中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
重难点07 阅读理解之推理判断
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。
1. 抓好限时训练
通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯
在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧
常见的阅读方法有三种：
（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。
（2）先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。
（3）文——题——文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，并在原文中划出答案出处，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。
4. 积累文化背景知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。
5. 注重长难句的理解
近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。
英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。
高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法
（一）说明文exposition: 说明文用平时的语言客观的解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展中出现的新生事物等。说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例（by giving examples）、分类法(by classification)或类比(by analogy生僻)、对比法(by contrast)。给事物下定义(definition)或分析(analysis)事物产生的原因以及后果(cause and effect)。举例说明使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异；分类展开法强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似；对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物的原因及结果。其实，除了文字说明外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。无论使用哪种说明方法，作者都是为了说明对象的本质特征。
Key:抓事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
（二）议论文argumentation: 议论文是说理性的文章。由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。阅读时，抓住论题和观点就把握了中心，再结合诸多事例和理由之间，以及它们和论点之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。Key: 抓论点。
（三）应用文practical writing:措辞简洁明了，直截了当。是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，目的是向读者传递信息。阅读这类文章要注意细节信息，做题时根据所提问题用寻读，跳读的方法更有效。Key: 抓信息。
（四）记叙文description:记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来的事情经过，包括人物的故事情节，文章内容涉及何人何时何地、为什么、怎么样、干了何事等。这是我们在阅读记叙文首先要了解的，接着按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，就能理解这个故事。记叙文的叙事顺序有顺序和倒叙两种。文章有时会从最重要、最引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追述事情的开端和经过。另外：讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等。在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节要重点关注。Key: 抓住故事情节，理清文中脉络。
A
（2023·天津·统考一模）
In your spare time, do you help your parents with chores (杂活) around the house Can you cook for your family
In order to stress (强调) the importance of hard-working spirit education (劳动教育) among students of different ages, the Communist Party of China Central Committee (中共中央) recently released (发布) a guideline (指导纲要).
The guideline calls for students to respect labor work. Students should learn basic life skills and form good working habits through such education.
The government has been trying to stress the importance of hard-working spirit education. But this has been overlooked (忽视) in recent years. Many teenagers do not value the importance of working hard and aren't interested in doing so.
According to a study of nearly 3,000 students that was done by Ningbo Evening News in March, only 22% of students help with everyday chores around the house.
Schools and families play an important role in teaching students about the value of working hard, the guideline says.
Primary and middle schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every week, according to the guideline. Schools can also hold activities to give students real-world work experience. For example, schools can teach children how to plant trees on Tree-Planting Day.
As children's first teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home. Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.
1．The guideline was released recently in order to ___________.
A．stress the importance of hard-working spirit education
B．ask students to work hard at English and any other subjects
C．teach students how to help their parents do chores at home
D．help students of different ages solve life problems
2．The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refers to ___________.
A．the government B．hard-working spirit education C．basic life skills D．the recently released guideline
3．According to the guideline, schools can ___________.
A．give homework to parents B．give the guideline to every student
C．teach students how to cook in the school D．provide chances of real-world work for students
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．About two thirds of students help with housework at home.
B．Students should master at least three life skills every year.
C．Schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every day.
D．Parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home.
