中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点06 阅读理解之推理判断
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。
1. 抓好限时训练
通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯
在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧
常见的阅读方法有三种：
（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。
（2）先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。
（3）文——题——文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，并在原文中划出答案出处，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。
4. 积累文化背景知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。
5. 注重长难句的理解
近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。
英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。
高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法
（一）说明文exposition: 说明文用平时的语言客观的解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展中出现的新生事物等。说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例（by giving examples）、分类法(by classification)或类比(by analogy生僻)、对比法(by contrast)。给事物下定义(definition)或分析(analysis)事物产生的原因以及后果(cause and effect)。举例说明使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异；分类展开法强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似；对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物的原因及结果。其实，除了文字说明外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。无论使用哪种说明方法，作者都是为了说明对象的本质特征。
Key:抓事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
（二）议论文argumentation: 议论文是说理性的文章。由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。阅读时，抓住论题和观点就把握了中心，再结合诸多事例和理由之间，以及它们和论点之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。Key: 抓论点。
（三）应用文practical writing:措辞简洁明了，直截了当。是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，目的是向读者传递信息。阅读这类文章要注意细节信息，做题时根据所提问题用寻读，跳读的方法更有效。Key: 抓信息。
（四）记叙文description:记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来的事情经过，包括人物的故事情节，文章内容涉及何人何时何地、为什么、怎么样、干了何事等。这是我们在阅读记叙文首先要了解的，接着按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，就能理解这个故事。记叙文的叙事顺序有顺序和倒叙两种。文章有时会从最重要、最引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追述事情的开端和经过。另外：讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等。在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节要重点关注。Key: 抓住故事情节，理清文中脉络。
A
（2022·山东济南·统考二模）
Elephants are the largest land animals alive today. African elephants live in family groups called herds. All of the elephants in the herd take care of each other. The leader of the herd is an old mother elephant. She is the matriarch. A herd may have as few as eight or as many as 100 elephants. The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to guard the family if danger appears. Adult male elephants go off to live on their own and start families.
Elephants learn by watching and copying other elephants, and from life. Baby elephants stay with their mothers until they are fully grown at about ten years old. Elephants live to be 50 or 60 years old. Elephants are intelligent animals with long memories. Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the safest place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river.
Elephants talk to each other with low rumbling sounds. Some rumbling sounds are so deep that people are unable to hear them. Elephants hear sounds with their ears, the soles of their feet, and even their trunks(象鼻). They also greet each other by touching with their trunks and feet. If danger appears, mothers flap their ears to call their babies to them.
Other animals do not usually attack(袭击) elephants. However, a lion might try to attack a sick elephant or a baby. If this happens, everyone is on guard. The adult elephants circle around the baby elephants. The adults make loud trumpeting sounds and hit the ground with their trunks. The matriarch puts herself between the lion and the herd. She flaps her ears out to make herself look even larger. Then she lowers her head and charges the enemy in a big cloud of dust.
1．According to Paragraphs 1 & 2, the matriarch ________.
A．protects the herd B．just follows the herd
C．drinks water alone D．is the oldest elephant
2．Which of the following probably best explains “spell” underlined in Paragraph 2
A．Magician. B．Prediction. C．Period. D．Ability.
3．According to Paragraph 3, how do elephants communicate with each other
A．People can hear all the sounds of elephants.
B．Elephants can hear each other only with ears.
C．Elephants greet each other by flapping ears.
D．Elephants’ trunks can be used to communicate.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．No elephants take care of baby elephants at the time of danger.
B．Baby elephants stay with their mothers as long as they want.
C．A matriarch can find the water because of the long memory.
D．When a lion attacks, adult elephants circle around the matriarch.
5．What’s the best title of the text
A．A Baby And A Matriarch. B．An Elephant Herd.
