人教版（2019）必修第三册 学案Unit2 Morals and Virtues 单元知识梳理（含答案）
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Unit2 单元知识梳理
一、重点单词
1. dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境
①面临左右为难的困境________________________
②处于进退两难的境地________________________
③道德困境__________________
④研讨会上这位专家的缺席使我们进退两难。
The expert’s absence from the seminar _______ _______ _______ ________ _______.
⑤她进退两难，不知该留在学校还是找份工作。
She _______ _______ ________ _______ as to whether to stay at school or get a job.
答案：① face a dilemma ② be in a dilemma ③ a moral dilemma ④ put us in a dilemma ⑤ was in a dilemma
2. major adj. 主要的n. 主修课程，专业；主修学生v. 主修→ majority n. 大部分；大多数
①大多数____________
②占多数____________
③ When the headmaster spoke out his plan，the _______（major）of the students in the class were in favour of it.
答案：① the majority of ② be in the majority ③ majority
3. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 complaint n. 抱怨，投诉
①（向某人）抱怨/投诉某事____________
② We complained ___________ the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip.
③他一直向我抱怨充满压力的生活。
He _______ always _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ ______ the stressful life.
答案：① complain (to sb.) about/of sth. ②to ③is, making a complaint to me about
4. respond vi. 回答；回复v. 做出反应；回应→ response n. 反应；回答；回复
①对……作出回应______________
②对……没作回应______________
③对……的回应_______________
④ These comments came _______ _______ _______ （作为对……的答复）specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
⑤ He made no response ________ my question，and went on with his movie.
答案：① respond to ② make no response to ③ in response to ④ in response to ⑤to
5. hire vt. 聘任；雇用；租用n. 租借；租用→fire ν.开除，解雇
①（短期）出租某物_______________
②雇用某人做某事_________________
③ Running a company is not simply a matter of _______ （hire）people-they also need to be trained.
答案：① hire sth. out ② hire sb. to do sth. ③ hiring
6. reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用n. 废品，次品→ rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决
①拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划________________
②拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议_______________
③He was quite depressed to find his suggestion_________（reject）at the meeting.
答案：① reject one's idea/suggestion/plan ② reject an argument/a decision/an offer ③ rejected
7. appointed adj. 指定的，约定的← appoint vt. 任命；委派→ appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任
①派某人任某职_____________
②任命某人（担任）……______________
③派某人做某事______________
④约定时间/地点做某事______________
⑤和某人有约会_______________
⑥预约_________________
⑦按照约定________________
答案：① appoint sb. to sth. ② appoint sb.(as)…. ③ appoint sb. to do sth. ④ appoint a time/place for sth. /to do sth. ⑤ have an appointment with sb. ⑥ make an appointment ⑦by appointment
8. retire vi. & vt. 退休；退职；退出→ retirement n. 退休；退休生活
①从……退休______________
②从……职位上退休______________
③退休教师________________
④退休年龄________________
答案：① retire from… ② retire as… ③ a retired teacher ④ retirement age
9. scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的← scare vt. 惊吓；使害怕v. 受惊吓→ scared adj. 害怕的；对…感到惊慌或恐惧的
①害怕（做）某事_____________
②恐吓某人做某事_____________
③把……吓跑_____________
④恐怖的一刻_____________
⑤恐怖片_______________
答案：① be scared of(doing) sth. /be scared to do sth. ② scare sb. into doing sth. ③scare. off/away ④ a scary moment ⑤ a scary movie
10. sharply adv. 锋利地；敏锐地；急剧地← sharp adj.（增长下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的→ sharpen（使）变锋利;（使）提高
①锋利的刀______________
②锋利的牙齿_______________
③价格急剧上涨/下跌________________
④头脑敏锐的新闻记者_________________
⑤ The price of petrol is increased _______（sharp）since last month.
⑥Ann ________（sharp）her pencil and wrote down the instructions in her notebook.
答案：① a sharp knife ② sharp teeth ③ a sharp increase/fall ④ in prices a journalist with a sharp mind ⑤ sharply ⑥ sharpened
11. energy n.精力，能源→ energetic adj. 碱精力充沛的；充满活力的→ energetically adj. 积极地；精力充沛地
①保持活力______________
②热情支持者__________________
③充满活力_________________
④把精力投入到某事中________________
⑤ The teenagers in our town are lively，enthusiastic and __________ （energy）.
答案：① keep energetic ② an energetic supporter③ be full of energy ④apply/devote/put one's energy to sth. ⑤ energetic
12. replace vt. 接替；取代；更换 → replacement n. 取代，代替
①用B代替A_______________
②被……取代_______________
③取代某人当……__________________
④ The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced _______ an once building.
