the bus. Only 50 miles outside town was the farm. She thought about the farm all the time, especially the animals.
When her family sold the farm and moved to a nearby town, Emma was excited. But when she got to the new school, she felt very lonely.
squirrel
With a sigh (叹气), Emma turned her attention back to the present. The bus came to a stop. “Welcome to the Leinweber Nature Center,” her teacher said. “A guide will give us a presentation about animals, and then you’ll help to feed the baby squirrels. Now, I want everyone to find a partner.”
Emma didn’t have any friends yet—who would be her partner Emma got close to Julia, a talkative and outgoing girl. “Could I be your partner ” Emma asked uncertainly.
“Sure,” said Julia warmly.
Together, the girls walked into the center. After the presentation, a keeper showed them how to hold the bottle of milk for baby squirrels. Then the girls started to feed their own baby squirrels.
After the babies finished eating, the keeper asked, “Would you like to help feed the adult squirrels, too ”
Emma was quick to volunteer, but when the keeper opened the first cage, the squirrel inside jumped out. Emma remained calm (镇静的), held out her hand, made quiet sounds, and then quickly got it.
“Wow!” Julia said. “You’re always so quiet. I thought you were afraid of everything, but you are brave.”
“I know that when animals are frightened or excited, you have to stay calm.”
The keeper nodded in agreement and asked Emma, “Would you be interested in volunteering to help out with the animals at the center ”
“Interested I would love to work here! What an opportunity!” Emma was excited.
That afternoon, on the bus on the way back to school, Emma sat next to Julia, her new friend. A rush of newfound happiness washed over her.
1.How did Emma feel when she got to the new school
A.Lonely. B.Lucky.
C.Surprised. D.Angry.
2.At the nature center, Emma and Julia .
A.took a chance to be tour guides
B.helped to feed the baby squirrels
C.asked the keeper many questions
D.made a presentation about nature
3.On the way back to school, Emma felt happy because .
A.the volunteers warmly welcomed her
B.the teacher praised her for her bravery
C.she found a place to care for animals and made a friend
D.she went back to the farm and learned a lot about animals
答案
语篇解读 本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了埃玛跟着家人从农场搬家到一个小镇上,但是由于在新的学校没有朋友,她感到很孤独。但在一次学校组织的参观自然中心的活动中,埃玛不仅发现了自我价值,还收获了友谊。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But when she got to the new school,she felt very lonely.”可知选 A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“Then the girls started to feed their own baby squirrels.”可知选B。
3.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I would love to work here! What an opportunity!”以及最后一段第一句“That afternoon, on the bus on the way back to school, Emma sat next to Julia, her new friend.”可知,埃玛非常兴奋能够得到在自然中心做志愿者的工作,并且交到了新朋友,故选 C。
词汇积累 remain calm 保持镇静;frightened adj.害怕的,受惊的
长难句分析 Emma was quick to volunteer, but when the keeper opened the first cage, the squirrel inside jumped out. 埃玛很快自愿去帮助,但是当饲养员打开第一个笼子时,里面的松鼠跳了出来。
本句为并列复合句,but连接两个并列分句,在but后面的分句中when引导时间状语从句。
Passage 4(2019北京,B)
Blue Lightning
Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go kart to enter for the Go Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.
“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.”
A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed.”
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”
“Oh, do you ” he said. “Please share.”
“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt(闪电)shape.”
“Very good!” Dad said.
“So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place ” Sally asked.
Dad laughed, “Where’s the fun in that If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he’ll eat for a lifetime.”
Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!”
Dad smiled, “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go kart, he nodded with pride.
Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.
1.Sally thought of building a go kart to .
A.practice driving B.enter for a race
C.play with friends D.do some research
2.What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go kart
A.To have a test drive.
B.To take a good rest.
C.To give it a cool name.
D.To paint it light blue.
3.Sally’s story mainly tells us that .
A.winning a race is important
B.fishing brings us a lot of fun
C.driving experience is necessary
D.learning happens during the process
答案
语篇解读 本文为记叙文,属于人物故事类。文章讲述了主人公萨莉与父亲一起制作赛车的故事。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“This spring she thought of building a go kart to enter for the Go Go Race.”可知选B。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知答案为A。
3.D 主旨大意题。倒数第三段中的“Sometimes, learning happens during the process.”为本文的主旨句。故选D。
词汇积累 design n.& v.设计;process n.过程;nod v.点头;pride n.骄傲,自豪
Passage 5(2018北京,B)
A Beautiful Moment
When I was in high school, I worked part time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits, a little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old, and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French),“They’re good!” I knew it was French, because I can speak and understand it.
Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them, but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.
Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.
Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits, as the two kids did.
It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didn’t tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language. This is what I regret to this day.
1.The woman and her kids came to the market to buy .
A.fruits B.vegetables
C.candies D.toys
2.According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldn’t .
A.speak B.see
C.smell D.hear
3.The writer was moved because .
A.the mother was brave to face her problems
B.the kids were polite and kind to each other
C.the mother was careful in picking out things
D.the kids were so willing to help their mother
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述一对小兄妹帮助他们的妈妈挑选水果的过程,让读者感受到了他们之间感人至深的亲情,体现了人间的真情。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“They were looking at the fruits in front of me.”可知答案。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的最后一句中的“I was sure she was blind”可知答案。
3.D 细节理解题。第四段第二句“It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help.”与D选项表达相同的意思,故选择D。
词汇积累 pick out精心挑选;regret v.后悔;witness v.见证,当场看到;continue v.继续;obviously adv.明显地,显而易见地
分类训练三 说明文
Passage 1(2022北京,C)
What does it mean to be green Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Buying a green product is a small step everyone can take. Deciding whether a product is green, however, isn’t always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product, even after it’s of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind.
The materials of a product are usually our first focus(关注). What is it made of Are there any harmful chemicals in it Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals, so they can be good for our physical health.
Packaging is important. How is a product packaged Is it over packaged We’d better choose glass, metal and paper packaging, as these can be reused or more easily recycled(回收利用). We can also look for less packaging or even choose unbagged products whenever possible.
Location(地点) matters. Where was a product produced Where are we buying it Think about how much energy was used to get it to us. Try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order directly from local farmers, shop at markets and buy fruits in season. Buying from stores near our houses is also a good choice, because we can go there without driving a car.
Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural”, but the words may be too good to be true. So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.
The greenest thing is certainly the one we don’t buy. Things like food and clothing are necessary for life. But many others are not. Better than buying is choosing to leave an unnecessary product in the store and doing without. It sends a message to the producer, keeps money in our pockets, reduces(减少) waste and keeps the planet healthy.
1.The writer would suggest choosing a product that is .
A.over packaged
B.delivered from abroad
C.locally produced
D.made of unnatural materials
2.The words “be taken with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean “ ”.
A.be easily understood
B.not be completely believed
C.be widely spread
D.not be quickly forgotten
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Buying Green
B.Recycling Waste
C.Keeping Healthy
D.Reducing Energy Use
答案
语篇解读 本文是说明文,主要从产品的材料、包装、产地等方面介绍鉴别绿色产品的方法。主题语境属于“人与自然”主题范畴中“环境保护”这一主题群,涉及子主题“环境污染及原因,环保意识和行为”。
1.答案 C 细节理解题。由第三段中“We can also look for less packaging or even choose unbagged products whenever possible.”可知A项错误;由第四段中“Try to choose local products.”可知B项错误,C项正确;由第二段中“Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals”可知D项错误。
2.答案 B 词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的前一句“It’s easy to say that a product is ‘green’ or ‘all natural’, but the words may be too good to be true.”可知,说一种产品是“环保的”或“纯天然的”很容易,但这些话可能好得令人难以置信。结合画线部分所在句的So可推断此处指对于产品的许多信息不要完全相信,故选B。
3.答案 A 标题归纳题。本文主要是从产品的材料、包装、产地等方面介绍鉴别绿色产品的方法。由此可知,文章最好的标题是A项(购买绿色产品)。
Passage 2(2021北京,C)
School Gardens Could Help Children Try
More Vegetables
It’s not always enjoyable for children to eat vegetables. But what if a garden is built in the school New research suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children’s vegetable intake(摄入量).
How the Study Was Carried Out
The study was carried out in eight schools. Each school was in the gardening program for one school year. Every child in grades 3—5 received a total of eighteen 60 minute lessons across the school year. In the program, each school built a garden, where children learned to grow their own fresh produce, like fruit and vegetables.
