人教版（2019）高中英语必修第二册 学案Unit4 History and traditions易混易错点辨析 （有答案）s

【名师原创】：Unit4 易混易错点辨析
●lead to; cause (vt)
【教材原句】
Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion. (教材P38)
【辨析】
两者都有“导致，引起”的意思，在这种意思前提下，一般可以互换，但是在其它意思上有一定区别。
lead to …. 意思是“导致，引起；通向”，导致的后果可好可坏也可以是中性的，to 是介词，后面一般接名词。
温馨提示：
①lead sb./sth. to do sth. 引起某人/某物做某事
②lead sb./sth. to/into + 地点 把某人/某物领到某地/进入某地
cause 意思是“导致，引起”，一般导致的是坏的结果。也可以构成词组cause sb./sth. to do sth. 意思是“引起/导致某人或某物做某事”。
温馨提示：指坏的结果时，两者可以互换；做“通向” 讲时，不可互换。
【例句呈现】
He has warned that the serious rifts within the country could lead to civil war.
他已经发出了警告，国家内部严重的不和可能会引发内战。
Straining to lift heavy weights can lead to a rise in blood pressure.
用力提重物会导致血压升高。
He agreed that these policies will lead to gridlock in the future.
他认为这些政策将来会导致僵局。
Tampering with a single enzyme can lead to untoward effects elsewhere.
破坏一种酶可能会导致在别处出现异常。
There are recognized black spots in marriages which can lead to trouble
婚姻中有一些公认的容易引发问题的雷区。
So head northwest until you find a river which should lead to the coast.
一直向西北方向走，直到你发现一条小河，这条小河通向海岸。
Repairs and improvements can lead to higher rental rates.
修缮后可以提高租价。
Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.
大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
A combination of internal and external factors caused the company to close down.
内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。
The drug may cause an aggravation of the condition.
这种药可能导致病情恶化。
The disease can cause sterility in men and women.
这种疾病可能导致男女不育。
Heavy snow has caused total chaos on the roads.
大雪导致道路上交通一片混乱。
Anxiety can be caused by lack of sleep.
睡眠不足可能导致焦虑。
Researchers are still trying to isolate the gene that causes this abnormality.
研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。
【考点过关】
根据lead to和cause的用法, 用其适当形式填空
1. A faulty connection _______ the machine to stop that day.
2. If you string these experiences together, you can find a new life road will ______ your future.
3. The poor harvest ________ prices to rise sharply during those days.
4. He still believed that honesty and industry would ______ success.
5. Vitamin deficiency in the diet can ________ illness.
6. Excuse me, does this road _______ the railway station
7. Heavy seas can _______ cancellation of ferry services.
8. There were fears that privatization would _______ job losses.
9. Defeat could _______ one side to escalate the conflict.
10. Abuse can _______ both psychological and emotional problems.
11. Strong coffee or tea late at night may _______ sleeplessness
12. A poor diet will ultimately ________ illness.
13. Generally, a lack of magnesium _______ muscles to go into spasm.
14. Excessive drinking can ________ stomach disorders.
15. In its present form, the law could _______ new injustices.
【参考答案】
1. caused; 2. lead to; 3. caused; 4. lead to; 5. lead to/cause; 6. lead to; 7. lead to/cause; 8. cause/lead to; 9. cause; 10. cause/lead to; 11. lead to/cause; 12. cause/lead to; 13. causes; 14. cause/lead to; 15. cause/lead to
●information; message
【教材原句】
We can get the most updated information from large databases. (教材P28)
【辨析】
两者都有“信息”的意思，但又有一定的区别。
information意思是“信息、消息、情报、资料、资讯，通知”， 是不可数名词，没有复数形式，前面不能直接加不定冠词“an”；“一条信息”的表达为：a piece of information/an item of information/an article of information或者some information。“许多信息”是many pieces of information，还有：a source of information消息来源；
collect/gather/obtain/receive information 收集/搜集/获取/接收信息；provide/give/pass on information 提供 / 给予 / 传递信息.
也可作“知识”解, 其后常接介词on/about/concerning等。
message意思是“（书面或口头的）信息、留言，消息、电邮（或手机）信息、（书籍、演讲的）要点”， 为可数名词，也可以做及物动词，表示 “向（某人）传送（电子信息）”的意思。
【例句呈现】
Further information is available from the local tourist office.
