2023届全国中考英语阅读理解热点话题 真题和模拟训练：航天和航空（原卷版+解析版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023届全国中考英语阅读理解热点话题 真题和模拟训练：
航天和航空（解析版）
1.（2022·山东烟台·统考中考真题）
For the first time, scientists have grown plants in moon soil (土壤) collected by NASA’s Apollo astronauts.
The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in moon soil. They wanted to see if it could be used to grow plants. Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results. “Plants actually grow in moon soil,” he said.
Ferl and other researchers planted thale cress, a small flowering plant, in moon soil. The good news was that all of the seeds (种子) grew. The bad news was that after the first week, they grew slowly. Most of the plants ended up small and not fully developed.
Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth. It was a couple billion years longer. One solution might be to use younger soil on the moon, like lava (火山岩浆), or put in some special nutrient (营养物) mixtures.
Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo groups that landed on the moon. Early last year, NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil for the planting experiment (实验).
The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.
A scientist said, “Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”
1．What did Robert Ferl think of the results of the planting experiment
A．Surprising. B．Disappointing. C．Awful. D．Regretful.
2．What do the Florida scientists plan to do this year
A．To find some younger soil on the moon.
B．To make some special nutrient mixtures.
C．To plant some other plants in new moon soil.
D．To use the moon soil again in the experiment.
3．What may be the real purpose of the planting experiment
A．To collect more soil from the moon. B．To send more scientists to the moon.
C．To grow plants on the moon surface. D．To plant more thale cress on the moon.
4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．Most of the plants grew well after two weeks.
B．The soil collected by the Apollo 11 is the oldest.
C．It is easy for astronauts to bring back moon soil.
D．Scientists found no ways to improve the experiment.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一项关于月球上的土壤是否可以用来种植作物的研究。
1．细节理解题。根据“Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results.”可知，佛罗里达大学的Robert Ferl对结果感到惊讶。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.”可知，佛罗里达的科学家们希望在今年晚些时候重新利用他们的月球土壤，在可能种植其他植物之前种植更多的芥蓝。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”可知，种植植物是向前迈出的一大步，真正的下一步是在月球表面进行。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth.”可知，科学家们发现，月球上的土壤时间越长，植物生长得越糟糕，阿波罗11号收集的土壤对作物生长的帮助最小。由此推知，阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最古老的，故选B。
2.（2022·山东滨州·统考中考真题）
The second live class from China’s space station was held on the afternoon of Mar. 23, delivered by Shenzhou-13 crew (机组) members Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu to students on Earth. Wang performed several scientific experiments. In one experiment, Wang used a toy of Bing Dwen Dwen, the popular mascot of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, to show how objects fly in a weightless (失重的) environment. They also showed students two pieces of cutting-edge scientific equipment inside the space station. Hundreds of students in Beijing, Lhasa and Urumqi watched the event.
Before ending the class, the astronauts answered questions taken from members of the public and raised by students. The questions covered different facets of life and work in space, such as how to take care of their skin, whether hot water is available, if the moon looks different from the Tiangong station, and how tears move in a microgravitational (微重力) environment.
Pang Zhihao, a retired spaceflight researcher from the China Academy of Space Technology and writer of several space-themed books, said the class will be an “eye-opener” for youngsters, especially students, by implanting (植入) the love of science and creativity in them. “Many well-known scientists were created by their interest and curiosity about ‘strange things’. The experiments done by the astronauts will put ‘question marks’ in our students’ mind, and the youngsters will then move to find answers and explore (探索) more places unknown to humankind,” he said.
5．What questions did the students not ask in the event
A．Whether cold water is available.
B．How to take care of crew members’ skin.
C．If the moon looks different from the Tiangong station.
D．How tears move in a microgravitational environment.
6．What does the underlined word “facets” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．faces. B．parts. C．problems. D．questions.
7．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Pang Zhihao is one of Shenzhou-13 crew members.
B．Thousands of students in Beijing, Lhasa and Urumqi watched the event.
C．Students raised questions for crew members about how to take care of their eyes.
D．Shenzhou-13 crew members showed students two pieces of cutting edge scientific equipment.
8．What does Pang Zhihao think of the class from China’s space station
A．It will encourage students to be astronauts.
B．It was held for students in Beijing, Lhasa and Wuhan.
C．It can implant the love of science and creativity in students.
D．It will be an “eye-opener” for youngsters, especially teenagers.
9．What is the theme of the passage
A．Space. B．Culture. C．Sports. D．Nature.
【答案】5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A
【导语】本文介绍翟志刚等三位宇航员在太空上授课，向同学们展示失重环境中的一些知识。
5．细节理解题。根据“The questions covered different facets of life and work in space, such as how to take care of their skin, whether hot water is available, if the moon looks different from the Tiangong station, and how tears move in a microgravitational (微重力) environment”可知，问题包括如何护理皮肤、是否有热水、月球与天宫站的外观是否不同，以及眼泪在微重力环境下如何运动。 故选A。
6．词句猜测题。分析“The questions covered different facets of life and work in space”及后文提到的问题可知，这些问题涉及太空生活和工作的各个方面，此处“facets”的意思是“各方面”，与parts语意相近，故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据“They also showed students two pieces of cutting-edge scientific equipment inside the space station”可知，他们还向学生们展示了空间站内的两件尖端科学设备。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据“the class will be an “eye-opener” for youngsters, especially students, by implanting (植入) the love of science and creativity in them”可知，通过在学生中灌输对科学和创造力的热爱，故选C。
9．主旨大意题。本文介绍翟志刚等三位宇航员在太空上授课，向同学们展示失重环境中的一些知识，主题是关于太空，故选A。
3.（2022·云南·统考中考真题）
Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from
Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after Chinese superhero Monkey King. According to Journey to the West, Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space.
The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths, this is the home of Tian Di. Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong so that they can work together.
Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a well-known poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for truth. Perhaps the Tianwen missions will end up answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions.
If you look into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously.
10．What is the Wukong satellite used for
A．Answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions.
B．Finding the difference between good and evil.
C．Helping scientists search for dark matter in space.
D．Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station.
11．The underlined word “myths” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese.
A．诗歌 B．神话 C．谚语 D．传记
12．The name of China’s Mars missions is from ________.
A．Qu Yuan’s poem Tianwen B．an ancient novel
C．ancient Chinese myths D．Journey to the West
13．Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously
A．We want to land on Mars. B．We want to protect the Earth.
C．We have the hunger for truth. D．We have a dream for space.
14．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．What Beautiful Names B．What a Cherished Star
C．What Excellent Poems D．What a Long Journey
【答案】10．C 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了太空项目命名的由来。
10．细节理解题。根据“The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space”可知，它用来帮助科学家寻找太空中的暗物质，故选C。
11．词义猜测题。根据“In Chinese myths, this is the home of Tian Di”可知，天帝是中国的神话传说，所以myths表示“神话”，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan”可知，得名于屈原的《天问》，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据“We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously”可知，中国人民有着长久以来的太空梦。 因此，中国太空计划的命名受到了非常认真的对待，故选D。
14．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了太空项目命名的由来，A选项“多么优美的名字”符合本文标题，故选A。
4.（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）
China has four satellite launch bases（卫星发射基地）. They are Jiuquan in Gansu, Xichang in Sichuan, Taiyuan in Shanxi and Wenchang in Hainan.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center which was founded（建立）in 1958 is one of the four famous satellite launch bases in China. The center has created eight proud firsts for China’s space industry. On April 21, 1970, China’s first man-made earth satellite was raised there. The Long March 2F rocket carrying the Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft blasted off（发射）from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in June, 2021.
Xichang Satellite Launch Center, also known as Xichang Satellite City, was founded in 1970. After 37 years of development, the center has thousands of sets of excellent equipment（设备）. It is known as the “Oriental Houston（东方休斯顿）”.
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center was founded in 1967. The center has launched China’s first weather satellite “Fengyun-1”, making nine firsts in the history of China’s satellite launches.
Wenchang Space Launch Center（founded in 2009）is now the fourth satellite launch center of China. Because it is only 19 degrees away from the equator（赤道）, more rocket loads（负载）are possible, making it the center of China’s space development in the future.
15．How many satellite launch bases are there in China according to the passage
A．There are three. B．There are four. C．There are five. D．There are six.
16．What does the underlined words “manned spacecraft” mean in Chinese
A．载人飞船 B．宇宙空间站 C．航空航天器 D．人造地球卫星
17．Which center is known as the “Oriental Houston”
A．Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. B．Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
C．Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. D．Wenchang Space Launch Center.
18．Choose the order of the foundation（成立）time of the four centers according to the following:
①Jiuquan ②Xichang ③Taiyuan ④Wenchang
A．①②③④ B．③①④② C．③④②① D．①③②④
19．Which of the following is NOT right
A．The center of Taiyuan has made nine firsts since 1967.
B．The Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft blasted off in June, 2021.
C．The center of Jiuquan has created eight proud firsts since 1968.
D．The center of Wenchang will be the center of China’s space development.
【答案】15．B 16．A 17．B 18．D 19．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的四个卫星发射基地。
15．细节理解题。根据“China has four satellite launch bases”可知，中国有四个卫星发射基地，故选B。
16．词义猜测题。根据“The Long March 2F rocket carrying the Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft blasted off（发射）from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in June, 2021”及常识可知，长征2F火箭搭载神舟十二号载人飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心升空，所以manned spacecraft表示“载人飞船”，故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据“Xichang Satellite Launch Center, also known as Xichang Satellite City…It is known as the ‘Oriental Houston（东方休斯顿）’.”可知，西昌卫星发射中心被称为“东方休斯顿”，故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据“Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center which was founded（建立）in 1958”，“Xichang Satellite Launch Center, also known as Xichang Satellite City, was founded in 1970”，“Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center was founded in 1967”，“Wenchang Space Launch Center（founded in 2009）”可知，建立时间的排序为：酒泉①—太原③—西昌②—文昌④，故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据“Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center which was founded（建立）in 1958 is one of the four famous satellite launch bases in China. The center has created eight proud firsts for China’s space industry”可知，酒泉卫星发射中心从1958年开始为中国航天工业创造了八个令人自豪的第一，而不是1968年，C表述错误，故选C。
5.（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）
On Dec. 9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu who are working aboard the Tiangong space station, showed our students a glimpse of their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Use it or lose it
The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity（重力）. But in space, our bones and muscles（肌肉） don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work.
Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands（弹力带） inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch（拉伸） the bands. This keeps their muscles strong. Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill（跑步机） and rode a bicycle. Astronauts exercise with these tools every day to prevent muscle loss.
Space water is different
Water in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow（流动） downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws（吸管） in sealed（密封的）bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs instead of falling down. They have to wipe（擦拭） them away！
During another experiment, Wang made a water film（膜）. Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth.
20．The astronauts gave a ________ lecture 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec. 9.
A．science B．Chinese C．history D．geography
21．The astronauts might become weak in the space because ________.
A．their bodies will stop growing
B．they have to work for long hours
C．they might lose some of their muscles
D．their muscles have to support more weight
22．Zhai showed ________ to the students during the lecture.
A．Earth’s gravity B．a “penguin suit” C．a treadmill D．a bicycle
23．Which is NOT TRUE about water in space
A．If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs.