C．A Lion And An Elephant. D．An Elephant Matriarch.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B
【解析】短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。
1．细节理解题。根据“The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to guard the family if danger appears.”可知，其他大象跟着母象，因为她知道在危险出现时如何保护家庭。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past.”可知，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。此处spell是“时期”的含义，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“Elephants talk to each other with low rumbling sounds…Elephants hear sounds with their ears, the soles of their feet, and even their trunks(象鼻).”可知，大象用低沉的声音相互交谈，大象也可以用耳朵、脚底、甚至用鼻子听声音。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据“Elephants are intelligent animals with long memories. Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past.”可知，大象是聪明的动物，记忆力很好，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。故选C。
5．最佳标题题。短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。选项B“象群”符合主题，故选B。
B
（2022·河北石家庄·石家庄市第四十中学校考一模）
Five years is a rather short time in the long history of China. But for digital (数字的) development, a lot of changes have taken place in many aspects of our life.
Nowadays, it’s normal for people to communicate on WeChat, the most popular mobile social media platform in China. People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.
In China, holding a mobile phone means having the world in your hands. You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps. Without mobile phones, life would seem dull.
By the end of 2016, there were 695 million mobile phone users in China, an increase of 12 percent on year—on—year basis. The average mobile Internet data traffic reached 172 megabytes per month, which was far more than the global average.
At the two sessions (两会), Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that in 2017 the speed of mobile network would be increased and the cost would be reduced greatly. Mobile rates for domestic roaming (国内漫游) and long distance calls would be cancelled (取消).
Meanwhile, the TD-LTE 4G communication technology developed mainly in China has been accepted and widely used across the world.
In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s.
6．People take less cash with them because _________.
A．cash isn’t useful any more B．it’s easier to use online pay by mobile phone
C．many stores refuse cash D．online pay is used in all stores and hotels
7．By using a mobile phone, you can do many things EXCEPT ________.
A．ordering something to eat B．chatting with friends
C．playing games D．cooking something delicious
8．What does the underlined word “dull” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Interesting. B．Amazing. C．Boring. D．Exciting.
9．According to the passage, we know that _________.
A．The cost of using mobile phones is lower
B．the speed of mobile network slowed down
C．Chinese users will make phone calls for free in the future
D．the using of mobile phones was cancelled
10．Which one is true according to the passage
A．People can’t live without mobile phones.
B．The speed of mobile network and the cost would be increased greatly.
C．The TD—LTE 4G communication technology is only used in China.
D．China’s 5G network has already been in service.
【答案】6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D
【分析】本文介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国也在促进5G通信技术的发展。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.”可知，由于大多数商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付宝支付，所以人们随身携带的现金较少了。由此说明用手机在线支付更方便（比使用现金方便）。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据原文第三段第二句“You can shop…finger taps.”可知， 你可以利用手机购物，旅行，交流，娱乐，所有的活动只需用手指点击几下。文中没有提到利用手机能做饭。由此判断通过使用手机，你可以做很多事情除了烹饪美味的东西。故选D。
8．词义猜测题。根据第三段内容“You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps”可知，有了手机可以做很多事情。由此推测没有了手机，人们的生活不可能是“有趣的，“令人惊奇的”，“刺激的”，只能是“无聊的”，符合语境。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段内容“At the two sessions…long distance calls would be cancelled.”可知，在两会上，李克强总理指出，2017年移动的速度网络将会提高，成本将会大大降低。国内漫游费和长途电话费将被取消。由此说明，使用手机的成本更低了。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s”可知，在2020年，中国的5G网络投入使用。它帮助中国的移动通信反超国际社会。由此推断选项D“中国的5G网络已经投入使用。”正确。故选D。
C
（2022·新疆吐鲁番·校考一模）
To the students of Class 3A1. The exams start on 22nd June and end on 23rd June.2. The time for each of the subjects is:English 22nd June 9:30 am - 10:30 amMaths 22nd June 11:00 am -12:00 pmHistory 22nd June 2:30 pm - 3:30 pmPE 23rd June 8:00 am - 10:00 amMusic 23rd June 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm3. For the PE test, go to the gym (体育馆). For the music test, go to the Piano Room. All else are written tests. They will be held in Classroom 3A．4. No student can enter the exam room more than 15 minutes after the exam starts.5. No food or drink during ANY exam.6. No dictionaries during the English test.7. Wear sports shoes for the PE test.★ If you have questions, go to the Teachers’ Office before the exams.
How long will the maths test be
A．One hour. B．One hour and a half. C．Two hours. D．Two hours and a half.
