人教版（2019）必修第三册 学案Unit1 Festivals and Celebrations 易混易错点辨析（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit1 易混易错点辨析
●celebrate；congratulate
【教材原句】
Festivals are celebrated all around the world. (教材P4)
People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food. (教材P4)
In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime – the Egyptian harvest seasons. (教材P4)
Miss, congratulations on becoming an adult. (教材P3)
【辨析】
两者都有“庆祝”的意思，但含义各有侧重，用法有区别。
celebrate意思是“庆祝;庆贺;主持宗教仪式(尤指圣餐); 赞美; 颂扬; 歌颂”。常用来庆祝节日，生日（诞辰），典礼, 周年，重大节点，纪念日，胜利等，其名词为celebration.
congratulate意思是“向(某人)道贺; 祝贺; (为成就或成功) 感到高兴，感到自豪，赞扬，表扬”，常用来祝贺成就，成绩，成功，进步或成长等，名词为congratulation，常构成以下词组：congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth. 在某方面祝贺某人；congratulate oneself on sth./doing sth. 为某人自己在某方面感到自豪；congratulations on sth./doing sth. 祝贺某事。
【例句呈现】
The college celebrated its silver jubilee last year.
这所学院去年举行了建院25周年庆祝活动。
They celebrated their silver wedding in May.
他们于五月份庆祝了银婚纪念日。
We went out to a restaurant to celebrate.
我们到一家饭店里庆祝了一番。
The club will celebrate its centenary next year.
俱乐部明年要庆祝成立一百周年。
How did you celebrate the millennium
你们是如何欢庆千禧年的？
The group celebrated the regime's rise to power in 1979.
这个集团庆祝该政府于1979年上台执政。
He celebrated the arrival of the New Year with a party for his friends.
他为朋友们举行了一个聚会，庆祝新年的到来。
I congratulated them all on their results.
我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。
The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear and authoritative work.
向创作出这样一部具有权威性又清晰易懂的作品的作者们祝贺。
You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.
你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
I really must congratulate the organizers for a well run and enjoyable event
活动安排得有条不紊，充满乐趣，我必须要称赞一下组织者。
We specifically wanted to congratulate certain players.
我们特别想表扬几名选手。
She could not but congratulate him.
她只能祝贺他。
He was generous enough to congratulate his successor on his decision.
他十分大度地祝贺他的继任者做出了决定。
【考点过关】
根据celebrate和congratulate的适当形式填空
1. She ________ him on the birth of his son
2. My parents ________ 30 years of marriage now.
3. Over these years, journalists ________ themselves on the role the press has played in the investigations.
4. She always ________ her birthday in style.
5. Just now, we ________ him upon his attainment to so great an age.
6. The couple _________ their golden wedding in January.
7. We ______ him on his being admitted to the Party yesterday.
8. Scottish champs should _______ victory!
9. I _______ him on having passed the examination last week.
10. He returned home each year _______ Christmas and New Year with his family.
11. Let me _______ you on your winning first place in the 100 meter dash.
12. The service was a ________ of his life.
13. “We _______ you beforehand on your success.”
14. The Vietnamese government has fixed on May 19th _____ his anniversary.
15. We _______ them on what they had achieved.
16. Her triumph was a cause for ________.
17. “_________!” he said, slapping me on the back.
【参考答案】
1. congratulated; 2. are celebrating; 3. have been congratulating; 4. celebrates; 5. congratulated; 6. celebrated; 7. congratulated; 8. celebrate; 9. congratulated; 10. to celebrate; 11. congratulate; 12. celebration; 13. congratulate; 14. to celebrate; 15. congratulated; 16. celebration; 17. Congratulations
●however…; no matter how…
【教材原句】
However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals. (教材P4)
【辨析】
两者都有“无论怎样，不管怎样” 的意思，意思基本一致，但用法稍有区别。
however…. 既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。
no matter how… 只能引导让步状语从句，此时可以和whenever互换。
温馨提示：whatever/no mater what; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; whenever/no matter when的用法与however/no matter how的用法基本相同。
【例句呈现】
However/no matter how you look at it, it's going to cost a lot.