5．What is the best title of the passage
A．Spirit of Hard-working Education B．How to Value the Experience
C．The Importance of All Subjects D．How to Do Everyday Chores
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A
【分析】文章大意：为了强调在不同年龄段的学生中勤奋精神教育的重要性，中国共产党中央委员会最近发布了一项指导意见。要求学生尊重劳动，通过这样的教育，学生应该学会基本的生活技能，养成良好的习惯。学校和家长应该鼓励并要求青少年学习基本的生活技能，养成良好的劳动习惯。青少年应该每年掌握一到两项生活技能，以便能够解决将来遇到的问题。
1．细节理解题。根据In order to stress the importance of hard-working spirit education among students of different ages, the Communist Party of China Central Committee recently released a guideline. 为了强调在不同年龄段的学生中勤奋精神教育的重要性，中国共产党中央委员会最近发布了一项指导意见。可知，最近发布的指导意见是为了强调勤奋精神教育的重要性，故答案选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据上文The government has been trying to stress the importance of hard-working spirit education. 政府一直在努力强调勤奋精神教育的重要性。结合But this has been overlooked in recent years.但近年来这一点被忽视了。可知this指的是上文提到的hard-working spirit education，故答案选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Primary and middle schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every week, according to the guideline. Schools can also hold activities to give students real-world work experience. 根据指导意见，中小学每周都要为学生开设勤奋精神课。学校还可以举办活动，让学生获得实际工作经验。可知，学校既要提供理论指导，也要给学生提供真正的社会实践机会，故答案选D。
4．理解判断题。根据only 22% of students help with everyday chores around the house.只有22%的学生帮助做家务，可知A选项“大约三分之二的学生在家帮助做家务。”不符合文意，错误。根据Students should master one or two life skills every year. 学生每年应该掌握一到两种生活技能。可知B选项“学生每年至少要掌握三种生活技能。”不符合文意，错误。根据Primary and middle schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every week, according to the guideline. 根据指导意见，中小学每周都要为学生开设勤奋精神课。可知C选项“学校应该每天为学生开设勤奋精神课。”不符合文意，错误。根据As children's first teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home. 作为孩子的第一任老师，父母也应该鼓励孩子学习如何在家做家务。可知D选项“父母也应该鼓励孩子学习如何在家做家务。”符合文意，正确。故答案选D。
5．标题归纳题。根据文章中的内容In order to stress the importance of hard-working spirit education among students of different ages, the Communist Party of China Central Committee recently released a guideline. 为了强调在不同年龄段的学生中勤奋精神教育的重要性，中国共产党中央委员会最近发布了一项指导意见。The guideline calls for students to respect labor work. Students should learn basic life skills and form good working habits through such education. 该指导意见要求学生尊重劳动。通过这样的教育，学生应该学会基本的生活技能，养成良好的习惯。以及对整篇文章的理解，可知本文主要讲述的是勤奋教育精神的重要性，故答案选A。
B
（2023·江西·统考一模）
Summer Fun at Happy Kids’ Learning Centre
Are you looking for something that can add colour to your summer holiday If yes, here are the summer courses that you cannot miss!
Children Can Cook
The course is to improve children’s knowledge in the kitchen. They will learn basic cooking skills, kitchen safety, and how to buy proper ingredients (原料) and follow steps in recipes (食谱). Children can sit comfortably and eat what they have cooked at the end of each lesson.
Little Writers
The course is divided into two parts. In the first part, children are introduced to famous stories and their writers. In the second part, they are taught to write their own stories. Children also get the chance to write other text types, such as poems and plays.
Acting for Fun
This is a course that lets children enjoy the fun of acting. Through acting and speaking in front of people, children will be more confident. Parents are welcome to watch the performance (演出) given by the children at the end of the course.
Watercolour Painting
This course teaches children the basic skills of painting people and animals. We encourage children to watch, imagine and create their own works.
6．What can children do in the cooking course
A．Sell the food. B．Buy the bowls.
C．Learn how to cook. D．Eat what teachers have cooked.
7．How many parts are there in the writing course
A．One part. B．Two parts. C．Three parts. D．Four parts.
8．Which course should children join if they want to be more confident
A．Acting for Fun. B．Watercolour Painting.
C．Little Writers. D．Children Can Cook.
9．What does the painting course teach
A．The importance of acting.
B．How to buy proper ingredients.
C．Famous stories and their writers.
D．The basic skills of painting people and animals.
10．The purpose of this passage is to encourage children to ________.