The Benefits Children Could Get
The study found that vegetable intake of the children who grew their own produce increased greatly across the year. Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronic diseases(慢性疾病). Not only are there benefits to health, increasing the variety of vegetables children are exposed(接触)to may also make mealtimes much easier. “Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetables are more likely to try new foods,” explains Dr. Kerry Jones. For children, growing their own food is a powerful tool to increase their intake of the food.
2
Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful. “If children are learning about vegetables at school, it’s important to encourage this interest,” says Jones. Parents can listen to their children about what they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school. Parents and children can also read books together. Younger children can enjoy reading stories about vegetables with parents who offer the useful message. Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cook vegetables in a tasty way. Besides, a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children to understand more about where their food comes from.
Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce. If children are taught to enjoy vegetables early in life, they will probably continue eating vegetables in the long term.
1.What did children do in the gardening program
A.They did research on new plants.
B.They grew fresh produce at school.
C.They took home green vegetables.
D.They built gardens for their classes.
2.Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4
A.Ideas to Encourage Children to Cook atHome
B.Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home
C.Reasons Why Parents Should UnderstandChildren
D.Suggestions Which Children Could Get from Parents
3.What can we learn from the program
A.Parents’ support might improve children’s reading.
B.School programs could develop students’ creativity.
C.Doing studies can prepare students for future learning.
D.Hands on experience may influence children’s preference.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一个让孩子们自己动手在学校花园里种植蔬菜的项目表明,实际动手的经验会影响孩子们的偏好。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知答案,故选B。
2.B 标题归纳题。第四段第一句指出,任何能让孩子更多地接触蔬菜的机会都是有意义的,第二句到最后一句都在介绍学生在家可以通过哪些方式了解更多关于蔬菜的知识,从而爱上蔬菜,故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。最后一段第一句指出,教孩子们种植自己的农产品是一种很好的方式,这种方式可以增加他们对这种农产品的偏好。由此推断D选项(实际动手的经验可能会影响孩子们的偏好)正确,故选D。
词汇积累 carry out 实施,执行;the variety of...……的多样性;be exposed to 使接触;in the long term从长远来看
Passage 3(2020北京,C)
There are millions of recipes (菜谱) hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmothers and parents. These family recipes are a special part of our family history. Some of them have been passed down from generation(一代人) to generation.
“I realized I couldn’t go home every weekend for my mom’s delicious dishes,”says Shreya, who is about to enter university. Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen, taking notes on how to make her “masala chai” and tasty kachoris.
“Those special tastes can immediately unlock a whole flood of emotions, memories and feelings of family, love, and comfort,” says she.
She adds, “I am looking to the day when my kids will come to know of their grandmothers through the dishes they cooked.”
But many of us find it difficult to keep the food connection with our busy life. Even if we have time, not many of us take the effort to collect and record the recipes from our grandmothers and parents. We often get a recipe on the phone and take it down quickly on a piece of paper. We just stick it onto the fridge for a week or two and forget about it as soon as the paper disappears from there.
Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes. Scrapbooks (剪贴簿)are easily found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier. What is needed is to scan(扫描) the recipes and record the story behind each of them. It can become the most meaningful work you have ever done with and for your family.
Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger. Every time you remember your loved ones, recreate one of the dishes from your collection and let the memories from the good old days comfort you. So why not gift your kids a family recipe book when they are starting a new life
1.Why does Shreya follow her mother around the kitchen
A.To clean up the kitchen.
B.To note down recipes.
C.To prepare family dinners.
D.To talk about family rules.
2.What can we learn from the passage
A.Ways to record recipes can be easy.
B.Most people like writing recipe books.
C.Recipes have become popular with kids.
D.People often buy recipe books in the market.
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Family Recipes:Secrets of Cooking
B.Family Recipes Are at a Crossroads
C.Family Recipes:Connections to Interests
D.Family Recipes Are More than Just Recipes
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍记录家庭菜谱的方法和意义,说明了家庭菜谱可以构建家庭纽带,传递爱与回忆。
1.B 细节理解题。根据题干中的“Shreya follow her mother around the kitchen”可定位到第二段最后一句“...taking notes on how to make...”。由此可知Shreya跟着她妈妈在厨房忙碌是为了写下菜谱,故选B。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第六段第一句可知,有简单的记录家庭菜谱的方法。由“With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier.”可知,一些应用程序的使用让记录家庭菜谱变得简单。故选A。
3.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了家庭菜谱是家庭历史的一部分,有一些已经被一代一代地传承下来。第二至五段介绍了Shreya记录她的家庭菜谱的经历以及当代很多人不愿意花时间去记录家庭菜谱的现状。第六、七段说明实际上记录家庭菜谱是简单且意义重大的,它是家庭关系的纽带,传递着家庭的爱与回忆。故选D(家庭菜谱不仅仅是菜谱)。
词汇积累 pass down流传,使世代相传;at a crossroads在紧要关头,处于关键时刻
长难句分析 But many of us find it difficult to keep the food connection with our busy life.但是我们中的许多人发现将食物与忙碌的生活联系起来是困难的。
本句是简单句,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是to keep the food connection with our busy life。
Passage 4(2019北京,C)
Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(心理学的)processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触)to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.
It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.
How can we slow down time Here are two suggestions.
Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加)our experience of time.
Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience—to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time expanding effect.
To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It’s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.
1.According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .
A.going to bed on time
B.traveling to new places
C.having dinner as usual
D.printing the same materials
2.What can we learn from the passage
A.Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.
B.Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.
C.We can take in more information by living through our senses.
D.We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Slow Down Time
B.Only Time Will Tell
C.Race Against Time
D.Time Will Not Come Twice
答案
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文,主要介绍了心理学意义上时间可以慢下来,并提出了扩展时间体验的建议。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down.可知,体验新鲜事物可以延长时间体验,故选B。
2.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience—to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. 可知,通过感官来感受身边的事物可以接收到更多信息, 故选C。
3.A 主旨大意题。第一段的最后一句提出了心理学意义上我们可以让时间慢下来,并在第五段和第六段提出了关于如何扩展时间体验让时间慢下来的建议。故选A。
词汇积累 slow down 使……慢下来;speed up 加速;rather than 而不是;to a certain degree在一定程度上
长难句分析 One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed to new environments and experiences.心理时间的一个基本规律是,当我们接触到新的环境和经历时,时间似乎会变慢。
本句是主从复合句,其中that引导表语从句,when引导时间状语从句。
Passage 5(2018北京,C)
Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function (认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.
The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children’s addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers.
“This is the first study that shows the association between long term exposure to green space and brain structure,” says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study. “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”
The findings show that long term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.
Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.
Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.
Dr. Dadvand’s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green space on cognitive development. It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.
Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.
1.The second paragraph is mainly about .
A.how the study was performed
B.what was recorded in the study
C.how long the study lasted
D.who took part in the study
2.The word “prompt” in Paragraph 6 probably means “ ”.
A.control B.encourage
C.balance D.change
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.
B.Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.
C.Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of Spain.
D.Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇科学报告类文章,通过对一项研究的介绍,论证了绿地对于人的发展的重要性,凸显了生态文明建设的必要性。
1.A 主旨大意题。考生回答主旨大意题时,要抓住段落中心句,第二段中心句即第一句“The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain.”,A项符合题意。其他选项的内容都是属于这项研究的一个部分,不能起到概括全段的作用。
2.B 词义猜测题。考生要联系上下文进行猜测理解。此题根据本段第二句“Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn.”以及画线词之后的“important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking”可知选B。
3.D 推理判断题。考生应该根据选项中的关键词返回到原文的相应位置进行判断。从第四段的倒数第一句话可以得知A选项错误。从第七段的第一句得知Dadvand博士强调结构性的改变会使绿地产生有益的影响,从而影响认知发展,B错误。C选项以偏概全,片面强调。故选择D。
词汇积累 raise v.提升,养育,增加;beneficial adj.有益的;be related to 与……有关联;opportunity n.机会,机遇;be associated with 与……有关系
长难句分析 The findings show that long term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain.研究结果表明,长期接触绿色与大脑若干部位的白质和灰质体积呈正相关。
本句是主从复合句。主句主语是The findings,谓语动词是show,that引导宾语从句。
分类训练四 议论文
Passage 1(2022北京,D)
A Pathway(路径) to Meaning in Life
When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素):having long term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s life fits together and “makes sense”.
But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty.
We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had people rate(评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.
In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.
All the results proved our theory(假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.
1.You were most probably in the EA condition when .
A.you made a travel plan for the coming holiday
B.you hurried to serve the customers in the store
C.you practiced hard to become the best violinist
D.you stopped to admire the roses by the roadside
2.What can we learn from the studies mentioned in the passage
A.Thinking back to the past weakens our sense of meaning.