不管你怎么看，它都要花很多钱。
She has the window open, however/no matter how cold it is outside.
不管外面多冷她都开着窗户。
However go there is a matter.
无论如何去那里都是个问题。
Whenever/no matter when you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
无论何时你搬到一个新的地方, 你都应该找到火警报警站和离你房间最近的两个出口。
Whenever they go abroad depends on the passports.
不管他们什么时候出国，都要取决于签证。
He hired himself out to whoever needed his services.
他以前从事临时服务业。
Come out of there, whoever/no matter how you are.
不管你是谁，从那里出来吧。
A media circus surrounded the royal couple wherever/no matter where they went.
无论王室夫妇走到何处，他们的身后都会跟着一大群媒体记者。
Wherever he goes is unimportant.
不管他去哪里都不重要。
Whatever/no matter what system you choose, it must be run in properly.
不管你选择什么样的体系，都必须经过适当的磨合。
The United States will do whatever it can to help Greece
美国将竭尽所能帮助希腊。
The situation is an awkward one, whichever/no matter which way you look at it.
无论从哪一方面看，这个局面都很尴尬。
Whichever/no matter which they choose, we must accept their decision.
无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。
Just be sure to be aware of the safety regulations in whichever country you happen to be buying your eggs in.
你只需要留意你要买鸡蛋的那个国家的食品安全规定就行。
【考点过关】
用whenever/no matter when; whatever/no mater what; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; however/no matter how填空
1. ________ you come here, please call me first.
2. I don't care _______ they will come from.
3. _______ he has put these books is unimportant.
4. ________ a problem arrives, do three things – face it, fight it and finish it.
5. _______ you start, it is important that you do not stop after starting.
6. _______ happens, I'll always be there for you.
7. _______ goes there, we’ll agree.
8. ______ they are, they will be helpful.
9. _______ you do, try your best.
10. We'll try our best to do _______ is right.
11. _______ is worth doing is worth doing well.
12. ________ wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I'm busy.
13. _______ does best will get the prize.
14. _______ they select, we will disagree.
【参考答案】
1. No matter when/Whenever; 2. wherever; 3. Wherever; 4. Whenever/No matter when; 5. No matter when/how/Whenever/However; 6. No matter what/Whatever; 7. Whoever/No matter who; 8. Wherever/No matter where; 9. Whatever/No matter what; 10. whatever; 11. Whatever; 12. Whoever/ No matter who; 13. Whoever; 14. No matter which/Whichever
●such as; for example
【教材原句】
They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. (教材P4)
For example(= for instance), some Chinese cities no longer allow firecrackers during the Spring Festival, as they can increase air pollution. (教材P5)
【辨析】
两者都可用于表示举例事物或情况，有时可互换，有一定区别。
such as 意思是“例如; 像; 象…这样; 诸如…之类”, 相当于like, 可以用来列举一个事物或情况，这时可以和for example换用，但更多情况下用于列举两个或两个以上的事物或情况，而且不能放在句首和句尾，such as后也不跟逗号，有时such 和as可以分开。
for example意思是“例如，比如”，相当于for instance, 一般列举一个事物或情况，for和example不能分开，for example后常接逗号，也可不用逗号；for example或for instance可以放句首或句尾。
【例句呈现】
Organizations such as schools and clubs bind a community together.
诸如学校、俱乐部等机构使社区成为一个整体。
The rate is determined by intrinsic qualities such as the land's slope.
速度由诸如地面坡度这样的内在因素决定。
Personal characteristics, such as age and sex are taken into account.
个人的特征，如年龄和性别等，都要考虑进去。
Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.
有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。
A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood
公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。
She was involved in many New Age activities such as yoga and healing.
她参加了很多“新时代”活动，如瑜伽和康复法。
You have to type in commands, such as 'help' and 'print'
你必须输入命令，例如“帮助”或“打印”。
The report is incomplete; it does not include sales in France, for example.
