人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit5 Languages around the world 单元语法详解学案（含解析）

Unit5 单元语法详解
【语法感知】
1. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army. 我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。
2. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
3. The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. 他没去上学的原因是他病了。
【语法精讲】
定语从句（二）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.
where 地点 地点状语 I visited the village where I was born.
why 原因 原因状语 Can you tell me the reason why you left yesterday
一.关系副词where引导的定语从句。
where引导的定语从句，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。如：
China is the only country where wild pandas can be found. 中国是唯一一个能找到野生熊猫的国家。
This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
注意
如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage, condition和case, position 等表示抽象意义的词，常用where / prep. + which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。如：
I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him. 我已经到了不能忍受他的地步。
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 我已经到了应该自己做决定的时候了。
二．关系副词when引导的定语从句
when引导的定语从句，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。如：
Ｉcan’t forget the year when I studied English in Beijing University. 我不能忘记的一年我在北京大学学习英语。
三．关系副词why 引导的定语从句。
why引导的定语从句，其先行词是reason，如：
Can you tell me the reason why you are late for school 你能告诉我你上学迟到的原因吗
拓展
1. 引导定语从句时，关系副词一般可以转化为“介词 + 关系代词”，即：when / where 可转化为on / in / at等 + which，why可转化为for which（在口语中可用that或省略），这也是定语从句中的一种常见现象。需要特别注意的是此时介词后的关系代词不能用that，另外，指代先行词的关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把“介词 + 关系代词(which / whom)”一起放在先行词和从句之间，如:
This is the room in which we lived last year.这就是我们去年住过的房间。
The man with whom I talked just now comes from English. 刚刚和我交谈的那个男人来自英国。
但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如:
This is the watch which she is looking for. 这就是她正在找的那个手表。
2. 关系副词when/ where/ why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。如：
This is the house where/ in which we once lived. 这是我们曾经住过的房子。（where相当于in the house 作地点状语）
I’ll never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Shanghai. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在上海的日子。（when相当于on the days 作时间状语）
That is the reason why/ for which she told a lie. 那就是她为什么撒谎的原因。（why相当于for the reason 作原因状语）
注意
1.确立关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where/why的方法：看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，如果缺少用which/ that；如果不缺主语或宾语用when/where/ why。
2.关系副词在定语从句中不充当主语或宾语，只能充当状语。如果先行词表时间、地点、原因，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，应该用关系代词that或which。如：
I still remember the days that/which we spent in the small town.( 作宾语) 还记得我们在那个小镇度过的那些日子。
The reason that/which he gave was very reasonable.(作宾语) 他给的那个理由非常合情理。
The factory that /which we visited yesterday is far from here.(作宾语) 我们昨天参观的那家工厂离这里很远。
3.用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则用关系副词。
即学活用
1．The high building _____ stand four policemen is the police station．
A．which B．that C．in front of it D. in front of which
【答案解析】D 定语从句中介词+关系代词引导定语从句。故选D。
2．My mother will give Mary a model plane_____ she will like to play．
A．which B．that C．for which D．with which
【答案解析】D 本题考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。play with 是一个固定结构，故选with which。故选D。
3．The film brought the hours back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.
A．until B．that C when D．where
【答案解析】C先行词为时间名词hours表示时间，在定语从句中作状语。故选C。
【实战演练】
一、 单项选择。
1．Could you tell me when to get the book______ I want to read
A．what B．who C．／ D．it
2．The days_____ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.
A. when B．which C．who D．on which
3．A pen friend of mine______ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins.
A．who B．whom C．to who D．from whom
4. Don't forget the day_____ you were admitted to Beijing University.
A．when B．that C．at which D. where
5．Perhaps this is the only shop_____ you can get such cheap goods.
A. that B．of which C．by which D．where
6．I can still remember the place_____ my brother and I used to sit in the evening.
A．which B．what C .that D．where
【答案解析】
1．C关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可以用that或which或不填。故选C。
2．B spent是及物动词，关系代词which作其宾语。故选B。
3．D receive a letter from sb.收到某人的来信，先行词为人，故选from whom。故选D。
4．A 先行词the day为时间，在定语从句中作状语,表示何时进入北大。故选A。
5．D先行词the only shop为地点，在定语从句中作状语。故选D。
6. D先行词the place为地点，在定语从句中作状语。故选。
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