进一步详情可向当地的旅游办事处查询。
The conference is a good place to share information and exchange ideas.
研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。
The information is processed in a random order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file.
他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。
It's a lot of information to absorb all at once.
要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。
The message is coming through loud and clear.
消息传达得清楚明白。
A message is just coming through.
刚有消息传来。
Would it be possible for me to leave a message for her
我可以给她留个话儿吗？
What sort of message is that sending to young people
这给年轻人传达的是什么样的信息呢？
People who message someone a lot feel unpopular if they don't get many back.
如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。
【考点过关】
根据information和message的用法填空
1. Pat refused to give her any ________ about Sarah.
2. I got a _______ you were trying to reach me.
3. He refused to comment before all the relevant ________ was seen.
4. There were no ________ for me at the hotel.
5. So far further ________ has not been provided.
6. We've had an urgent ________ saying that your father's ill.
7. Several people came forward with much _________.
8. There were four ________ in my inbox.
9. In order to get a complete picture, further _______ is needed.
10. Last night Jack _______ me to tell that he had caught a bad cold.
【参考答案】
1. information; 2. message; 3. information; 4. messages; 5. information; 6. message; 7. information; 8. messages; 9. information; 10. messaged
●puzzle; confuse
【教材原句】
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. (教材P40)
So what is the difference between them, if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. (教材P40)
【辨析】
两者都有“困惑”的意思，此时可以换用，但其它方面有一定的区别。
confuse 表示“因为把两个或多个事物或问题混淆而使头脑糊涂混乱”, 强调混淆不清，往往暂时的情况, 造成没法清楚地思维或理智地行动。一般作及物动词, 后接名词或代词作宾语; 也可与介词with连用, 表示“把…与…弄混”。
puzzle表示“行为情况、问题或某种现象错宗复杂,使人感到困惑伤脑筋”，因而不知道该怎么解决。一般作及物动词，也可以作名词，表示“难题，字谜，疑虑，谜团”等。
【例句呈现】
Don't confuse liberty with license.
不要把自由与放纵混为一谈。
They asked me so many questions that they confused me.
他们问了我那么多的问题都把我搞迷糊了.
I often confuse you and your brother.
我常把你和你哥哥弄错了。
People are apt to confuse the two issues.
人们容易把这两个问题混淆起来。
If we confuse these three levels, we will not think clearly.
如果我们混淆了这三个等级，我们便不会清晰地思考。
My words surprised and confused/puzzled him.
我的话使他惊讶且迷惑。
What you said just now confused/puzzled me.
你刚才说的话使我很困惑。
The find left archaeologists with a puzzle.
这个发现给考古学家留下了一个谜团。
Will you help me to solve this puzzle
你能帮助我解决这个难题吗
He sat frowning over a crossword puzzle.
他坐着皱着眉头在思考纵横字谜。
She could not get the puzzle out of her mind.
她无法解开心中的疑虑。
His question puzzled me.
他的问题使我迷惑不解。
What he did puzzled me greatly.
他的作为使我深感迷惑不解。
【考点过关】
根据confuse, puzzle 意义及用法填空
1. I always confuse my left with my right.
2. Her decision was a _______ to him.
3. Don't confuse Austria with Australia.
4. I have in mind some doubts which really ________ me.
5. I've never been able to _______ her out.
6. Many business executives confuse leadership _______ action.
7. The risks can be so complex that banks hire mathematicians to _______ them out.
8. Do not confuse ever the tangential acceleration, which is along the circumference, ________ centripetal acceleration.
9. He is in a ________ about the matter.
10. She was completely _______ (confuse) by these two questions.
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. puzzle; 3. with; 4. puzzle; 5. puzzle; 6. with; 7. puzzle; 8. with; 9. puzzle; 10.confused.
●include; contain
【教材原句】
Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. (教材P40)
Has the writer included sensory details (教材P45)
【辨析】
两者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定区别。
include 表示“包括，包含，包括….在内”，强调被包括者是整体的一部分。include后面接名词，代词或动名词；被包括部分放在include 后面时，include 用-ing形式，放在前面时，include 用-ed形式
contain 表示“包含，含有，装有，容纳”，强调“内含（….成分），装有（….东西）”。
【例句呈现】
Your duties will include setting up a new computer system.
你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统.
I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
The movie won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.