A．cook a meal for their parents
B．act with their parents in public
C．join the summer courses at the learning centre
D．read more books during the holiday
【答案】6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C
【分析】这是一篇应用文，文章主要是鼓励孩子参加学习中心的暑期课程，并介绍了课程的具体内容。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“They will learn basic cooking skills, kitchen safety, and how to buy proper ingredients (原料) and follow steps in recipes (食谱). Children can sit comfortably and eat what they have cooked at the end of each lesson.”可知孩子们可以学习基本的烹饪技巧、厨房安全知识、怎样购买正确的原料以及怎样按照食谱来做。还可以坐下来吃他们在课上烹饪的食物。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“The course is divided into two parts”可知分为两个部分。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据第四段“Through acting and speaking in front of people, children will be more confident.”如果孩子想变得更自信，孩子应参加Acting for Fun。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段“This course teaches children the basic skills of painting people and animals”绘画课程教授孩子们基本的画人和动物的技巧。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第一段“Are you looking for something that can add colour to your summer holiday If yes, here are the summer courses that you cannot miss!”可知这篇文章主要是鼓励孩子参加学习中心的暑期课程。故选C。
C
（2023·江西·统考一模）
As an English, I can speak three languages—English, German and French, so do you think the British people are very good language learners The fact is that they aren’t.
Some statistics (数据) from the survey done by the European Commission (欧盟委员会) showed that 62% of the British people only speak English. 38% speak at least one foreign language and 18% speak two or pared with the British people, 56% of the people in other European countries speak at least one foreign language and 28% speak two or more. From this you can see that the British people are famous for not speaking foreign languages and that they are not good language learners in Europe.
And the survey also showed that English is the most widely-spoken foreign language. Many European people can have a conversation in English. That’s why my people don’t think it is necessary to learn a foreign language.
In Britain, students are not required to learn a foreign language. That means learning a foreign language is only an option at school. In UK schools it is common for children to start learning a foreign language at 11 and many of them give it up at 14. So why don’t students continue learning foreign languages at school Because they think it is more difficult to get good marks in languages than in other subjects such as science or history.
To solve this situation, the British government is looking for different ways to improve language learning at school. One way is to start learning it at a much younger age. Another one is to give school children more choices.
Changing the British attitude (态度) to learning foreign languages may be a hard task but the government decides to try!
11．Which country does the writer come from
A．America. . B．China. . C．Britain. . D．Egypt.
12．Which of the following about the British people is true
A．They are good language learners.
B．62% of them speak two or more languages.
C．They are famous for speaking foreign languages.
D．More than half of them only speak English.
13．According to the passage, students in Britain prefer to learn _____.
A．science or German . B．history or German
C．science or history . D．German or French
14．In Paragraph 4, “an option” means _____.
A．a choice . B．a game . C．a mistake . D．a conversation
15．What is the best title of the passage
A．Speaking English . B．Foreign Language Learning in UK
C．Schools in UK . D．Young English Learners
【答案】11．C 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B
【分析】本文是议论文。文章从一份调查结果的分析开始，介绍了英国的学生并不强制学外语；文章最后指出：改变英国人学外语的态度是一项艰巨的任务，但政府决定去尝试了。
11．句意：作者来自哪个国家？细节理解题。 A. America.美国；B. China.中国；C. Britain.英国；D. Egypt.埃及。由文章第一段第一行“As an English”可知作者是一个英国人。故选C。
12．句意：关于英国人下面哪一个是正确的？细节理解题。A. They are good language learners. 他们是好的语言学习者；B. 62% of them speak two or more languages. 他们中的百分之六十二说两种或更多种语言；C. They are famous for speaking foreign languages. 他们以说外语而著名；
D. More than half of them only speak English.他们中超过半数只说英语。根据文章第二段第二行“62% of the British people only speak English”可知超过一半的人只说英语。故选D。
13．句意：根据短文，英国的学生更喜欢学习______________。推理判断题。A. science or German 科学或德语；B. history or German历史或德语；C. science or history科学或历史；D. German or French德语或法语。根据文章第四段中的“Because they think it is more difficult to get good marks in languages than in other subjects such as science or history.”可知他们认为在语言学科上去的好成绩比像科学和历史这样的学科更难，可判断出他们更喜欢科学和历史。故选C。
14．句意：在第四段中，“an option”是什么意思？猜测词义题。A. a choice 选择；B. a game 比赛，游戏；C. a mistake错误；D. a conversation对话。由文章第四段中的“In Britain, students are not required to learn a foreign language. That means learning a foreign language is only an option at school.”可知在英国，学生并不强制学习外语。这意味着学习外语只是一种选择。故选A。
15．句意：这篇文章最好的题目是什么？主旨大意题。A. Speaking English .说英语；B. Foreign Language Learning in UK英国的外语学习；C. Schools in UK .英国的学校；D. Young English Learners年轻的英语学习者。由文章第一段中的“do you think the British people are very good language learners ”和最后一段中的“Changing the British attitude(态度) to learning foreign languages may be a hard task but the government decides to try!”主要围绕英国人学习外语的介绍和态度展开，且每一段中都出现了foreign language的关键词。故选B。
D
（2023·江苏徐州·统考一模）
When most other teenagers in Texas, America, were wasting time playing computer games, Javier was busy trying to invent new machines. This is something that he has been working on since he was nine years old.