12．Where will the students of Class 3A be at 2:30 pm on 23rd June
A．At the gym. B．In the Piano Room. C．In their classroom. D．At the’ Teachers’ Office.
13．When will the written tests be held
A．Only on the morning of 22nd June. B．Only on the morning of 23rd June.
C．On the morning and afternoon of 22nd June. D．On the morning and afternoon of 23rd June.
14．What can we learn from the passage
A．The students can drink water during their tests.
B．The students can’t take a test if they are ten minutes late.
C．The students can’t use dictionaries when taking the English test.
D．The students need to wear sports shoes on the morning of 22nd June.
15．The material is probably from a ________.
A．storybook B．guidebook C．news report D．notice board
【答案】11．A 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．D
【分析】本文是一则应用文，是3A班上的一则通知，通知主要介绍了考试的时间，科目和相关事宜。
11．细节理解题。根据表格内容“Maths 22nd June 11:00 am -12:00 pm”可知，数学的考试时间是上午11点到12点，共一个小时。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据表格内容“Music 23rd June 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm”可知，6月23号下午2点30,3A班的学生在进行音乐考试；再根据表格内容“For the music test, go to the Piano Room.”可知，他们应该在钢琴教室。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据表格内容“For the PE test, go to the gym (体育馆). For the music test, go to the Piano Room. All else are written tests.”可知，除音乐和体育考试之外，剩余的都是笔试；再根据表格内容“English 22nd June 9:30 am - 10:30 am Maths 22nd June 11:00 am -12:00 pm History 22nd June 2:30 pm - 3:30 pm”可知，笔试时间在6月22号的上午和下午。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据表格内容“No dictionaries during the English test.”可知，英语考试不能使用字典。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据表格内容“The exams start on 22nd June and end on 23rd June. The time for each of the subjects is…”可知，本文是3A班上的一则通知，通知主要介绍了考试的时间，科目和相关事宜。故可能出现在公告栏上。故选D。
D
（2022·天津·模拟预测）
Look carefully at the back of a California state quarter (州纪念币). A man with a walking stick is pictured there. A bird called a California condor is flying overhead. Who is this man, and why is he on the back of a coin
The man on this quarter is John Muir. Even as a child, Muir loved watching nature. As a young man, he spent much of his life exploring the beauty of the wilderness. He walked more than a thousand miles across the country, through fields and woods. John Muir liked writing about the places he visited, describing their beauty.
Muir also wrote about problems. In order to create more farmland for sheep and cattle, many trees were being cut down. This made Muir unhappy and worried, because he knew that trees were important to forests and to the animals that lived in them. Muir believed that nature should be protected instead of being changed by human beings. He wrote articles in magazines and newspapers to spread the word about protecting forests. Soon, others began to listen.
Muir wrote letters to important people, such as President Theodore Roosevelt. The president admired Muir’s love for nature. When Roosevelt came to visit Muir in California, Muir asked the president to go camping with him for three nights under the trees so they could talk about conservation (保护). Later, President Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of land for national forests and built five national parks. This means that people cannot build homes or businesses there.
Though it has been over one hundred years since John Muir died, people continue his work today. His work helped us to see the beauty of our natural world. John Muir made us understand the importance of protecting our earth and our resources-then, now, and for the future.
16．What did John Muir spend much of his life doing when he was a young man
A．Watching natural views. B．Writing about the places he visited.
C．Exploring the beauty of the wilderness. D．Creating farmland for sheep and cattle.
17．In order to protect forests what did John Muir do
A．He wrote articles in magazines and newspapers.
B．He listened to other people’s opinions.
C．He went to enjoy the beauty of nature.
D．He planted trees as much as possible.
18．What happened after President Roosevelt went camping with John Muir
A．Many trees were cut down. B．Five national parks were set up.
C．More home and businesses were built. D．Many California condors were saved
19．Why is John Muir on the back of a California state quarter
A．Because he walked over a thousand miles across the country.
B．Because he tried his best to solve problems and change the nature.
C．Because he wrote articles to spread the word about protecting forests.
D．Because he helped people understand the importance of protecting the natural world.
