人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit5 Languages around the world单元素养检测（有解析）

Unit 5 单元素养检测
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
[浙江“9+1联盟”2018高一期中]Almost from the time when the first Englishmen set foot upon American soil,our language began to evolve.It is a continuous process throughout the centuries and has produced a language that differs from our ancestors and shows a sign of our own features and independence.
By 1790，there were four million Americans，90% of whom were descendants（后代）of English colonists（殖民者）.This，of course，left no question that our official native language would be "English"，but it would not be the same as that spoken in Great Britain. By 1720，the English colonists began to notice that their language was quite different from that spoken in their motherland. How did that come to be
There are many reasons, and the most obvious one is the distance from England. Over the years, many words were borrowed from the native Americans, as well as other people from France, Germany, Spain, and other countries. Other words that became unused in England continued to be used in the colonies. In other cases, words simply had to be created in order to explain the unfamiliar landscape, weather, animals, plants, and living conditions that these early pioneers went through.
To the newly independent Americans, they were proud of their "new" American language, wearing it, as yet, another symbol of independence. In 1789, Noah Webster wrote in his dissertations(学位论文) on the English language:
“The reasons for American English being different from British English are simple: As an independent nation, our honour requires us to have a system of our own, in language as well as government.”
The evolution of the American language continued into the 20th century, as well as the American pride.
1. What is the text mainly about
A. The development of American English.
B. How to learn American English.
C. The frequent changes of English.
D. The differences between American English and British English.
2. Which of the following is NOT the reason that helps form American English
A. America is far away from England.
B. New words were created through practices.
C. Some new words were borrowed from native Americans.
D New Americans failed to use the old words from England.
3. What can we know from the text
A. Early Americans felt proud of their new language.
B. The new language helped Americans fight against enemies.
C. Early Americans just felt curious about their new language.
D. The new language has settled its identity and stopped developing.
B
[课标全国Ⅰ 2019] For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N. Y., today is speech day, and right now it's Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he's nervous. “I'm here to tell you today why you should. should…” Chris trips on the"-ld, "a pronunciation difficult for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. "… Vote for... me…”
Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. "It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, "especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ' I don' t know, but I want to know.”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities, ”Whaley says, "is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
4. What made Chris nervous
A. Telling a story.
B. Making a speech
C. Taking a test.
D. Answering a question.
5. What does the underlined word "stumbles" in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Improper pauses B. Bad manners C. Spelling mistakes D. Silly jokes
6. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to .
A. help students see their own strengths.
B assess students' public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students' love for politics
7. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
C
Rosie Dutton, a teacher from Relax Kids in Tamworth, UK, used two apples to show her students the damaging, and often unseen, consequences of bullying(霸凌). And her post about the powerful lesson has gone viral.
Rosie Dutton explained that during one of her classes she introduced the children to two red apples. What the kids didn’t know was that before the lesson, Dutton had repeatedly dropped one of the apples on the floor. And yet, on the outside at least, both apples looked perfect. "I picked up the apple I'd dropped on the floor and started to tell the children how I disliked this apple, that I thought it was disgusting, it had a horrible colour and the stem was just too short,” Dutton wrote.
She then encouraged the students to do the same. Some of the children looked at her as if she was "crazy”, but the students passed the apple around the circle calling it names. Continuing the exercise, the teacher then passed the second apple around the circle. This apple, however, was showered with comments like: "Your skin is beautiful", and "What a beautiful colour you have.”
Dutton then showed the students both apples once again, highlighting that "there was no change; both apples still looked the same.”
That is, until she cut them open. "The apple we'd said unkind words to was bruised and all mushy inside,” she said.
There was, she said, an immediate "light bulb" moment for her students. "They really got it. What we saw inside that apple, the bruises, the mush and the broken bits is what is happening inside every one of us when someone mistreats us with their words or actions.”
Dutton explained how important it is to teach children to stand up for one another, and to stop any form of bullying Let's create a generation of kind caring children, "the teacher wrote. "The tongue has no bones, but is strong enough to break a heart. So be careful with your words.”