⑤老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。
It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should _______ _______ _______ a modern hotel or not.
答案：① replace A with B ② be replaced by ③ replace sb. as… ④by ⑤ be replaced with
13. operator n. 操作者，经营者← operate v. 动手术；操作；经营→ operation n. 手术；企业；经营
①在运行_______________
②使……运转，启动_____________________
③投入运营____________
④给某人做手术_________________
Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the ________（operate）.
答案：① in operation② put sth. into operation ③ come into operation ④ have an operation on sb. ⑤ operation
14. whisper ⅵ. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语n. 耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传
①密谈某事___________
②对某人窃窃私语________________
③有人私下说______________
④低声地_______________
⑤常见的后接双宾语的结构______________
向某人解释……______________
向某人宣布……______________
向某人介绍……______________
向某人提议……______________
向某人报告……______________
⑥Mum whispered _______ us, “Be quiet！Your little sister’s sleeping.”
答案：① whisper about sth. ② whisper to sb. ③ It is whispered that… ④ in a whispers（=in shispers）⑤ explain sth to sb. ; announce sth. to sb.; introduce sth. to sb. ; suggest sth. to sb.; report sth to sb. ⑥ to
15. assist vt. 帮助；援助→ assistant n. 助手；助理→ assistance n. 援助，帮助；辅助设备
①协助某人（做）某事___________________
②店员__________________
③在某人的帮助下__________________
④给某人以援助_______________
⑤如果你能协助我们做这项工作，它很快就能完成。
Provided that you assist us _________ the job，it can be done quickly.
答案：① assist sb. with/in sth. ② a shop assistant ③ with the assistance of sb. ④ give/offer assistance to sb. ⑤ with/in
16. spill vt. & vi.（spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled）（使）洒出；（使）溢出
①喷涌出来____________
②倾诉……____________
③溢出_______________
④涌向街头_____________
答案：① spill out ② spill sth. out ③ spill over ④ spill into the street
17. harm n. &v. 伤害；损害→ harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的
①对……有害_______________
②无恶意，无意伤害_______________
③没有受到伤害/损害________________
④对……无害/有很大害处_________________
⑤做某事无妨/无害。_____________________
⑥不要吃太多药，吃多了弊大于利。
Don't take too much of the medicine; it _________________ if you do.
答案：①do/ cause harm to ② mean no harm/ not mean any harm ③ come to no harm ④do no/ great/much/a lot of harm to ⑤ There is no harm in doing sth. It does no harm to do sth. ⑥ does you more harm than good
二、重点短语
1. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关；完成
①实行；履行____________
②继续……_____________
③运走；使……失去自制力______________
④使某人回忆起（某事）_____________
⑤The support of her mother carried Jane Goodall _______ and she devoted herself to the study of chimps.
⑥经理们讨论了他们希望看到明年实施的计划。
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ ______ the next year.
答案：① carry out ② carry on（with/doing sth.）③ carry away ④ carry sb. back（to sth）⑤ through ⑥ carried out
2. tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
①照顾，照料______________
②有……的趋势，倾向于……_______________
③He _______ _______（往往会）get disappointed when failing the exam.
④ Mum was always busy ______ ______（照顾）my younger sister during the night and she ______ ______（往往会）have less sleep.
答案：① tend to(sb./sth.) ② tend towards… ③ tends to ④ tending to, tended to
3. first aid急救
①（对某人）实施急救____________
②帮某人的忙__________
③为了帮助___________
④在……的帮助下____________
⑤帮助某人做某事____________
⑥在某方面帮助某人__________________
答案：① do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid (to sb.) ② come to one's aid=come to the aid of sb. ③ in aid of ④ with the aid of ⑤ aid sb. in doing sth. /aid sb. to do sth. ⑥ aid sb. with sth
4. pass away去世（委婉说法）
①经过____________
②转交；传给_________________
③把…传给后人（常用于被动语态）_______________
④刚才你看到有个穿黑衣服的人经过吗？
Did you see a man in black _______ ______ just now？
答案：① pass by ② pass.on(to.) ③ pass down pass by
5. in memory of作为对……的纪念
①“in+名词+of”类短语：庆祝
赞美，歌颂______________
寻找________________
负责；掌管_______________
支持_______________
支持；赞同_______________
拥有_____________
需要_____________
代替_____________
就……而言________________
纪念__________________
② The library was built ____________（为了纪念）the scientist who had made significant contributions to society.