20．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage
A．To advise readers to become interested in animals.
B．To make us interested in the story about nature.
C．To tell us something about an important person in history.
D．To teach people how to protect the environment.
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．C
【解析】本文主要介绍了加利福尼亚纪念币背面的人物约翰·缪尔以及约翰·缪尔的主要事迹。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段的“he spent much of his life exploring the beauty of the wilderness.”可知，约翰·缪尔一生中的大部分时间都在探索荒野的美。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段的“He wrote articles in magazines and newspapers to spread the word about protecting forests.”可知，约翰·缪尔为了保护森林在杂志和报纸上写过文章。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Later, President Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of land for national forests and built five national parks.”可知，罗斯福总统在与约翰·缪尔一起野营后，五个国家公园被建立了。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据第五段的“His work helped us to see the beauty of our natural world. John Muir made us understand the importance of protecting our earth and our resources-then, now, and for the future.”可知，他之所以在纪念币的背面是因为他让人们看到了自然的美，懂得了保护自然和资源的重要性。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Who is this man, and why is he on the back of a coin ”和文章大意可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍一位重要的历史人物，约翰·缪尔对环保所作的贡献。故选C。
E
（2023·广西·统考一模）
A long time ago, my grandparents moved into a new house with 4 daughters. Because work was hard to find, Grandpa did whatever jobs he could. He and Grandma dug a garden to grow some food.
The house had a big front yard with tall trees. Grandparents planted vegetables on one side of the yard and flowers on the other side.
Everybody worked to keep the garden growing. Later, the family ate food from the garden and enjoyed the beautiful flowers.
The family grew up, and the grandchildren came. Grandparents still planted their garden. Everyone still enjoyed the food from the garden.
Years later, it became harder for grandparents to keep the garden. So they made it a little smaller. There was still much to eat from the garden and lovely flowers to enjoy.
However, at 89, Grandpa couldn't move and then died. So the next spring, Grandma planted only a small garden.
One sunny day in the early summer, Grandma saw a big group of bees flying between two tall trees. Slowly the bees entered a hole up in one of the trees. Soon after, all bees disappeared into their new home.
That summer, Grandma got a big harvest(收获).
One day, Grandma's brother Frank visited her. Grandma told him the story about the group of bees. Frank told her that bees pollinated vegetables and flowers and helped them grow. Just then Grandma understood the reason for her great harvest.
From that time on, Grandma always believed that since Grandpa couldn't be there to help her that summer, he had sent the bees to take his place and make Grandma's little garden grow and grow. Thanks to Grandpa's bees, the family could still have much food to eat and lovely flowers to enjoy every year. The help of the bees continued, just as Grandpa's love.
21．What did grandparents grow in the front yard
A．Only vegetables. B．Only flowers. C．Vegetables and flowers.
22．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Grandma planted the garden all the time.
B．Sometimes the family couldn't get enough to eat from the garden.
C．The garden was getting bigger and bigger before Grandpa's death.
23．Grandma got a great harvest from the garden that summer with the help of _____.
A．the bees B．her daughters C．Grandpa's brother
24．Grandma knew the reason for her big harvest from _____.