B．If astronauts pour the water into a cup, it will flow downward.
C．If astronauts add more water drops onto the film, it will become a water ball.
D．The astronauts usually drink water through straws in sealed bags.
24．The word “_________” can best describe the lecture in space.
A．Boring B．Careless C．Dangerous D．Eye-opening
【答案】20．A 21．C 22．B 23．B 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了12月9日，中国的三位航天员在“天宫”空间站给地球上的学生们上的一节大开眼界的科学课。
20．细节理解题。根据“On Dec.9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth!”可知在12月9日，中国的三位航天员在地球上方400公里的地方上了一堂科学课。故选A。
21．细节理解题。根据“It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work.”可知据报道，航天员可以在几个星期内就失去他们身上20%的肌肉。这对航天员来说是非常危险的，因为他们会变得虚弱而无法工作。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据“During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”.”可知在讲座中，翟志刚向大家介绍了叶光富身上正穿着的一种特殊的服装，叫做“企鹅服”。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据“For example, water will not flow（流动） downward if you try to pour it into a cup.”可知如果你尝试把水倒进一个杯子里，水是不会往下流动的。选项B“如果航天员把水倒进一个杯子里，水是会往下流的。”表述错误。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据“This can never happen on Earth”可知在空间站所做的科学实验，在地球上是从来不可能发生的，说明这些实验让人“大开眼界”，可用eye-opening来形容。故选D。
6.（2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）
Last year, at 00:23 on October 16th, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft (宇宙飞船) rose into the sky. After flying around the earth for six months, the three astronauts of the Shenzhou XIII mission (飞行任务) returned home on April 16th, 2022. Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu successfully finished China’s longest manned (载人的) spaceflight.
Chinese astronauts get difficult training before going to space. The high-G training simulates the environment when the spacecraft takes off. Sitting in a super-fast spinning (旋转) machine, astronauts’ face muscles (肌肉) change shape. They cry tears as they spin. Blood can’t flow (流动) to their brains properly, causing a lack (缺少) of oxygen (氧气) and even blindness. Astronauts must operate the spacecraft under these conditions.
Another exhausting (使耗尽的) exercise is the underwater training which lasts (持续) seven hours each time. It simulates a weightless environment. Wang Yaping had to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks in 10-meter-deep water without eating or going to the toilet.
When Chinese astronauts do the high-G training, they have a red button on hand. If they feel too sick and can’t stand it anymore, they can press it to stop the spinning machine. But for over 20 years since China set up its first astronaut team in 1998, not a single person has ever used it.
25．According to the passage, China’s longest manned spaceflight lasted ________.
A．4 months B．6 months C．10 months D．16 months
26．The underlined word “simulates” in the second paragraph means ________ in Chinese.
A．保护 B．破坏 C．改善 D．模拟
27．Which is TRUE when the spacecraft takes off
A．Astronauts may be deaf.
B．Astronauts may not see things.
C．Astronauts’ blood will stop flowing.
D．Astronauts’ facial (面部的) expressions won’t lose control.
28．Astronauts can use the red button on hand to ________.
A．make oxygen B．start the training
C．stop the spinning machine D．record the time
29．Where do you think this passage may come from
A．A newspaper. B．A travel guide. C．A story book. D．A food magazine.
【答案】25．B 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国宇航员在进入太空之前接受了艰苦的训练，在高重力训练模拟了航天器起飞时的环境。
25．细节理解题。根据“After flying around the earth for six months, the three astronauts of the Shenzhou XIII mission (飞行任务) returned home on April 16th, 2022.”可知航天飞行持续了6个月。故选B。
26．词义猜测题。根据“Sitting in a super-fast spinning(旋转) machine, astronauts’ face muscles (肌肉) change shape”（坐在超高速旋转的机器中，宇航员的面部肌肉会改变形状。）可推知在这种机器上是模拟高重力环境，故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据“Blood can’t flow (流动) to their brains properly, causing a lack (缺少) of oxygen (氧气) and even blindness.”可知在高重力环境中，血液不能正常流向他们的大脑，导致缺氧甚至失明。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“When Chinese astronauts do the high-G training, they have a red button on hand. If they feel too sick and can’t stand it anymore, they can press it to stop the spinning machine.”可知宇航员可以使用手边的红色按钮来停止旋转的机器，故选C。
29．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国宇航员在进入太空之前接受了艰苦的训练，在高重力训练模拟了航天器起飞时的环境。所以这篇文章可能来自报纸，故选A。
7.（2022·四川雅安·统考中考真题）
Sharing the Long Journey
The six-month stay for Chinese astronauts in the Tiangong space station has just ended. Before they returned to the earth, they faced one last test—returning home safely. What had they done before they left the station
To go home after a long journey, you have to pack up. Besides their personal things, astronauts also need to bring home experimental data and samples (资料和样品) for further research on Earth.
The three astronauts also needed to clean “the house”. They must collect leftover food and the waste. The waste was put into the orbital module (轨道舱). It burned up as it enters Earth’satmosphere (大气层).
The astronauts must also put equipment (设备) back in place. They needed to make sure that things like gym equipment are fixed to the walls for safety.
Astronauts experience microgravity (微重力) for long periods of time. This affects their bodies. The three astronauts did physical exercises to keep strong. Experts made exercise plans for each of them to land safely.
Tiangong space station will be completed before the end of this year. Other astronauts will be sent there for further tasks.
30．How long did the three Chinese astronauts stay in the space station
A．Six months. B．Seven months. C．Eleven months. D．One year.
31．What did they bring back to Earth
A．Waste. B．Equipment.
C．Leftover food. D．Experimental data and samples.
32．What did they do with the waste
A．They threw it away. B．They fixed it to the wall.
C．They put it into the orbital module. D．They brought it back to the earth.
33．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph S refer to
A．Experts. B．Astronauts. C．Exercises. D．Experiments.
34．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage
A．To introduce Tiangong space station.
B．To introduce astronauts’ physical exercises.
C．To tell the importance of the astronauts’ work.
D．To tell the returning of the Chinese astronauts from space.
【答案】30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了宇航员从太空安全返回地球的一系列准备活动。
30．细节理解题。根据“The six-month stay for Chinese astronauts in the Tiangong space station has just ended”可知，在太空待了6个月，故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据“Besides their personal things, astronauts also need to bring home experimental data and samples (资料和样品) for further research on Earth”可知，除了个人物品，宇航员还需要把实验数据和样本带回家，以便在地球上进行进一步的研究，故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“The waste was put into the orbital module”可知，废物被送入轨道舱，故选C。
33．词义猜测题。根据“Astronauts experience microgravity (微重力) for long periods of time”及“Experts made exercise plans for each of them to land safely”可知，因为宇航员长时间经历微重力，所以专家们为他们每个人制定了安全着陆的训练计划，所以they指代astronauts，故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据“Before they returned to the earth, they faced one last test—returning home safely. What had they done before they left the station”可知，本文主要介绍了宇航员从太空安全返回地球的一系列准备活动，故选D。
8.（2022·江苏连云港·校考二模）
Thousands of years ago, Chinese poet Qu Yuan wrote the poem Tianwen, meaning Quest for Heavenly Truth. He came up with a series of questions about the sky, stars, nature and the world around us. The poem showed his spirit of finding the truth.
Inspired (激励) by the great poet, China named its latest series of planetary exploration missions (行星探测任务) after the poem in 2020. The first one in the series—a Mars exploration mission—has been named Tianwen 1, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said on April 24, 2020, China’s Space Day. This shows China’s wish to explore the universe (宇宙) .
China has made great progress in space exploration. In 1970, China sent its first man-made Earth satellite (卫星), becoming the fifth country in the world to send a man-made satellite independently. Since 2003, China has carried out six Shenzhou manned missions. China’s moon exploration missions—the Chang’e series—started in 2007. In December 2018, China became the first country to send the probe (探测器) Chang’e 4 to the moon’s far side.
The Tianwen series will follow the Shenzhou and Chang’e series and move further into space. The first step is to send a Mars probe, which means the start of China’s exploration of the red planet. The probe is planned to circle around, land on and explore Mars in one mission. It is the first to finish all of these tasks in one mission. The Long March 5 rocket has sent the probe to Mars.
After this mission, China plans to visit Mars again in 2028, aiming to collect soil from the ground of the planet and bring it to Earth. Around 2030, China will explore Jupiter and several small planets.
35．Why is the first Mars exploration mission named Tianwen 1
A．It explains the spirit of Chinese people.
B．It shows the wish of exploring the universe.
C．It has many questions about the sky, stars and the world.
D．It expresses the great poet Qu Yuan’s feelings.
36．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．How China explored the moon. B．How China explored the Mars.
C．How many missions China has completed. D．The development of China’s exploration in space.
37．What does “The red planet” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Moon. B．Mars. C．Jupiter. D．Small planets.
38．Which can be the best title of the passage
A．China Started to Explore Mars.
B．The History of Chinese Planetary Exploration Missions.
C．Tianwen and China’s Exploration Missions in Space.
D．China’s future plans for exploration.
【答案】35．B 36．D 37．B 38．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“天问”系列卫星即将发射，这是继“神舟”、“嫦娥”系列卫星发射后又一系列航天探索卫星，标志着中国开始向更远的太空迈进。
35．细节理解题。根据“...has been named Tianwen 1, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said on April 24, 2020, China’s Space Day. This shows China’s wish to explore the universe(宇宙) .”可知，命名“天问一号”表明了中国探索宇宙的愿望。故选B。
36．主旨大意题。根据“China has made great progress in space exploration...”可知，第三段整段都在介绍中国在太空探索方面取得了哪些巨大进展。故选D。
37．词句猜测题。根据“The first step is to send a Mars probe, which means the start of China’s exploration of the red planet.”可知，先要发射火星探测器开始探索这颗红色星球，“the red planet”指代的是“Mars”。故选B。
38．标题归纳题。根据文章通篇介绍了卫星“天问”和中国在太空方面的探索。故选C。
9.（2022·浙江金华·统考中考真题）
Many people may wonder what the three Chinese astronauts’ life was like when working in space. In fact, they did many of the things as we do on Earth.
They brush their teeth, wash their hair and go to the bathroom. However, because of the microgravity（失重）environment, they take care of themselves in different ways. They wash their hair by using the norinse shampoo to get it clean because there are no real showers in the spaceship.
Astronauts eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. But how much they eat depends on the astronauts. A small woman astronaut often needs only about 1,900 calories（卡路里）a day, while a large man requires about 3,200 calories. So there are many kinds of foods ready, such as fruits, nuts, chicken, beef and seafood. They can also drink coffee, tea and orange juice.
Astronauts can have much fun, too. They look out of the window, enjoying the wonderful sunsets and sunrises which happen every 45 minutes. Very often, they play with their food or even jokes on their workmates. Believe it or not, astronauts can even spend weekends, when they can watch movies, play music, read books and talk to their families.
After a long day at work, ________. Just like on Earth, an astronaut goes to bed at a certain time, then wakes up and prepares for work again. But there are a few differences. Astronauts have to sleep in sleeping bags in special cabins（柜子）. Generally, astronauts are planned to have eight hours of sleep. Like on Earth, they may wake up in the middle of their sleep to use the toilet. And astronauts also have dreams.