你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。
Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
We all went, me included.
我们都去了，连我在内。
The committee includes representatives from industry.
这个委员会包括产业界的代表。
Local activities include walking, boating and golf.
当地的活动包括散步、划船以及打高尔夫球。
The box contains old photographs and souvenirs.
那盒子里放有旧照片和纪念品。
It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种可以防止蚊虫叮咬的强效药物。
The bottle contains two glasses of beer.
这瓶子可装两杯啤酒。
The pill contains vitamins.
这药丸中含有多种维生素。
【考点过关】
根据include, contain 的用法用其适当形式填空
1. It was found that her blood _______ poison.
2. The city has dozens of factories, _______ a power plant and a steelworks.
3. This drink doesn't ________ any alcohol.
4. Six students were playing table tennis, two girls ________.
5. Their diet ________ a lot of fat at present.
6. I ________ apples on the list of things to buy today.
7. How much water does this bottle ________
8. We all know that this book _________ ten short stories.
9. Sea water _________ plenty of salt.
10. My uncle has a lot of duties, _________ taking care of these children.
【参考答案】
1. contained; 2. including; 3. contain; 4. included; 5. contains; 6. include; 7. contain; 8. includes; 9. contains; 10. including
●conquer; overcome
【教材原句】
They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. (教材P41)
【辨析】
两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。
conquer 意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。
overcome 意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。
温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。
【例句呈现】
She overcame/conquered her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.
她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。
The two parties managed to overcome/conquer their differences on the issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
She overcame/conquered injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
She was trying to overcome/conquer her physical repugnance for him.
她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。
In the final game Sweden easily overcame/conquered France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
So far, we have managed to overcome all the obstacles that have been placed in our path.
至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。
Find a way to overcome your difficulties.
找出办法战胜困难。
I then realized how possible it was to overcome/conquer your limitations.
那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。
Western officials say the problem is minor, and should be quickly overcome.
西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。
I would overcome/conquered any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
Mont Blanc was conquered in 1786.
勃朗峰于1786年被征服。
【考点过关】
根据overcome和conquer用法，用其适当形式填空。
1. The world champion ______ yet another challenger last night.
2. The night before the test I _______ by fear and despair
3. I ________ my moral scruples at last.
4. They had to _______ formidable obstacles.
5. During 1936, Mussolini _______ Abyssinia
6. Human beings are learning to ______ all kinds of natural disasters.
7. The Spanish _______ the New World in the sixteenth century.
8. So far, we ________ the enemy.
9. When will scientists ________ the stars
10. The long-cherished dream of _________ the Huanghe River will become a reality.
11. Man will ________ nature.
12. Something gave me the strength __________ the difficulty
13. To succeed, you must learn ________ obstacles.
14. Early in the eleventh century the whole of England _______ again by the Vikings.
15. In the wake of developments in science and technology, man has become more capable of _______ nature.
16. There is always one thing ________ another.
【参考答案】
1. conquered/overcame; 2. was overcome/conquered; 3. overcame/conquered; 4. overcome; 5. conquered; 6. conquer; 7. conquered; 8. have conquered; 9. conquer; 10. conquering; 11. conquer; 12. to overcome; 13. to overcome; 14. was conquered; 15. conquering; 16. to conquer/overcome
●amount; quantity
【教材原句】
We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery. (教材P42)
【辨析】
两者都可以表示数量，但用法有区别。
amount 意思是“数量；数额；总数”，做动词是“达到，相当，等同”的意思， 常构成以下短语：
①a huge/large amount of…./large amounts of….大量，许多，后面一般接不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据amount来确定，如果amount 是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果amount是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
②amount to….达到；合计为；相当于，等于
quantity 意思是“数量； 大量”，常构成以下短语：
①a large quantity of…./large quantities of ……大量，后面既可以跟可数名词，也可以跟不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据quantity 的单复数来确定，如果quantity 是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果quantity是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
②in quantity = in large quantities 大量地
【例句呈现】
The police found a quantity of drugs at his home.
警察在他家发现了大量毒品。
It is usually economical to buy washing powder in large quantities.
大量购买洗衣粉通常要省钱些。
A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid.
在这次突击行动中起获了大量毒品。
A swoop by customs officers netted a large quantity of drugs.
海关人员突然袭击，缉获大量毒品。
The Customs have seized large quantities of smuggled heroin.