It is even more unusual that he has been successful! In 2015, Javier, only 15 years old then, entered the competition "Invent Your World Challenge", which had a prize of US $20,000. Although there were lots of other good inventions entering into the competition, Javier won the first prize.
Javier calls his invention "VERSATILE"—energy system. It has its own technologies to deal with waste, produce methane and bio-oil as energy to cook or warm houses, grow food for people and animals, get greenhouse gases, and create oxygen. The system actually uses algae（藻类）and the power of the sun to make all this happen!
Javier was born in the USA．His father is from Taiwan, China, while his mother is a Mexican. Javier and his younger brother are home schooled. They have no real vacation. Their study goes on all the year round. Javier loves reading and drawing. He is especially interested in science. He devotes himself to inventing useful machines. He wants to make the world a better place for people less lucky than him and help the poor meet their basic needs. By using simple and inexpensive technology, disadvantaged people all over the world can get clean water, fuel, and food at a low price. All this also helps the environment.
Up till now, Javier Fermander Han is still a great example to young people all over the world.
16．How long has he been working on inventing new machines
A．Since he was fifteen years old. B．Since he was nine years old.
C．Since fifteen years ago. D．Since he entered the primary school.
17．Where does Javier receive education
A．At his own home. B．In a school with his brother.
C．In a Mexican school. D．Around the world.
18．Which is NOT one of the advantages of his invention "VERSATILE"
A．It helps the environment. B．It is to help the disadvantaged people.
C．It is easy to carry and use. D．It uses simple and economical technology.
19．Why is Javier regarded as a great example to young people all over the world
A．Because he is good at using computers and as common as us.
B．Because he has earned a lot of money during his school life.
C．Because he is a top student in school and tries to invent new things.
D．Because he has invented something useful to make our world better.
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．C 19．D
【分析】本文主要向我们介绍了一个热爱发明的孩子Javier Fermander Han以及他的发明。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This is something that he has been working on since he was nine years old.”可知，哈维尔自从九岁开始就致力于发明新机器了。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Javier and his younger brother are home schooled.”可知，哈维尔和弟弟在家里接受教育。故选A。
18．推理判断题。A：有利于环境；B：为了帮助弱势群体；C：携带和使用方便；D：采用简单经济的技术。根据“By using simple and inexpensive technology, disadvantaged people all over the world can get clean water, fuel, and food at a low price. All this also helps the environment”，可知这个技术使用了简单经济的技术，可以帮助弱势群体低价使用能源，并且有利于环境，ABD选项表述正确，并未提及是否便携，C选项表述不当。故选C。
19．推理判断题。A：因为他擅长使用电脑，和我们一样普通。B：因为他在学校赚了很多钱。C：因为他是学校的尖子生，试图发明新东西。D：因为他发明了一些有用的东西，使我们的世界更美好。根据倒数第二段中“He devotes himself to inventing useful machines. He wants to make the world a better place for people less lucky than him and help the poor meet their basic needs.”可知，他致力于发明有用的机器，他想为那些没有他幸运的人创造一个更好的世界，并帮助穷人满足他们的基本需求。所以哈维尔被认为是全世界年轻人的好榜样。故选D。
E
（2022·山东济南·统考二模）
Hi, I am Lisa. My friend May had a new haircut. It looked so cool. When I got home, I asked my mom for a haircut like May’s.