As for Wang Yaping, she had another experience—preparing for lessons for the Chinese students far down on Earth.
39．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．how astronauts work in space B．what it is like inside a spaceship
C．what kind of people can be astronauts D．astronauts’ daily life in the spaceship
40．From the passage we can learn that astronauts ________.
A．have to take showers every two days B．are not allowed to play jokes in space
C．can have many kinds of foods for their meals D．seldom have dreams when they sleep in space
41．Which of the following can be put in the ________ in Paragraph 5
A．it is time to make a phone call B．reading is what an astronaut needs
C．listening to music sounds like a good idea D．nothing is better than a good night’s sleep
42．What was Wang Yaping’s special experience in space
A．Making different kinds of foods. B．Taking care of the other astronauts.
C．Writing a report about space travel. D．Giving a lesson to students on Earth.
【答案】39．D 40．C 41．D 42．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了太空中的生活是什么样的。
39．主旨大意题。根据“Many people may wonder what the three Chinese astronauts’ life was like when working in space”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了太空中的生活是什么样的。故选D。
40．细节理解题。根据“So there are many kinds of foods ready”可知宇航员有很多种类的食物可以吃。故选C。
41．推理判断题。根据“After a long day at work...Just like on Earth, an astronaut goes to bed at a certain time”可知在一天的工作之后，宇航员会去睡觉，选项D“没有什么比睡个好觉更好的了”放空格处更合适。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据“she had another experience—preparing for lessons for the Chinese students far down on Earth”可知王亚平的特殊经历是为远在地球上的中国学生备课。故选D。
（2022·福建·统考中考真题）
On the afternoon of March 23, 2022, Chinese astronauts on board China’s Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013 Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country.
While watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20, 2013, Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing, was drawing a colorful rocket with crayons in his classroom. “Moon…stars…a rocket to the sky,” Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time, he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping, who talked about movements in micro-gravity（微重力）environments. “Zero gravity!” Qian Shaohong, another student at the school, shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air. “Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world,” said Zhang Yini, a teacher at the school.
The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the “roof (屋脊) of the world”. “I was most interested in the presentation of the ‘water ball’ in a gravity-free environment. It’s really amazing,” said Rigzin Jigme Doje, a high school student in Lhasa, Tibet. Describing himself as a lover of physics, Doje said the lesson helped him stay true to his dream of becoming a physicist.
The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the mysterious world of outer space to their hometown.
43．The space lesson in 2013 was for ________.
A．Chinese astronauts B．Chinese teachers
C．school children in China D．scientists all over China
44．Which picture shows Nie Haisheng’s body movement according to the text
A． B． C． D．
45．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Wang Yaping’s talk on micro-gravity environments.
B．The influence of the space lesson on the disabled students.
C．The efforts of the disabled students in a special school.
D．A 10-year-old student’s dream of sending a rocket to the sky.
46．What do we know about Rigzin Jigme Doje
A．He liked drawing stars. B．He talked a lot about his work.
C．He was a primary school student. D．He was fond of physics.
47．After watching the space lesson, the Tibetan students ________.
A．had a new view of their high schools
B．got an amazing “water ball” in space
C．increased an understanding of the roof of the world
D．developed a deep interest in the world of outer space
【答案】43．C 44．A 45．B 46．D 47．D
【导语】本文讲述太空课堂对残疾儿童及西藏的学生的积极影响。
43．细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013 Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country.”可知，2013年太空课堂是开给中国的学校的学生的。故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据第二段“astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air”，可知聂海胜在半空展示了交叉腿。A选项图片符合。故选A。
45．段落大意题。根据“Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing…he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson”及“Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world”可知，第二段主要讲述的是太空课对残疾孩子的影响。故选B。
46．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Describing himself as a lover of physics, Doje said the lesson helped him stay true to his dream of becoming a physicist”可知，Rigzin Jigme Doje喜欢物理。故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the ‘roof of the world’”及最后一段“The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the mysterious world of outer space to their hometown”可知，看了太空课之后，西藏的学生增长了对太空科学的兴趣，把家乡和外太空联系起来了，可推断发展了对于外太空的浓厚兴趣。故选D。
（2022·湖北·统考中考真题）
Online classes in space got lots of attention among Chinese students. The “classroom” in space station is about 400 kilometers away from the earth. The space classes make the young be proud of our country. As a special “teacher”, Wang Yaping is regarded as “the most beautiful astronaut”.
Wang Yaping was born in a small village in Shandong in 1980. She studied hard all those years. She was good at all subjects, especially sports. Luckily, in 1997, she was accepted by the Air Force, Changchun Flight Academy.
Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. She told herself, “China now has a male astronaut. When will there be a female one ” At that time, Wang was a pilot in the Chinese army. After having safe flights for 1,600 hours during nine years in the training center, Wang was a strong candidate (候选人) to become an astronaut in 2010. In 2013, Wang realized her space dream. She was sent to space by Shenzhou-10. She joined the team of Shenzhou-13 in 2021 and flew into the space for the second time.
However, it is difficult to be an astronaut. She has to experience a lot of pain that most people can’t stand and keep training all the time. Wang Yaping told Xinhua, “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman.” She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men, including the pull-ups and barbells (杠铃). That finally made her dream come true.
“You are on the way to success as long as you stick to your dreams.” Wang Yaping said. She set a good example to the young. Millions of students are encouraged and inspired by the most beautiful astronaut.
48．How far is the space station from the earth
A．About 2,400 kilometers. B．About 1,800 kilometers.
C．About 400 kilometers. D．About 600 kilometers.
49．When was Wang Yaping born
A．In 1979. B．In 1980. C．In 1997. D．In 2013.
50．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Wang did well in all subjects except sports.
B．Wang took part in Shenzhou-10 tasks in 2003.
C．Wang flew into the space for the second time in 2021.
D．Wang’s training was different from men astronauts’.
51．What made Wang Yaping achieve her dream
A．Beautiful look. B．Strong spirit. C．Nice family. D．Good luck.
52．What’s the best title of this passage
A．The Most Beautiful Astronaut B．The Special Space Classes
C．The Introduction to Science D．The Life in Space Station
【答案】48．C 49．B 50．C 51．B 52．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国最美宇航员——王亚平。
48．细节理解题。根据“The “classroom” in space station is about 400 kilometers away from the earth”可知空间站距离地球约400公里。故选C。
49．细节理解题。根据“Wang Yaping was born in a small village in Shandong in 1980”可知她出生在1980年。故选B。
50．细节理解题。根据“She joined the team of Shenzhou-13 in 2021 and flew into the space for the second time”可知2021年加入神舟十三号团队，第二次飞入太空。故选C。
51．推理判断题。根据“She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men, including the pull-ups and barbells (杠铃). That finally made her dream come true”可知经过她不断的努力和训练，她的梦想实现了，所以是她的坚强让她实现了梦想。故选B。
52．最佳标题题。根据“Wang Yaping is regarded as “the most beautiful astronaut”.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国最美宇航员——王亚平。故选A。
12.（2022·四川资阳·统考中考真题）
In 2003, China sent its first astronaut (宇航员), Yang Liwei, into space. Since then, 13 Chinese astronauts have “reached for stars”. Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu are three of them. They just finished the Shenzhou XIII mission (任务). Have you ever thought of becoming an astronaut like them
To be an astronaut, you need to be very healthy. Good eyesight and a strong heart are important. You’d better not have other small problems, like a decayed tooth (蛀牙).
You’ll start hard training when you become a backup (后备) astronaut. For example, you need to do a lot of running, swimming and pull-ups. You will also wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks underwater for 6 or 7 hours without eating or going to the toilet.
Knowledge is important as well. Astronauts take 60 courses to get ready for a mission, including math, English, physics and many more. So they will know what to do during the mission.
53．Who was the first astronaut in China
A．Zhai Zhigang. B．Ye Guangfu. C．Yang Liwei. D．Wang Yaping.
54．How is the training of the astronauts according to the writer
A．Difficult. B．Comfortable. C．Relaxing. D．Boring.
55．Why do astronauts have to take 60 courses
A．To keep fit. B．To learn English well.
C．To become more humorous. D．To know what to do during the mission.
56．What’s the passage mainly about
A．Why astronauts should be healthy. B．How you can become an astronaut.
C．What courses astronauts should take. D．Where Chinese astronauts are trained.
【答案】53．C 54．A 55．D 56．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国的航天员，以及想成为一名宇航员需要具备什么。
53．细节理解题。根据“In 2003, China sent its first astronaut (宇航员), Yang Liwei, into space.”可知，2003年，中国将第一位宇航员杨利伟送入太空。故选C。
54．细节理解题。根据“You’ll start hard training when you become a backup (后备) astronaut.”可知，当你成为一名后备宇航员时，你将开始艰苦的训练。故选A。
55．细节理解题。根据“Astronauts take 60 courses to get ready for a mission, including math, English, physics and many more. So they will know what to do during the mission.”可知，宇航员要学习60门课程来为任务做准备，包括数学、英语、物理等，这样他们就会知道在任务期间要做什么。故选D。
56．主旨大意题。本文介绍中国的航天员，以及想成为一名宇航员需要具备什么。选项B“如何成为一名宇航员”符合主题，故选B。
13.（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）
About six hours of walking in space! On August 20, 2021, Chinese astronauts Liu Boming and Nie Haisheng did the second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII mission (任务). They set up equipment and lifted a camera outside the Tiangong space station. Spacewalks can be dangerous. There is no air in space, of course. And it’s filled with harmful radiation (辐射). But the spacesuits, although they are bulky, can protect astronauts.
A spacesuit is like a small space station. It has everything astronauts need when they carry out a spacewalk. For example, China’s Feitian spacesuits have six layers (层). The innermost (最里面的) layer collects astronauts’ urine (尿液). Then there are four layers that help control the temperature and air pressure inside the suit. Spacesuits are filled with air, so they look like they’re puffed up (肿胀). The sixth layer is made of special fibers (纤维) that protect astronauts from radiation.
Astronauts are connected to the space station with safety ropes. The suit has headphones and speakers for astronauts to communicate. There is also a mirror on the wrist (手腕). Astronauts can check their suits by looking at it.
The first Feitian suit was made in 2008. Zhai Zhigang wore it to carry out China’s first spacewalk for about 19 minutes. The suits Chinese astronauts wear today are the second generation (代) of Feitian. It can support walks as long as eight hours and can be used more often. The first generation could only be used five times within two years, while the second generation can be used 15 times within three years. Each suit costs around 30 million yuan and it takes four months to make just one!
57．According to paragraph one, which of the following is right
A．Liu Boming and Nie Haisheng lifted a camera inside the Tiangong space station.
B．There is enough air in space.
C．The spacesuits are filled with harmful radiation.
D．The second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII mission lasted about six hours.
58．What does the first layer of a spacesuit do
A．Collects astronauts’ urine. B．Controls the inside temperature.
C．Controls the outside air pressure. D．Takes pictures while astronauts walk.
59．How do astronauts communicate with each other
A．They use headphones and speakers to communicate.
B．They use a mirror on the wrist to communicate.
C．They use special fibers to communicate.