答案：① in celebration of; in praise of; in search of; in charge of; in support of; in favour of; in possession of; in need of; in place of in terms of; in honour of ② in memory of
6. in tears流着泪；含着泪
①突然大哭起来______________
②（眼里）充满泪水______________
③使某人流泪/沉默_____________
④把某人感动得流泪______________
⑤几乎落泪___________________
⑥忍住泪水____________________
答案：① burst into tears=burst out crying ② be filled with tears ③ reduce sb. to tears/silence ④ move sb. to tears
7. a great deal（of）大量
①学到了很多________________
②对某人了解很多_______________
③感觉好多了________________
④意义重大____________
⑤ A great deal of work _________ （do）to improve our living environment so far.
答案：① learn a great deal ② know a great deal about sb. ③ feel a great deal better ④ mean a great deal ⑤ has been done
三、重点句式
1. not only…but also…不但……而且
教材原句
①当你听的时候，你不仅要注意语句，而且要注意说话人是怎么说话的。
When you listen，you should pay attention _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ HOW the speaker is talking.
句式仿写
②不仅我而且他也认为循环利用垃圾很重要。
___________________________________ the importance of recycling garbage.
③她不仅为老人提供了食宿，而且为他买了单程票。
_________________________ the old man with accommodations, ________ she had bought a single for him.
答案：① not only to the words but also to ② Not only I but also he attaches ③ Not only had she provided，but also
2. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
教材原句
①想想如果你遭遇和那个女孩同样的情况，你会怎么做。
Think about what you _______ _______ if you _______ _______ the same situation as the girl.
句式仿写
②如果牛顿生活在现在，他会吃惊于科技领域的发现。
If Newton _______ today，he _______ _______ If you _______ _______ surprised by what has been discovered in science and technology.
答案：① would do, were ever faced with ② lived, would be
3. 否定词+比较级+than…没有……比……更加…
教材原句
①对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵……
To a person _______ ________ _______ _______ ________ their life…
句式仿写
②我认为没有什么比读书更令人愉快的了。
_____________________________________________________________________
答案：① nothing is more precious than ② I think nothing is more pleasant than reading
4. 独立主格结构
教材原句
①过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每人头上都顶着一罐水。
After a while，a group of women came along, _______ _______ a pot of water on her head.
句式仿写
②一天，我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来，船上载满了鱼。
One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, _______ _______ ________ _______ ________ .
答案：① each balancing ② our boat full of fish
10 / 10
一、重点单词
1. dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境
①面临左右为难的困境________________________
②处于进退两难的境地________________________
③道德困境__________________
④研讨会上这位专家的缺席使我们进退两难。
The expert’s absence from the seminar _______ _______ _______ ________ _______.
⑤她进退两难，不知该留在学校还是找份工作。
She _______ _______ ________ _______ as to whether to stay at school or get a job.
答案：① face a dilemma ② be in a dilemma ③ a moral dilemma ④ put us in a dilemma ⑤ was in a dilemma
2. major adj. 主要的n. 主修课程，专业；主修学生v. 主修→ majority n. 大部分；大多数
①大多数____________
②占多数____________
③ When the headmaster spoke out his plan，the _______（major）of the students in the class were in favour of it.
答案：① the majority of ② be in the majority ③ majority
3. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 complaint n. 抱怨，投诉
①（向某人）抱怨/投诉某事____________
② We complained ___________ the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip.
③他一直向我抱怨充满压力的生活。
He _______ always _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ ______ the stressful life.
答案：① complain (to sb.) about/of sth. ②to ③is, making a complaint to me about
4. respond vi. 回答；回复v. 做出反应；回应→ response n. 反应；回答；回复
①对……作出回应______________
②对……没作回应______________
③对……的回应_______________
④ These comments came _______ _______ _______ （作为对……的答复）specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
⑤ He made no response ________ my question，and went on with his movie.
答案：① respond to ② make no response to ③ in response to ④ in response to ⑤to
5. hire vt. 聘任；雇用；租用n. 租借；租用→fire ν.开除，解雇
①（短期）出租某物_______________
②雇用某人做某事_________________
③ Running a company is not simply a matter of _______ （hire）people-they also need to be trained.
答案：① hire sth. out ② hire sb. to do sth. ③ hiring
6. reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用n. 废品，次品→ rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决
①拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划________________
②拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议_______________
③He was quite depressed to find his suggestion_________（reject）at the meeting.
