人教版（2019）必修第三册 Unit2 Morals and Virtues Grammar and Assessing Your Progress 词汇精讲课堂(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
版本：新人教
单元：必修三 Unit 2 (Discovering Useful Structures — Assessing Your Progress)
词
汇
课
堂
本单元词汇梳理
1. accident ac- (to 朝向) + cid (to fall 降临) + -ent →“降临”在某人身上的不幸的事 → 意外，事故
词块：by accident (反义词 on purpose)
2. operation operate — operation
词块：have an operation on
3. whisper 拟声词，模仿嘶嘶声
词块：whisper sth to sb, in a whisper
4. midnight 合成词 mid + night
词块：at midnight
5. import & export import：im- (into, in 入) + port (to carry 运输) → 运入 → 进口
export：ex- (out, 出) + port (to carry 运输) → 运出 → 出口
import 与 export 为反义词
6. pole 词块：the North / South Pole, a telegraph pole；派生词：polar
7. lap 词块：sit in / on sb’s lap
8. bite 词源义“咬；撕”，词源同 bit
词块：have / take a bite of = bite
9. assist as- (to) + sist (to stand) → 站在某人身边 → 帮助；协助
assist 是正式用语，对应 help
10. first aid 搭配：do / give / offer first aid
11. chairman 合成词 chair + man
词源：中国古代没有座椅，人们都坐在席子上。辈分或地位最高的人坐的席子叫“主席”，所以中国人用“主席” 来称呼领导人或主持人。而在国外，大家习惯坐在椅子或凳子上。因为椅子贵，凳子便宜，所以辈分或地位较高的人坐椅子，而其他人则坐小板凳或长凳，或干脆站着。所以跟中国的“主席”对应的英文单词就是 chairman。
12. memory 一词多义：基本义“记忆”
熟词生义：“存储器；存储量 (内存)”
抽象名词具体化：意为“回忆”时用复数
词块：in memory of
词族：memory, memorable, memorise
13. chain 一词多义：基本义“链条” (隐喻思维)
词块：the food chain, in chain, a chain of events / thoughts
14. café 法语词，既可以写作 café，也可以写作 cafe
15. waitress waiter (服务员) + -ess (阴性后缀)，与 waiter 相对
16. cart 词源同 car
17. tear 同形异义词：“撕碎”和“眼泪”来自不同的词
词块：in tears
18. harm 精准的汉语释义“伤害；损害”
词块：do / cause harm to
名词动词化：“伤害；损害”；派生词：harmful, harmless
19. despair de- (without 没有) + spair (hope 希望) → 没有希望 → 绝望
词块：in despair
20. might 正式用语；派生词：mighty
21. court 词源同 yard
词块：take sb to court, appear in court, a basketball / tennis court
22. flexible flex- (bend 弯曲) + -ible → 可弯曲的 → 灵活的、可变动的
派生词：flexibility, inflexible
23. income 合成词 in + come
词块：high- / low-income families
24. therefore 同义词 thus
25. tension 词根：tens- (stretch 拉)
重难点词
精讲
一词多义
chain
同形异义词
operation
harm
精准的汉语释义
flexible
一词多义
英语释义
accident
辨析义
tear
一词多义
词根 port
accident
You never know which will come first, tomorrow or accident.
明天和意外，你永远不知道哪个先来。珍惜我们的生命！
accident n
[C] 事故：
avoid / meet / cause an accident
He was killed in a car accident.
Ken had an accident at work and had to go to hospital.
[C] & [U] 偶然的事；意外的事 sth that happens unexpectedly and is not planned in advance：
The discovery was a happy accident.