8. What had the teacher done to the first apple before the lesson
A. She had introduced it to the kids. B. She had damaged it purposely.
C. She had made it look perfect. D. She had coloured it brightly.
9.What does the underlined part “calling it names" in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Saying rude things. B. Making fun of it.
C. Cheering for it. D. Shouting at it.
10. What's the purpose of the teacher's using two apples in class
A. To draw the kids' attention.
B. To explain her personal preference.
C To make a comparison between them.
D. To help the kids understand the results of bullying.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
[吉林省实验中学2019高一期末]根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good，most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student，they always say "My spoken English is poor. 11 I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.
First，they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary， 12 However，they can speak with a limited vocabulary，if they choose a positive attitude. Others will follow them as long as they use the words that they know.
_13 Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Their aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However，in speaking their aim is fluency. They want to get their message across，to talk to someone in English，as quickly and as well as they can，even though sometimes they may use a wrong word or tense，but it doesn't matter. 14
The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears！All that hearing is necessary for you to start speaking.
Fourth，most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive（主动的）language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. 15
A. Second, they are afraid of making mistakes
B. They may try to avoid making similar mistakes next time
C. Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary.
D. However, their spoken English does not have to remain "poor"!
E. The second reason lies in the reluctance of using what has just been learnt.
F. If they have this proactive outlook, then they will see English opportunities wherever they go.
G. The person they are speaking to will understand them and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.
第二部分 语言运用
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Hiking with a friend provided an opportunity to move out of my comfort zone and connect.
Cold with a mixture of sunset and snow encouraged a 16 step than usual on the mountain. On the way back we 17 a large troop of boy scouts（童子军）and their 18 heading down. In a little while，the majority of the troop was out of 19 .Left behind were a young boy and his mother who seemed 20 on the trail. When my friend 21 to tie her shoes，the boy at that moment slipped and fell down. My friend 22 to catch him as he rolled down the trail.
Helped up, he was 23, crying in his mother’s arms. He complained that his 24 hurt and I could see the panic spreading across the mother's face. I asked if I could help , 25 my friend explaining that I was a nurse. After a quick exam I could tell that more than 26 he was scared. His knee was 27. But he stayed sitting wrapped in his mum's arms Having asked 28 if they needed anything before we continued on, we turned to leave the steps.
I only took a few steps 29 realising there was more that could be done. I 30 to my friend for slowing us down, then turned and asked the boy and his mother if they wanted us to 31 them until they were ready. I could see the 32 over the mother's face Autumn had left the trail 33 with beautiful slippery leaves, so we went 34. I realised that I was being gifted with more 35 to take in the beauty of the woods and conversation with friends.
16. A. quicker B. smoother C. slower D. worse
17. A. came across B. went through
C. came over D. knocked over
18. A. fellows B. classmates C. families D. groups
19. A. control B. sight C. danger D. order
20. A. tired B. swift C. confident D. unsteady
21. A. banned B. slowed C. hesitated D. pause
22. A. attempted B. managed C. decided D. expected
23. A. grateful B. weak nervous C. nervous D. happy
24. A. feet B. knee C. leg D. waist
25. A. under B. as C. by D. with
26. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
27. A. broken B. flexible C. fine D. hurt
28. A. anxiously B. impatient C. gently D. happily
29. A. while B. before C. after D. as
30. A. blamed B. communicated C. apologised D explained
31. A. rescue B. wait for C. carry D. support
32. A. joy B. excitement C. terror D. relief
33. A. covered B. equipped C. blocked D. lined
34. A. slowly B. worriedly C. difficultly D. easilv
35. A. patience B. time C. energy D. kindness
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two brothers decided to dig a deep hole behind their house. As they were working，a couple of older boys 36 （stop）by to watch.
“What are you doing ” asked one of the 37 （visitor）curiously.
“We plan 38 （dig）a hole all the way through the earth！"One of the brothers said 39 （excited）.