B.Enjoying small things can influence our attitude toward life.
C.Proper stress management is the key to living a satisfying life.
D.Good judgment on beauty improves connections among people.
3.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A.It is easier for results driven people to achieve success.
B.We often turn a blind eye to the present moment.
C. A fast paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals.
D.Future life will bring us many more surprises.
4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A.To explain how to discover beauty in life.
B.To discuss what the true meaning of life is.
C.To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.
D.To compare different factors for meaningfulness.
答案
语篇解读 本文是议论文,主要介绍“体验生活之美”和“过有意义的人生”两者关系的科学研究。主题语境属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群,涉及子主题“丰富、充实、积极向上的生活”。
1.答案 D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty.”可知,EA是指人能感觉到事件间的联系,并能够在这种联系中欣赏其价值。它展示了对生活之美的发现和赞赏。根据EA的定义可以推论出D项(你停下来欣赏路边的玫瑰)符合EA状态,故选D。
2.答案 B 推理判断题。根据第七段内容可知,回顾过去有意义的事可提升EA,排除A项;根据第六段中“such as ‘I appreciate the beauty of life’...their life was valuable”可推测,享受小事影响我们的生活态度,B项正确;根据第五段中“We found that people...as highly meaningful.”可知,通过欣赏生活中美好的东西来管理压力的人觉得体验生活有意义,但不是关键,排除C项;根据第三段中“When people are...they see their own life.”可知,对美的判断力可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法,不能改变与他人的联系,排除D项。
3.答案 B 段落大意题。根据最后一段中 “This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now.”可知,这种对未来结果的关注使人们很容易错过目前正在发生的事情。B 项(我们经常对现在的时刻视而不见)最符合本段主题,故选B。
4.答案 C 写作目的题。文章阐释了一条实现有意义的生活的新路径,那就是发现并欣赏生活的美。因此可以推断作者的写作目的是为有意义的生活引入新因素,故选C。
Passage 2(2020北京,D)
Today we can do everything with apps: pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands. However, when it comes to technology and health care, opportunities and challenges come together.
Let’s start with the ways to get health care. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.
In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team. Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology.
A whole new age of medical care seems likely (可能的) to come in the future. But every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno health care
Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员), who can see and tell how a patient is doing. This may influence the treatment effect. It’s unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition.
Next, sharing the details of one’s life requires trust, which takes time to build. This is certainly true in health care, where some of life’s best and worst moments involve doctors. The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone.
Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there’s room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.
So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age Very talented companies are working on it. There is medical equipment (设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine. It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch. Patients often need someone to listen to—and care about—their journey story,which will never be realized through a human less technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.
1.According to the passage, how does technology help health care
A.It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites.
B.It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis.
C.It improves relations between doctors and patients.
D.It provides an opportunity to build a medical team.
2.The word “intuition” in Paragraph 5 probably means .
A.an ability to understand
B.an interesting experience
C.a chance to win
D.a fair decision
3.What do you know about techno health care from the passage
A.Patient websites require trust from doctors.
B.Talented companies can give medical advice.
C.Flagged results may cause worry for patients.
D.Medical equipment collects patients’ stories.
4.The writer probably agrees that .
A.technology can deal with unexpected effects
B.telemedicine can take the place of usual health care
C.it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age
D.techno health care should take humanity into consideration
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了远程医疗的优势和劣势以及未来医疗应该如何适应科技。
1.B 推理判断题。由第二段中的“Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis and instructions without leaving home.”可知,远程医疗可以使患者在家视频见到医生并获得诊断,这是一种很方便的方式。故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。由画线词前的such推断,前文一定有具体解释。根据前文“A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist, who can see and tell how a patient is doing.”可知,接待员能够判断患者究竟症状如何。而这一过程在网站上是无法实现的,故推断intuition指的是对病症的判断能力,故选A。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第七段中的“When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there’s...—and also great worry.”可知,当没有医学学位的患者在网上看到有标记的诊断结果而没有对结果的具体解释时,会很担心,故C选项正确。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Patients often need someone to listen to—and care about—their journey story, which will never be realized through a human less technology.”可知,患者需要有人倾听、关心他们,这是科技无法实现的。因此科技与医疗的结合应该把医生的仁爱考虑在内,故选D。
词汇积累 tell v.辨别;degree n.学位;take the place of代替;allow for考虑到
长难句分析 It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.一些公司似乎很可能会找到解释测试结果的方法。
本句是主从复合句,It是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。
Passage 3(2019北京,D)
How Much Can We Afford to Forget
In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access(获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads
Civilizations(文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well being(健康)depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.
1.Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases
A.Because they go off course in testing and scoring.
B.Because we control the training process on them.
C.Because we offer them too much information.
D.Because they overuse the provided answers.
2.The ease of accessing information from the Internet .
A.frees us from making efforts to learn new skills
B.prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed
C.misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge
D.separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines
3.The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ ”.
A.a sudden failure
B.the basic rule
C.a disappointing start
D.the gradual development
4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A.To question about the standards of information storage.
B.To discuss our problems of communication with machines.
C.To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.
D.To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.
答案
语篇解读 本文为一篇议论文。随着网络的快速发展,学生还需要记忆大量的知识吗 我们能依赖智能机器去记忆吗
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.可知选项B符合原文,故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.可知选项C符合原文, 故选C。
3.A 词义猜测题。画线词在句中为主语,结合句子的谓语和宾语(would produce terrible results)可知,会产生不好的结果,选项A符合原文,故选A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.可知,本文的主要目的是提醒人们依赖机器记忆的风险。故选D。
词汇积累 afford v.承担得起;no longer 不再;depend upon 依赖,取决于;at risk of 有……的风险;as long as 只要
长难句分析 As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten.只要旧形式的知识存储在我们的网络中的某个地方,并且在我们需要时可以找到它们,也许它们并没有真正被遗忘。
本句中As long as引导条件状语从句;when引导时间状语从句。
Passage 4(2018北京,D)
We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self improvement power. However, there’s always something staring at us right under our nose but we don’t see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self improvement power is when everything gets worst.
When do we realize that we need to change diets When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.
The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it.
Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self improvement power not because the world says so, but because we realize it’s for our own good.
Happy people don’t just accept change; they embrace (拥抱)it. Unlocking our self improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.
Jane always tells everyone that she doesn’t have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!
Self improvement may not be everybody’s favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self improvement power will we realize that we’re beginning to take things light and become happy.
1.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that .
A.we learn our lessons when we experience pain
B.we are responsible for the problems we meet
C.life fails us when we get into the wrong way
D.life is a long journey full of ups and downs
2.What is the key to solving Jane’s problem
A.She needs to remember why she started.
B.She has to know how to get on with people.
C.She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.
D.She needs to understand the importance of confidence.
3.The writer probably agrees that .
A.the world tells us how to improve ourselves
B.people change when they find it easy to do that
C.welcoming change in life is a drive to become better
D.enjoying the process of self improvement makes life simpler
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Is it important to take things light
B.Is it necessary to embrace challenges
C.To hold on to the last moment or to give up
D.To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文,作者通过对生活中一些现象的描述,表达了在生活中自我提升与改变的积极态度,同时也鼓励人们以乐观的态度面对生活中的动态变化。
1.A 推理判断题。通过第二段每个问题后的答句可以总结归纳出:我们只有在生活中真正得到教训了,才会做出一些改变。A选项表达的意思与之相符。故选择A。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第六段最后一句话“Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!”可知只有C选项表达正确。
3.C 推理判断题。A选项“the world tells us how to improve ourselves”与文章第四段表达的意思不相符。B选项“people change when they find it easy to do that”中的“easy”表达的意思与文章不符。D选项表达的意思与第七段的最后一句话不符。C选项表达的意思“乐于接受在生活中的改变是变得更好的驱动力”与原文一致,故选C。
4.D 主旨大意题。通过对文章的整体理解,A、B、C三个选项只说明了文章的一部分内容。D选项概括了全文的意思,也符合作者要表达的观点,故选择D。
词汇积累 realize v.实现,意识到;ignore v.忽视;embrace v.拥抱;instead of 代替,而不是;fall off 脱落;result in 导致,致使
长难句分析 We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self improvement power.我们在生活中经常会达到这样一个时刻,那就是我们应该准备好迎接将帮助我们释放自我提升的力量的改变。
本句是主从复合句,句中when引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词point。从句中还包含了一个以that作为关系代词的定语从句。
模拟检测一
Passage 1(2021西城一模)
Best Gifts for Your Teen Friends
Shopping for your teen friends’ birthday gifts can be difficult. Each year, we pay close attention to the newest gifts hitting the market. Below, we’ve created such a list, choosing some of the hottest items on store shelves right now.