词源解读：ac- (to 朝向) + cid (to fall 降临) + -ent →“降临”在某人身上的不幸的事 → 意外，事故
by accident 偶然地；意外地 反 on purpose：
Yesterday when I was wandering on the pavement near a park, I met an old neighbour by accident.
accidental adj 意外的；偶然的
accidentally adv 意外地；偶然地 (by mistake)：
I stepped on a young man’s foot accidentally. 2009 江西书面表达
accident, event 辨析
accident 多指偶然或意外发生的不幸的事情。
a traffic accident
event 尤指历史上的重大事件，还可以表示国际、国内的大事以及体育比赛项目。
the chief events of 2021
The 800 metres is not his best event.
operation
古罗马的年底为祭祀农神萨图恩（Saturn）的大型节日，一般在每年的12月17日至12月24日间召开。萨图恩虽贵为神，依然手持农具在田间劳动，可见他是多么勤于“工作”。而他的妻子俄普斯（Ops）是古罗马神话的丰收之神。
俄普斯（Ops）的名字意思是“丰产；丰富 ”。operate的词根是oper, oper受丰收之神——俄普斯（Ops）的影响，表示“work（工作）”。
operate v
vi & vt（使）运行；（使）运转 to work or make sth work：
Can you explain how the machine operates
Subway trains operate 24 hours a day in New York.
vt 操作；使用 to use and control a machine or equipment：
This machine is very easy to operate. 2012 辽宁
借助英语释义理解
借助英语释义理解
vi 起作用；奏效 to act or have an effect：
The medicine began to operate at once.
vi 动手术；开刀 ：
Having seen the X-ray, the doctor decided to operate on the patient.
vt 经营；管理：
operate a restaurant / company
借助英语释义理解
[U] 运行；运转；操作：
There are three lifts in operation.
[C] & [U] 经营；运营：
The new plant is scheduled to go / come into operation in May this year.
[C] 企业；团体 a business company：
a huge multinational electronics operation
[C] 手术：
He’s recovering from an operation on his shoulder.
operation n
[C] 行动 an activity, often highly organized, that involves many people, actions, days, etc.：
The police have launched a major operation against drug.
[C]（计算机的）运算；操作：
perform various mathematical operations 2012 北京
常用搭配
put ... into operation 实施；使……运转；启用：
It’s time to put our plan into operation.
operate & operation的语义网络图
工作
operate
基本义
机器工作
人使设备工作
工作产生的作用
（使）运行；（使）运转
操作；使用
起作用；奏效
医护人员工作
政企人员工作
动手术；开刀
经营；管理
运行；运转；操作
经营；运营
企业；团体
手术
行动
（计算机的） 运算；操作
operate
operation
上面两段新闻中的“ human chain”是什么意思呢？chain的基本义是“链子；链条”，衍生义可由基本义推测出来。
chain
chain词源解读
chain的词源义为“金属或其他材料连接成的系列”（即链子），14世纪末期衍生出“脖子上带的装饰物”（如金链子）；16世纪泛指任何连接起来的系列；随着商业的发展，衍生出了“连锁店”之意；随着物理学的发展及核物理的发现，出现了词块“连锁反应”。
chain n
[C] & [U] 链子；链条；锁链：
a bicycle chain / the food chain
The prisoners are in chains.
[C] 一系列；一连串：
a chain of events / accidents / thoughts / misfortunes
a chain reaction
[C] 连锁店 (chain store)；连锁集团：
a supermarket chain
vt 用链拴住；束缚：
Chain the horse to the tree.
名词动词化
链条
（基本义）
连锁店；
连锁集团
金属“链条”
一系列；
一连串
店铺等构成的“链条”
事件等构成的“链条”
链子；链条；锁链
chain语义网络图
n
v
用链拴住；束缚
tear
tear1 n [C]［常用复数］眼泪；泪水：
I don’t know what it was in the novel that
made him burst into tears. 2012 湖北
She broke down in tears when she heard
the bad news.
tear1 词源解读：词源义“fluid drop from the eye”，从眼睛里流出的液体 → 眼泪
vt & vi 扯（破）；（被）撕开；（被）撕碎：
tear the letter into / to pieces
This paper / cloth tears easily.
Jack tore the package open.
vt 撕掉：
When we tear one page from the calendar, it means our life has been shortened by one day.
He tore his clothes off and dived into the lake.
tear2 (tore, torn) v
tear2 词源解读：词源义“拉开（pull apart）”→ 扯（破）
注意动词和名词是同形异义词，发音不同。
harm
■ n [U] 伤害；损害；危害：
He may not be able to help but there’s no harm in asking him.
do / cause harm to / do / cause ... harm 伤害；对……有害：
Human activities have done / caused much / great harm to the environment.
■ vt 伤害；损害：
Don’t harm your eyes by reading in a poor light.
Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn. 2010 辽宁
词汇拓展
harmless adj 无害的 反 harmful
harmful R3 adj 有害的 反 harmless：
the harmful effects of tobacco
Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people.
名词动词化
flexible
flexible = flex- (bend 弯曲) + -ible →“可弯曲的”。当人的身体“可弯曲”时可译为“柔韧的”。随着语言的发展，具体的基本义衍生出了新的抽象意义，flexible可以指人或计划等“可变通的；灵活的”。
flexible adj 反 inflexible
易弯曲的；柔韧的 able to bend easily without breaking：
Rubber is a flexible substance.
Dancers need to be flexible.
可变通的；灵活的 able to change to suit any new situation：
a flexible schedule
When asked about their work schedules, many people preferred more flexible work / working hours.
Good job candidates must show a flexible approach to problems.
flexibility n [U] 柔韧性；灵活性
同族词：flexible, flexibility, inflexible
借助英语释义理解
借助英语释义理解
词根 port
port
（to carry 拿、带、运）
re-: 回 (back)
report 报道（把消息、情况等带回）
sup-: 在……下 (underneath)
support 支持；支撑（在下面拿着、支撑着）
trans-: 横过 / 越过 (over / across)
transport（从一方运到另一方）
ex-: 出 (out)
export（将物品运出某国）
im-: 入 (in)
import（将物品运入某国）
de-: 分开，离开(away)
deport（将人带离某国）
1. He’s recovering from an operation on his shoulder.
2. She broke down in tears when she heard the bad news.
3. Human activities have done / caused much / great harm to the environment.
4. Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn. 2010 辽宁
5. Good job candidates must show a flexible approach to problems.
本单元金句汇总
随堂检测
根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. His left knee was hurt in ___________________（一场交通事故）.
2. The train ___________________（出了事故）and many passengers were injured.
3. The baby knocked the vase off ___________________（意外地）.
4. Meeting you was the most ___________________（美丽的意外）in my life.
a traffic accident
accident
had an accident
by accident
beautiful accident
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Operation of the device is extremely simple. ______
2. Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation. ______
3. He’s got to have an operation on his stomach. ______
4. The rescue operation began on Friday afternoon. ______
5. The whole mathematical operation is performed in less than three seconds. ______
6. It’s time to put our plan into operation. ______
操作
operation
经营
手术
行动
运算
执行
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The device has a single button, allowing for easy _________ (operate).
2. She’s going to need an operation _______ her shoulder.
3. The lab is ________ operation. The move for the Engineers should be completed next week.（2013 浙江）
on
in
operation
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语意思。
1. She wore a heavy gold chain around her neck. ___________
2. Before he started Wagamama, he had tried to set up a Chinese fast-food chain in Britain. ___________
3. Bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. ___________
4. The book examines the chain of events that led to the revolution（革命）. ___________
5. I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. ___________
6. Volunteers formed a human chain to save things from the burning house. ___________
7. I received a key chain with my initials（名字缩写）. ___________
连锁快餐店
金项链
用链子拴住
一连串事件
chain
束缚
钥匙链
排成一条长龙
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Take the book from Alice; she will tear it. __________
2. My wife burst into tears when she heard the bad news. __________
3. The child’s misery（悲惨）tore my heart. __________
4. War and revolution have torn families apart. __________
tear
撕（破）
突然哭了
使我心碎
使分开 / 使分离
harm
一、根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。
1. Too much TV-watching can _________（损害）children’s ability to learn.（2010 辽宁）
2. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are _________ （有害的）to people.（2010 广东）
二、翻译下列句子。
乱扔垃圾使我们的学校脏乱，并且有损学校的形象。
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Littering makes our school dirty, and does harm to the image of our school.
harm
harmful
一、根据句意，选出下列句子中flexible的释义。
a. 可变通的；灵活的
b. 易弯曲的；柔韧的
1. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments.（2012 湖南） ______
2. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.（2014 浙江） ______
二、翻译下列句子。
1. 弹性的工作时间是女性择业考虑的重要因素。
___________________ are a major career consideration for women.
2. 他在这个问题上寸步不让。
He’s completely _______ on the subject.
flexible
b
a
Flexible working hours
inflexible
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