Sadly, she was busy. “First, you have to make your hair wet. Then, you have to brush it out really well. Finally, you have to use special scissors to cut it,” said mom. “If you make a mistake, you can’t get the hair back on. Maybe I can cut it for you on the weekend.”
I went back to my room and looked at my hair in the mirror. I didn’t want to go to school looking like this tomorrow. So I got my school scissors out of my desk.
But mom’s words made me worry a little. I decided to cut just a little hair off.
Snip. Snip, Snip. Some hair fell on the floor. Well, one side seemed shorter than the other.
Snip. Snip, Snip. Look! The other side was shorter!
Snip. Snip, Snip. It was still wrong.
Snip. Snip, Snip. I kept trying to fix things, but the more I cut, the worse my hair became. I started to cry!
Mom walked in. She shook her head without saying anything.
“Are you mad because it’s ugly ” I asked.
“No, I’m just disappointed because you didn’t wait,” she replied. Mom brushed my hair out after I took a shower, and cut gently with her special scissors. It wasn’t perfect, but it was much better.
“All good things come to those who wait,” she said.
20．Lisa thought May’s haircut looked so ________.
A．strict B．busy C．cool D．ugly
21．Lisa’s mother said if Lisa made a mistake, she couldn’t ________.
A．get good grades B．get her hair back on
C．do anything else D．hang out with friends
22．From the passage, we know that Lisa’s school scissors were _________.
A．in her desk B．on her bed C．on the floor D．under the chair
23．Lisa started to cry after cutting hair by herself because _________.
A．her mother cut her hair B．her hair looked perfect
C．she lost her mirror D．her hair seemed worse
24．What could Lisa learn from this experience
A．All things will come to a bad end. B．All good things belong to those who wait.
C．Lisa was angry at her haircut. D．Don’t let mom cut your hair any more.
【答案】20．C 21．B 22．A 23．D 24．B
【解析】本文作者Lisa讲述由于妈妈比较忙，自己用剪刀剪头发，但是剪得很糟糕。妈妈来帮忙补救，告诉Lisa一个道理：一切美好的事物都属于那些等待的人。
20．细节理解题。根据“My friend May had a new haircut. It looked so cool.”可知，May的新发型很酷。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据“If you make a mistake, you can’t get the hair back on.”可知，如果做错了，头发是不会回来的。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据“So I got my school scissors out of my desk.”可知，学校用的剪刀在桌上了。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据“I kept trying to fix things, but the more I cut, the worse my hair became. I started to cry!”可知，她的头发越剪越糟，所以她哭了。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据最后妈妈说的话“All good things come to those who wait”可知，一切美好的事物都属于那些等待的人。故选B。
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重难点07 阅读理解之推理判断
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。
1. 抓好限时训练
通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯
在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧
常见的阅读方法有三种：
（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。
（2）先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。
（3）文——题——文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，并在原文中划出答案出处，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。
4. 积累文化背景知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。
5. 注重长难句的理解
近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。
英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。
高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法
（一）说明文exposition: 说明文用平时的语言客观的解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展中出现的新生事物等。说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例（by giving examples）、分类法(by classification)或类比(by analogy生僻)、对比法(by contrast)。给事物下定义(definition)或分析(analysis)事物产生的原因以及后果(cause and effect)。举例说明使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异；分类展开法强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似；对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物的原因及结果。其实，除了文字说明外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。无论使用哪种说明方法，作者都是为了说明对象的本质特征。
Key:抓事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
（二）议论文argumentation: 议论文是说理性的文章。由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。阅读时，抓住论题和观点就把握了中心，再结合诸多事例和理由之间，以及它们和论点之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。Key: 抓论点。
（三）应用文practical writing:措辞简洁明了，直截了当。是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，目的是向读者传递信息。阅读这类文章要注意细节信息，做题时根据所提问题用寻读，跳读的方法更有效。Key: 抓信息。
（四）记叙文description:记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来的事情经过，包括人物的故事情节，文章内容涉及何人何时何地、为什么、怎么样、干了何事等。这是我们在阅读记叙文首先要了解的，接着按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，就能理解这个故事。记叙文的叙事顺序有顺序和倒叙两种。文章有时会从最重要、最引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追述事情的开端和经过。另外：讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等。在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节要重点关注。Key: 抓住故事情节，理清文中脉络。
A
（2023·天津·统考一模）
In your spare time, do you help your parents with chores (杂活) around the house Can you cook for your family
In order to stress (强调) the importance of hard-working spirit education (劳动教育) among students of different ages, the Communist Party of China Central Committee (中共中央) recently released (发布) a guideline (指导纲要).