这份报告不完整，例如在法国的销售情况就没包括进去。
Have they, for example, demonstrated a commitment to democracy
例如，他们是否已表现出会致力于民主？
Let us suppose, for example, that you are married with two children.
比方说，我们假设你成家了，还有两个孩子。
Many factors are important, such as class, gender, age and ethnicity.
许多因素都很重要，如阶级、性别、年龄及民族。
It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects, for example Physics.
将计算机科学与其他学科，如物理学，结合起来是可能的。
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and in Italian.
许多语言，譬如法语和意大利语，都有相似的词。
There's confusion and resentment, and it's almost never expressed out in the open. Take this office, for example.
有人迷惘，有人憎恨，可是几乎谁也没有公开表达过。就拿这个办公室的人来说吧。
【考点过关】
根据donate, contribute 的用法及适当形式填空
1. After talking about the job in general, we got down to the specifics, ________ the salary.
2. Carmakers use robots to do unpleasant jobs, ________ painting cars in hot conditions.
3. There is a real risk of injury in sports ________ climbing.
4. There are many big cities in Europe, ________, London, Paris and Rome.
5. ________, we are to have less clothes, coal and food even than we have had and less petrol than we expected.
6. I know many women who have a career and a family Alison ________.
7. Great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison, ________.
8. Many young people are taking radio courses in English. There is the boy next door, ________.
9. Some sports, _______ motor racing, can be dangerous.
10. My wife likes social activities, ______ tennis and golf.
11. Avoid unhealthy foods ______ hamburger and chips.
12. The disease attacks such animals _______ cats and dogs.
13. Each situation is different. ______, a man with a rich wife doesn't have to work.
14. You make too many mistakes—lots of spelling mistakes, ______.
15. One of the side effects may be to change the geographical distribution of parasitic diseases _______ malaria.
【参考答案】
1. such as / for example 2. such as / for example 3. such as / like 4. for example 5. For example 6. for example 7. for example 8. for example; 9. such as/for example; 10. such as/like; 11. such as/like; 12. as; 13. For example; 14. for example; 15. such as/for example
●custom; habit
【教材原句】
One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. (教材P4)
Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. (教材P4)
【辨析】
两者都可以表示“（个人）习惯，习性，惯常行为”，这时两者可以互换（这时habit更常用），但其它含义上还有一定区别。
custom意思是“风俗;习俗;(个人的)习惯，习性，惯常行为; (顾客对商店的) 惠顾，光顾”。温馨提示：customs 表示“海关”。
habit意思是“习惯; 惯常行为; 习性; (吸毒、喝酒、抽烟的) 瘾”
温馨提示：当谈到“(吸毒、喝酒、抽烟的) 瘾”等不良习惯时，一般用habit.
【例句呈现】
Some of us have habits few people know about and we keep it this way
我们中的一些人有些不为人知的习惯，我们也不想改变这一状况。
The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits.
音乐学习中的训练可以帮助孩子们培养好的工作习惯。
Try to get into the habit of saving your work regularly
要努力养成经常将工作内容存盘的习惯。
Children can develop bad postural habits from quite an early age.
儿童从很小就可能养成不良姿势的习惯。
I had got in the habit of going around with bare feet
我已经习惯光脚。
They were in the habit of giving two or three dinner parties a month
他们每月举办两三次宴会，都成习惯了。
You can phone me at work as long as you don't make a habit of it.
你可以上班时给我打电话，只要别一来二去打上瘾了就成。
This custom is found in people of all races throughout the world.
这一习俗在全世界各种族中都有。
The custom dates back hundreds of years.
这一习俗可以追溯到几百年前。
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。
Customs officials turned the man over to the police.
海关官员把那个男子移交给警方看管。
Social customs provide a vital link between generations.
社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。
A swoop by customs officers netted a large quantity of drugs.
海关人员突然袭击，缉获大量毒品。
This particular custom has its origins in Wales.