Color changing Lamp Speaker $36.00 With a simple touch, this speaker lamp changes colors, plays music and helps them sleep. They can even bring it with them on camping trips since it can run for up to 120 hours. Harry Potter Paperback Box Set $80.00 If they’re getting sick of borrowing the local library’s copies, then they need a complete collection of Harry Potter to call their own. This set comes with all seven books in the series (系列).
The Mind Card Game $20.00 This is a board game that encourages true teamwork, because the number one rule is “No talking!” If successful, they’ll be amazed at how well they work with their teammates without using any words. Bluetooth Wireless (无线) Smart Beanie $15.00 Trying to wear headphones and a hat at the same time is usually uncomfortable. This smart beanie can keep their ears warm in winter, while allowing them to listen to their favorite playlists for up to five hours. Also, it’s washable as long as you take out the battery (电池).
1.Which gift encourages teamwork
A.The Mind Card Game.
B.Harry Potter Paperback Box Set.
C.Color changing Lamp Speaker.
D.Bluetooth Wireless Smart Beanie.
2.How much should you pay for a color changing lamp speaker
A.$80.00. B.$36.00. C.$20.00. D.$15.00.
3.The Bluetooth Wireless Smart Beanie .
A.comes with all seven books
B.can run for about five hours in winter
C.can change colors and help one sleep
D.follows the number one rule “No talking!”
答案
语篇解读 本文介绍了四种可以为朋友准备的热门生日礼物。
1.A 细节理解题。根据题干关键词encourages teamwork可定位到文中The Mind Card Game一栏里的第一句话的This is a board game that encourages true teamwork,故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据题干中的color changing lamp speaker 可以定位到表格第一栏中的价格$36.00,故选B。
3.B 细节理解题。根据题干中的Bluetooth Wireless Smart Beanie定位到表格最后一栏第二句...in winter,while allowing them to listen to their favorite playlists for up to five hours.可知,B选项正确,故选B。
词汇积累 pay close attention to密切关注;as long as 只要
技巧点拨 细节理解题主要考查学生筛选细节信息的能力,需要学生在理解题干含义的基础上直接到文中定位原句,从而快速得出答案。
Passage 2(2022朝阳一模)
Once upon a time, there lived a wise man. His son, however, was very lazy.
The man was worried about his son’s future. And he recognized the need to give something to his son so that he could take care of himself.
One day, the man said to his son, “I want you to find the real purpose of your life.” Then he handed his son a map and asked him to find the treasure.
The son set out the next day. Along the way, he met a lot of people. Some helped him with food, and some with shelter(住所). Finally, after a long year, he reached the place. But he found nothing.
On his way back, he went through the same places. But this time, he stopped to enjoy the beauty of nature. He learned how to hunt, cook, and protect himself from wild animals. He met the same people who had helped him earlier, and this time he helped them in return.
When he reached home, he apologized(道歉) to his father for not finding the treasure.
“There wasn’t any treasure, my son,” the man answered with a smile.
“But why did you send me to find it ” he asked.
Instead of answering the question, the father said, “How was your journey to the place ”
“I didn’t enjoy it at all! Because I was in a hurry looking for the treasure. But I did enjoy the journey on my way back home. I made many friends and I learned so many skills, which made me forget the pain of not finding the treasure.”
His father said to him, “Now I think you have found your life’s true purpose. I want you to lead your life with a goal. But if you remain too focused (专注的) on your goal, you will miss out the real treasure of life, that is, to just experience it and grow with it every single day.”
1.The son set out on the journey because he wanted to .
A.travel around B.experience life
C.find the treasure D.help other people
2.When he returned home and saw his father, the son felt .
A.excited B.sorry
C.satisfied D.disappointed
3.The old man told his son the real purpose of life is to .
A.live life to the fullest B.find many interests
C.develop skills to live in the wild D.never give up searching for treasure
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一位智者为了让懒惰的儿子明白人生的意义,故意让儿子去寻找财宝的故事。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then he handed his son a map and asked him to find the treasure.”可知,儿子出发寻找财宝,故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。根据题干定位到第六段“When he reached home, he apologized to his father for not finding the treasure.”可知,因为他没有找到财宝而感到抱歉,故选B。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I want you to lead your life with a goal. But if you remain too focused on your goal, you will miss out the real treasure of life, that is, to just experience it and grow with it every single day.”可知,老人告诉他的儿子,生活的真正目的是把生活过得充实,故选A。
词汇积累 treasure 财宝 recognize 意识到 remain保持
长难句分析 But if you remain too focused on your goal, you will miss out the real treasure of life, that is, to just experience it and grow with it every single day.但是如果你过于专注于你的目标,你就专题十一 阅读选择
分类训练一 应用文
Passage 1(2022北京,A)
1.Who is Emma’s role model
A.Ms. Li. B.Mrs. White.
C.Norman Bethune. D.Yuan Longping.
2.What does Betty want to be in the future
A.A teacher. B.A scientist.
C.A doctor. D.A volunteer.
3.What do we know about Ms. Li
A.She worked in a hospital.
B.She solved the food problems.
C.She is old in age but young at heart.
D.She is very patient with her students.
Passage 2(2021北京,A)
Young Heroes for the Planet
Nowadays, people around the world are working to help our planet. Check out how the four young adults made a difference.
1.Who started a group to teach kids about pandas
A.Jack. B.Kathy. C.Linda. D.Patrick.
2.How old was Linda when she invented SuperE
A.11. B.12. C.13. D.14.
3.What was the goal of Patrick’s project
A.To fight plastic pollution.
B.To protect pandas in danger.
C.To learn about native plants.
D.To use heat to make electricity.
Passage 3(2020北京,A)
Helping Seniors(老年人)
Matt Posted 5/15/20 4:53 PM
I created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends. The group has about 200 volunteers. The volunteers deliver food or other supplies for the elderly in town. I spend six to eight hours a week buying food and making deliveries. By now we have completed 350 deliveries.
Linda Posted 5/15/20 6:25 PM
I organized Mittler Senior Technology, a program to help the elderly learn how to use computers and smartphones. Now there are 50 local seniors in the weekly technology classes. I want to make sure that the seniors could stay connected to the world.
Jordan Posted 5/16/20 5:20 PM
I came up with a way to help lonely seniors with my friends. We call it the Joy 4 All Project. By dialing 569-4255, the elderly can hear pre recorded jokes and poems. The hotline has received more than 1,800 phone calls.
Kathy Posted 5/16/20 7:46 PM
I heard that the seniors in the nursing home couldn’t see their family and friends very often, so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters. We want them to know that nobody is being forgotten. By now more than 100 students in my school have joined us.
1.Who created Teens Helping Seniors
A.Kathy. B.Linda. C.Jordan. D.Matt.
2.How many local seniors are there in the weekly technology classes
A.50. B.100. C.200. D.350.
3.To help the elderly in the nursing home, Kathy and her schoolmates .
A.taught them how to use computers
B.recorded jokes and poems for them
C.wrote them letters to cheer them up
D.delivered food or other supplies for them
Passage 4(2019北京,A)
Experiencing China
Mike, Canada I spent three months with my host family(接待家庭)in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
Joanna, Australia I stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her.
Bill, America My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America.
Cindy, Germany Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us.
1.Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital
A.Mike. B.Joanna. C.Bill. D.Cindy.
2.How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China
A.Three months. B.Four months.
C.Five months. D.Six months.
3.Cindy thinks her host sister is .
A.a wonderful cook
B.a responsible doctor
C.a warm hearted teacher
D.a hardworking student
Passage 5(2018北京,A)
1.When did Roger have his birthday party
A.Last Wednesday.
B.Last Thursday.
C.Last Friday.
D.Last Saturday.
2.Who went on a school field trip last week
A.Alan. B.Jessica.
C.Sara. D.Richard.
3.Martin went to Atlanta to .
A.speak at a conference
B.organize a party
C.perform in a competition
D.visit a university
分类训练二 记叙文
Passage 1(2022北京,B)
I joined a band(乐队) as a drummer in my middle school. I thought it would be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy, but a month later, it got difficult. I was the only one who couldn’t keep pace(节奏) with the other players.
Our teacher, Angie, singled me out to keep practicing while everyone else got to relax. I felt ashamed(羞愧的) as my teammates watched me fail so many times. Finally I got so tired of practicing that I didn’t care about doing it right.
“Are you giving up on me, Steve ” Angie asked.
