人教版（2019）必修第三册 Unit2 Morals and Virtues单元考点突破学案（含答案）

名师原创：Unit2 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. marriage n. 结婚；婚姻
【原句再现】
At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine. (教材P16)
【词块积累】
marry vt. 娶，嫁；和…结婚；vi. 结婚，结合
married adj. 已婚的，有配偶的
a happy marriage 幸福的婚姻
A marry B. A 与B结婚 (注: 不能说 A marry with B)
marry A to B. 把A 嫁给B
be married to sb.（表状态， 可以与一段时间状语连用） 与…结婚
get married to sb. （表动作， 不能与一段时间状语连用）与…结婚
【精品例句】
Their marriage lasted 31 years. 他们的婚姻持续了31年
Please state whether you are single, married, or divorced in the form.
请在表格中注明您是单身，已婚还是离异
How do you like married life 你认为婚后的生活怎样？
They have been married to each other for 20 years. 他们已婚20年了
On returning to the palace, the king marries the woman.
一回到皇宫，国王就和这位女子结婚了
My uncle didn’t marry until he was forty-five. 我叔父直到45岁才结婚
【高考链接】
My father is trying to marry me _______ his account’s daughter. ( 陕西卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Jane got _____ (marry) to her husband immediately after graduation. (married)
2. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
【原句再现】
These words of Dr. Lin Qiao zhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices. (教材P16)
【词块积累】
carry sb. back to sth. 使回想起；使回忆
carry off 赢得；获得；成功的对付
carry on 继续
carry out 实施；执行；落实
carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现
【精品例句】
His determination carried him through the hard time.
他靠坚强的信心渡过了这段艰难的岁月
It was your help that carried them through the hardest time in the foreign country.
就是你的帮助使她们渡过了在国外艰难的日子
It was the love to medicine that carried her through a life of hard choices.
就是对医学的热爱支撑她渡过充满艰难抉择的一生
【高考链接】
It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it ．(江苏卷) (through)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They are carrying ____ the plan now. (out)
Please carry ____ with your work while I'm away. (on)
He carried most of the prizes. (off)
3. majority 大部分；大多数
【原句再现】
At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine. (教材P16)
【词块积累】
a/the majority of...　大多数……
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
minority n. 少数
be in the minority 占少数
major n．& v. 主修；专业
major in 主修……；以……为专业
悄悄告诉你：
the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
the majority of＋复数名词＋复数谓语动词
the majority of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
【精品例句】
We live in a country where women are in the majority.
在我们居住的国家里，妇女占大多数
The majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数人认为吸烟有害健康
The majority was / were in favor of the proposal. 大多数人赞成这个提议
Who says the majority is always able to make the minority agree with their idea
谁说多数人总能使少数人同意他们的想法
Boys are very much in the minority at the dancing class.
舞蹈班里男生占极少数
【高考链接】
One-third of the country _____ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ (be) black people. (湖南课改卷) (is, are)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The_______ (major) of students find it quite hard to learn German. (majority)
4. respond vt .回答；回复vi. 做出反应；回应
【原句再现】
She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life!” (教材P16)
【词块积累】
response n. 回答，反应
a quick response 迅速的答复
make no response to the question 没有对提问作答
bring/produce response 引起/产生反响
in response to…作为对….回答/反应
respond to a letter 回信
respond with a smile 报以微信
【精品例句】
When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that he remained optimistic. 当被问到公司的未来是时，经理回答说他依然乐观
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
懂得基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况做出迅速反应
The government acted in response to economic pressure.
政府为应对经济压力采取了行动
【高考链接】
The officials should respond _____ the doubt of all the villagers. (江西课改卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We made a quick response ______ these concerns. (to)
5. reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用
【原句再现】
Dr. Lin，however，rejected the offer. (教材P16)
【词块积累】
reject sth.　拒绝接受某事；不予考虑某事
rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决
【精品例句】
The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑
Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its potential.
17家出版社回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值
I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to.