A．Grandpa B．her brother C．her grandchildren
25．What can be the best title of the passage
A．Grandma's Harvest B．Grandpa's Bees C．Grandparents' House
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．A 24．B 25．B
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，主要讲了爷爷和奶奶挖了一个花园，自己种粮食养活一家人，爷爷去世后，奶奶只种了一小块花园。初夏的一个阳光明媚的日子，奶奶看到成群的蜜蜂一起爬上了树梢！奶奶的兄弟弗兰克告诉她，因为蜜蜂给蔬菜和花授粉，小花园才生长得很好。从那时起，奶奶一直相信，由于爷爷那个夏天不能帮助她，他派蜜蜂代替他的位置，才使奶奶的小花园生长得很好。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Grandparents planted vegetables on one side of the yard and flowers on the other side.” 可知祖父母在院子种了蔬菜和花。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第六段“However, at 89, Grandpa couldn't move and then died. So the next spring, Grandma planted only a small garden.” 爷爷去世后，奶奶只种了一小块花园，可知奶奶一直在种这片小花园，故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第九段“Frank told her that bees pollinated vegetables and flowers and helped them grow. Just then Grandma understood the reason for her great harvest.”弗兰克告诉奶奶蜜蜂给蔬菜和花授粉，小花园才生长得很好，可知在蜜蜂的帮助下，小花园有了大丰收，故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据第九段“One day, Grandma's brother Frank visited her. ……Frank told her that bees pollinated vegetables and flowers and helped them grow. Just then Grandma understood the reason for her great harvest.”可知是奶奶的兄弟弗兰克告诉她，因为蜜蜂给蔬菜和花授粉，小花园才生长得很好，故选B。
25．最佳标题。根据最后一段和文章内容可知奶奶认为爷爷在去世后，派蜜蜂代替他的位置，使奶奶的小花园生长得很好。故选B。
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热点06 阅读理解之推理判断
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。
1. 抓好限时训练
通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯
在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧
常见的阅读方法有三种：
（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。
（2）先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。
（3）文——题——文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，并在原文中划出答案出处，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。
4. 积累文化背景知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。
5. 注重长难句的理解
近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。
英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。
高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法
（一）说明文exposition: 说明文用平时的语言客观的解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展中出现的新生事物等。说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例（by giving examples）、分类法(by classification)或类比(by analogy生僻)、对比法(by contrast)。给事物下定义(definition)或分析(analysis)事物产生的原因以及后果(cause and effect)。举例说明使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异；分类展开法强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似；对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物的原因及结果。其实，除了文字说明外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。无论使用哪种说明方法，作者都是为了说明对象的本质特征。
Key:抓事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
（二）议论文argumentation: 议论文是说理性的文章。由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。阅读时，抓住论题和观点就把握了中心，再结合诸多事例和理由之间，以及它们和论点之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。Key: 抓论点。
（三）应用文practical writing:措辞简洁明了，直截了当。是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，目的是向读者传递信息。阅读这类文章要注意细节信息，做题时根据所提问题用寻读，跳读的方法更有效。Key: 抓信息。
（四）记叙文description:记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来的事情经过，包括人物的故事情节，文章内容涉及何人何时何地、为什么、怎么样、干了何事等。这是我们在阅读记叙文首先要了解的，接着按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，就能理解这个故事。记叙文的叙事顺序有顺序和倒叙两种。文章有时会从最重要、最引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追述事情的开端和经过。另外：讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等。在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节要重点关注。Key: 抓住故事情节，理清文中脉络。
A
（2022·山东济南·统考二模）
Elephants are the largest land animals alive today. African elephants live in family groups called herds. All of the elephants in the herd take care of each other. The leader of the herd is an old mother elephant. She is the matriarch. A herd may have as few as eight or as many as 100 elephants. The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to guard the family if danger appears. Adult male elephants go off to live on their own and start families.
Elephants learn by watching and copying other elephants, and from life. Baby elephants stay with their mothers until they are fully grown at about ten years old. Elephants live to be 50 or 60 years old. Elephants are intelligent animals with long memories. Even in a dry spell, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the safest place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river.
Elephants talk to each other with low rumbling sounds. Some rumbling sounds are so deep that people are unable to hear them. Elephants hear sounds with their ears, the soles of their feet, and even their trunks(象鼻). They also greet each other by touching with their trunks and feet. If danger appears, mothers flap their ears to call their babies to them.
Other animals do not usually attack(袭击) elephants. However, a lion might try to attack a sick elephant or a baby. If this happens, everyone is on guard. The adult elephants circle around the baby elephants. The adults make loud trumpeting sounds and hit the ground with their trunks. The matriarch puts herself between the lion and the herd. She flaps her ears out to make herself look even larger. Then she lowers her head and charges the enemy in a big cloud of dust.
1．According to Paragraphs 1 & 2, the matriarch ________.
A．protects the herd B．just follows the herd
C．drinks water alone D．is the oldest elephant
2．Which of the following probably best explains “spell” underlined in Paragraph 2
A．Magician. B．Prediction. C．Period. D．Ability.
3．According to Paragraph 3, how do elephants communicate with each other
A．People can hear all the sounds of elephants.
