人教版（2019）必修第二册 Unit4 History and traditions单元考点突破学案（有答案）

名师原创：Unit4 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. puzzle n. 难题；谜；vt. 使迷惑
【原句再现】
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. （教材 P40）
【词块积累】
a puzzling question 令人疑惑的问题
the puzzle of how life began 生命起源之谜
be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事大惑不解
puzzle one’s brains about/over sth. 为某事大伤脑筋
【精品例句】
I’m puzzled how to act. 我不知道如何是好
Something in his voice puzzled me.他话音了有些东西使我迷惑不解
I am puzzled about the situation.我对这形势迷惑不解
I am puzzled and upset.我感到迷惑而不安
He asked me a puzzling question. 他问了我一个奇怪的问题
Why Mona Lisa is smiling is still a puzzle. 蒙娜丽莎为什么微笑仍是个谜
It puzzled scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.
这些生物是如何在这样艰难的条件下存活的，这使科学家很疑惑
She looked puzzled so I repeated the question.
她看上去很迷惑，所以我把问题有重复了一遍
【高考链接】
The ______ (puzzle) look in her eyes suggested that she was very puzzled. (湖南新课改卷) (puzzled)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We were all puzzled by the ________ (puzzle) question. (puzzling)
2. join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
【原句再现】
In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
join in…= take part in … = participate in …参加；加入
join sb. in (doing) sth. 加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事
join the club/army/party加入俱乐部/参军/入党
join up (with sb.) (与某人)联合，会合
【精品例句】
The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge.
岛上有座桥与大陆相连
How can we join this island and that one
我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？
Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet.
因特网把每个个体和团体都连接起来
【高考链接】
We plan to join ________ with the other climbers on the other side of the mountain. (湖北卷) (up)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Everybody has to join ______ the training. (in)
We joined point A _____ point B in a straight line. (to)
3. break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
【原句再现】
Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK... (教材P40)
【词块积累】
break down　损坏；分解；(汽车) 抛锚；（机械类）出现故障
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break out (战争、火灾、疾病等) 突然发生，爆发
break through 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
【精品例句】
John broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance.
约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，决定再也不参加任何舞会了
It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.
他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的
The prisoner broke away from the guards.
犯人挣脱了看守
The fire broke out during the day，and therefore almost no one was injured.
火灾是在白天发生的，所以几乎没人受伤
【高考链接】
The computers all broke _____ yesterday afternoon. (湖南卷) (down)
We had to break _____ the house as we had lost the key. (陕西卷) (into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relations are breaking ____．(up)
The Union was consisted of several countries，one of which broke away ______ it later because of conflicts. (from)
4. belong to… 属于….
【原句再现】
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
belong in　适于；适宜(放在某处)
belongings n. 财产；所有物；亲戚
温馨提示：belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belonging to”。
【精品例句】
Who does this watch belong to
这块表是谁的？
China is a developing country belonging to the third world.
中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界
I used to belong to a youth club.
我过去是一个青年俱乐部的成员
This bag belongs to me. 这个袋子是我的
【高考链接】
However，the man，__________ whom the bike belonged，decided not to keep it. (山东卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She packed her few _____ (belong)in a bag and left. (belongings)
5. as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
【原句再现】
They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defense．(教材P40)
【词块积累】
※ as well as用作连词，连接两个相同成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词等，通常不位于句首。此时as well as强调的重点在前面，意为“不但……而且……；既……又……；除了……之外，还有……”。
※ as well as作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动词 ing形式。
※ as well也，还，又 (常放于句末)。
※ may/might as well表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨……，我们还是……吧”。
【精品例句】
The teacher as well as his students likes football.
这个老师，跟他的学生一样，也喜欢足球
As well as eating five courses of meals，they drank seven bottles of wine.
除了五道菜外，他们还喝了七瓶白酒
His bookshop sells books as well as newspapers.