The older boys began to laugh，telling the 40 （young）ones that it was impossible.
After a long 41 (silent），one of the diggers picked up 42 box full of treasure. He showed the wonderful things 43 the older boys.
Then he said confidently，"Even if we don't dig all the way through the earth，look at what we found along the way！”
44 （they）dream was far too big，but it did cause them to dig. And that is what a dream is for-to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen.
Not every dream will be realised. But when you couldn't get what you wanted，perhaps you can say，"Yes，but look at the wonderful things 45 have come into my life because I tried to do something！”
36.________ 37._________ 38._________ 39.________ 40.__________
41.________ 42._________ 43._________ 44.________ 45.__________
第三部分 写作
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
[湖北荆州中学2019高一月考]假如你是李华，正在给你的美国朋友Jack写一封信推荐他使用微信（WeChat），并向他介绍微信的功能。内容要点包括:
1.微信简介
2.微信功能：交流、学习、支付等。
注意:
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
How are you going I would like to recommend a software called WeChat to you._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 概要写作（满分25分）
[浙江温州2018高一月考]阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Does writing come hard to you？Are you discouraged to find yourself poor at writing？Nobody is born knowing how to write. Good writing habits，which help make you write on a regular basis，are necessary for you to improve your writing.
Firstly，you are supposed to read a wide range of books. It's obvious when a writer is not well-read. Lack of reading will be obvious in every sentence one writes. Reading prepares you with necessary knowledge to be a good writer. What's more，it provides you with basic skills for writing. The importance of reading cannot be stressed（强调）too much：read as much and as often as you can.
Secondly, it’s important to make a writing schedule and write daily if it is possible. Whether you write for two hours a day or fifteen minutes a day，daily writing is the key to developing good writing habits. It's better to write for fifteen or twenty minutes every day than to sit for five or six hours to write over the weekend. However，if you can make a daily writing schedule with longer hours on your writing on weekends，then it，'s much better.
One of the worst habits is never to get help from others to improve your writing. It is advised that you share your work with others. For example，you can post a scene on your blog，send your writing around to a few friends，round up some readers and let them comment on your writing. That way，you'll find your writing gradually improved.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
第一部分阅读理解
第一节
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国英语的发展。美国人以美国英语而自豪，他们认为这象征着独立。
1.A 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的 Almost from the time when the first Englishmen set foot upon American soil，our language gan to evolve，It is a continuous process.可知，本文主要介绍了美国语的发展。故选A项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知国英语形成的原因有美国与英国距离遥远，美国英语借用了和法国、德国及西班牙等国家的词汇以及在实践中创造出而没有提及美国人不使用来自英国的旧词汇。故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的 To the newly independent Americans，they were proud of their"new"American language，wearing it，as vel，another symbol of independence，可知，早期的美国人以美国英语为自豪，他们认为这象征着独立。故选A项。
