人教版（2019）必修第二册 Unit4 History and traditions Listening and Reading 词汇精讲课堂课件(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新人教
单元：必修二 Unit4 (Listening and Speaking — Reading and Thinking)
本单元词汇梳理
1. Confucius：拓展 Confucianism (孔子学说，儒教)
2. philosophy：philo- (loving 爱) + -sophy (knowledge, wisdom 智慧)
派生词：philosopher
3. individual：in- (不) + -divide (分) + -ual (形容词词尾) → 不再分割的 → 单独的；个人的
4. Achilles’ heel：阿喀琉斯是荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中一个半神英雄、希腊联军第一勇士。他是海洋女神忒提斯和英雄珀琉斯之子。他出生后，母亲忒提斯为了使他炼成金刚不坏之躯，将其倒提着浸在冥河水中，除被母亲所捏的脚踵外，他全身刀枪不入。后来在特洛伊战争中，阿喀琉斯被暗箭射中脚踵，因此受伤身亡。
Achilles’ heel（阿喀琉斯之踵）用来比喻强大人物身上唯一的薄弱之处、致命的死穴或软肋。
5. kingdom：king + -dom (表示领域)
词块：the United Kingdom
6. chief：来自词根cap (头)，词源同captain
词块：an editor-in-chief /a chief editor
7. puzzle：词块：puzzle over / about; solve a puzzle
派生词：puzzled, puzzling
8. nearby：near + by
9. join … to …：近义词connect … to …
10. break away (from sb / sth)：① 挣脱 (基本义) ② 脱离
11. belong：词块：belong to，不能用于进行时态和被动语态
派生词：belonging (a sense of belonging)
belongings (personal belongings)
12. as well as：主谓一致：as well as 连接主语时，谓语动词应与as well as前的主语保持人称和数的一致
近义词：in addition to
13. currency：来自current；词块：foreign currency
14. military：词块：take military action
15. defence：de- (from / away 去掉；离开) + -fenc- (hit / strike 打击) + -e → 击挡开 → 防御；保卫
词块：in sb’s defence / in defence of sb
16. legal：词族：legal, legally, illegal, illegally
17. surround：词块：surround sb / sth with / by sth, surround oneself with sb / sth
派生词：surrounding, surroundings
18. evidence：e- (向外) + vid- (to see 看) + -ence (表示名词) → 外面看得见的 → 证据
同根词：video
核心句式：there is evidence that … (同位语从句）
词族：evidence, evident, evidently
19. achievement：achieve + -ment
词块：a sense of achievement
20. location：locate + -tion；词族：locate, located, location
21. conquer：con- (表示强调) + quer- (too seek 寻求) → 一定要寻求到 → 征服
22. battle：batt- (beat 打、击) + -le (名词词尾) → 战斗
词块：fight a (losing) battle, battle with / against
23. port：同根词：transport (必修一U2)
24. fascinating：fascinate (使着迷) + -ing
词族：fascinate, fascinated, fascinating, fascination
25. keep your eyes open (for sth)：= keep an eye out (for) 留意；密切注意 ，是非正式用语，对应watch / look out for
重难点词
精讲
defence
belong
as well as
achieve & achievement
搭配义
搭配义
一词多义
surround
battle
一词多义
搭配义
搭配义
individual
熟词生义
individual R3
■ adj
[只用于名词前] 单独的；个人的：
Each individual leaf on the tree is different.
It is difficult for a teacher to give individual attention to children in a large class.
独特的；与众不同的：
She’s got a very individual way of dressing.
■ n [C] 个人；个体；人：
Together, individuals can make a difference.
individualism n [U] 个人主义
individuality n [U] 个性；特征
词源解读：in- (不) + -divide (分) + -ual 形容词词尾 → 不再分割的 → 单独的；个人的
belong
Victory belongs to the most persevering.