所有我申请的大学都没有录取我
【高考链接】
He said that he (reject) by the university he had been dreaming of. (陕西卷)
(had been rejected)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The new manager's proposal met with firm (reject)．(rejection)
6. appoint vt. 任命；委派
【原句再现】
In 1941, Dr. Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB GYN department of the PUMC Hospital，... (教材P16)
【词块积累】
appoint sb. to a post　派某人任某职
appoint sb. as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
【精品例句】
Do they appoint him as the secretary
他们任命他为秘书了吗？
They have appointed a new headteacher at my son's school.
我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长
I have an appointment with Dr. Smith，but I need to change it.
我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改约
They appointed him as captain of the English team.
他们任命他为英格兰队队长
【高考链接】
They appoint Tom (take) charge of all the activities on that day. （陕西卷）
(to take)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He (appoint) general manager for his rich experience. (was appointed)
If you want to see the doctor，you'd better have an _ (appoint) with him in advance. (appointment)
7. elect vt. 选举；推选
【原句再现】
In 1954，she was elected to the first National People's Congress and，... (教材P17)
【词块积累】
elect to do sth.　选择做某事
elect sb. to... 选举某人进入……
elect sb.(as)．…. 选举某人担任……
elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
election n. 选举
【精品例句】
He is elected to be the leadership of the party.
他被推举为党的领导人
You can elect to stay here till 5 o'clock or leave at once.
你可以选择在这里待到5点或者马上离开
Purchasers can elect to pay in monthly installment.
购买者可选择逐月分期付款
【高考链接】
If I am lucky (elect)，I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club. (江西课改卷) （to be elected）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He was elected ___ our monitor at the beginning of the term. (as)
The low level of interest in the (elect) has been reflected in the unwillingness of the citizens to vote. (election)
8. tend vt. 照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于
【原句再现】
She was more interested in tending patients，... (教材P17)
【词块积累】
tend to do...　往往会/易于做某事……
tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾/护理/看护……
tendency n. 倾向
There is a tendency(for sb.)to do sth.＝(sb.) have/has a tendency towards sth./to do sth.
倾向于(做)……
悄悄告诉你：表示“照料，护理”词组还有：look after/take care of/keep an eye on/attend(to)
【精品例句】
The old tend to be cheated easily.
老年人更容易被欺骗
She tended (to) her husband carefully during his illness.
丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他
It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up
这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升
【高考链接】
He _ (tend) my dog while I was away. (山东卷) (tended)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The boy __ (tend) to like playing football. (tends)
9. scare adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌和恐惧的
【原句再现】
She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. (教材P17)
【词块积累】
scary adj. 可怕的，吓人的
scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的
scare sb./sth. away/off　把……吓跑
scare sb. to death 把……吓得要死
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare sb. out of one's mind/skin 把某人吓得魂不附体
be scared of sth./doing sth.害怕….
be scared to do sth. 不敢做…
be scared + that 从句 怕某事
【精品例句】
Almost every child is scared of something, from monsters to dongs.
几乎每个孩子都害怕些什么，从怪物到狗
She is scared of going out of alone. 她害怕一个人出去
The boys were scared to cross the street. 那些男孩不敢过马路
She didn’t like riding because she was scared that the horse might kick her.
她不喜欢骑马，因为她怕马会踢她
The drought is really serious，but it can't scare us.
旱情确实很严重，但它吓不倒我们
Don't you realize what a scare you've given us all
你难道没意识到你把我们大家都吓得不轻吗？
I'm sorry，but I didn't mean to scare you.
对不起，我并不是要吓唬你们
【高考链接】
News of the robbery scared many people into fitting new locks to their doors.(山东卷) (into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The high price scared _______ many possible buyers. (away/off)
It's_______ (scare) to think how easily children can be hurt. (scary)
10. replace vt. 取代，更换；把…放回原处
【原句再现】
The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary. (教材P17)
【词块积累】
replacement n. 更换，更替；替换的人或物
replace…with/by 用…替换
replace A with/by B　用B取代A
replace sb. as... 取代某人成为……
take the place of sb.＝take sb.'s place 代替某人
in place of 代替
in place 在适当的位置，恰当的
【精品例句】
Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with home shopping but will never be replaced. 我个人认为商店购物会与家庭购物并存，但绝不会被取代
They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.