他的书店既卖报也卖书
【高考链接】
His parents as well as him_________ (think)that the house is not worth buying. (陕西卷)
(think)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
As well as ______ (write) stories, I love reading and listening to music. (writing)
6. defense n．防御；保卫
【原句再现】
They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defense．(教材P40)
【词块积累】
in defense (of ...)　为了保卫(……)
defend vt. 保护；保卫；为……辩护
defend...from/against...保卫……以免受……
【精品例句】
In defense of our nation，many soldiers lost their lives.
为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命
Most countries have armies for their defense.
大多数国家都有用于防御的军队
He mentioned the name of Martin Luther King in defense of his actions.
他搬出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解
【高考链接】
All our officers are trained to defend themselves _________ knife attacks. （陕西卷） (against/from)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We must see to it that there is no gap in our _______ (defend). (defense)
What talking points can be raised _______ defense of this argument (in)
7. surround vt. 围绕；包围
【原句再现】
Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
be surrounded by...　被……包围、环绕
surround oneself with sb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起
surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
surroundings n. 环境
【精品例句】
Jill was sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
吉尔坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子
If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy life，it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with proper emotional support.
如果你真想过上健康生活，和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是很重要的
To some people，happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友们包围着
He likes to surround himself with humorous people.
他喜欢结交幽默的人们
【高考链接】
When I came to the airport，I saw that the place ____________ (surround) by police.
(江西课改卷) (was surrounded)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Steve arrived and sat in the front row，_______ (surround)by his family. (surrounded)
Standing on the top，we admired the _____ (surround) scenes. (surrounding)
She was faced with a new job in unfamiliar ______ (surrounding). (surroundings)
8. evidence n．证据；证明
【原句再现】
Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
There is some/no evidence that... (没)有证据证明……
in evidence 显眼；显而易见
evident adj. 明显的；明白的
It's evident that...很明显……
evidently adv. 显然；明显地；清楚地
【精品例句】
There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.
有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处
The first signs of spring are in evidence.
春天的最初迹象已显而易见
At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.
目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据
It is evident that education of the young is vital to the future of a country.
很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的
His footprints were clearly evident in the heavy dust，which is the evidence that he had come here before.
他的脚印在尘土中清晰可见，这就是他先前来过这里的证据
【高考链接】
A new study has found no _______ (evident) that sunscreen actually increases the risk of skin cancer. (江苏卷) (evidence)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He ______ (evident) hated math at school，so it's amazing he became an accountant! (evidently)
It must be ______ (evidence) to all of you that he has made a mistake. (evident)
9. keep one's eyes open (for) 留心；留意
【原句再现】
If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. (教材P41)
【词块积累】
keep an eye on　照看，照管；留心注意
look sb. in the eye(s) = look into one’s eyes. 直视别人
have an eye for 对……有判断力/鉴赏力
catch sb.’s eye 吸引某人的注意
【精品例句】
Keep your eyes open for a boy in a red cap and sweater.
你要留心注意一个戴红帽子，身穿红毛衣的小男孩
Just keep your eyes open and your mouth shut.
请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴
The police asked the residents to keep their eyes open for anything unusual.
警方要求居民留意一切不同寻常的情况
【高考链接】
We've asked the neighbors to keep an eye _______ the house for us while we are away. (江苏卷) (on/upon)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A red pencil mark on the fifth page caught his _______. (eye).
A good artist must have an eye __________ color. (for)
10. amount n. 数量；数额；总数；vi. amount达到 (某数量); 合计； 相当于; 等于; 意味着
【原句再现】
We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery. (教材P42)
【词块积累】
amount to…达到…；合计；相当于…
温馨提示：amounts of / a large (huge / small) amount of…常与不可数名词连用，作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数与 amount的数保持一致
【精品例句】
When you are travelling, don’t display large amounts of cash to others.
当你旅行时，不要对别人显露大量的现金
A little bit of kindness will be rewarded with a huge amount of benefits.
滴水之恩当涌泉相报
Large amounts of money were spent on building the bridge.