胜利属于最坚忍的人。
— Napoleon
拿破仑·波拿巴（1769年8月15日－1821年5月5日），即拿破仑一世（Napoléon I），出生于科西嘉岛，十九世纪法国伟大的军事家、政治家，法兰西第一帝国的缔造者。拿破仑于1804年12月2日加冕称帝，把共和国变成帝国。在位期间称“法国人的皇帝”，也是历史上自查理三世后第二位享有此名号的法国皇帝。
belong vi 属 (于)；应在 (某处)：
Put the chair back where it belongs.
belong to 属于；是……的成员；应归入：
Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are his and hers.
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
Mike belongs to the English club.
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
注：belong to 不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
belonging n [U] 归属：
a sense of belonging
belongings n [C] [复数] 所有物；财产；财物 (possessions)：
Look after your personal belongings. 2008 四川
as well as
与……一样好：
I wish I could speak English as well as he can.
和；也；除……之外：
The weather in England is very changeable and it attracts the English as well as the outsider. 2013 重庆改
As well as writing stories, I love reading and listening to music.
The teacher as well as his students is going to plant trees tomorrow.
注 as well as 连接主语时，谓语动词应与as well as前的主语保持人称和数的一致。
[U] 防御；保卫；防护：
She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.
[C] & [U] 防务；防御物；防御能力：
The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease.
[U] & [C] 辩护；辩解：
I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
[C] (体育运动中的) 后卫；防守队员
defence / defense n
词源解读：de- (from / away 去掉；离开) + -fenc- (hit / strike 打击) + -e → 击挡开 → 防御；保卫
defence / defense 语义网络图
防御；保卫；防护
基本义
具体的防御物
防务；防御物；防御能力
辩护；辩解
后卫；防守队员
语言的防御
比赛中的防御
看图猜词
surround
围绕
包围；环绕；围困：
To some, happiness is being surrounded by family
and friends.
Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who
challenge you to be better. 2016 浙江
与……紧密相关：
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
surround vt
【词汇拓展】
surrounding
adj [只用于名词前] 周围的 (nearby)：
the surrounding scenery
surroundings
n [用复数] 周围的事物；环境 everything that is near or around you (environment)：
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 人教⑤ – 3
生活中的achievement
achieve v
vt (凭借努力) 达到 (目标、标准) to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially after much effort (attain)：
achieve success / progress
Happiness is achieved through hard work.
I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals. 2014 江西书面表达
vt 完成 to succeed in doing sth or causing sth to happen (accomplish)：
No one can achieve anything without effort.
He achieved what he had thought impossible. 2009 北京改
vi 获得成功 to be successful：
He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain and a determination to achieve. 2009 陕西
achievable adj 可达到的；可获得的
achievementn [U] 达成；完成the act or process of achieving sth：Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all hada sense of achievement.It is only the achievement of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace. [C] 成就；功绩；成绩：great scientific achievementsHe was awarded a prize for hisachievements inphysics.抽象名词具体化battle
“battle”一词开始作为一个比较大众的网络语被大家所熟知，是因为近两年国内综艺节目掀起了一波嘻哈狂潮，譬如《中国有嘻哈》、《这就是街舞》、《热血街舞团》。
“battle”一词常常用于在说唱、街舞中，rapper和rapper之间，dancer和dancer之间的一种PK较量，即人与人之间的“战斗”。
battle
■ n
[C] & [U] 战役；战斗：
fight / win / lose a battle
Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
[C] 斗争；较量：
a long-running legal battle
A good beginning is half the battle.
I realized running was a battle against myself. 2018 北京
fight a losing battle 打一场无望取胜的仗
batt- (beat 打 、击) + -le (反复) → 战斗
滑铁卢战役 （1815年反法联军战胜法国改变欧洲历史的战役）
这次战役结束了拿破仑帝国，也是拿破仑一世的最后一战；拿破仑战败后被放逐至圣赫勒拿岛，自此退出历史舞台。
■ vt & vi (与……) 斗争；(与……) 战斗：
battle for
They battled with / against the winds and waves.
How did our ancestors battle nature with the basic tools they had
【词汇拓展】
battlefield n [C] 战场；冲突地区 / 领域
本单元金句汇总
1. Together, individuals can make a difference.
2. I wonder if it is convenient for you to join me in visiting the exhibition.
3. Victory belongs to the most persevering.
4. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
5. As well as writing stories, I love reading and listening to music.
6. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.