B
【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了一位小学老师通过组织学生演讲来帮学生提高自信心的教学实践
4.B 细节理解題。根据文章第一段中的.today is speech day，and right now it's Chris Palaez’s，turn.可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到克里斯·帕莱斯了。再根据第二段中的 But he's nervous.可知，克里斯因为演讲而紧张
5.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“I’m here to tell you today why you should…should..和“…Vote for…me…”可知，克里斯因为紧张，演讲时有些结巴。再根据画线词所在句 Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well可知，此处指除了一些不恰当的停顿之外，克里斯表现得好极了。由此可知，stumbles指“不恰当的停顿”。
6.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.和最后一段中的“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，”可知，惠利说这个课题不只是为了让孩子们学习在公共场合朗读和讲话，他还希望这些孩子学会夸奖自己。由此推知，这个课题的目的是帮助孩子们看到自己的长处。
7.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的 His teacher，Thomas Whaley is next to him，whispering support.和 Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him以及倒数第二段中的 The answer broke his heart.和最后一段所表达的意思可知，惠利是个关心、体贴学生的老师。C项caring（关心他人的；体贴人的）最能体现惠利的品质。
C
【语篇导读】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了一位老师用两个苹果给学生们上了一节生动的有关霸凌的危害的课。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 What the kids didn't know was that before the lesson，Dutton had repeatedly dropped one of the apples on the floor.可知，达顿上课前故意摔坏一个苹果，故答案为B项
9.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的 I thought it was disgusting，it had a horrible colour and…和倒数第三段第二句中的 said unkind words可知答案为A项。call…names意为“谩骂……”
10.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知那位老师用两个苹果的例子帮助学生们明白彼此维护、停止霸凌的重要性，培养学生们成为团结友爱的人。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文作者分析了中国学生普遍英语口语水平不高的原因，并给出了自己的建议和意见。
11.D 后文讲到 I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.可知作者将给出一些原因来说明中国大多数学生英语口语不好的问题，故此处应用转折来表示他们的英语口语没有必要一直不好，故选D项。
12.C 前文讲到 due to a limited vocabulary，故此处应讲更好的方法就是扩大词汇量，故选C项。
13.A 后文讲到 Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.，可知有时候他们犯错误是由于紧张和害羞，所以此处应该是关于害怕犯错误的，故选A项
4.G 前文讲到…even though sometimes they may use a wrong word or tense，but it doesn't matter.，可知尽管有时候他们会用错单词或时态，但是没有关系，故此处为别人会理解他们的错误并且会包容他们的错误。故选G项。
15.F 前文讲到 they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to hem，可知有些人被动地等说英语的机会，所以此处是说他们应该积极主动去寻找机会，然后就会发现机会无处不在，故选F项。
第二部分 语言运用
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友在山间远足时偶然遇到一对需要帮助的母子。本来因寒冷而匆忙的步伐，为了照顾他们而放缓。作者意识到在帮助他们的过程中自己有了更多的时间去欣赏美景和与朋友聊天
16.A 根据第四段第二句中的 slowing us down推知，落日和雪促使他们加快了步伐，并且这里的快步行走和结尾的慢速行走形成对比。故选A项
17.A 根据语境可知，在回来的路上，他们遇到了一队童子军和他们的家人。come across意为“遇到，碰到”。故选A项
18.C 根据本段第四句中的 a young boy and his mother可以判断，在回去的路上他们遇到了一队童子军和他们的家人。故选C项。
19.B 根据下句中的 Left behind可知，童子军中的大部分人都向前走了，消失在了视野中。out of sight意为“看不见，在视野外”。故选B项
20.D 根据下文的 the boy at that moment slipped and fell down可知，因路面滑，男孩和母亲走得很不稳，unsteady意为“不稳的”。故选D项
21.D 根据第一段中的 Hiking with a friend和语境可知，这里说作者的朋友停下来系鞋带。pause意为“暂停，停顿”，故选D项。
22.A 根据空后的 as he rolled down the trail可以判断，作者的朋友试图接住男孩。attempt to do sth意为“试图做某事”。而 manage to do sth表示“成功地做了某事”。故选A项。
23.C 根据空后的 crying in his mother's arms以及后文男孩说他的膝盖受伤了可推知，被扶起后，男孩紧张地在他母亲怀里哭。nervous意为“紧张的”，符合语境。故选C项。
24.B 根据下文的 His knee was.可知，男孩说膝盖疼。故选B项。
25.D 根据语境可知，此处表示作者询问是否可以帮忙的时候，朋友解释说作者是护士，以便孩子的母亲可以接受他们的帮助。逗号后为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。故选D项