D．They use a mobile phone to communicate.
60．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Show the first Feitian suit. B．Show how the Feitian spacesuit has developed.
C．Show the second generation of Feitian. D．Show the things a spacesuit has.
【答案】57．D 58．A 59．A 60．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了航天服，及第一代和第二代航天服的区别。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段中“About six hours of walking in space! On August 20, 2021, Chinese astronauts Liu Boming and Nie Haisheng did the second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII mission (任务).”可知，神舟十二号任务的第二次太空行走，持续了约6小时。故选D。
58．细节理解题。根据“The innermost (最里面的) layer collects astronauts’ urine (尿液).”可知，最内层即为第一层，它可收集宇航员的尿液。故选A。
59．细节理解题。根据“The suit has headphones and speakers for astronauts to communicate.”可知，航天服配有耳机和扬声器，宇航员们可用它们来进行沟通交流。故选A。
60．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The first Feitian suit was made in 2008. Zhai Zhigang wore it to carry out China’s first spacewalk for about 19 minutes. The suits Chinese astronauts wear today are the second generation (代) of Feitian. It can support walks as long as eight hours and can be used more often. The first generation could only be used five times within two years, while the second generation can be used 15 times within three years. Each suit costs around 30 million yuan and it takes four months to make just one!”可知，第一代航天服在两年内只能使用5次，而第二代航天服在三年内能使用15次；翟志刚在2008年穿着第一代航天服执行了约19分钟的太空行走，而第二代航天服能支持太空行走长达8小时；如今一套航天服的制作时长为四个月，造价约3千万人民币，综上，最后一段应是讲述了航天服的发展。故选B。
14.（2022·江西南昌·模拟预测）
At the Wenchang Space Center in Hainan Province on April 29, 2021, a Long March 5B rocket made great sound, going through thick clouds covering the city of Wenchang.
The rocket was successful in sending the core capsule（核心舱）of China’s space station, named Tianhe, into the space. In 1992, China’s government decided on a “three-step” plan for space project. The first step is building a manned spacecraft. The second step is building mini space stations (Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2). And the last step is building China’s own space station. This has brought China closer to its final goal.
As the working center of China’s space station, the core capsule is 16.6 meters long, about the height of a 5-floor building. It is 4.2 meters tall. In fact, the core capsule is bigger than a train or subway carriage（车厢）.
The Tianhe core capsule’s launch（发射）starts a lot of important jobs to finish building China’s space station. China’s space station will appear with the core capsule at the center and a lab capsule on each side.
To make sure a good life for astronauts, it is divided into six parts, like places for work, sleep and exercise. Besides, the core capsule will use “smart home” technology to control home appliances in the capsule through smart phones, such as the fridge and TV.
61．What is the last step of the “three-step” plan ________
A．Building mini space stations. B．Building a manned spacecraft.
C．Building China's own space station. D．Setting up a Long March 5 B rocket.
62．How tall is the core capsule ________
A．It’s 16.6 meters tall. B．It’s 11.6 meters tall.
C．It’s 5 meters tall. D．It’s 4.2 meters tall.
63．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to ________
A．The train carriage. B．The core capsule.
C．The fridge. D．The smart phone.
64．What’s the best title of the passage ________
A．China’s core capsule B．A new kind of rocket
C．Closer to the earth D．A good life in space
【答案】61．C 62．D 63．B 64．A
【导语】本文介绍了中国空间站的天和核心舱。
61．细节理解题。根据“And the last step is building China’s own space station. This has brought China closer to its final goal.”可知，最后一步是建造中国自己的空间站。故选C。
62．细节理解题。根据“It is 4.2 meters tall.”可知，它有4.2米高。故选D。
63．词句猜测题。根据“The Tianhe core capsule’s launch（发射）starts a lot of important jobs to finish building China’s space station. China’s space station will appear with the core capsule at the center and a lab capsule on each side. To make sure a good life for astronauts, it is divided into six parts, like places for work, sleep and exercise. ”可知，天和核心舱的发射为完成中国空间站的建设启动了许多重要工作。中国的空间站将以核心舱为中心，两侧各有一个实验室舱。为了确保宇航员的良好生活，它被分为六个部分，如工作、睡眠和锻炼场所。由此可知，it指代上文提到的天河核心舱。故选B。
64．最佳标题题。根据“The rocket was successful in sending the core capsule（核心舱）of China’s space station, named Tianhe, into the space.”可知，本文介绍了火箭成功地将中国空间站的天和核心舱送入太空的事件，因此选项A“中国的核心舱”作为标题最为合适。故选A。
15.（2022·江西吉安·统考一模）
The International Space Station (ISS) became human’s first “home” in space in 2000. It welcomed its first worker that year, paving (铺设) the way for 20 years of future research.
“We should know that we’re all citizens of not a country, but of the planet,” NASA (美国国家航空航天局) astronaut Scott Kelly said while talking about working in the ISS.
Over the past 21 years, the ISS has mainly been used as a science lab, hosting 241 people from 19 countries, according to NASA．They’ve gone on spacewalks, done research on how space affects the human body, and even grown different plants in space.
The station’s development has also been good for people on Earth. For example, the station’s water purification (提纯) technology has been used in poor areas to provide clean drinking water. The station also plays a role in warning us of natural disasters (灾害).
However, after working for over 7000 days, the station is starting to get old. It has leaked (泄露) air a few times. Scientists think that the station can keep working until 2024. After that, they will bring it down to Earth. It’s believed that the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层) will burn up most of the station.
The rest of it will fall into the Pacific Ocean.
In the future, space will be home to more stations like the ISS. NASA is building a space station that is smaller than the ISS near the moon. Also, China’s space station will be put into use in 2022.
65．What have the astronauts from the ISS done over the past 21 years
①Taken spacewalks. ②Done research. ③Grown different plants. ④Prevented natural disasters happening.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④
66．What does the underlined word “they” refer to
A．The 19 countries. B．The poor areas. C．The scientists. D．The humans.
67．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．It’ll be easy for human to fly into space in the future.
B．Space will be home to more stations in the future.
C．More astronauts will leave the moon in the future.
D．China plans to build another space station in 2022.
68．What’s the best title for this passage
A．From the Earth to the Moon B．An Astronaut from NASA
C．The Future of the Earth D．Human’s First “Home” in space
【答案】65．A 66．C 67．B 68．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了人类在太空的第一个家——ISS的相关情况，并展望了未来宇航事业的发展。
65．细节理解题。根据“They’ve gone on spacewalks, done research on how space affects the human body, and even grown different plants in space.”可知在过去的21年里，来自于ISS的宇航员进行了太空行走，进行了太空怎样影响人类身体的研究和种植不同的植物，故选A。
66．词义猜测题。根据“Scientists think that the station can keep working until 2024.”可知科学家们认为ISS能保持工作直到2024年，所以猜测此处代指科学家们，故选C。
67．推理判断题。根据“In the future, space will be home to more stations like the ISS.”可判断在未来，太空将成为更多的空间站的家园，故选B。
68．最佳标题题。根据“The International Space Station (ISS) became human’s first “home” in space in 2000”及全文可知文章主要介绍了人类在太空的第一个家——ISS，故选D。
16.（2022·辽宁铁岭·校考一模）
Zhurong, the name of China’s Mars rover(火星车), was announced on April 24th, 2021, China’s Space Day. The name of Zhurong comes from a character in ancient Chinese stories.
The way it was named is the same as other space programs like Chang’e, Tianwen and Beidou. In ancient Chinese stories, Zhurong is a fire god. He is a proud man dressed in the soldier’s clothes, holding a sword(剑) and riding on a large tiger. And he is famous for stopping his son from causing floods(洪水) for humans successfully. Besides, according to the words’ Chinese meanings, “Zhu” means “wish”, which can be used to express the good wishes for humans’ study of the universe(宇宙). And “rong” means “integration”, which shows Chinese people would like to use the space with other countries peacefully, and to build a community with a shared future for human beings.
Zhurong, the Mars rover, is 1.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms. It has six wheels and four solar panels(太阳能面板) and it can move at 200 meters an hour on the planet’s surface. With six scientific instruments, it can work for at least three months. On the Mars, ▲ such as the make-up(组成) of the planet’s surface, the weather and environment conditions on the Mars. Zhurong shows that China’s space programs have taken a huge step forward again.
69．Zhurong, Chang’e, Tianwen and Beidou are all the names of Chinese ________.
A．paintings B．IT programs C．poems D．space programs
70．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “integration” in Chinese
A．容忍 B．象征 C．融合 D．担当
71．Where does Zhurong’s name come from
A．Other space programs. B．A fire god.
C．A large tiger. D．Ancient Chinese stories.
72．How long can Zhurong work
A．For less than three months. B．For half an year.
C．For at least three months. D．For at least a year.
73．Which of the following can be put in ▲ in the third paragraph
A．it will get an unforgettable memory
B．our country will step farther and farther
C．it can do a lot of surveys and collect information
D．you could see all kinds of robots with different skills
【答案】69．D 70．C 71．B 72．C 73．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了“祝融火星车”这个名字的来历、它的外观以及它的意义。
69．细节理解题。根据“The way it was named is the same as other space programs like Chang’e, Tianwen and Beidou.”可知，这些都是太空项目的名字，故选D。
70．词义猜测题。根据“And ‘rong’ means ‘integration’, which shows Chinese people would like to use the space with other countries peacefully, and to build a community with a shared future for human beings.”可知，表明中国愿意与其他国家和平利用太空，共同构建人类命运共同体，也就是“融合”的意思，故选C。
71．推理判断题。根据“The name of Zhurong comes from a character in ancient Chinese stories.”可知祝融的名字来自中国传统故事中的一个角色，再由“In ancient Chinese stories, Zhurong is a fire god.”可知这个角色是火神。由此推出祝融的名字来自一个火神。故选B。
72．细节理解题。根据“With six scientific instruments, it can work for at least three months.”可知祝融号能够运行至少三个月。故选C。
73．推理判断题。根据“such as the make-up of the planet’s surface, the weather and environment conditions on the Mars”可知，此处介绍它在火星上的工作，C选项“它可以做很多调查和收集信息”符合。故选C。
17.（2022·山东济南·统考一模）
①Visiting outer space is still a far dream for anyone who isn’t an astronaut, but a day trip to the stars is already open for people to order!
②A new company (公司), Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers. It has big plans to run up to 500 flights from different places across the USA by 2024. If successful, reaching the outer side of space could be as easy as flying abroad in a few years’ time. The plan will be for spacemen and up to eight passengers to travel in Neptune, a capsule (太空舱) tied to a balloon the size of a football field.
③They will move slowly upwards right to the side of space, 30 km away from the Earth. There, space tourists will be able to look back at the Earth and out to dark space and the sight of millions of stars. Although the price is yet to be fixed, the expensive flight, which will take six hours, is likely to cost over 100, 000. Because the capsule remains within the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层), no special clothing or training are needed. It means that older people or those with health problems will be included.
④One problem may be the method of landing back on the Earth. The balloon moves back down from space until it falls down in the sea. Passengers, spacemen, capsule and balloon are then gotten back by ship.