7. I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.
8. No one can achieve anything without effort.
9. Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a sense of achievement.
10. A good beginning is half the battle.
11. I realized running was a battle against myself.
随堂检测
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. (2020 山东) ___________
2. In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. (2019 北京) ___________
3. The children are happy because they get a lot more individual attention and respond well because someone has time for them. (2008 上海) ___________
4. The girl has a very individual way of dressing. ___________
individual
(个) 人
单独的 / 单个的
个人的 / 个别的
独特的
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The house belongs ______ my aunt but she doesn’t live here any more.
2. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples ___________ (belong) to two major language groups.
3. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their ___________ (belong) when they leave the car.
二、根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。
1. When I was a boy, I _______________ (是……的成员) the Boy Scouts (童子军), so I used to go camping every summer.
2. In other words, gossip (闲聊) is satisfying because it gives people ________________________ (归属感). (2016 浙江)
belong
to
belonging
belongings
belonged to
a sense of belonging
根据所给汉语及提示，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 艾美和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。 (2019 天津) (被动, give sb a welcome)
________________________________________________________ when returning to the village last week.
2. 爱伦跳舞很棒。我希望我的舞跳得和她一样好。(2015 陕西) (wish)
Ellen is a fantastic dancer. ___________________________________
3. 这个论坛真的帮助我提高了自信和社交能力，还有我的学习成绩。(2013 福建改) (grade)
The forum has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills ______________________________.
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome
as well as
I wish I danced as well as her.
as well as my school grades
defence / defense
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. The lawyer produced a clever defence of his client (客户). _______
2. A good diet helps build the body’s natural defences. _____________
3. The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks. _____________
4. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game (2015 天津) _____________
5. Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame. ______________
防守
防御
辩护
天然抵抗力
为……辩护 / 辩解
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Some light showers have been forecast (预报) since last month, but all of them have been effective in ____________ (surround) areas. (2017 全国)
2. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa ______________ (surround) a low glass-top wooden table. (2013 四川)
3. When I headed toward the center, I found myself ______________ (surround) by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe. (2009 重庆)
4. Bill Gates has historically surrounded himself ______________ smart people, and he’s famously thirsty for knowledge.
surrounding
surrounding
surrounded
with
surround
二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。
1. 湖边树木环绕。 (被动句)
______________________________________
2. 我很快适应了新的环境。
______________________________________
3. 要和积极向上的人在一起，他们会激励你做得更好。(2016 浙江) (who引导的定语从句)
______________________________________
The lake is surrounded by trees.
I soon got used to my new surroundings.
Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
___________ 1. Your achievement is something to be proud of.
___________ 2. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your confidence. (2013 重庆完形)
二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel ___________ (成就感).
2. Man’s first walk on the moon was __________________________ (一项伟大的科技成就).
3. In the last few years, China has ______________________ (取得重大成就) in environmental protection. (2015 北京改)
成就
达成；完成
achievement
a sense of achievement
a great technological achievement
made great achievements
1. 这次期末考试我们取得了优异的成绩。
___________________________________________
2. 李华终于实现了自己的梦想，考上了北京大学。
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
3. 爸爸妈妈对我取得的成就感到骄傲。
___________________________________________
We achieved very good results in the final exams.
Li Hua eventually achieved his dream of going to Peking University.
三、翻译下列句子。
My parents were proud of my achievements.
battle
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. They are continuing a long-running legal battle to ask for compensation (赔偿) from the government. ________
2. They won the first battle but still they lost the war. ________
3. Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars are fighting a losing battle — these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to. ________
4. We have to battle very hard and our defense worked overtime (全力以赴) to keep us in the game. ________
官司
战斗
打一场无望取胜的仗
苦战 / 奋战 / 奋力拼搏
二、根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。
1. They ______________________ (与……搏斗) the wind and the rain to get here.
2. They __________________ (长期作战) against prejudice (偏见).
3. I realized running was _____________________________ (与自己的较量), not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.
4. My father _____________________ (与……斗争) cancer for many months.
fought a long battle
battled with / against
battled (with / against)
a battle against / with myself
谢
谢
观
赏