这一特殊风俗起源于威尔士。
【考点过关】
1. If you continue to smoke, keep trying to break the ______.
2. It was her _______ to rise early.
3. Research indicates that eating ______ are changing fast.
4. The _______ officers searched through our bags.
5. He turned to crime to support his drug _______.
6. You will be able to take ten dozen bottles free of duty through _____.
7. Her most annoying ______ was eating with her mouth open.
8. The program was about ______ in different parts of the country.
9. I'm trying to break the _______ of staying up too late.
10. It's a local ______.
11. I've got into the _______ of turning on the TV as soon as I get home.
12. Some strange _______ have survived from earlier times.
13. She's kicked her drug _______ and learned that her life has value.
14. The _______ dates back hundreds of years.
15. I only do it out of _______.
16. The new supermarket would like to have your _______ custom.
【参考答案】
1. habit; 2. custom/habit；3. habits/customs; 4. customs; 5. habit; 6. customs; 7. habit; 8. customs; 9. habit/custom; 10. custom; 11. habit/custom; 12. customs; 13. habit; 14. custom; 15. habit/custom
●give up; give in
【教材原句】
Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. (教材P4)
(教材P4)
【辨析】
两者在意义和用法上都有区别。
give up 意思是“放弃（希望）；不再做（某事）”，作及物动词短语用，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
give in意思是“屈服，让步，投降”，此时它作不及物动词短语用，后不能跟宾语，表示“向某人屈服”时，则用“give in to sb. ”；give in做及物动词短语时表示“上交”，如果宾语是代词，则只能放在in之前，如“give it in”；宾语是名词时，放在in前后皆可。
【例句呈现】
I am managing, but I could not possibly give up work
我正在努力应付，但我不可能放弃工作。
Don't just immediately give up but think about ways round a problem
不要马上放弃，应该想想解决问题的办法。
I would sooner give up sleep than miss my evening class
我宁可不睡觉，也不愿错过晚上的课。
I've been trying to give up smoking for getting on for two years now
到现在，我设法戒烟已快两年了。
He urged them not to give up on peace efforts
他力劝他们不要放弃对和平的努力。
In no circumstances will I give in.
无论如何我都不会屈服的。
I think we should just give in gracefully.
我认为我们应该大大方方地认输。
All right, I give in. What did you do with the ship
行啦，我认输。你如何处理的那艘船？
Officials say they won't give in to the workers' demands.
官员们表示他们不会向工人的要求让步。
My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight
家里人坚持认为我不应让步，而应该留下来继续抗争。
【考点过关】
根据give up和give in的用法填空
1. If you always ________ to others you will end up feeling like a doormat.
2. He had a bad accident two years ago and had to give up ______ (farm).
3. As they did, still Stephen did not complain or ________.
4. I know people who find it practically impossible to give up _______ (smoke).
5. He will soon ________ because he cannot win the game.
6. On the one hand they'd love to have kids, but on the other, they don't want to _______ their freedom.
7. One shouldn't _______ while he or she stands and sees.
8. She will not ________ her children without a struggle.
9. He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to _______ work.
10. We cannot _______ to those who would divide us.
【参考答案】
1. give in; 2. farming; 3. give in; 4. smoking; 5. give in; 6. give up; 7. give in; 8. give up; 9. give up; 10. give in
●for the first time; the first time
【教材原句】
I experienced the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regiou for the first time this year. (教材P8)
【辨析】
for the first time 意思是“第一次”，是介词短语，做状语，不能引导从句。
the first time (that)…. 意思是“当第一次….的时候”，是从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
温馨提示：
① 以上结构中的first 可根据情况换成不同的序数词。
② any time, each time, every time, the first time, (the) last time, next time等也可以作连词，引导时间状语从句。
【例句呈现】
For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多少年来第一次，她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
In the distance we spied the Pacific for the first time.
在远处，我们突然第一次看到了太平洋。
I'll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。
He was married for the second time, this time to a Belgian
他第二次结婚，这一次是和一个比利时人。
Long enough to see them switch for the second time.
已经看着他们换第二次班了
The cock has crowed for the third time.
