外研版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Friends forever Using language Attributive Clause 课件(34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
Using language
subject
verb
object
predicative
direct object
indirect object
object complement
main elements
adverbial
attributive
used to modify a word or sentence
What make a sentence
Attributive
the digital age
true personal information
something beautiful
working people
定语 : 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。
若是换成一个句子修饰名词或者代词呢？
若换成句子之后，如何把原来的句子和新加入的句子(从句)连接成一句话？
这两句话之间的关系是什么？
Attributive Clause
Attributive Clause
定语从句是由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词或代词。其功能相当于形容词，被修饰的名词或代词被称作为先行词。
关系词三功能
1．The number of people who/that were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
2．Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which/that was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
3．The army organised teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4．China is a country which/that has a long history.
5．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
6．The man(whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.
例句分析 ：
Harry Potter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词
关系代词
定语从句
Harry Potter is a boy.
He has magic power.
主句
指代boy
引导从句
在定语从句中充当成分
（主语）
The people who / that called yesterday want to
buy the house.
本句中先行词是 the people；关系代词who或
that指人，代替 the people，关系代词在定语从
句中作主语。翻译时可把定语从句译为主句的
定语。
翻译为: 昨天打电话来的那些人想买这个房子。
The people want to buy the house.
They called yesterday.
The man (whom / who / that) I have to phone lives in Canada.
本句先行词为 the man，关系代词共有四种表达，whom，who，that均可指人，在定语从句中关系代词作宾语时可省略。
翻译为：我不得不致电的那人住在加拿大。
注意：关系代词指代的先行词在定语从句中做宾语的时候，关系代词才可以省略，做其他成分的时候不可省略。
The man lives in Canada.
I have to phone him.
She was not in the train which / that arrived just now.
本句中先行词是 the train，关系代词which / that 均可用于指物，代替 the train，关系 代词在定语从句中作主语。
翻译为：她不在刚刚到的那列火车上。
She was not in the train.
The train arrived just now.
This is the book (which / that) you wanted.
本句中先行词为 the book，关系代词 that / which指物，代替 the book，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
翻译为：这就是你想要的那本书。
This is the book.
You wanted the book.
I live next door to a couple whose children often
make a lot of noise.
I live next door to a couple.
The couple`s children often make a lot of noise.
whose既可以指人，也可以指物。 在定语从句中作定语，意为“…的”，代替前面先行词的所有格。
翻译为：1. 我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常吵闹
2. 我住在一栋窗户朝南开的房子里。
We live in a house.
Its window open to the south.
We live in a house whose window open to the
south.
请在下列句子中填入恰当的关系代词。
He is the man _________ won the first
prize in the competition.
2. Is this the girl _________________ you talked of in your letter
3. The train ___________ has just left is for Shenzhen.
4. Where is the book _____________ I bought last week
that / who
(that / who / whom)
that / which
(that / which)
5. He asked a question ___________ had
nothing to do with his lesson.
6. He asked a question _____________I
couldn’t answer.
7. The girl ________________ I called is my
sister.
8. The girl _________ called me is my sister.
that / which
(that / which)
(that/who/whom)
that/who
9. The room ______ window faces south is
my office.
10. I want to see the girl ______ name is Mary.
11. Simon is a comedian and actor __________
has 10 years experience of researching
comedy.
12. The number of the people ____________
come to visit the city each year rises one
million.
13. My father bought a new bike for me ______
price added up to more than 1.000 yuan.
whose
whose
who / that
who / that
whose
Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which, who, whom or whose.
Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.
So I learnt a new language which/that allows me to “speak” with my hands.
Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.
I sometimes have problems (that / which) I can’t solve.
Lucy is a good listener (whom / who / that) I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.
Complete the online forum post with that, which, who, whom or whose.
Walking group welcomes new members!
Walk and Talk is a group ___________ meets every Sunday. It is free to join. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone _______ weekends need some excitement.
that/which
whose
We are all teenagers _________ love walking and making new friends.
We want you to join us! The next walk ___________ is open to new members is on 22 July. You can also bring your friends. However, anyone ___________ you bring must be over 12 years old.
Come along and join the fun!
that/who
that/which
whom/who
关系 代词 指代的 先行词 在从句中 所做成分 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
人，物
物
人
人
(人/物)的
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
宾语
定语
作宾语可省略
作宾语可省略
作宾语可省略
可省略
不可省略
Fill in the chart
Write sentences about your friend(s), trying to use some attributive clauses in your passage.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。
I like the book which/that she bought me
yesterday.
He made the same mistake again, which made his
father very angry.
He did everything that he could to help us.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but
they were absent.
注意：先行词为物，定语从句中
关系代词通常用that不用which的情况
①当先行词是不定代词all，little，few，much，
anything，everything，nothing，none，some等
时。
The very air that I breathed was filled with sand!
②当先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，few，just等限定词修饰时。
③当先行词既有人又有物时。
She described in her diary the people and the places that impressed her most.
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
(关系代词that在从句中作used to be的表语)
④当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
The first thing that came into my mind was his words.
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
⑤当关系代词在从句中作表语时。
注意：先行词为物，定语从句中
关系代词通常用which不用that的情况
Some experts think reading is the fundamental
skill on which school education depends.
①关系代词前有介词时。
②先行词本身就是that时。
What's that which flashed in the sky just now
①非限制性定语从句。
The city, which is located near a river, is very
beautiful.
①They planted some trees _________ didn't need
much water.
②The boy and the dog ________ are described in
the picture are very lovely.
③The first thing ________ he did after arriving
home was doing his homework.
④It is the tallest building ________ Daming has
seen ever since he came here.
⑤She said she would do anything ________ could
help her mother recover from the disease.
⑥ The book with ______ he is very familiar is very interesting.
⑦What`s that ______ you just talked about.
⑧Water, ______ is a clear liquid, has many uses.
which/that
that
that
that
that
which
which
which
注意：先行词为人，定语从句中
关系代词通常用who不用that的情况
One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones who flatter me don't please me.
①先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，ones，anyone，those等。
There are some girls who are playing games.
②there be句型中，先行词指人时。
as的用法: 关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句(可置于句首,且翻译为“正如....”)，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前常有so，such，the same等词修饰。
We should make friends with such people as are willing to help others.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
As we all know, China is becoming more and more powerful.
(as作主语)
(as作宾语)
(as作宾语)
比 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
较 This is the same pen that I lost yerserday.
比 It is so heavy a box as no one can`t lift.
It is so heavy a box that no one can`t lift it.
较 He is such a kind person as is liked by us.
He is such a kind person that he is liked by us.
①Is this the teacher ________ rescued several students from the burning building
②Do you know the lady ______________ our English teacher is talking with under the big tree
③Anyone ________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
④There are some students_______are cleaning the classroom.
⑤He is not the same man _______ he was.
⑥ _______is reported, a big fire broke out last night.
⑦ I
who/that
(who/that/whom)
who
who
as
As
使用定语从句的注意事项
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the
only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Mo Yan.
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has
learned French.
which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He said he was a Frenchman, which was not true.
为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited it last Sunday.
关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略。
(3)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.
This is the person who you should thank for helping your son.
Have you ever read the book, which was written by a young girl