海关查获了大量走私的海洛因。
It's just very time consuming to get such a large quantity of data.
获取如此大量的数据非常费时。
Modern computers can organize large amounts of data very quickly.
现代计算机能迅速处理大量的信息资料。
There is still an immense amount of work to be done.
还有非常非常多的工作没有做。
Somewhere along the line a large amount of money went missing.
有一笔巨款在某一环节上不翼而飞。
Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。
The tank had leaked a small amount of water.
水箱渗漏出少量的水。
The total collection last week amounted to 250.
上周的募捐总额达250英镑。
【考点过关】
根据quantity和amount的用法填空。
1. A large quantity of air conditions ________ (sell) since the summer came.
2. It's a pity that large quantities of wood ______ (waste) that way all over the world.
3. There _______ (be) a large quantity of rain in this area.
4. When you are travelling, don’t display large _______ of cash to others.
5. A large quantity of crops _________ (destroy) by the hurricane last week.
6. Large quantities of milk _______ (send) to the children in poor area the day before yesterday.
7. Large amounts of money _______ (spent) on building the bridge last year.
8. They buy cotton _______ quantity.
9. There _______ (be) only a small amount of food.
10. The villagers planted different kinds of trees _______ large quantities on the hill last year.
11. My income for that week amounted ________ &112.
12. As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert _______ (cover) the land so far.
13. Keeping what belongs to another ______ (amount) to stealing.
14. With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ (wash) away each year.
15. Huge quantities of oil ________ (ship) to Japan last year.
【参考答案】
1. have been sold 2. have been wasted; 3. is; 4. amounts/quantities; 5. was destroyed; 6. were sent; 7. were spent; 8. in; 9. is; 10. in; 11. to; 12. has covered; 13. amounts; 14. are being washed; 15. were shipped
●seat；sit
【教材原句】
Dave could not find a seat in the room. (教材P46)
London sits upon the River Thames in the southeast of England. (教材P48)
【辨析】
两者都有“坐”的意思，但用法有区别。
seat除了作名词表示“座位”外，也可以做及物动词，意思是“使…坐下；使（多少）人坐得下”。主语可以是人，也可以是地点。
sit意思是“坐”，一般做不及物动词，sit around的意思是“闲坐着”
【例句呈现】
The old man seated himself reading a newspaper at a desk.
这位老人坐在桌旁看报纸。
Come in and please be seated．
请坐进来坐吧。
Our school auditorium seats one thousand pupils.
我们学校的礼堂可容纳一千个学生。
His students are seated at their desks doing their homework now.
现在，学生们坐在桌旁写作业。
She was seated at the head of the table.
她坐在桌子的上座。
The aircraft seats 200 passengers.
这架飞机能坐200名乘客。
He is sitting on the grass of our garden.
他坐正花园的草地上。
I could sit and watch the river all day long.
我可以整天坐在这里看那条河。
I don't get much exercise sitting in the office all day.
我整天坐在办公室很少运动。
He sat taking notes of everything that was said.
他坐在那儿记下了所说的每一件事。
Six people, and more at a pinch, could be seated comfortably at the table.
这张桌子可以很舒服地坐6个人，而且必要时多坐几个也不会挤。
He was comfortably seated in a soft reclining chair.
他舒舒服服地坐在柔软的躺椅上。
They were seated at a table outside a pub in a pleasant piazza close by St Paul's
在圣保罗教堂旁一个怡人的广场上，他们坐在一家酒馆外的桌边。
【考点过关】
根据seat和sit的用法填空
1. Our _______ (supply) were running out.
2. Teachers provide a model ______ children to imitate.
3. The charity aims ________ (provide) assistance to people in need.
4. The cars will _______ (supply) to people all over the country.
5. Cows supply us _______ milk.
6. In Britain milk is supplied ______ each house in bottles.
7. We _______ (offer, provide) customers a free home delivery service.
8. The statistics offer further support _______ our theory.
9. We _______ (offer , supply, provide) a personal service to all our customers.
10. His company offers a flexible packaging service _______ the food industry.
【参考答案】
1. to sit; 2. seat; 3. sitting; 4. seats; 5. seated; 6. to sit; 7. seated; 8. seated; 9. sitting; 10. was seated; 11. was seated; 12. seated; 13. Seated
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