“Yes, I am,” I shouted. Angie sent me inside the music room, where I cried out. Then she came in and said, “Don’t be sad. I believe you can make it!” She told me never to give up. She left me alone and I realized Angie was right—by giving up, I was also giving up on the team and myself.
With her comfort, I decided to go on practicing. However, I still couldn’t play well. Knowing my difficulties, my teammates gave me a hand. They spent about three more hours practicing with me every week. Thanks to their support and help, I began to keep pace with them. Later, we performed wonderfully in an important show.
In the whole process, I was taught that although we each had our own job to do in a show, it would take all of us working together to make the show great. I felt accepted and made great progress. I love everyone in the band. I can’t imagine what my school life would be like without them.
1.One month after he joined the band, Steve felt playing the drum was .
A.funny B.helpful C.noisy D.difficult
2.With Angie’s comfort, Steve decided to .
A.have a good rest B.go on practicing
C.give others a hand D.start another band
3.From his experience, Steve learned about .
A.the value of teamwork
B.the effect of shows
C.the importance of hobbies
D.the power of music
Passage 2(2021北京,B)
When I was in the eighth grade, my class was assigned(指派) to be friends with the second grade kids. I got this little girl named Shelley. The first time I saw her, she was silent and cold. She was small for her age, and she didn’t play with the other kids in her class.
I tried all kinds of things to get her to talk to me. I bought her toys, crayons and candies. But try as I might, nothing worked. One time, I gave her a coloring book and said, “Shelley, now you can color in it any time.”
Shelley looked at the coloring book and then looked up at me, and finally looked away. By that time, I didn’t know how I was going to get through to the little girl, but I knew I wouldn’t give up on her.
One Friday, I decided to tell her a story about my childhood. I told her that I felt lonely when I was with my classmates, and how I thought only my teachers liked me. I also told her that every day was a battle(战役) for me and I fought back tears so people wouldn’t know how much I was hurting.
She sat there just listening, trying to decide whether I was lying or not. Finally, when my story ended, there were tears in her eyes. And then she did the unthinkable. She said, “Thank you.” From then on, Shelley was a different little girl. She started smiling and talking with other kids.
Looking back at this I’m in awe(惊叹), because all I did was to help her realize that she wasn’t alone. I didn’t ask her to tell her story, because her story is my story.
1.What was Shelley like when the writer first saw her
A.Cold. B.Lazy. C.Noisy. D.Slow.
2.In order to get through to Shelley, the writer .
A.wrote her a book B.made her a toy
C.drew her a picture D.told her a story
3.Shelley changed a lot because she realized that .
A.her teachers loved her
B.her classmates were kind
C.the writer understood her
D.she had to study even harder
Passage 3(2020北京,B)
A Day at the Nature Center
Emma stared (凝视) sadly out of the window of the bus. Only 50 miles outside town was the farm. She thought about the farm all the time, especially the animals.
When her family sold the farm and moved to a nearby town, Emma was excited. But when she got to the new school, she felt very lonely.
squirrel
With a sigh (叹气), Emma turned her attention back to the present. The bus came to a stop. “Welcome to the Leinweber Nature Center,” her teacher said. “A guide will give us a presentation about animals, and then you’ll help to feed the baby squirrels. Now, I want everyone to find a partner.”
Emma didn’t have any friends yet—who would be her partner Emma got close to Julia, a talkative and outgoing girl. “Could I be your partner ” Emma asked uncertainly.
“Sure,” said Julia warmly.
Together, the girls walked into the center. After the presentation, a keeper showed them how to hold the bottle of milk for baby squirrels. Then the girls started to feed their own baby squirrels.
After the babies finished eating, the keeper asked, “Would you like to help feed the adult squirrels, too ”
Emma was quick to volunteer, but when the keeper opened the first cage, the squirrel inside jumped out. Emma remained calm (镇静的), held out her hand, made quiet sounds, and then quickly got it.
“Wow!” Julia said. “You’re always so quiet. I thought you were afraid of everything, but you are brave.”
“I know that when animals are frightened or excited, you have to stay calm.”
The keeper nodded in agreement and asked Emma, “Would you be interested in volunteering to help out with the animals at the center ”
“Interested I would love to work here! What an opportunity!” Emma was excited.
That afternoon, on the bus on the way back to school, Emma sat next to Julia, her new friend. A rush of newfound happiness washed over her.
1.How did Emma feel when she got to the new school
A.Lonely. B.Lucky.
C.Surprised. D.Angry.
2.At the nature center, Emma and Julia .
A.took a chance to be tour guides
B.helped to feed the baby squirrels
C.asked the keeper many questions
D.made a presentation about nature
3.On the way back to school, Emma felt happy because .
A.the volunteers warmly welcomed her
B.the teacher praised her for her bravery
C.she found a place to care for animals and made a friend
D.she went back to the farm and learned a lot about animals
Passage 4(2019北京,B)
Blue Lightning
Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go kart to enter for the Go Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.
“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.”
A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed.”
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”
“Oh, do you ” he said. “Please share.”
“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt(闪电)shape.”
“Very good!” Dad said.
“So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place ” Sally asked.
Dad laughed, “Where’s the fun in that If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he’ll eat for a lifetime.”
Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!”
Dad smiled, “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go kart, he nodded with pride.
Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.
1.Sally thought of building a go kart to .
A.practice driving B.enter for a race
C.play with friends D.do some research
2.What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go kart
A.To have a test drive.
B.To take a good rest.
C.To give it a cool name.
D.To paint it light blue.
3.Sally’s story mainly tells us that .
A.winning a race is important
B.fishing brings us a lot of fun
C.driving experience is necessary
D.learning happens during the process
Passage 5(2018北京,B)
A Beautiful Moment
When I was in high school, I worked part time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits, a little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old, and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French),“They’re good!” I knew it was French, because I can speak and understand it.
Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them, but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.
Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.
Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits, as the two kids did.
It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didn’t tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language. This is what I regret to this day.
1.The woman and her kids came to the market to buy .
A.fruits B.vegetables
C.candies D.toys
2.According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldn’t .
A.speak B.see
C.smell D.hear
3.The writer was moved because .
A.the mother was brave to face her problems
B.the kids were polite and kind to each other
C.the mother was careful in picking out things
D.the kids were so willing to help their mother
分类训练三 说明文
Passage 1(2022北京,C)
What does it mean to be green Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Buying a green product is a small step everyone can take. Deciding whether a product is green, however, isn’t always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product, even after it’s of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind.
The materials of a product are usually our first focus(关注). What is it made of Are there any harmful chemicals in it Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals, so they can be good for our physical health.
Packaging is important. How is a product packaged Is it over packaged We’d better choose glass, metal and paper packaging, as these can be reused or more easily recycled(回收利用). We can also look for less packaging or even choose unbagged products whenever possible.
Location(地点) matters. Where was a product produced Where are we buying it Think about how much energy was used to get it to us. Try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order directly from local farmers, shop at markets and buy fruits in season. Buying from stores near our houses is also a good choice, because we can go there without driving a car.
Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural”, but the words may be too good to be true. So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.
The greenest thing is certainly the one we don’t buy. Things like food and clothing are necessary for life. But many others are not. Better than buying is choosing to leave an unnecessary product in the store and doing without. It sends a message to the producer, keeps money in our pockets, reduces(减少) waste and keeps the planet healthy.
1.The writer would suggest choosing a product that is .
A.over packaged
B.delivered from abroad
C.locally produced
D.made of unnatural materials
2.The words “be taken with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean “ ”.
A.be easily understood
B.not be completely believed
C.be widely spread
D.not be quickly forgotten
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Buying Green
B.Recycling Waste
C.Keeping Healthy
D.Reducing Energy Use
Passage 2(2021北京,C)
School Gardens Could Help Children Try
More Vegetables
It’s not always enjoyable for children to eat vegetables. But what if a garden is built in the school New research suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children’s vegetable intake(摄入量).
How the Study Was Carried Out
The study was carried out in eight schools. Each school was in the gardening program for one school year. Every child in grades 3—5 received a total of eighteen 60 minute lessons across the school year. In the program, each school built a garden, where children learned to grow their own fresh produce, like fruit and vegetables.
The Benefits Children Could Get
The study found that vegetable intake of the children who grew their own produce increased greatly across the year. Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronic diseases(慢性疾病). Not only are there benefits to health, increasing the variety of vegetables children are exposed(接触)to may also make mealtimes much easier. “Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetables are more likely to try new foods,” explains Dr. Kerry Jones. For children, growing their own food is a powerful tool to increase their intake of the food.