⑤Now Neptune faces competition from the Straollite, a balloon being developed by a company called World View Enterprises, while the super-rich Richard Branson, Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are all pouring money into developing business space flying machines. The advantage of the balloon is that it will be cheaper than a space plane or rocket.
⑥Space travel may soon be a reality (现实), but how visitors get there is still a very open question.
74．According to paragraph 2, Space Perspective ________.
A．has quite a long history B．has run up to 500 flights
C．makes it easier for us to fly abroad D．wants to use Neptune to carry people
75．What do we know about space tourists from Paragraph 3
A．They can watch the Earth from space.
B．The flight will take them eight hours.
C．They should be trained specially.
D．They must keep in good health.
76．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5
A．The race to get tourists into space is becoming hot.
B．Only rich people are interested in business.
C．The Stratollite is popular with space passengers.
D．Richard, Jeff and Elon has little money.
77．Which of the following is an opinion
A．A day trip to the stars is already open for people to order.
B．A new company, Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers.
C．The balloon moves back down from space until it falls down in the sea.
D．Space travel may soon be a reality.
78．What is the theme of the text
A．Culture. B．Education. C．Health. D．Science.
【答案】74．D 75．A 76．A 77．D 78．D
【导语】文章主要讲太空旅行可能很快会成为现实，人们正在为此而做出努力。
74．细节理解题。根据“A new company, Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers. ... The plan will be for spacemen and up to eight passengers to travel in Neptune, a capsule tied to a balloon the size of a football field.”可知Space Perspective想用太空舱“海王星”运载人。故选D。
75．细节理解题。根据“There, space tourists will be able to look back at the Earth and out to dark space and the sight of millions of stars.”可知，从第三段可知，太空游客可以从太空中观看地球。故选A。
76．主旨大意题。根据“Now Neptune faces competition from the Straollite, a balloon being developed by a company called World View Enterprises”和“The advantage of the balloon is that it will be cheaper than a space plane or rocket.”可知，第五段主要讲述了将游客送入太空的竞赛正变得越来越激烈。故选A。
77．推理判断题。根据“Space travel may soon be a reality (现实), but how visitors get there is still a very open question.”可知，太空旅行可能很快成为现实，但游客如何到达那里仍然是一个非常开放的问题。结合选项，D项“太空旅行可能很快成为现实”是一个观点，其余选项皆为陈述事实。故选D。
78．主旨大意题。文章主要讲太空旅行可能很快会成为现实，人们正在为此而做出努力。属于科学类内容。故选D。
18.（2022·山东济宁·济宁学院附属中学校考三模）
Chinese Astronaut Bridges Gender (性别) Gap (差距)
Wang Yaping, a 41-year-old female (女性) astronaut, became the first Chinese woman to enter China’s space station. China’s landmark six-month journey in space has increased a lot of curiosity (好奇) about the differences between male and female astronauts.
“Astronauts need to meet high physical and emotional (情感的) standards, so female astronauts will not be exception(特例) from this expectation,” said Pang Zhihao, a spaceflight researcher in Bejing.
“Different from many people’s opinion that it is inconvenient for women to take part in long-term spaceflights, female astronauts actually have many advantages over their male partners in space missions (任务)” Pang said.
Researches on missions with female members in the past have found many physiological indices (生理指数) in women are better than those in males. They are more likely to stay away from iron poisoning, irregular heartbeat and other illnesses.
“Women are usually more careful and normally better at communicating. These advantages are useful in space flights. The presence (存在) of a female astronaut brings more possibilities for the mission,” Pang said, saying he looks forward to Wang’s success.
“This is not only an honor, but also a chance for us to research the various advantages female astronauts have when walking into the space,” Pang said. “Their generally smaller size is an advantage, as they’ll be able to control their weight better and, as a result, perform a wider variety of tasks.”
In addition, astronauts often do indoor experiments, and Wang Yaping is not different there. “She plans to study aerospace medicine and space life to prepare future female astronauts for long-term stays in space,” Pang said, “As part of her mission, she is glad to give her second space-based speech during her stay, encouraging young people to go for their space dreams.”
In order to provide a comfortable living environment for her journey, Tianzhou 3, a spacecraft carrying supplies to the China space station, has sent some necessary supplies that keep her clean and healthy. A special spacesuit was also prepared for Wang’s outdoor activities, lighter than the male’s.
79．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “various”
A．the same. B．different kinds of. C．experimental. D．unknown.
80．What can we know about female astronauts from Para. 2-6
A．They are worse at communicating than males.
B．They can do fewer dangerous tasks than males.
C．They have a more proper size than males generally.
D．They are more likely to have an illness than males.
81．What does Wang Yaping need to do like male astronauts
A．She gives the second space-based speech.
B．She studies Chinese medicine and space life.
C．She provides a comfortable living environment.
D．She meets high physical and emotional standards.
82．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To stress the importance of sending more female astronauts.
B．To discuss the problems that female astronauts probably meet.
C．To show the advantages that female astronauts have over males.
D．To remind us of the risk of finishing tasks for female astronauts.
【答案】79．B 80．C 81．D 82．C
【导语】本文主要通过对王亚平的介绍，告诉我们展示女宇航员相对于男性的优势。
79．词句猜测题。根据“This is not only an honor, but also a chance for us to research the various advantages female astronauts have when walking into the space,”可知，此处是指女性航天员有很多的优势，可推测“various”意为“各种各样的”，与B选项“不同种类的”符合。故选B。
80．细节理解题。根据“Their generally smaller size is an advantage, as they’ll be able to control their weight better and, as a result, perform a wider variety of tasks.”可知，女性一般比男性体形更小，她们可以更好地控制自己的体重，因此可以执行更广泛的任务。故选C。
81．细节理解题。根据“‘Astronauts need to meet high physical and emotional (情感的) standards, so female astronauts will not be exception(特例) from this expectation,’ said Pang Zhihao, a spaceflight researcher in Bejing.”可知，像男宇航员一样，女宇航员也需要满足高身体和情绪上的标准。故选D。
82．主旨大意题。根据“Different from many people’s opinion that it is inconvenient for women to take part in long-term spaceflights, female astronauts actually have many advantages over their male partners in space missions (任务)”以及通读全文可知，本文的主要目的就是展示女宇航员相对于男性的优势。故选C。
19.（2022·河南南阳·统考二模）
Many of us spent our childhoods dreaming of becoming astronauts. However, the reality is that only a few will make it. But does that mean you’ll never get the chance to work in space Not necessarily.
In fact, some of the space jobs are not only for astronauts and they all sound just cool.
One of the most interesting space jobs is chief sniffer, NASA has already had a sniffer(嗅探员)named George Aldrich, whose job is to smell materials before they are used in spaceships.
Using your nose at work might sound a little strange, but the job is actually important. A spaceship is of small size and high temperature, which makes smells inside stronger. And once a spaceship is sent, astronauts “have no ways to run away from” unpleasant smells, Aldrich told The Telegraph. More importantly, smelling objects can help find dangerous things that could do harm to astronauts’ health.
Another job, the “space tour guide”, may seem a little ahead of its time-after all, there aren’t any tourists there. But now, many companies are starting to provide space trips and some rich space lovers such as Justin Bieber and Sarah Brightman have ordered the tours. It may not be long before space becomes one of the top travel destinations(目的地).
Being a space tour guide requires rich knowledge to help passengers get the most out of their journey. Space tour guides also need to be excellent storytellers so that passengers can experience the true beauty of the space travel.
Astronauts often spend longtime in space with the same group of people, which is why a space psychologist(心理学家)is also needed to help astronauts overcome bad feelings. “We’re crossing the boundaries between science fiction and reality,” said Rohit Talwar, director of the US company Fast Future Research. “Things we’ve seen in movies are now becoming reality!”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
83．How many cool and new space jobs are mentioned in the text
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
84．According to the text, George Aldrich’s job at NASA is mainly about ________.
A．checking the size and temperature of the spacesh中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023届全国中考英语阅读理解热点话题 真题和模拟训练：
航天和航空（原卷版）
1.（2022·山东烟台·统考中考真题）
For the first time, scientists have grown plants in moon soil (土壤) collected by NASA’s Apollo astronauts.
The scientists had no idea if anything would grow in moon soil. They wanted to see if it could be used to grow plants. Robert Ferl of the University of Florida was surprised with the results. “Plants actually grow in moon soil,” he said.
Ferl and other researchers planted thale cress, a small flowering plant, in moon soil. The good news was that all of the seeds (种子) grew. The bad news was that after the first week, they grew slowly. Most of the plants ended up small and not fully developed.
Scientists found that the longer the soil was on the moon, the worse the plants seemed to grow. The soil collected by the Apollo 11 was the least helpful for growth. It was a couple billion years longer. One solution might be to use younger soil on the moon, like lava (火山岩浆), or put in some special nutrient (营养物) mixtures.
Only 382 kilograms of moon rocks and soil were brought back by the six Apollo groups that landed on the moon. Early last year, NASA finally gave out 12 grams of soil for the planting experiment (实验).
The Florida scientists hope to reuse their moon soil later this year, planting more thale cress before possibly moving on to other plants.
A scientist said, “Growing plants is a big step forward. The real next step is to go and do it on the surface of the moon.”
1．What did Robert Ferl think of the results of the planting experiment
A．Surprising. B．Disappointing. C．Awful. D．Regretful.
2．What do the Florida scientists plan to do this year
A．To find some younger soil on the moon.
B．To make some special nutrient mixtures.
C．To plant some other plants in new moon soil.
D．To use the moon soil again in the experiment.
3．What may be the real purpose of the planting experiment
A．To collect more soil from the moon. B．To send more scientists to the moon.
C．To grow plants on the moon surface. D．To plant more thale cress on the moon.
4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．Most of the plants grew well after two weeks.
B．The soil collected by the Apollo 11 is the oldest.
C．It is easy for astronauts to bring back moon soil.
D．Scientists found no ways to improve the experiment.
2.（2022·山东滨州·统考中考真题）
The second live class from China’s space station was held on the afternoon of Mar. 23, delivered by Shenzhou-13 crew (机组) members Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu to students on Earth. Wang performed several scientific experiments. In one experiment, Wang used a toy of Bing Dwen Dwen, the popular mascot of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, to show how objects fly in a weightless (失重的) environment. They also showed students two pieces of cutting-edge scientific equipment inside the space station. Hundreds of students in Beijing, Lhasa and Urumqi watched the event.
Before ending the class, the astronauts answered questions taken from members of the public and raised by students. The questions covered different facets of life and work in space, such as how to take care of their skin, whether hot water is available, if the moon looks different from the Tiangong station, and how tears move in a microgravitational (微重力) environment.
Pang Zhihao, a retired spaceflight researcher from the China Academy of Space Technology and writer of several space-themed books, said the class will be an “eye-opener” for youngsters, especially students, by implanting (植入) the love of science and creativity in them. “Many well-known scientists were created by their interest and curiosity about ‘strange things’. The experiments done by the astronauts will put ‘question marks’ in our students’ mind, and the youngsters will then move to find answers and explore (探索) more places unknown to humankind,” he said.
5．What questions did the students not ask in the event
A．Whether cold water is available.
B．How to take care of crew members’ skin.
C．If the moon looks different from the Tiangong station.