26.D 根据语境可知，此处表示快速检查过后，作者能断定男孩主要是受到了惊吓。more than anything为固定搭配，意为“主要是”。故选D项
27.C 根据下句的But可推测，男孩的膝盖没受伤，但他仍然坐在母亲怀里。故选C项。
28.C 根据语境可知，此处表示“我们”轻声地询问过他们是否需要其也帮助之后继续前行。故选C项。
29.B 根据下句提到的作者又转身回来可推知，作者走了几步之后才意识到还可以多为他们做些事情。before意为“……之后才”。故选B项。
30.C 作者是和朋友一起徒步旅行的，现在他打算放慢速度和这对母子一起走，所以他向朋友道歉。apologise意为“道歉"，符合语境，故选C项。
31.B 根据上文可知男孩并未受伤，所以此处是作者询同，等他们准备好的时候是否愿意和作者一起下山。故选B项。
32.D 根据前文的 I could see the panie spreading across the mother's face可推知，当作者提出要和他们一起下山的时候，母亲的脸上露出宽慰的表情。故选D项。
33.A 所选动词要表达树叶和小路的关系，因此 covered最合适。句意为：美丽而湿滑的树叶覆盖着秋天的山路。故选A项
34.A 根据空前的 with beautiful slippery leaves可知，秋天的山路上满是美丽而光滑的树叶，因此要慢慢下山。故选A项
35.B 文章首尾呼应，文章开头提到此次远足旅行使作者有机会走出舒适区，给他提供了与外界联系的机会，为了照顾途中偶然遇到的母子，作者放慢了下山的步伐，同时，作者意识到自己也有了更多的时间去欣赏林间美景并与朋友交流。故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过兄弟俩挖洞的故事告诉我们一个道理：人应该有目标，并为实现该目标而努力；尽管这个目标有可能实现不了，但在努力的过程中会收获快乐。
36.stopped 此空作谓语，根据前句时态可知，应该用一般过去时。故填 stopped。
37.visitors visitor 是可数名词，前有 one of，所以应用复数形式。故填 vIsitors。
38.to dig plan to do sth 为固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”。故填to dig。
39.excitedly 修饰动词said应用副词。故填 excitedly。
40.younger 句意为：较大的男孩们开始笑，并告诉较小的男孩们，那不可能。表示“较…的”应用形容词的比较级。故填 younger。
41.silence 在After后作宾语，空前有冠词a修饰，应用名词，此处表示“一段长时间的沉默后”。故填 silence。
42.a box 是可数名词，此处泛指一个盒子，应用不定冠词。box的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
43.to show.tosb为固定搭配，意为“展示……给某人看”。
44.Their 修饰名词作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填 Their。
45.which/that ______have come into my life是定语从句，修饰先行词 things，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用 which/that。
第三部分 写作
第一节 应用文写作
【写作提示】
1.写作要点：（1）微信简介；（2）微信的主要功能；（3）邀请对方使用。
2.提分词句：practical，exchange，besides，what's more，look forward to， although引导让步状语从句，which引导定语从句，why not do sth等。
【参考范文】
Dear Jack，
How are you going？I would like to recommend a software called WeChat to you. It is invented by Chinese and quite popular in China now. It has a lot of practical functions. First，it can send texts，pictures，videos，etc. , so we can exchange thoughts and share feelings although we may be far from each other. Besides, we can read news or other kinds of information through WeChat and many kinds of knowledge is also afforded so we can learn through WeChat. What's more，you can also pay by it，which is very convenient. So，why not download one right now and try more functions？
Looking forward to meeting you on WeChat！
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 概要写作
【写作提示】
1.写作要点:
（1）第一段提出观点：Good writing habits are necessary for you to improve your writing.
（2）第二段给出第一条建议：You are supposed to read a wide range ofbooks to get the knowledge and basic skills for writing.
（3）第三段给出第二条建议：It's important to make a writing schedule and write daily if it is possible.
（4）第四段给出第三条建议：You'd better turn to others for help to improve your writing.
本文是“总——分”的结构，要点1总说观点，要点2、要点3和要点4分别给出了三条建议。
2.提分词句：make great sense，as often as possible，keep up，turn to others for help等。
【参考范文】
Good writing habits make great sense to improve your writing.（要点1）First，you should read as much and as often as possible to get the knowledge and basic skills for writing.（要点 2）Second，you should also make a writing plan and keep up your daily writing.（要点3）Besides，you'd better turn to others for help to improve your writing.（要点4）
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