大量的资金用在了这座桥的建造上
There's only a small amount of food. 只有一点儿食物
My income for that week amounted to 112. 那个星期我的收入达到了112英镑
Keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing. 占有别人的东西就相当于偷窃
【高考链接】
Large amounts of water _______ (waste) . (江西课改卷) (are wasted)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A great amount of fine paper ______ (throw) away in this company. (was thrown)
11. approach vt. & vi.(距离上) 靠近; (时间上) 临近; (数量上) 接近; 与...打交道; 与..接洽; 处理; n.靠近; 接近; 通道;入口; (处理-的)方法;(达到--的)途径
【原句再现】
It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around. (教材P42).
【词块积累】
the approach of autumn秋天的来临
a approach to a problem 解决问题的方法
【精品例句】
As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.
我走近那幢房子时，注意到楼上有灯光
The population of our province is now approaching 74 million.
我省人口现已接近七千四百万
Our approach frightened the birds. 我们的接近吓着了那些鸟。
All approaches to the town were blocked. 所有去城里的路都被堵住了
Chinese medicine has amazed many people around the world with its different approach to health.中医以其不同寻常的治疗方法使全世界的许多人感到吃惊
【高考链接】
At the meeting they discussed three different ____ to the study of mathematics. ( 陕西卷)
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The job market has changed and our approach to work must change as well. ( finding)
Three approaches _____ the problem has been found. (to)
12. position n.位置; 方位; 位置; 姿势; (物体所指的)方向; 地位; 身份; 职位;职务; 名次; 处境; 状况; 观点; 态度; 立场; vt. 放置; 安放
【原句再现】
They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill. (教材P42)
【词块积累】
a man of position有身份的人
in position 就位
hold/take an important position 担任要职
【精品例句】
Can you show me the position of the city on the map
你能在地图上给我指出那个城市的位置吗
T he orchestra were all in position, waiting for the conductor.
管弦乐队队员都已各就各位，等待着指挥
Lie in a comfortable position. 以一种舒适的姿势躺下
Keep the box in an upright position. 把盒子竖着放
The social position of each character influences the way they behave to each other.
每个人物的社会地位影响他们对待彼此的方式
Bruce takes / holds the position of sales manager in a large company.
布鲁斯在一家大公司担任销售经理的职务
Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.
体育场的两端安装了大型电视屏幕
I positioned myself where I could see the door. 我站在可以看见门的地方
【高考链接】
From their ___________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. (陕西) (A)
A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
他正在考虑申请主编的职位
(He is thinking of applying for the position of Chief Editor.)
我希望你能重新考虑你的立场
(I hope you'll reconsider your position.)
●句型点拨
1. everywhere 除了作副词外，还可以作连词，引导地点状语从句
【原句再现】
Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. (教材P40)
句式分析：句中everywhere you go in the UK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于wherever you go in the UK.
【句式拓展】
引导地点状语从句的连词有：
※ where (在……地方)
※ wherever (无论哪里，在任何地方)
※ everywhere (每一……地方，到处)
※ anywhere (任何地方)。
【精品例句】
Everywhere they looked，nearly everything was destroyed.他们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了
Everywhere he goes，he will not forget the terrible experience.
无论走到哪儿，他永远也忘不了那次可怕的经历
Everywhere I go，I find the same thing.
无论去哪儿，我都发现同样的事情
【高考链接】
_______ the film star goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her. (山东卷) (Wherever/No matter where)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
你可以去任何你想去的地方
(You can go anywhere you like)
有志者，事竟成
(Where there is a will，there is a way.)
2. the way作先行词后接定语从句的用法
【原句再现】
They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses．(教材P40/41)
句式分析：句中the way 后为省略了关系词that 或in which的定语从句
【知识拓展】
※ the way 后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝in this way)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用 that，在较正式的文体里才用 in which 来引导。
※ the way 后不能用 how 引导定语从句，但也可以不用the way，而直接用 how 引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。
【精品例句】
Do it the way (that/in which) you were taught.
要按照教你的那样做
I was impressed by the way in which she did it.
她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象
What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.
使我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式
I don't like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents.
我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式
The way(which/that) he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单
【高考链接】
I don't like the way _______ you talk to your mother and you must change that way.
(湖北卷) (that/in which/Ｘ)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The way _______ was thought of by him of doing the experiment was similar to the way that you carried it out. (which/that)
●过去分词作宾语补足语（详见语法课件）
1 / 13