2
Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful. “If children are learning about vegetables at school, it’s important to encourage this interest,” says Jones. Parents can listen to their children about what they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school. Parents and children can also read books together. Younger children can enjoy reading stories about vegetables with parents who offer the useful message. Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cook vegetables in a tasty way. Besides, a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children to understand more about where their food comes from.
Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce. If children are taught to enjoy vegetables early in life, they will probably continue eating vegetables in the long term.
1.What did children do in the gardening program
A.They did research on new plants.
B.They grew fresh produce at school.
C.They took home green vegetables.
D.They built gardens for their classes.
2.Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4
A.Ideas to Encourage Children to Cook atHome
B.Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home
C.Reasons Why Parents Should UnderstandChildren
D.Suggestions Which Children Could Get from Parents
3.What can we learn from the program
A.Parents’ support might improve children’s reading.
B.School programs could develop students’ creativity.
C.Doing studies can prepare students for future learning.
D.Hands on experience may influence children’s preference.
Passage 3(2020北京,C)
There are millions of recipes (菜谱) hidden in the boxes and hearts of grandmothers and parents. These family recipes are a special part of our family history. Some of them have been passed down from generation(一代人) to generation.
“I realized I couldn’t go home every weekend for my mom’s delicious dishes,”says Shreya, who is about to enter university. Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen, taking notes on how to make her “masala chai” and tasty kachoris.
“Those special tastes can immediately unlock a whole flood of emotions, memories and feelings of family, love, and comfort,” says she.
She adds, “I am looking to the day when my kids will come to know of their grandmothers through the dishes they cooked.”
But many of us find it difficult to keep the food connection with our busy life. Even if we have time, not many of us take the effort to collect and record the recipes from our grandmothers and parents. We often get a recipe on the phone and take it down quickly on a piece of paper. We just stick it onto the fridge for a week or two and forget about it as soon as the paper disappears from there.
Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes. Scrapbooks (剪贴簿)are easily found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier. What is needed is to scan(扫描) the recipes and record the story behind each of them. It can become the most meaningful work you have ever done with and for your family.
Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger. Every time you remember your loved ones, recreate one of the dishes from your collection and let the memories from the good old days comfort you. So why not gift your kids a family recipe book when they are starting a new life
1.Why does Shreya follow her mother around the kitchen
A.To clean up the kitchen.
B.To note down recipes.
C.To prepare family dinners.
D.To talk about family rules.
2.What can we learn from the passage
A.Ways to record recipes can be easy.
B.Most people like writing recipe books.
C.Recipes have become popular with kids.
D.People often buy recipe books in the market.
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Family Recipes:Secrets of Cooking
B.Family Recipes Are at a Crossroads
C.Family Recipes:Connections to Interests
D.Family Recipes Are More than Just Recipes
Passage 4(2019北京,C)
Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(心理学的)processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触)to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.
It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.
How can we slow down time Here are two suggestions.
Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加)our experience of time.
Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience—to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time expanding effect.
To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It’s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.
1.According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .
A.going to bed on time
B.traveling to new places
C.having dinner as usual
D.printing the same materials
2.What can we learn from the passage
A.Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.
B.Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.
C.We can take in more information by living through our senses.
D.We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Slow Down Time
B.Only Time Will Tell
C.Race Against Time
D.Time Will Not Come Twice
Passage 5(2018北京,C)
Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function (认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.
The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children’s addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers.
“This is the first study that shows the association between long term exposure to green space and brain structure,” says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study. “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”
The findings show that long term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.
Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.
Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.
Dr. Dadvand’s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green space on cognitive development. It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.
Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.
1.The second paragraph is mainly about .
A.how the study was performed
B.what was recorded in the study
C.how long the study lasted
D.who took part in the study
2.The word “prompt” in Paragraph 6 probably means “ ”.
A.control B.encourage
C.balance D.change
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.
B.Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.
C.Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of Spain.
D.Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.
分类训练四 议论文
Passage 1(2022北京,D)
A Pathway(路径) to Meaning in Life
When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素):having long term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s life fits together and “makes sense”.
But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty.
We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had people rate(评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.
In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.
All the results proved our theory(假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.
1.You were most probably in the EA condition when .
A.you made a travel plan for the coming holiday
B.you hurried to serve the customers in the store
C.you practiced hard to become the best violinist
D.you stopped to admire the roses by the roadside
2.What can we learn from the studies mentioned in the passage
A.Thinking back to the past weakens our sense of meaning.
B.Enjoying small things can influence our attitude toward life.
C.Proper stress management is the key to living a satisfying life.
D.Good judgment on beauty improves connections among people.
3.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A.It is easier for results driven people to achieve success.
B.We often turn a blind eye to the present moment.
C. A fast paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals.
D.Future life will bring us many more surprises.
4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A.To explain how to discover beauty in life.
B.To discuss what the true meaning of life is.
C.To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.
D.To compare different factors for meaningfulness.
Passage 2(2020北京,D)
Today we can do everything with apps: pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands. However, when it comes to technology and health care, opportunities and challenges come together.
Let’s start with the ways to get health care. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.
In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team. Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology.
A whole new age of medical care seems likely (可能的) to come in the future. But every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno health care
Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员), who can see and tell how a patient is doing. This may influence the treatment effect. It’s unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition.
Next, sharing the details of one’s life requires trust, which takes time to build. This is certainly true in health care, where some of life’s best and worst moments involve doctors. The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone.
Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there’s room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.
So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age Very talented companies are working on it. There is medical equipment (设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine. It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch. Patients often need someone to listen to—and care about—their journey story,which will never be realized through a human less technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.
1.According to the passage, how does technology help health care
A.It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites.
B.It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis.
C.It improves relations between doctors and patients.
D.It provides an opportunity to build a medical team.
2.The word “intuition” in Paragraph 5 probably means .
A.an ability to understand
B.an interesting experience
C.a chance to win
D.a fair decision
3.What do you know about techno health care from the passage
A.Patient websites require trust from doctors.
B.Talented companies can give medical advice.
C.Flagged results may cause worry for patients.
D.Medical equipment collects patients’ stories.
4.The writer probably agrees that .
A.technology can deal with unexpected effects
B.telemedicine can take the place of usual health care
C.it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age
D.techno health care should take humanity into consideration
Passage 3(2019北京,D)
How Much Can We Afford to Forget
In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access(获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads
Civilizations(文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well being(健康)depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.
1.Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases
A.Because they go off course in testing and scoring.
B.Because we control the training process on them.
C.Because we offer them too much information.
D.Because they overuse the provided answers.
2.The ease of accessing information from the Internet .
A.frees us from making efforts to learn new skills
B.prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed
C.misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge
D.separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines
3.The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ ”.
A.a sudden failure
B.the basic rule
C.a disappointing start
D.the gradual development
4.What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A.To question about the standards of information storage.
B.To discuss our problems of communication with machines.
C.To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.
D.To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.
Passage 4(2018北京,D)
We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self improvement power. However, there’s always something staring at us right under our nose but we don’t see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self improvement power is when everything gets worst.
When do we realize that we need to change diets When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.
The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it.
Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self improvement power not because the world says so, but because we realize it’s for our own good.
Happy people don’t just accept change; they embrace (拥抱)it. Unlocking our self improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.
Jane always tells everyone that she doesn’t have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!
Self improvement may not be everybody’s favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self improvement power will we realize that we’re beginning to take things light and become happy.
1.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that .
A.we learn our lessons when we experience pain
B.we are responsible for the problems we meet
C.life fails us when we get into the wrong way
D.life is a long journey full of ups and downs
2.What is the key to solving Jane’s problem
A.She needs to remember why she started.
B.She has to know how to get on with people.
C.She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.
D.She needs to understand the importance of confidence.
3.The writer probably agrees that .
A.the world tells us how to improve ourselves
B.people change when they find it easy to do that
C.welcoming change in life is a drive to become better
D.enjoying the process of self improvement makes life simpler
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Is it important to take things light
B.Is it necessary to embrace challenges
C.To hold on to the last moment or to give up
D.To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it
模拟检测一
Passage 1(2021西城一模)
Best Gifts for Your Teen Friends
Shopping for your teen friends’ birthday gifts can be difficult. Each year, we pay close attention to the newest gifts hitting the market. Below, we’ve created such a list, choosing some of the hottest items on store shelves right now.
Color changing Lamp Speaker $36.00 With a simple touch, this speaker lamp changes colors, plays music and helps them sleep. They can even bring it with them on camping trips since it can run for up to 120 hours. Harry Potter Paperback Box Set $80.00 If they’re getting sick of borrowing the local library’s copies, then they need a complete collection of Harry Potter to call their own. This set comes with all seven books in the series (系列).