D．How tears move in a microgravitational environment.
6．What does the underlined word “facets” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．faces. B．parts. C．problems. D．questions.
7．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Pang Zhihao is one of Shenzhou-13 crew members.
B．Thousands of students in Beijing, Lhasa and Urumqi watched the event.
C．Students raised questions for crew members about how to take care of their eyes.
D．Shenzhou-13 crew members showed students two pieces of cutting edge scientific equipment.
8．What does Pang Zhihao think of the class from China’s space station
A．It will encourage students to be astronauts.
B．It was held for students in Beijing, Lhasa and Wuhan.
C．It can implant the love of science and creativity in students.
D．It will be an “eye-opener” for youngsters, especially teenagers.
9．What is the theme of the passage
A．Space. B．Culture. C．Sports. D．Nature.
3.（2022·云南·统考中考真题）
Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where the names of Chinese space programs come from
Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after Chinese superhero Monkey King. According to Journey to the West, Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as Monkey King to help scientists search for dark matter in space.
The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths, this is the home of Tian Di. Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong so that they can work together.
Tianwen, China’s Mars missions (任务), gets its name from the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a well-known poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he had the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for truth. Perhaps the Tianwen missions will end up answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions.
If you look into more names of Chinese space programs, you will find that they all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream. So the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously.
10．What is the Wukong satellite used for
A．Answering some of Qu Yuan’s questions.
B．Finding the difference between good and evil.
C．Helping scientists search for dark matter in space.
D．Welcoming foreign astronauts to the space station.
11．The underlined word “myths” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese.
A．诗歌 B．神话 C．谚语 D．传记
12．The name of China’s Mars missions is from ________.
A．Qu Yuan’s poem Tianwen B．an ancient novel
C．ancient Chinese myths D．Journey to the West
13．Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously
A．We want to land on Mars. B．We want to protect the Earth.
C．We have the hunger for truth. D．We have a dream for space.
14．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．What Beautiful Names B．What a Cherished Star
C．What Excellent Poems D．What a Long Journey
4.（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）
China has four satellite launch bases（卫星发射基地）. They are Jiuquan in Gansu, Xichang in Sichuan, Taiyuan in Shanxi and Wenchang in Hainan.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center which was founded（建立）in 1958 is one of the four famous satellite launch bases in China. The center has created eight proud firsts for China’s space industry. On April 21, 1970, China’s first man-made earth satellite was raised there. The Long March 2F rocket carrying the Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft blasted off（发射）from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in June, 2021.
Xichang Satellite Launch Center, also known as Xichang Satellite City, was founded in 1970. After 37 years of development, the center has thousands of sets of excellent equipment（设备）. It is known as the “Oriental Houston（东方休斯顿）”.
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center was founded in 1967. The center has launched China’s first weather satellite “Fengyun-1”, making nine firsts in the history of China’s satellite launches.
Wenchang Space Launch Center（founded in 2009）is now the fourth satellite launch center of China. Because it is only 19 degrees away from the equator（赤道）, more rocket loads（负载）are possible, making it the center of China’s space development in the future.
15．How many satellite launch bases are there in China according to the passage
A．There are three. B．There are four. C．There are five. D．There are six.
16．What does the underlined words “manned spacecraft” mean in Chinese
A．载人飞船 B．宇宙空间站 C．航空航天器 D．人造地球卫星
17．Which center is known as the “Oriental Houston”
A．Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. B．Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
C．Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. D．Wenchang Space Launch Center.
18．Choose the order of the foundation（成立）time of the four centers according to the following:
①Jiuquan ②Xichang ③Taiyuan ④Wenchang
A．①②③④ B．③①④② C．③④②① D．①③②④
19．Which of the following is NOT right
A．The center of Taiyuan has made nine firsts since 1967.
B．The Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft blasted off in June, 2021.
C．The center of Jiuquan has created eight proud firsts since 1968.
D．The center of Wenchang will be the center of China’s space development.
5.（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）
On Dec. 9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu who are working aboard the Tiangong space station, showed our students a glimpse of their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Use it or lose it
The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity（重力）. But in space, our bones and muscles（肌肉） don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work.
Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands（弹力带） inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch（拉伸） the bands. This keeps their muscles strong. Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill（跑步机） and rode a bicycle. Astronauts exercise with these tools every day to prevent muscle loss.
Space water is different
Water in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow（流动） downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws（吸管） in sealed（密封的）bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs instead of falling down. They have to wipe（擦拭） them away！
During another experiment, Wang made a water film（膜）. Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth.
20．The astronauts gave a ________ lecture 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec. 9.
A．science B．Chinese C．history D．geography
21．The astronauts might become weak in the space because ________.
A．their bodies will stop growing
B．they have to work for long hours
C．they might lose some of their muscles
D．their muscles have to support more weight
22．Zhai showed ________ to the students during the lecture.
A．Earth’s gravity B．a “penguin suit” C．a treadmill D．a bicycle
23．Which is NOT TRUE about water in space
A．If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs.
B．If astronauts pour the water into a cup, it will flow downward.
C．If astronauts add more water drops onto the film, it will become a water ball.
D．The astronauts usually drink water through straws in sealed bags.
24．The word “_________” can best describe the lecture in space.
A．Boring B．Careless C．Dangerous D．Eye-opening
6.（2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）
Last year, at 00:23 on October 16th, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft (宇宙飞船) rose into the sky. After flying around the earth for six months, the three astronauts of the Shenzhou XIII mission (飞行任务) returned home on April 16th, 2022. Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu successfully finished China’s longest manned (载人的) spaceflight.
Chinese astronauts get difficult training before going to space. The high-G training simulates the environment when the spacecraft takes off. Sitting in a super-fast spinning (旋转) machine, astronauts’ face muscles (肌肉) change shape. They cry tears as they spin. Blood can’t flow (流动) to their brains properly, causing a lack (缺少) of oxygen (氧气) and even blindness. Astronauts must operate the spacecraft under these conditions.
Another exhausting (使耗尽的) exercise is the underwater training which lasts (持续) seven hours each time. It simulates a weightless environment. Wang Yaping had to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks in 10-meter-deep water without eating or going to the toilet.
When Chinese astronauts do the high-G training, they have a red button on hand. If they feel too sick and can’t stand it anymore, they can press it to stop the spinning machine. But for over 20 years since China set up its first astronaut team in 1998, not a single person has ever used it.
25．According to the passage, China’s longest manned spaceflight lasted ________.
A．4 months B．6 months C．10 months D．16 months
26．The underlined word “simulates” in the second paragraph means ________ in Chinese.
A．保护 B．破坏 C．改善 D．模拟
27．Which is TRUE when the spacecraft takes off
A．Astronauts may be deaf.
B．Astronauts may not see things.
C．Astronauts’ blood will stop flowing.
D．Astronauts’ facial (面部的) expressions won’t lose control.
28．Astronauts can use the red button on hand to ________.
A．make oxygen B．start the training
C．stop the spinning machine D．record the time
29．Where do you think this passage may come from
A．A newspaper. B．A travel guide. C．A story book. D．A food magazine.
7.（2022·四川雅安·统考中考真题）
Sharing the Long Journey
The six-month stay for Chinese astronauts in the Tiangong space station has just ended. Before they returned to the earth, they faced one last test—returning home safely. What had they done before they left the station
To go home after a long journey, you have to pack up. Besides their personal things, astronauts also need to bring home experimental data and samples (资料和样品) for further research on Earth.
The three astronauts also needed to clean “the house”. They must collect leftover food and the waste. The waste was put into the orbital module (轨道舱). It burned up as it enters Earth’satmosphere (大气层).
The astronauts must also put equipment (设备) back in place. They needed to make sure that things like gym equipment are fixed to the walls for safety.
Astronauts experience microgravity (微重力) for long periods of time. This affects their bodies. The three astronauts did physical exercises to keep strong. Experts made exercise plans for each of them to land safely.
Tiangong space station will be completed before the end of this year. Other astronauts will be sent there for further tasks.
30．How long did the three Chinese astronauts stay in the space station
A．Six months. B．Seven months. C．Eleven months. D．One year.
31．What did they bring back to Earth
A．Waste. B．Equipment.
C．Leftover food. D．Experimental data and samples.
32．What did they do with the waste
A．They threw it away. B．They fixed it to the wall.
C．They put it into the orbital module. D．They brought it back to the earth.
33．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph S refer to
A．Experts. B．Astronauts. C．Exercises. D．Experiments.
34．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage
A．To introduce Tiangong space station.
B．To introduce astronauts’ physical exercises.
C．To tell the importance of the astronauts’ work.
D．To tell the returning of the Chinese astronauts from space.
8.（2022·江苏连云港·校考二模）
Thousands of years ago, Chinese poet Qu Yuan wrote the poem Tianwen, meaning Quest for Heavenly Truth. He came up with a series of questions about the sky, stars, nature and the world around us. The poem showed his spirit of finding the truth.
Inspired (激励) by the great poet, China named its latest series of planetary exploration missions (行星探测任务) after the poem in 2020. The first one in the series—a Mars exploration mission—has been named Tianwen 1, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said on April 24, 2020, China’s Space Day. This shows China’s wish to explore the universe (宇宙) .
China has made great progress in space exploration. In 1970, China sent its first man-made Earth satellite (卫星), becoming the fifth country in the world to send a man-made satellite independently. Since 2003, China has carried out six Shenzhou manned missions. China’s moon exploration missions—the Chang’e series—started in 2007. In December 2018, China became the first country to send the probe (探测器) Chang’e 4 to the moon’s far side.
The Tianwen series will follow the Shenzhou and Chang’e series and move further into space. The first step is to send a Mars probe, which means the start of China’s exploration of the red planet. The probe is planned to circle around, land on and explore Mars in one mission. It is the first to finish all of these tasks in one mission. The Long March 5 rocket has sent the probe to Mars.
After this mission, China plans to visit Mars again in 2028, aiming to collect soil from the ground of the planet and bring it to Earth. Around 2030, China will explore Jupiter and several small planets.
35．Why is the first Mars exploration mission named Tianwen 1
A．It explains the spirit of Chinese people.
B．It shows the wish of exploring the universe.
C．It has many questions about the sky, stars and the world.
D．It expresses the great poet Qu Yuan’s feelings.
36．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．How China explored the moon. B．How China explored the Mars.
C．How many missions China has completed. D．The development of China’s exploration in space.
37．What does “The red planet” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Moon. B．Mars. C．Jupiter. D．Small planets.
38．Which can be the best title of the passage
A．China Started to Explore Mars.
B．The History of Chinese Planetary Exploration Missions.
C．Tianwen and China’s Exploration Missions in Space.
D．China’s future plans for exploration.
9.（2022·浙江金华·统考中考真题）
Many people may wonder what the three Chinese astronauts’ life was like when working in space. In fact, they did many of the things as we do on Earth.
They brush their teeth, wash their hair and go to the bathroom. However, because of the microgravity（失重）environment, they take care of themselves in different ways. They wash their hair by using the norinse shampoo to get it clean because there are no real showers in the spaceship.