鸡唱三遍。
Michael is alive and he’s got himself locked up for the third time.
新剧中，迈克还活着，而且第三次身陷狱中。
I'm warning you for the last time ─ stop talking!
我最后一次警告你——闭嘴！
You have annoyed me for the last time.
这将是你最后一次惹恼我
You can come up and see me any time (that) you like.
你什么时候想来看我就来好了。
Any time you come to London do look me up.
你无论什么时候到伦敦来，一定要来看我。
Any time you want a babysitter, dear, you only have to ask.
亲爱的，你什么时候需要人帮忙照看孩子，只要开口说一声就行。
The colors gently fade each time you wash the shirt.
衬衣每洗一次都会褪点色。
They complimented me on the way I looked each time they saw me.
每次见到我，他们都称赞我的外貌。
Each time I returned I was struck by the uniqueness of Australia and its people.
每次返回，我都会惊讶于澳大利亚及其国民的与众不同。
You don’t have to go running upstairs every time she rings.
用不着她一来电话你就往楼上跑。
The child is afraid of dogs and cries every time one comes close by.
那孩子怕狗，每当有狗靠近他就哭。
Every time she travels on the bus it’s delayed by at least three hours.
每次她乘公车出行都至少耽搁3个小时。
The first time I came here, I had the best night’s sleep for months.
我第一次来到这里就睡了数月来头一个晚上的好觉。
The company struck out the first time it tried to manufacture personal computers. 该公司初次尝试生产个人电脑时就失败了。
Last time I took my pulse, it was a bit fast.
我上次量脉搏的时候有点快。
The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.
我们上次搬家几乎没什么物品被破损。
Do look me up the next time you’re in London.
你下次到伦敦，务必来找我。
Next time you go shopping, throw in a few extra fruit and vegetables.
下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。
He didn't confide anything to you the last time he saw you
他最后一次见到你时，没有向你吐露任何事吗？
I knew that the next time I saw my niece she would be walking and talking.
我知道下一次看到侄女时，她就会走路会说话了。
The first time I saw Todd, I didn't notice him at all.
我第一次见到托德时， 根本没注意他 。
He fell in love with Mary the first time he saw her.
他对玛丽一见钟情.
The first time I saw him, he was reading a book.
我第一次见到他时，他正在读书。
The last time I saw him he was in New York.
我最后一次看见他时,他在纽约。
Next time you come, you will see the scientist.
你下次来时就会见到那位科学家。
Every time I see her, she wears different clothes.
我每次见到她，看见她总是穿不同的衣服。
Each time the tourist traveled by boat he got seasick.
这位旅客每次坐船行时都晕船。
【考点过关】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
1. Come and see us _______ that you're in town.
A. any time B. until C so that D. even if
2. ______ I ask you to do something. you always say you're too busy.
A. Now that B. even though C. Each time D. In case
3. He felt nervous _______ she spoke to him.
A. so that B. each time C in case D. now that
4. You must present your library ticket _______ you borrow books.
A. every time B. in case .C. even if D. if only
5. They spoil their child by buying him a toy they go shopping.
A. even if B. now that C. so that . D. every time
6. _______ I've found myself in a social situation with my boss, we seem to run out of conversation after two minutes!
A. Ever since B. Soon after C. Every time D. In case
7. She was so attractive and he fell in love with her ________ that he met her.
A as long as B. now that C. the first time D in order that
8. _______ we made a claim on our insurance they paid up really quickly.
A. Last time B. In case C. Even if D. Now that
9. _______ I went to the pub with you, I ended up seriously out of pocket!
B. Even although C. The last time D. Ever since A. In order that
10. Why don't you drop in for a drink _______ you're over this way
A. next time B. in case C. ever since D. so that
11. _______ you decide to take some action, kindly inform me.
A. Now that B. In case C. Next time D. If only
12. He goes through the whole performance of checking the oil and water ______ he drives the car.
A. so that B. every time C. even though D. Since then
【参考答案】
1-5 ACBAD 6-10 CCACA 11-12 CB
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