The Mind Card Game $20.00 This is a board game that encourages true teamwork, because the number one rule is “No talking!” If successful, they’ll be amazed at how well they work with their teammates without using any words. Bluetooth Wireless (无线) Smart Beanie $15.00 Trying to wear headphones and a hat at the same time is usually uncomfortable. This smart beanie can keep their ears warm in winter, while allowing them to listen to their favorite playlists for up to five hours. Also, it’s washable as long as you take out the battery (电池).
1.Which gift encourages teamwork
A.The Mind Card Game.
B.Harry Potter Paperback Box Set.
C.Color changing Lamp Speaker.
D.Bluetooth Wireless Smart Beanie.
2.How much should you pay for a color changing lamp speaker
A.$80.00. B.$36.00. C.$20.00. D.$15.00.
3.The Bluetooth Wireless Smart Beanie .
A.comes with all seven books
B.can run for about five hours in winter
C.can change colors and help one sleep
D.follows the number one rule “No talking!”
Passage 2(2022朝阳一模)
Once upon a time, there lived a wise man. His son, however, was very lazy.
The man was worried about his son’s future. And he recognized the need to give something to his son so that he could take care of himself.
One day, the man said to his son, “I want you to find the real purpose of your life.” Then he handed his son a map and asked him to find the treasure.
The son set out the next day. Along the way, he met a lot of people. Some helped him with food, and some with shelter(住所). Finally, after a long year, he reached the place. But he found nothing.
On his way back, he went through the same places. But this time, he stopped to enjoy the beauty of nature. He learned how to hunt, cook, and protect himself from wild animals. He met the same people who had helped him earlier, and this time he helped them in return.
When he reached home, he apologized(道歉) to his father for not finding the treasure.
“There wasn’t any treasure, my son,” the man answered with a smile.
“But why did you send me to find it ” he asked.
Instead of answering the question, the father said, “How was your journey to the place ”
“I didn’t enjoy it at all! Because I was in a hurry looking for the treasure. But I did enjoy the journey on my way back home. I made many friends and I learned so many skills, which made me forget the pain of not finding the treasure.”
His father said to him, “Now I think you have found your life’s true purpose. I want you to lead your life with a goal. But if you remain too focused (专注的) on your goal, you will miss out the real treasure of life, that is, to just experience it and grow with it every single day.”
1.The son set out on the journey because he wanted to .
A.travel around B.experience life
C.find the treasure D.help other people
2.When he returned home and saw his father, the son felt .
A.excited B.sorry
C.satisfied D.disappointed
3.The old man told his son the real purpose of life is to .
A.live life to the fullest B.find many interests
C.develop skills to live in the wild D.never give up searching for treasure
Passage 3(2020海淀一模)
Different from common belief, blue light may not have such a strong negative effect as people thought—according to the scientists from the University of Manchester.
It’s known that our body clock measures brightness through melanopsin(黑视蛋白), a specialized light sensitive protein in the eye. So there has been lots of interest in studying the influence of light on the body clock. Researchers changed the make up of short and long wavelength light, which provided a small difference in brightness, as well as changes in color. Findings suggested blue light might be troublesome to our sleep patterns.
The new research, however, used a different method, since the changes in color may oppose the benefits obtained from reducing the brightness signals detected(探测)by melanopsin. The team used specially designed lighting to change color without changing brightness.
Findings of the new research showed that blue colors produced weaker effects on the subjects’ body clock than equally bright yellow colors.“Our recognition of color comes from the retinal cone cells(视锥细胞), and the blue color signals they supply reduce the influence of light on the body clock,”explained the lead researcher.“The research shows the common view that blue light has the strongest effect on the body clock is misguided.”
According to the team, using dim(昏暗的) cooler lights in the evening and bright warmer lights during the day may be more beneficial to our health. Twilight(暮光)is both dimmer and bluer than daylight and the body clock uses both of those features to decide on the proper times to be asleep and awake.
The findings have important implications(影响) for the design of lighting and visual displays which aim to promote people’s healthy sleep patterns. Present technologies are mostly designed to limit our evening exposure to blue light by changing the screen color of mobile devices. The technology, however, may send the body clock mixed messages. This is because the small changes in brightness they produce come along with colors that are commonly seen during the day. So there’s more for the designers to take into consideration.
Setting our body clocks in line with our social and work schedules can be good for our health, and using color correctly could be a way to help us better achieve that.
1.The writer mentions different research methods in Paragraphs 2 and 3 to .
A.suggest how the data of the research should be collected
B.explain why the findings of the old research are reasonable
C.discuss possible ways of studying the influence of blue light
D.show the progress in the methods used in the studies of blue light
2.According to the new findings, what should the designers take into consideration
A.The changes in both color and brightness.
B.The influence of the daylight on sleep patterns.
C.The suggestions on the proper use of mobile devices.
D.The balance between technologies and the body clock.
3.What can we learn from the new research
A.Blue light cannot be easily detected by the body clock.
B.Blue light has the weakest effect on people’s body clock.
C.Blue light is not as harmful to their sleep patterns as people thought.
D.Blue light benefits people more in their sleep patterns than yellow light.
Passage 4(2022顺义一模)
Handwriting is gradually becoming a dying art. Most college students type nearly everything. Elementary and high schools across the country now view typing courses as the main choice. But what are we losing as handwriting loses its significance(重要性) in society It’s brain power, according to some studies.
Researchers from Princeton University and the University of California conducted a series of studies to prove the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes. Participants(参与者) took notes on a lecture using one of the two methods and were tested on the material 30 minutes after the lecture and again a week later. The results of the research appeared in Psychological Science. The authors of the study noted that, while past studies on this topic tended to focus on the distractions (干扰) that resulted from using a computer, in this study, participants were using the laptops only to take notes. And handwriting still emerged as (成为)the champion.
That’s not to say that typing doesn’t have its benefits. Clearvue Health recently took a deep dive into the findings of a study to assess the pros and cons (评估利弊) of writing and typing. The typists could copy down significantly more words than the writers. But while more of the lecture’s content was retained in the computer when typing. The tests that the participants took proved this. On the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typists and writers did more or less equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typists faltered(结巴) when it came to more conceptual questions. Students who take handwritten notes need to quickly process the lesson and rewrite it in a way they can understand, giving them an advantage in remembering new concepts(概念) in the long term.
As for the later quiz, well, the results were similar. Students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. These participants were also more open to understanding new ideas. Clearly, writing by hand can make you smarter.
Computers aren’t going away anytime soon, but that doesn’t mean paper notebooks need to become obsolete. If your goal is to be able to set down facts, the efficiency of typing might best benefit you. But when it comes to truly dissecting(剖析) information, truly learning from it in the sense of making connections between analyzing the material, and retaining it in the long run, writing by hand is a better choice.
1.What can we know about the studies in Paragraph 2
A.The studies were about the advantages of taking notes.
B.Participants used two methods to take notes at the same time.
C.The results of the studies were published in Psychological Science.
D.The studies were only conducted by researchers from Princeton University.
2.What can be inferred about typists from Paragraph 3
A.They kept more contents of a lecture in their mind when typing.
B.They could copy down more contents of a lecture than writers.
C.They could remember new concepts for a long time by typing.
D.They did better on questions about the facts of the lecture than writers.
3.The underlined word “obsolete” in the last paragraph probably means “ ”.
A.out of shape B.out of order
C.out of control D.out of date
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.Why Handwriting Makes You Smarter
B.Why Typing Has Become So Widespread
C.Why Typists Take Notes Effectively
D.Why Writers Have Long Term Memory
模拟检测二
Passage 1(2022朝阳一模)
During ancient times, children didn’t have the smart phone, iPad or computer to have fun. Instead, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood. Let’s take a look.
Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood. Now in China, the three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite, each of which has its own characteristics.
Diabolo is always made of wood or bamboo and is hollow(空心的)in the center. When juggled (抛接)on ropes, the high speed rotating(旋转的)diabolo will make a sound. Playing diabolo is a very interesting game.
The closest thing to watching a film or television during ancient times was watching a shadow play. People control puppets(木偶)behind the screen while singing with music to tell a story. Shadow play was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产)in 2006.
Firecrackers have a history of more than 2, 000 years. It is said that people burnt bamboo joints to make them blast(爆炸)to drive away the beast named Nian in ancient China. Firecrackers are still set off during the Spring Festival to symbolize(象征)hope and luck.
1.What were the earliest kites made of
A.Bamboo. B.Paper. C.Cloth. D.Wood.