B．Elephants can hear each other only with ears.
C．Elephants greet each other by flapping ears.
D．Elephants’ trunks can be used to communicate.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．No elephants take care of baby elephants at the time of danger.
B．Baby elephants stay with their mothers as long as they want.
C．A matriarch can find the water because of the long memory.
D．When a lion attacks, adult elephants circle around the matriarch.
5．What’s the best title of the text
A．A Baby And A Matriarch. B．An Elephant Herd.
C．A Lion And An Elephant. D．An Elephant Matriarch.
B
（2022·河北石家庄·石家庄市第四十中学校考一模）
Five years is a rather short time in the long history of China. But for digital (数字的) development, a lot of changes have taken place in many aspects of our life.
Nowadays, it’s normal for people to communicate on WeChat, the most popular mobile social media platform in China. People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.
In China, holding a mobile phone means having the world in your hands. You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps. Without mobile phones, life would seem dull.
By the end of 2016, there were 695 million mobile phone users in China, an increase of 12 percent on year—on—year basis. The average mobile Internet data traffic reached 172 megabytes per month, which was far more than the global average.
At the two sessions (两会), Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that in 2017 the speed of mobile network would be increased and the cost would be reduced greatly. Mobile rates for domestic roaming (国内漫游) and long distance calls would be cancelled (取消).
Meanwhile, the TD-LTE 4G communication technology developed mainly in China has been accepted and widely used across the world.
In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s.
6．People take less cash with them because _________.
A．cash isn’t useful any more B．it’s easier to use online pay by mobile phone
C．many stores refuse cash D．online pay is used in all stores and hotels
7．By using a mobile phone, you can do many things EXCEPT ________.
A．ordering something to eat B．chatting with friends
C．playing games D．cooking something delicious
8．What does the underlined word “dull” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Interesting. B．Amazing. C．Boring. D．Exciting.
9．According to the passage, we know that _________.
A．The cost of using mobile phones is lower
B．the speed of mobile network slowed down
C．Chinese users will make phone calls for free in the future
D．the using of mobile phones was cancelled
10．Which one is true according to the passage
A．People can’t live without mobile phones.
B．The speed of mobile network and the cost would be increased greatly.
C．The TD—LTE 4G communication technology is only used in China.
D．China’s 5G network has already been in service.
C
（2022·新疆吐鲁番·校考一模）
To the students of Class 3A1. The exams start on 22nd June and end on 23rd June.2. The time for each of the subjects is:English 22nd June 9:30 am - 10:30 amMaths 22nd June 11:00 am -12:00 pmHistory 22nd June 2:30 pm - 3:30 pmPE 23rd June 8:00 am - 10:00 amMusic 23rd June 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm3. For the PE test, go to the gym (体育馆). For the music test, go to the Piano Room. All else are written tests. They will be held in Classroom 3A．4. No student can enter the exam room more than 15 minutes after the exam starts.5. No food or drink during ANY exam.6. No dictionaries during the English test.7. Wear sports shoes for the PE test.★ If you have questions, go to the Teachers’ Office before the exams.
How long will the maths test be
A．One hour. B．One hour and a half. C．Two hours. D．Two hours and a half.
12．Where will the students of Class 3A be at 2:30 pm on 23rd June
A．At the gym. B．In the Piano Room. C．In their classroom. D．At the’ Teachers’ Office.
13．When will the written tests be held
A．Only on the morning of 22nd June. B．Only on the morning of 23rd June.
C．On the morning and afternoon of 22nd June. D．On the morning and afternoon of 23rd June.
14．What can we learn from the passage
A．The students can drink water during their tests.
B．The students can’t take a test if they are ten minutes late.
C．The students can’t use dictionaries when taking the English test.
D．The students need to wear sports shoes on the morning of 22nd June.
15．The material is probably from a ________.
A．storybook B．guidebook C．news report D．notice board
D
（2022·天津·模拟预测）
Look carefully at the back of a California state quarter (州纪念币). A man with a walking stick is pictured there. A bird called a California condor is flying overhead. Who is this man, and why is he on the back of a coin
The man on this quarter is John Muir. Even as a child, Muir loved watching nature. As a young man, he spent much of his life exploring the beauty of the wilderness. He walked more than a thousand miles across the country, through fields and woods. John Muir liked writing about the places he visited, describing their beauty.