The guideline calls for students to respect labor work. Students should learn basic life skills and form good working habits through such education.
The government has been trying to stress the importance of hard-working spirit education. But this has been overlooked (忽视) in recent years. Many teenagers do not value the importance of working hard and aren't interested in doing so.
According to a study of nearly 3,000 students that was done by Ningbo Evening News in March, only 22% of students help with everyday chores around the house.
Schools and families play an important role in teaching students about the value of working hard, the guideline says.
Primary and middle schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every week, according to the guideline. Schools can also hold activities to give students real-world work experience. For example, schools can teach children how to plant trees on Tree-Planting Day.
As children's first teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home. Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.
1．The guideline was released recently in order to ___________.
A．stress the importance of hard-working spirit education
B．ask students to work hard at English and any other subjects
C．teach students how to help their parents do chores at home
D．help students of different ages solve life problems
2．The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refers to ___________.
A．the government B．hard-working spirit education C．basic life skills D．the recently released guideline
3．According to the guideline, schools can ___________.
A．give homework to parents B．give the guideline to every student
C．teach students how to cook in the school D．provide chances of real-world work for students
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．About two thirds of students help with housework at home.
B．Students should master at least three life skills every year.
C．Schools should provide students with hard-working spirit classes every day.
D．Parents should also encourage children to learn how to do chores at home.
5．What is the best title of the passage
A．Spirit of Hard-working Education B．How to Value the Experience
C．The Importance of All Subjects D．How to Do Everyday Chores
B
（2023·江西·统考一模）
Summer Fun at Happy Kids’ Learning Centre
Are you looking for something that can add colour to your summer holiday If yes, here are the summer courses that you cannot miss!
Children Can Cook
The course is to improve children’s knowledge in the kitchen. They will learn basic cooking skills, kitchen safety, and how to buy proper ingredients (原料) and follow steps in recipes (食谱). Children can sit comfortably and eat what they have cooked at the end of each lesson.
Little Writers
The course is divided into two parts. In the first part, children are introduced to famous stories and their writers. In the second part, they are taught to write their own stories. Children also get the chance to write other text types, such as poems and plays.
Acting for Fun
This is a course that lets children enjoy the fun of acting. Through acting and speaking in front of people, children will be more confident. Parents are welcome to watch the performance (演出) given by the children at the end of the course.
Watercolour Painting
This course teaches children the basic skills of painting people and animals. We encourage children to watch, imagine and create their own works.
6．What can children do in the cooking course
A．Sell the food. B．Buy the bowls.
C．Learn how to cook. D．Eat what teachers have cooked.
7．How many parts are there in the writing course
A．One part. B．Two parts. C．Three parts. D．Four parts.
8．Which course should children join if they want to be more confident
A．Acting for Fun. B．Watercolour Painting.
C．Little Writers. D．Children Can Cook.
9．What does the painting course teach
A．The importance of acting.
B．How to buy proper ingredients.
C．Famous stories and their writers.
D．The basic skills of painting people and animals.
10．The purpose of this passage is to encourage children to ________.
A．cook a meal for their parents
B．act with their parents in public
C．join the summer courses at the learning centre
D．read more books during the holiday
C
（2023·江西·统考一模）
As an English, I can speak three languages—English, German and French, so do you think the British people are very good language learners The fact is that they aren’t.