他们用昂贵的新跑车替代了钟爱的旧车
Please replace these books on the shelf. 请把书放回原处
【高考链接】
We can replace bamboo with wood. (湖北课改卷) (with)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
我们乐意为您更换这台收音机
(We’d be happy to replace the radio for you. )
杂志阅读后请放回原处
(Replace the magazines after reading.)
11. complain v．抱怨，不满，发牢骚；投诉
【原句再现】
“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees. (教材P16)
【词块积累】
【词块积累】
complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth. (向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚
complain (to sb.) that．．． (向某人)抱怨……
complaint n. 抱怨；投诉；控告
make a complaint 抱怨，投诉
【精品例句】
It's no use complaining without taking any action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的
I'm going to complain to the manager about this.
我将就此事向经理提意见
All the tourists complained about the bad service in that restaurant.
所有游客都抱怨那家餐馆劣质的服务
She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work.
Neighbors complained to the police about the dog barking.
【高考链接】
The most common _______ (complain) is about poor service. (complaint)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The manager complained ____ us about there being too many complaints from customers this month. (to)
12. assist vt. 帮助；援助
【原句再现】
Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. (教材P18)
【词块积累】
assistance n. 帮助，援助
assistant n. |助手；副手；助理；店员； adj.助理的；辅助的
an assistant manager/director助理经理/主任
a teaching/shop assistant助教/店员
medical/technical assistance医疗援助/技术支持
give /offer/provide assistance to sb.帮助某人
【精品例句】
We're looking for people w ho would be willing to assist in / with the group's work.
我们正在寻找顾意帮助该小组工作的人
With the assistance of his brother, he sold one painting.
在弟弟的帮助下，他卖掉了一幅画
Can we be of assistance in any way 我们能帮上什么忙吗
辨析：
assist, help, aid 三者都有“帮助”之意，但侧重点有所不同
assist 侧重“协助、助理 ”、受助者自己要做大部分工作。
A nurse assisted the surgeon during the operation. 一位护士在手术中协助外科医生
help指给予各方面帮助。
I will help you (to) finish the housework. 我来帮助你做完家务
aid指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人，强调帮助受助者脱离困难
She is always aiding the student with money. 她一直在资助那个学生
【高考链接】
I swam to Dad quickly and assisted him ______ (climb) onto t he boat.（重庆课改卷）
(in climbing/to climb)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She is an excellent ______ (assist) manager. (assistant)
13. harm vt.& n．伤害，损害
【原句再现】
Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbors from harm (教材P20)
【词块积累】
do sb./sth. harm＝do harm to sb./sth. 伤害某人/物
There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害
harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/物有害
harmless adj. 无害的
【精品例句】
Smoking a lot of cigarettes can harm one’s health and even may kill people over a long period of time. 长期大量吸烟会危害身体健康，甚至可能导致死
According to the study，using smartphone too often does harm to your eyes.
根据研究，用智能手机太伤眼睛
He may not be able to help but there’s no harm in asking him.
他可能帮不了忙，但是问一下倒也无妨
Too much drinking will do great harm to you=Too much drinking will do you great harm.
饮酒过量对你危害甚大
Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn.
看电视过多会影响孩子的学习能力
【高考链接】
There is no harm in _______ (apologize) to her first. (江苏卷) (apologizing)
Air pollution will get worse and this will do____ (harmful) to people. (山东卷) (harm)
The polluted air will be harmful _____ people and animals around. (湖北卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
That really did us _______ (harmful) . (harm)
14. therefore adv. 因此，所以，常位于句首或句中
【原句再现】
… and therefore the public would continue to receive good heath services. (教材 P22)
【词块积累】
therefore 与so 同意，但是therefore 是副词，而so 是连词
【精品例句】
He was ill, therefore he could not come. 他当时病了，所以没能来
It rained heavily, therefore the outing was postponed. 下大雨了，所以出游延期了
The dollar has gone down against the ten, therefore Japanese goods are more expensive for Americans. 美元兑日元的比率下跌了，因此日本商品对美国人来说涨价了
I think, therefore I am. 我思，故我在
No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. 无论工作多么普通， 都在社会中起着作用，因此值得我们尊敬
【高考链接】
It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, ____, supply more jobs. (安徽卷) (C)
A. however B. anyhow C. therefore D. otherwise
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Glowing plants could reduce this distance ______ help save energy. ( therefore)
●本单元其它重要短语
16. in memory of …作为对….的纪念；纪念
After Dr Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China. (教材P18)
A film will be made in memory of those brave fire fighters.