Muir also wrote about problems. In order to create more farmland for sheep and cattle, many trees were being cut down. This made Muir unhappy and worried, because he knew that trees were important to forests and to the animals that lived in them. Muir believed that nature should be protected instead of being changed by human beings. He wrote articles in magazines and newspapers to spread the word about protecting forests. Soon, others began to listen.
Muir wrote letters to important people, such as President Theodore Roosevelt. The president admired Muir’s love for nature. When Roosevelt came to visit Muir in California, Muir asked the president to go camping with him for three nights under the trees so they could talk about conservation (保护). Later, President Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of land for national forests and built five national parks. This means that people cannot build homes or businesses there.
Though it has been over one hundred years since John Muir died, people continue his work today. His work helped us to see the beauty of our natural world. John Muir made us understand the importance of protecting our earth and our resources-then, now, and for the future.
16．What did John Muir spend much of his life doing when he was a young man
A．Watching natural views. B．Writing about the places he visited.
C．Exploring the beauty of the wilderness. D．Creating farmland for sheep and cattle.
17．In order to protect forests what did John Muir do
A．He wrote articles in magazines and newspapers.
B．He listened to other people’s opinions.
C．He went to enjoy the beauty of nature.
D．He planted trees as much as possible.
18．What happened after President Roosevelt went camping with John Muir
A．Many trees were cut down. B．Five national parks were set up.
C．More home and businesses were built. D．Many California condors were saved
19．Why is John Muir on the back of a California state quarter
A．Because he walked over a thousand miles across the country.
B．Because he tried his best to solve problems and change the nature.
C．Because he wrote articles to spread the word about protecting forests.
D．Because he helped people understand the importance of protecting the natural world.
20．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage
A．To advise readers to become interested in animals.
B．To make us interested in the story about nature.
C．To tell us something about an important person in history.
D．To teach people how to protect the environment.
E
（2023·广西·统考一模）
A long time ago, my grandparents moved into a new house with 4 daughters. Because work was hard to find, Grandpa did whatever jobs he could. He and Grandma dug a garden to grow some food.
The house had a big front yard with tall trees. Grandparents planted vegetables on one side of the yard and flowers on the other side.
Everybody worked to keep the garden growing. Later, the family ate food from the garden and enjoyed the beautiful flowers.
The family grew up, and the grandchildren came. Grandparents still planted their garden. Everyone still enjoyed the food from the garden.
Years later, it became harder for grandparents to keep the garden. So they made it a little smaller. There was still much to eat from the garden and lovely flowers to enjoy.
However, at 89, Grandpa couldn't move and then died. So the next spring, Grandma planted only a small garden.
One sunny day in the early summer, Grandma saw a big group of bees flying between two tall trees. Slowly the bees entered a hole up in one of the trees. Soon after, all bees disappeared into their new home.
That summer, Grandma got a big harvest(收获).
One day, Grandma's brother Frank visited her. Grandma told him the story about the group of bees. Frank told her that bees pollinated vegetables and flowers and helped them grow. Just then Grandma understood the reason for her great harvest.
From that time on, Grandma always believed that since Grandpa couldn't be there to help her that summer, he had sent the bees to take his place and make Grandma's little garden grow and grow. Thanks to Grandpa's bees, the family could still have much food to eat and lovely flowers to enjoy every year. The help of the bees continued, just as Grandpa's love.
21．What did grandparents grow in the front yard
A．Only vegetables. B．Only flowers. C．Vegetables and flowers.
22．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Grandma planted the garden all the time.
B．Sometimes the family couldn't get enough to eat from the garden.
C．The garden was getting bigger and bigger before Grandpa's death.
23．Grandma got a great harvest from the garden that summer with the help of _____.
A．the bees B．her daughters C．Grandpa's brother
24．Grandma knew the reason for her big harvest from _____.
A．Grandpa B．her brother C．her grandchildren
25．What can be the best title of the passage
A．Grandma's Harvest B．Grandpa's Bees C．Grandparents' House
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