答案：① reject one's idea/suggestion/plan ② reject an argument/a decision/an offer ③ rejected
7. appointed adj. 指定的，约定的← appoint vt. 任命；委派→ appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任
①派某人任某职_____________
②任命某人（担任）……______________
③派某人做某事______________
④约定时间/地点做某事______________
⑤和某人有约会_______________
⑥预约_________________
⑦按照约定________________
答案：① appoint sb. to sth. ② appoint sb.(as)…. ③ appoint sb. to do sth. ④ appoint a time/place for sth. /to do sth. ⑤ have an appointment with sb. ⑥ make an appointment ⑦by appointment
8. retire vi. & vt. 退休；退职；退出→ retirement n. 退休；退休生活
①从……退休______________
②从……职位上退休______________
③退休教师________________
④退休年龄________________
答案：① retire from… ② retire as… ③ a retired teacher ④ retirement age
9. scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的← scare vt. 惊吓；使害怕v. 受惊吓→ scared adj. 害怕的；对…感到惊慌或恐惧的
①害怕（做）某事_____________
②恐吓某人做某事_____________
③把……吓跑_____________
④恐怖的一刻_____________
⑤恐怖片_______________
答案：① be scared of(doing) sth. /be scared to do sth. ② scare sb. into doing sth. ③scare. off/away ④ a scary moment ⑤ a scary movie
10. sharply adv. 锋利地；敏锐地；急剧地← sharp adj.（增长下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的→ sharpen（使）变锋利;（使）提高
①锋利的刀______________
②锋利的牙齿_______________
③价格急剧上涨/下跌________________
④头脑敏锐的新闻记者_________________
⑤ The price of petrol is increased _______（sharp）since last month.
⑥Ann ________（sharp）her pencil and wrote down the instructions in her notebook.
答案：① a sharp knife ② sharp teeth ③ a sharp increase/fall ④ in prices a journalist with a sharp mind ⑤ sharply ⑥ sharpened
11. energy n.精力，能源→ energetic adj. 碱精力充沛的；充满活力的→ energetically adj. 积极地；精力充沛地
①保持活力______________
②热情支持者__________________
③充满活力_________________
④把精力投入到某事中________________
⑤ The teenagers in our town are lively，enthusiastic and __________ （energy）.
答案：① keep energetic ② an energetic supporter③ be full of energy ④apply/devote/put one's energy to sth. ⑤ energetic
12. replace vt. 接替；取代；更换 → replacement n. 取代，代替
①用B代替A_______________
②被……取代_______________
③取代某人当……__________________
④ The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced _______ an once building.
⑤老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。
It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should _______ _______ _______ a modern hotel or not.
答案：① replace A with B ② be replaced by ③ replace sb. as… ④by ⑤ be replaced with
13. operator n. 操作者，经营者← operate v. 动手术；操作；经营→ operation n. 手术；企业；经营
①在运行_______________
②使……运转，启动_____________________
③投入运营____________
④给某人做手术_________________
Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the ________（operate）.
答案：① in operation② put sth. into operation ③ come into operation ④ have an operation on sb. ⑤ operation
14. whisper ⅵ. & vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语n. 耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传
①密谈某事___________
②对某人窃窃私语________________
③有人私下说______________
④低声地_______________
⑤常见的后接双宾语的结构______________
向某人解释……______________
向某人宣布……______________
向某人介绍……______________
向某人提议……______________
向某人报告……______________
⑥Mum whispered _______ us, “Be quiet！Your little sister’s sleeping.”
答案：① whisper about sth. ② whisper to sb. ③ It is whispered that… ④ in a whispers（=in shispers）⑤ explain sth to sb. ; announce sth. to sb.; introduce sth. to sb. ; suggest sth. to sb.; report sth to sb. ⑥ to
15. assist vt. 帮助；援助→ assistant n. 助手；助理→ assistance n. 援助，帮助；辅助设备
①协助某人（做）某事___________________
②店员__________________
③在某人的帮助下__________________
④给某人以援助_______________
⑤如果你能协助我们做这项工作，它很快就能完成。
Provided that you assist us _________ the job，it can be done quickly.
答案：① assist sb. with/in sth. ② a shop assistant ③ with the assistance of sb. ④ give/offer assistance to sb. ⑤ with/in
16. spill vt. & vi.（spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled）（使）洒出；（使）溢出
①喷涌出来____________
②倾诉……____________
③溢出_______________
④涌向街头_____________
答案：① spill out ② spill sth. out ③ spill over ④ spill into the street
17. harm n. &v. 伤害；损害→ harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的
①对……有害_______________
②无恶意，无意伤害_______________
③没有受到伤害/损害________________
④对……无害/有很大害处_________________
⑤做某事无妨/无害。_____________________
⑥不要吃太多药，吃多了弊大于利。
Don't take too much of the medicine; it _________________ if you do.