Astronauts eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. But how much they eat depends on the astronauts. A small woman astronaut often needs only about 1,900 calories（卡路里）a day, while a large man requires about 3,200 calories. So there are many kinds of foods ready, such as fruits, nuts, chicken, beef and seafood. They can also drink coffee, tea and orange juice.
Astronauts can have much fun, too. They look out of the window, enjoying the wonderful sunsets and sunrises which happen every 45 minutes. Very often, they play with their food or even jokes on their workmates. Believe it or not, astronauts can even spend weekends, when they can watch movies, play music, read books and talk to their families.
After a long day at work, ________. Just like on Earth, an astronaut goes to bed at a certain time, then wakes up and prepares for work again. But there are a few differences. Astronauts have to sleep in sleeping bags in special cabins（柜子）. Generally, astronauts are planned to have eight hours of sleep. Like on Earth, they may wake up in the middle of their sleep to use the toilet. And astronauts also have dreams.
As for Wang Yaping, she had another experience—preparing for lessons for the Chinese students far down on Earth.
39．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．how astronauts work in space B．what it is like inside a spaceship
C．what kind of people can be astronauts D．astronauts’ daily life in the spaceship
40．From the passage we can learn that astronauts ________.
A．have to take showers every two days B．are not allowed to play jokes in space
C．can have many kinds of foods for their meals D．seldom have dreams when they sleep in space
41．Which of the following can be put in the ________ in Paragraph 5
A．it is time to make a phone call B．reading is what an astronaut needs
C．listening to music sounds like a good idea D．nothing is better than a good night’s sleep
42．What was Wang Yaping’s special experience in space
A．Making different kinds of foods. B．Taking care of the other astronauts.
C．Writing a report about space travel. D．Giving a lesson to students on Earth.
（2022·福建·统考中考真题）
On the afternoon of March 23, 2022, Chinese astronauts on board China’s Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013 Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country.
While watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20, 2013, Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing, was drawing a colorful rocket with crayons in his classroom. “Moon…stars…a rocket to the sky,” Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time, he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping, who talked about movements in micro-gravity（微重力）environments. “Zero gravity!” Qian Shaohong, another student at the school, shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air. “Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world,” said Zhang Yini, a teacher at the school.
The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the “roof (屋脊) of the world”. “I was most interested in the presentation of the ‘water ball’ in a gravity-free environment. It’s really amazing,” said Rigzin Jigme Doje, a high school student in Lhasa, Tibet. Describing himself as a lover of physics, Doje said the lesson helped him stay true to his dream of becoming a physicist.
The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the mysterious world of outer space to their hometown.
43．The space lesson in 2013 was for ________.
A．Chinese astronauts B．Chinese teachers
C．school children in China D．scientists all over China
44．Which picture shows Nie Haisheng’s body movement according to the text
A． B． C． D．
45．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Wang Yaping’s talk on micro-gravity environments.
B．The influence of the space lesson on the disabled students.
C．The efforts of the disabled students in a special school.
D．A 10-year-old student’s dream of sending a rocket to the sky.
46．What do we know about Rigzin Jigme Doje
A．He liked drawing stars. B．He talked a lot about his work.
C．He was a primary school student. D．He was fond of physics.
47．After watching the space lesson, the Tibetan students ________.
A．had a new view of their high schools
B．got an amazing “water ball” in space
C．increased an understanding of the roof of the world
D．developed a deep interest in the world of outer space
（2022·湖北·统考中考真题）
Online classes in space got lots of attention among Chinese students. The “classroom” in space station is about 400 kilometers away from the earth. The space classes make the young be proud of our country. As a special “teacher”, Wang Yaping is regarded as “the most beautiful astronaut”.
Wang Yaping was born in a small village in Shandong in 1980. She studied hard all those years. She was good at all subjects, especially sports. Luckily, in 1997, she was accepted by the Air Force, Changchun Flight Academy.
Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. She told herself, “China now has a male astronaut. When will there be a female one ” At that time, Wang was a pilot in the Chinese army. After having safe flights for 1,600 hours during nine years in the training center, Wang was a strong candidate (候选人) to become an astronaut in 2010. In 2013, Wang realized her space dream. She was sent to space by Shenzhou-10. She joined the team of Shenzhou-13 in 2021 and flew into the space for the second time.
However, it is difficult to be an astronaut. She has to experience a lot of pain that most people can’t stand and keep training all the time. Wang Yaping told Xinhua, “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman.” She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men, including the pull-ups and barbells (杠铃). That finally made her dream come true.
“You are on the way to success as long as you stick to your dreams.” Wang Yaping said. She set a good example to the young. Millions of students are encouraged and inspired by the most beautiful astronaut.
48．How far is the space station from the earth
A．About 2,400 kilometers. B．About 1,800 kilometers.
C．About 400 kilometers. D．About 600 kilometers.
49．When was Wang Yaping born
A．In 1979. B．In 1980. C．In 1997. D．In 2013.
50．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Wang did well in all subjects except sports.
B．Wang took part in Shenzhou-10 tasks in 2003.
C．Wang flew into the space for the second time in 2021.
D．Wang’s training was different from men astronauts’.
51．What made Wang Yaping achieve her dream
A．Beautiful look. B．Strong spirit. C．Nice family. D．Good luck.
52．What’s the best title of this passage
A．The Most Beautiful Astronaut B．The Special Space Classes
C．The Introduction to Science D．The Life in Space Station
12.（2022·四川资阳·统考中考真题）
In 2003, China sent its first astronaut (宇航员), Yang Liwei, into space. Since then, 13 Chinese astronauts have “reached for stars”. Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu are three of them. They just finished the Shenzhou XIII mission (任务). Have you ever thought of becoming an astronaut like them
To be an astronaut, you need to be very healthy. Good eyesight and a strong heart are important. You’d better not have other small problems, like a decayed tooth (蛀牙).
You’ll start hard training when you become a backup (后备) astronaut. For example, you need to do a lot of running, swimming and pull-ups. You will also wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks underwater for 6 or 7 hours without eating or going to the toilet.
Knowledge is important as well. Astronauts take 60 courses to get ready for a mission, including math, English, physics and many more. So they will know what to do during the mission.
53．Who was the first astronaut in China
A．Zhai Zhigang. B．Ye Guangfu. C．Yang Liwei. D．Wang Yaping.
54．How is the training of the astronauts according to the writer
A．Difficult. B．Comfortable. C．Relaxing. D．Boring.
55．Why do astronauts have to take 60 courses
A．To keep fit. B．To learn English well.
C．To become more humorous. D．To know what to do during the mission.
56．What’s the passage mainly about
A．Why astronauts should be healthy. B．How you can become an astronaut.
C．What courses astronauts should take. D．Where Chinese astronauts are trained.
13.（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）
About six hours of walking in space! On August 20, 2021, Chinese astronauts Liu Boming and Nie Haisheng did the second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII mission (任务). They set up equipment and lifted a camera outside the Tiangong space station. Spacewalks can be dangerous. There is no air in space, of course. And it’s filled with harmful radiation (辐射). But the spacesuits, although they are bulky, can protect astronauts.
A spacesuit is like a small space station. It has everything astronauts need when they carry out a spacewalk. For example, China’s Feitian spacesuits have six layers (层). The innermost (最里面的) layer collects astronauts’ urine (尿液). Then there are four layers that help control the temperature and air pressure inside the suit. Spacesuits are filled with air, so they look like they’re puffed up (肿胀). The sixth layer is made of special fibers (纤维) that protect astronauts from radiation.
Astronauts are connected to the space station with safety ropes. The suit has headphones and speakers for astronauts to communicate. There is also a mirror on the wrist (手腕). Astronauts can check their suits by looking at it.
The first Feitian suit was made in 2008. Zhai Zhigang wore it to carry out China’s first spacewalk for about 19 minutes. The suits Chinese astronauts wear today are the second generation (代) of Feitian. It can support walks as long as eight hours and can be used more often. The first generation could only be used five times within two years, while the second generation can be used 15 times within three years. Each suit costs around 30 million yuan and it takes four months to make just one!
57．According to paragraph one, which of the following is right
A．Liu Boming and Nie Haisheng lifted a camera inside the Tiangong space station.
B．There is enough air in space.
C．The spacesuits are filled with harmful radiation.
D．The second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII mission lasted about six hours.
58．What does the first layer of a spacesuit do
A．Collects astronauts’ urine. B．Controls the inside temperature.
C．Controls the outside air pressure. D．Takes pictures while astronauts walk.
59．How do astronauts communicate with each other
A．They use headphones and speakers to communicate.
B．They use a mirror on the wrist to communicate.
C．They use special fibers to communicate.
D．They use a mobile phone to communicate.
60．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Show the first Feitian suit. B．Show how the Feitian spacesuit has developed.
C．Show the second generation of Feitian. D．Show the things a spacesuit has.
14.（2022·江西南昌·模拟预测）
At the Wenchang Space Center in Hainan Province on April 29, 2021, a Long March 5B rocket made great sound, going through thick clouds covering the city of Wenchang.
The rocket was successful in sending the core capsule（核心舱）of China’s space station, named Tianhe, into the space. In 1992, China’s government decided on a “three-step” plan for space project. The first step is building a manned spacecraft. The second step is building mini space stations (Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2). And the last step is building China’s own space station. This has brought China closer to its final goal.
As the working center of China’s space station, the core capsule is 16.6 meters long, about the height of a 5-floor building. It is 4.2 meters tall. In fact, the core capsule is bigger than a train or subway carriage（车厢）.
The Tianhe core capsule’s launch（发射）starts a lot of important jobs to finish building China’s space station. China’s space station will appear with the core capsule at the center and a lab capsule on each side.
To make sure a good life for astronauts, it is divided into six parts, like places for work, sleep and exercise. Besides, the core capsule will use “smart home” technology to control home appliances in the capsule through smart phones, such as the fridge and TV.
61．What is the last step of the “three-step” plan ________
A．Building mini space stations. B．Building a manned spacecraft.
C．Building China's own space station. D．Setting up a Long March 5 B rocket.
62．How tall is the core capsule ________
A．It’s 16.6 meters tall. B．It’s 11.6 meters tall.
C．It’s 5 meters tall. D．It’s 4.2 meters tall.
63．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to ________
A．The train carriage. B．The core capsule.
C．The fridge. D．The smart phone.
64．What’s the best title of the passage ________
A．China’s core capsule B．A new kind of rocket
C．Closer to the earth D．A good life in space
15.（2022·江西吉安·统考一模）
The International Space Station (ISS) became human’s first “home” in space in 2000. It welcomed its first worker that year, paving (铺设) the way for 20 years of future research.
“We should know that we’re all citizens of not a country, but of the planet,” NASA (美国国家航空航天局) astronaut Scott Kelly said while talking about working in the ISS.
Over the past 21 years, the ISS has mainly been used as a science lab, hosting 241 people from 19 countries, according to NASA．They’ve gone on spacewalks, done research on how space affects the human body, and even grown different plants in space.
The station’s development has also been good for people on Earth. For example, the station’s water purification (提纯) technology has been used in poor areas to provide clean drinking water. The station also plays a role in warning us of natural disasters (灾害).
However, after working for over 7000 days, the station is starting to get old. It has leaked (泄露) air a few times. Scientists think that the station can keep working until 2024. After that, they will bring it down to Earth. It’s believed that the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层) will burn up most of the station.