2.When was shadow play listed as a national intangible cultural heritage
A.In 2000. B.In 2001. C.In 2006. D.In 2016.
3.Why are firecrackers still set off during the Spring Festival
A.To tell a story.
B.To make a sound.
C.To watch a play and a game.
D.To symbolize hope and luck.
Passage 2(2021东城一模)
School tests can be stressful. But they might also encourage you to help change the world. Three girls, Kristen, Jenna and Marisa from New York, learned about a growing problem from a reading test they took. The problem is e waste, short for electronic waste. The girls learned some dangerous chemicals(化学品)in e waste can harm the environment and people.
Later in the year, they had to come up with an idea for a science project. They remembered the interesting topic from their test. So the girls started a recycling drive to help other students and the community learn about properly recycling e waste. They called themselves the E Waste Girls.
“In our town, people recycle paper, plastic and glass, but no electronics. What can we do ” asked Marisa.
“How about asking our friends if they know how to recycle e waste ” suggested Jenna.
The girls asked their friends, but nobody had heard anything about it. Many of their teachers didn’t know either. So they taught everyone, including their teachers, to learn about properly recycling e waste. Then they put recycling boxes in the school hall and asked the students to collect old cellphones, radios and other items. When the boxes were full, they sent them to a special recycling center. The recyclers took out the dangerous chemicals and disposed of(处理) them properly, so that they didn’t go into the air or the ground or the water.
One big way people can help reduce e waste is by buying smartly. So the girls strongly suggested considering electronics made with fewer dangerous chemicals and choosing electronics that will last several years.
The girls’ project also helped them become finalists in the We Can Change the World Challenge, a national student competition. The E Waste Girls see a bright future in which projects like theirs will not be needed any more.
1.How did the E Waste Girls first learn about e waste
A.A friend told them about it.
B.Recyclers taught them about it.
C.They read about it in a reading test.
D.A teacher talked about it in a science class.
2.Why did the E Waste Girls start a recycling drive
A.To set up a recycling center in the town.
B.To take part in a national student competition.
C.To encourage people to buy electronics smartly.
D.To teach people how to properly recycle e waste.
3.The E Waste Girls’ story mainly tells us that .
A.recycling e waste is really difficult
B.students can help to change the world
C.students should do more science projects
D.competitions bring students a bright future
Passage 3(2022房山一模)
The Sleepover Program
Sending stuffed animals for a sleepover at the library encourages children to read with them, say researchers in a new study in Heliyon. For the first time, the study proves stuffed animal sleepovers are an effective way to get children to read.
Stuffed animal sleepover programs are designed to get children interested in picture books. Children take their toys to a library for the night, where the animals search for books they want to read. At this point, workers and volunteers take photos of the animals traveling around the library to learn about it and reading together. The next day, the children collect their stuffed animals and the photos of what they did during the night. They’re also given the books their animals chose to read.
The team organized a stuffed animal sleepover program for 42 preschool children. “We wanted to know if there really was an effect, and if so, how long it lasts,” said lead author Dr. Yoshihiro Okazaki of Okayama University. They found before the sleepover, the children did not spend time looking at the books in their play area at preschool. Immediately after the sleepover, the number of children who read to the stuffed animals was significantly (明显地) higher than the number of those who did not.
“Surprisingly, not only did the children show interest in the picture books, but they also began to read to their stuffed animals. This means that a new behavior appeared that the children had not shown before; we did not expect anything like this.” When parents read to their children, it isn’t an active form of reading for the child. But when children read to their stuffed animals, it is a more spontaneous (自发的), self directed form of reading, helping them develop into more active readers.
However, the effect had worn off after three days. The researchers also tested a method for continuing the effect: they reminded the children of the sleepover a month later, by hiding the stuffed animals and showing them the photos again the next day. This simple method led to a significant increase in the number of children reading to their stuffed animals.
1.What did the children do in the sleepover program
A.They hid the stuffed animals in the library.
B.They took the pictures of the stuffed animals.
C.They slept with stuffed animals in the library.
D.They took their stuffed animals to the library.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.Places of the reading research.
B.Characters of sleepover program.
C.Changes of the children’s reading behavior.
D.Numbers of the children in sleepover program.
3.What is the purpose of the sleepover program
A.To show the findings of the program.
B.To help children learn to read actively.
C.To lead children to read to stuffed animals.
D.To introduce the importance of the program.
Passage 4(2021朝阳一模)
Scientists know that our weight, mental health and immune (免疫) system are connected to our sleep habits. So are your grades—to a surprising degree, a new study finds. It showed that sleep caused nearly one fourth of the difference among students’ grades in a class. So even if you spend hours studying for a test but get too little and inconsistent(不一致的) sleep, you might still do poorly. And boys with poor sleep habits appeared to suffer (遭受) most.
wristband
Jeffrey Grossman, a scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge wanted to test sleep in the real conditions. People’s sleep timetables are often disordered and unpredictable. He wanted to see if the sleep connects performance even when a study was done with people who kept regular timetables at home. To find out, his team turned to Fitbits. These wristbands can follow how long people sleep and how often they wake up.
The researchers invited around 100 18 year old students. Each got a Fitbit to wear all term long. At the end of the term, the scientists looked at the students’ sleep data(数据). They paid attention to patterns(模式) in the days and weeks before exams. They then compared those patterns to the students’ test scores. The results showed the importance of sleep for students.
As expected, teens who stirred(微动) a lot during the night were likely to perform poorly. The same went for those who didn’t get enough sleep. But how much someone slept the night before an exam didn’t affect that person’s grade. So, is pulling an all nighter before the big test okay No, it turns out that’s because there was a third important factor: consistency of sleep a week and even a month before an exam. That means “a student who sleeps seven hours at night, every night, will do better than a student who sleeps 7.5 hours one night and 6.5 another night,” Grossman says. That was true even when both students got the same amount and quality (质量) of sleep.
Sleep length, quality and consistency together caused 24.4 percent of the difference among the students’ test grades. And these factors appeared especially important for boys. Grossman’s team is not sure why. But boys who didn’t get enough sleep or regular sleep were likely to do worse on an exam than girls who had similar sleep patterns.
Helping students get more sleep depends in part on schools starting their days later. But it also comes down to students making sleep a higher priority (优先权). That may require getting more sleep and limiting late evening use of phones and other screens. Even with extracurricular activities, schoolwork and a social life, you need to get your sleep.
1.The researchers used Fitbits to .
A.help the students sleep well
B.predict the students’ sleep length
C.improve the students’ grades
D.collect the students’ sleep data
2.What can we learn from the research
A.Students with the same quality of sleep have no difference in grades.
B.Students who sleep for more hours are likely to have higher grades.
C.Boys with poor sleeping habits appear to suffer more than girls.
D.Staying up before a big test can make a good result in grades.
3.According to the writer, the students should .
A.put sleep in the first place
B.wear wristbands to keep healthy
C.pay more attention to test scores
D.compare sleep patterns to their performance
4.What’s the best title for the passage
A.Sleep:Is quality important
B.Sleep:Does it influence grades
C.Sleep:Is 7.5 hours enough
D.Sleep:Does it depend on schoolwork
模拟检测三
Passage 1(2020东城一模)
Here are some books about space travel. Take a trip to the Moon and beyond with these encouraging books.
Balloon to the Moon Long before anyone had designed a rocket, the Montgolfier brothers were making hot air balloons. In October 1783, they became the first people to experience controlled flight. Balloon to the Moon starts there and leads to Neil Armstrong’s “small step” and beyond. Learn about all the progress of the space travel, and then get ready for an unknown but exciting future. The Extraordinary Life of Neil Armstrong Neil Armstrong made history in 1969 when he became the first person to set foot on the Moon. From his childhood playing with model planes to becoming one of the most famous astronauts of all time, discover the wonderful story of Neil Armstrong’s life in this book. It has lots of facts and pictures, and shows the key events in his life.
To Space & Back Sally Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983. In this book, Sally shares her personal experience of traveling into space. From discussing the experience of living and working in space to explaining how astronauts train and adapt(适应) to their new environment, she talks about her journey through space. Counting on Katherine This encouraging book tells the story of Katherine Johnson who has a gift for math. She helped make the historic Apollo 11 moon landing possible and made sure that Apollo 13 returned home safely when the mission(任务) was in danger.
1.Who first experienced controlled flight in October 1783
A.The Montgolfier brothers.
B.Katherine Johnson.
C.Neil Armstrong.
D.Sally Ride.
2.If a girl is interested in women astronauts’ life in space