17. trip over 被….绊倒
One woman the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. (教材P20)
One shouldn’t trip over the same stone twice.
18. in tears 流着泪；含着泪
She picked herself up and limped away in tears. (教材P20)
These students said good-bye to their teacher in tears.
19. in despair 处于绝望中；绝望地
The king was in despair. (教材 P20)
Tom put his head on the doctor’s desk in despair.
20. a great deal of… 许多；大量 （只修饰不可数名词）
After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street. (教材P 20)
Nowadays a great deal of water was wasted.
●句型点拨
1. 否定词与比较级连用表示最高级句式
【原句再现】
To a person nothing is more precious than their life... (教材P16)
句式分析：否定词＋比较级“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
【句式拓展】
类似这样的结构常见有：
※ 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
※ 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
※ 比较级＋than＋anyone else
※ 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
※ 比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词
※ can/could＋never/not＋be＋形容词/副词＋enough
※ can/could＋never/not＋be＋too＋形容词/副词
【精品例句】
Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了；我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事
Tom is taller than any other student in our class.
汤姆是我们班最高的学生
You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
过马路时，你越小心越好
Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
为史蒂文森先生工作真好——我实在找不到比他更好的老板了
As far as I'm concerned，nothing is more important than hard study.
就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了
Nothing is more valuable than time，but nothing is less valued.
没有比时间更贵重的东西，但其他东西也同样宝贵
【高考链接】
I enjoyed myself at the party last night because I had never been to a _____________ (exciting) one before. (陕西卷)（more exciting）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Tom is (intelligent) than any other student in his class. (more intelligent)
Remember，no one is (good) than you and no one is (smart) than you.
(better, smarter)
2. would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
【原句再现】
She responded, “ I'd rather stay single to study all my life! ” (教材P16)
句式分析：句中would rather(not) do sth. 意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。
【能力拓展】
would rather do sth. than do sth.
= would do sth. rather than do sth.
= prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
= prefer doing sth. to doing sth.宁愿做某事(而) 不愿做某事
would rather that+主语+did sth.表示对现在或将来虚拟的愿望
would rather that+主语+had done sth. 表示对过去情况的虚拟
悄悄告诉你：
※ 使用would rather...than...句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。
※ would rather后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。
【精品例句】
He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上
Nowadays more and more people would rather not live in big cities.
现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里
To live a low carbon life，some people would rather ride a bike than drive a car to work.
为了过低碳生活，有些人宁愿骑车而不是开车去上班
【高考链接】
My mother prefers _______ (stay) at home watching TV than go out for a walk. (湖北卷)
(to stay)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Jane would rather stay in the library than ________ (go) to see a movie. (go)
The old man prefers lying in bed to _______ (go) downstairs. (going)
She would rather you (come) tomorrow than today. (came)
I would rather you (finish) your homework yesterday. (had finished)
3. 某些动词的拟人用法
【原句再现】
The new People's Republic of China saw Dr. Li Qiaozhi playing a key role. (教材P17)
句式分析：see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
【能力拓展】
与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。
【精品例句】
National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the street. They were all very cheerful.
国庆节人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。他们都兴高采烈
The old temple has seen great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁
The last forty years have seen many great changes in many fields of our country
过去40年来见证了我国各个领域的巨大变化
【高考链接】
With economy developing at great speed，our city (witness) quite a few changes in recent years. (辽宁卷) (has witnessed)
【考点训练】
The city __ (see) a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr. King was shot to death in 1968. (saw)
The year 1949 _ (witness) the founding of the People's Republic of China. (witnessed)
●过去分词和现在分词的区别（详见语法课件）
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