The rest of it will fall into the Pacific Ocean.
In the future, space will be home to more stations like the ISS. NASA is building a space station that is smaller than the ISS near the moon. Also, China’s space station will be put into use in 2022.
65．What have the astronauts from the ISS done over the past 21 years
①Taken spacewalks. ②Done research. ③Grown different plants. ④Prevented natural disasters happening.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④
66．What does the underlined word “they” refer to
A．The 19 countries. B．The poor areas. C．The scientists. D．The humans.
67．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．It’ll be easy for human to fly into space in the future.
B．Space will be home to more stations in the future.
C．More astronauts will leave the moon in the future.
D．China plans to build another space station in 2022.
68．What’s the best title for this passage
A．From the Earth to the Moon B．An Astronaut from NASA
C．The Future of the Earth D．Human’s First “Home” in space
16.（2022·辽宁铁岭·校考一模）
Zhurong, the name of China’s Mars rover(火星车), was announced on April 24th, 2021, China’s Space Day. The name of Zhurong comes from a character in ancient Chinese stories.
The way it was named is the same as other space programs like Chang’e, Tianwen and Beidou. In ancient Chinese stories, Zhurong is a fire god. He is a proud man dressed in the soldier’s clothes, holding a sword(剑) and riding on a large tiger. And he is famous for stopping his son from causing floods(洪水) for humans successfully. Besides, according to the words’ Chinese meanings, “Zhu” means “wish”, which can be used to express the good wishes for humans’ study of the universe(宇宙). And “rong” means “integration”, which shows Chinese people would like to use the space with other countries peacefully, and to build a community with a shared future for human beings.
Zhurong, the Mars rover, is 1.85 meters high and weighs about 240 kilograms. It has six wheels and four solar panels(太阳能面板) and it can move at 200 meters an hour on the planet’s surface. With six scientific instruments, it can work for at least three months. On the Mars, ▲ such as the make-up(组成) of the planet’s surface, the weather and environment conditions on the Mars. Zhurong shows that China’s space programs have taken a huge step forward again.
69．Zhurong, Chang’e, Tianwen and Beidou are all the names of Chinese ________.
A．paintings B．IT programs C．poems D．space programs
70．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “integration” in Chinese
A．容忍 B．象征 C．融合 D．担当
71．Where does Zhurong’s name come from
A．Other space programs. B．A fire god.
C．A large tiger. D．Ancient Chinese stories.
72．How long can Zhurong work
A．For less than three months. B．For half an year.
C．For at least three months. D．For at least a year.
73．Which of the following can be put in ▲ in the third paragraph
A．it will get an unforgettable memory
B．our country will step farther and farther
C．it can do a lot of surveys and collect information
D．you could see all kinds of robots with different skills
17.（2022·山东济南·统考一模）
①Visiting outer space is still a far dream for anyone who isn’t an astronaut, but a day trip to the stars is already open for people to order!
②A new company (公司), Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers. It has big plans to run up to 500 flights from different places across the USA by 2024. If successful, reaching the outer side of space could be as easy as flying abroad in a few years’ time. The plan will be for spacemen and up to eight passengers to travel in Neptune, a capsule (太空舱) tied to a balloon the size of a football field.
③They will move slowly upwards right to the side of space, 30 km away from the Earth. There, space tourists will be able to look back at the Earth and out to dark space and the sight of millions of stars. Although the price is yet to be fixed, the expensive flight, which will take six hours, is likely to cost over 100, 000. Because the capsule remains within the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层), no special clothing or training are needed. It means that older people or those with health problems will be included.
④One problem may be the method of landing back on the Earth. The balloon moves back down from space until it falls down in the sea. Passengers, spacemen, capsule and balloon are then gotten back by ship.
⑤Now Neptune faces competition from the Straollite, a balloon being developed by a company called World View Enterprises, while the super-rich Richard Branson, Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are all pouring money into developing business space flying machines. The advantage of the balloon is that it will be cheaper than a space plane or rocket.
⑥Space travel may soon be a reality (现实), but how visitors get there is still a very open question.
74．According to paragraph 2, Space Perspective ________.
A．has quite a long history B．has run up to 500 flights
C．makes it easier for us to fly abroad D．wants to use Neptune to carry people
75．What do we know about space tourists from Paragraph 3
A．They can watch the Earth from space.
B．The flight will take them eight hours.
C．They should be trained specially.
D．They must keep in good health.
76．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5
A．The race to get tourists into space is becoming hot.
B．Only rich people are interested in business.
C．The Stratollite is popular with space passengers.
D．Richard, Jeff and Elon has little money.
77．Which of the following is an opinion
A．A day trip to the stars is already open for people to order.
B．A new company, Space Perspective, is planning tests with passengers.
C．The balloon moves back down from space until it falls down in the sea.
D．Space travel may soon be a reality.
78．What is the theme of the text
A．Culture. B．Education. C．Health. D．Science.
18.（2022·山东济宁·济宁学院附属中学校考三模）
Chinese Astronaut Bridges Gender (性别) Gap (差距)
Wang Yaping, a 41-year-old female (女性) astronaut, became the first Chinese woman to enter China’s space station. China’s landmark six-month journey in space has increased a lot of curiosity (好奇) about the differences between male and female astronauts.
“Astronauts need to meet high physical and emotional (情感的) standards, so female astronauts will not be exception(特例) from this expectation,” said Pang Zhihao, a spaceflight researcher in Bejing.
“Different from many people’s opinion that it is inconvenient for women to take part in long-term spaceflights, female astronauts actually have many advantages over their male partners in space missions (任务)” Pang said.
Researches on missions with female members in the past have found many physiological indices (生理指数) in women are better than those in males. They are more likely to stay away from iron poisoning, irregular heartbeat and other illnesses.
“Women are usually more careful and normally better at communicating. These advantages are useful in space flights. The presence (存在) of a female astronaut brings more possibilities for the mission,” Pang said, saying he looks forward to Wang’s success.
“This is not only an honor, but also a chance for us to research the various advantages female astronauts have when walking into the space,” Pang said. “Their generally smaller size is an advantage, as they’ll be able to control their weight better and, as a result, perform a wider variety of tasks.”
In addition, astronauts often do indoor experiments, and Wang Yaping is not different there. “She plans to study aerospace medicine and space life to prepare future female astronauts for long-term stays in space,” Pang said, “As part of her mission, she is glad to give her second space-based speech during her stay, encouraging young people to go for their space dreams.”
In order to provide a comfortable living environment for her journey, Tianzhou 3, a spacecraft carrying supplies to the China space station, has sent some necessary supplies that keep her clean and healthy. A special spacesuit was also prepared for Wang’s outdoor activities, lighter than the male’s.
79．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “various”
A．the same. B．different kinds of. C．experimental. D．unknown.
80．What can we know about female astronauts from Para. 2-6
A．They are worse at communicating than males.
B．They can do fewer dangerous tasks than males.
C．They have a more proper size than males generally.
D．They are more likely to have an illness than males.
81．What does Wang Yaping need to do like male astronauts
A．She gives the second space-based speech.
B．She studies Chinese medicine and space life.
C．She provides a comfortable living environment.
D．She meets high physical and emotional standards.
82．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To stress the importance of sending more female astronauts.
B．To discuss the problems that female astronauts probably meet.
C．To show the advantages that female astronauts have over males.
D．To remind us of the risk of finishing tasks for female astronauts.
19.（2022·河南南阳·统考二模）
Many of us spent our childhoods dreaming of becoming astronauts. However, the reality is that only a few will make it. But does that mean you’ll never get the chance to work in space Not necessarily.
In fact, some of the space jobs are not only for astronauts and they all sound just cool.
One of the most interesting space jobs is chief sniffer, NASA has already had a sniffer(嗅探员)named George Aldrich, whose job is to smell materials before they are used in spaceships.
Using your nose at work might sound a little strange, but the job is actually important. A spaceship is of small size and high temperature, which makes smells inside stronger. And once a spaceship is sent, astronauts “have no ways to run away from” unpleasant smells, Aldrich told The Telegraph. More importantly, smelling objects can help find dangerous things that could do harm to astronauts’ health.
Another job, the “space tour guide”, may seem a little ahead of its time-after all, there aren’t any tourists there. But now, many companies are starting to provide space trips and some rich space lovers such as Justin Bieber and Sarah Brightman have ordered the tours. It may not be long before space becomes one of the top travel destinations(目的地).
Being a space tour guide requires rich knowledge to help passengers get the most out of their journey. Space tour guides also need to be excellent storytellers so that passengers can experience the true beauty of the space travel.
Astronauts often spend longtime in space with the same group of people, which is why a space psychologist(心理学家)is also needed to help astronauts overcome bad feelings. “We’re crossing the boundaries between science fiction and reality,” said Rohit Talwar, director of the US company Fast Future Research. “Things we’ve seen in movies are now becoming reality!”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
83．How many cool and new space jobs are mentioned in the text
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
84．According to the text, George Aldrich’s job at NASA is mainly about ________.
A．checking the size and temperature of the spaceship
B．keeping astronauts safe from things that have unpleasant smells
C．cheering astronauts up with excellent stories
D．cleaning up dangerous things that are found in spaceships
85．What can we infer(推断)from the text
A．A space tour guide needs a strong sense of direction.
B．More people will be able to afford space travels soon.
C．Modern astronauts feel less lonely when working as a group.
D．More space tour guides will be needed if space trips become more popular.
86．What does Rohit Talwar think of the new jobs in space
A．They’re impossible. B．They’re worrying. C．They’re exciting. D．They’re surprising.
87．What is the best title for the text
A．Between the past and the future. B．Do you want to travel in space
C．More choices of working in space. D．Never give up your dream.
20.（2022·贵州遵义·统考二模）
As we all know, Tian Gong Space Station has been the pride of our country. What many people don’t know is that the astronauts face many risks every day. Besides the unknown risks, the space junk has become one of the main problems.
According to the latest survey, there are hundreds of millions of pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes （望远镜）. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can’t see.
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites（卫星）, move around the planet so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed（碰撞）into a spaceship, it could be harmful to the vehicle（轨道）.
To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2, 000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.
To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere（大气层）after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
Many scientists also suggest different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth’s atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.
“The problem is becoming more challenging because we’re sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers,” says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space Researcher.
“The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,” he says.
88．What does the underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．New telescopes. B．Old satellites. C．Space junk. D．Other Planets
89．Why is space junk considered a problem
A．Because it may crash into other space tools causing damage or death.
B．Because it could force new space tools to travel at slower speeds.
C．Because it burns up after it re-enters the atmosphere after 25 years.
D．Because it will be used by aliens to know much information about us.
90．Countries want future space tools to be able to fall back into the earth’s atmosphere so that ________.
A．the space tools can be reused later B．the tools won’t become space junk
C．the influences of space flight can be studied D．the aliens won’t become angry
91．How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk
A．By building robots to collect it. B．By burning it in the earth’s atmosphere.
C．By sending it away from the earth. D．By destroying it in the outer space.
92．In which part of the newspaper would you probably read this article
A．Entertainment. B．Local News. C．Education. D．Environment.
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