答案：①do/ cause harm to ② mean no harm/ not mean any harm ③ come to no harm ④do no/ great/much/a lot of harm to ⑤ There is no harm in doing sth. It does no harm to do sth. ⑥ does you more harm than good
二、重点短语
1. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关；完成
①实行；履行____________
②继续……_____________
③运走；使……失去自制力______________
④使某人回忆起（某事）_____________
⑤The support of her mother carried Jane Goodall _______ and she devoted herself to the study of chimps.
⑥经理们讨论了他们希望看到明年实施的计划。
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ ______ the next year.
答案：① carry out ② carry on（with/doing sth.）③ carry away ④ carry sb. back（to sth）⑤ through ⑥ carried out
2. tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
①照顾，照料______________
②有……的趋势，倾向于……_______________
③He _______ _______（往往会）get disappointed when failing the exam.
④ Mum was always busy ______ ______（照顾）my younger sister during the night and she ______ ______（往往会）have less sleep.
答案：① tend to(sb./sth.) ② tend towards… ③ tends to ④ tending to, tended to
3. first aid急救
①（对某人）实施急救____________
②帮某人的忙__________
③为了帮助___________
④在……的帮助下____________
⑤帮助某人做某事____________
⑥在某方面帮助某人__________________
答案：① do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid (to sb.) ② come to one's aid=come to the aid of sb. ③ in aid of ④ with the aid of ⑤ aid sb. in doing sth. /aid sb. to do sth. ⑥ aid sb. with sth
4. pass away去世（委婉说法）
①经过____________
②转交；传给_________________
③把…传给后人（常用于被动语态）_______________
④刚才你看到有个穿黑衣服的人经过吗？
Did you see a man in black _______ ______ just now？
答案：① pass by ② pass.on(to.) ③ pass down pass by
5. in memory of作为对……的纪念
①“in+名词+of”类短语：庆祝
赞美，歌颂______________
寻找________________
负责；掌管_______________
支持_______________
支持；赞同_______________
拥有_____________
需要_____________
代替_____________
就……而言________________
纪念__________________
② The library was built ____________（为了纪念）the scientist who had made significant contributions to society.
答案：① in celebration of; in praise of; in search of; in charge of; in support of; in favour of; in possession of; in need of; in place of in terms of; in honour of ② in memory of
6. in tears流着泪；含着泪
①突然大哭起来______________
②（眼里）充满泪水______________
③使某人流泪/沉默_____________
④把某人感动得流泪______________
⑤几乎落泪___________________
⑥忍住泪水____________________
答案：① burst into tears=burst out crying ② be filled with tears ③ reduce sb. to tears/silence ④ move sb. to tears
7. a great deal（of）大量
①学到了很多________________
②对某人了解很多_______________
③感觉好多了________________
④意义重大____________
⑤ A great deal of work _________ （do）to improve our living environment so far.
答案：① learn a great deal ② know a great deal about sb. ③ feel a great deal better ④ mean a great deal ⑤ has been done
三、重点句式
1. not only…but also…不但……而且
教材原句
①当你听的时候，你不仅要注意语句，而且要注意说话人是怎么说话的。
When you listen，you should pay attention _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ HOW the speaker is talking.
句式仿写
②不仅我而且他也认为循环利用垃圾很重要。
___________________________________ the importance of recycling garbage.
③她不仅为老人提供了食宿，而且为他买了单程票。
_________________________ the old man with accommodations, ________ she had bought a single for him.
答案：① not only to the words but also to ② Not only I but also he attaches ③ Not only had she provided，but also
2. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
教材原句
①想想如果你遭遇和那个女孩同样的情况，你会怎么做。
Think about what you _______ _______ if you _______ _______ the same situation as the girl.
句式仿写
②如果牛顿生活在现在，他会吃惊于科技领域的发现。
If Newton _______ today，he _______ _______ If you _______ _______ surprised by what has been discovered in science and technology.
答案：① would do, were ever faced with ② lived, would be
3. 否定词+比较级+than…没有……比……更加…
教材原句
①对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵……
To a person _______ ________ _______ _______ ________ their life…
句式仿写
②我认为没有什么比读书更令人愉快的了。
_____________________________________________________________________
答案：① nothing is more precious than ② I think nothing is more pleasant than reading
4. 独立主格结构
教材原句
①过了一会儿，一群女人走了过来，每人头上都顶着一罐水。
After a while，a group of women came along, _______ _______ a pot of water on her head.
句式仿写
②一天，我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来，船上载满了鱼。
One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, _______ _______ ________ _______ ________ .
答案：① each balancing ② our boat full of fish
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