Some statistics (数据) from the survey done by the European Commission (欧盟委员会) showed that 62% of the British people only speak English. 38% speak at least one foreign language and 18% speak two or pared with the British people, 56% of the people in other European countries speak at least one foreign language and 28% speak two or more. From this you can see that the British people are famous for not speaking foreign languages and that they are not good language learners in Europe.
And the survey also showed that English is the most widely-spoken foreign language. Many European people can have a conversation in English. That’s why my people don’t think it is necessary to learn a foreign language.
In Britain, students are not required to learn a foreign language. That means learning a foreign language is only an option at school. In UK schools it is common for children to start learning a foreign language at 11 and many of them give it up at 14. So why don’t students continue learning foreign languages at school Because they think it is more difficult to get good marks in languages than in other subjects such as science or history.
To solve this situation, the British government is looking for different ways to improve language learning at school. One way is to start learning it at a much younger age. Another one is to give school children more choices.
Changing the British attitude (态度) to learning foreign languages may be a hard task but the government decides to try!
11．Which country does the writer come from
A．America. . B．China. . C．Britain. . D．Egypt.
12．Which of the following about the British people is true
A．They are good language learners.
B．62% of them speak two or more languages.
C．They are famous for speaking foreign languages.
D．More than half of them only speak English.
13．According to the passage, students in Britain prefer to learn _____.
A．science or German . B．history or German
C．science or history . D．German or French
14．In Paragraph 4, “an option” means _____.
A．a choice . B．a game . C．a mistake . D．a conversation
15．What is the best title of the passage
A．Speaking English . B．Foreign Language Learning in UK
C．Schools in UK . D．Young English Learners
D
（2023·江苏徐州·统考一模）
When most other teenagers in Texas, America, were wasting time playing computer games, Javier was busy trying to invent new machines. This is something that he has been working on since he was nine years old.
It is even more unusual that he has been successful! In 2015, Javier, only 15 years old then, entered the competition "Invent Your World Challenge", which had a prize of US $20,000. Although there were lots of other good inventions entering into the competition, Javier won the first prize.
Javier calls his invention "VERSATILE"—energy system. It has its own technologies to deal with waste, produce methane and bio-oil as energy to cook or warm houses, grow food for people and animals, get greenhouse gases, and create oxygen. The system actually uses algae（藻类）and the power of the sun to make all this happen!
Javier was born in the USA．His father is from Taiwan, China, while his mother is a Mexican. Javier and his younger brother are home schooled. They have no real vacation. Their study goes on all the year round. Javier loves reading and drawing. He is especially interested in science. He devotes himself to inventing useful machines. He wants to make the world a better place for people less lucky than him and help the poor meet their basic needs. By using simple and inexpensive technology, disadvantaged people all over the world can get clean water, fuel, and food at a low price. All this also helps the environment.
Up till now, Javier Fermander Han is still a great example to young people all over the world.
16．How long has he been working on inventing new machines
A．Since he was fifteen years old. B．Since he was nine years old.
C．Since fifteen years ago. D．Since he entered the primary school.
17．Where does Javier receive education
A．At his own home. B．In a school with his brother.
C．In a Mexican school. D．Around the world.
18．Which is NOT one of the advantages of his invention "VERSATILE"
A．It helps the environment. B．It is to help the disadvantaged people.
C．It is easy to carry and use. D．It uses simple and economical technology.
19．Why is Javier regarded as a great example to young people all over the world
A．Because he is good at using computers and as common as us.
B．Because he has earned a lot of money during his school life.
C．Because he is a top student in school and tries to invent new things.
D．Because he has invented something useful to make our world better.
E
（2022·山东济南·统考二模）
Hi, I am Lisa. My friend May had a new haircut. It looked so cool. When I got home, I asked my mom for a haircut like May’s.
Sadly, she was busy. “First, you have to make your hair wet. Then, you have to brush it out really well. Finally, you have to use special scissors to cut it,” said mom. “If you make a mistake, you can’t get the hair back on. Maybe I can cut it for you on the weekend.”
I went back to my room and looked at my hair in the mirror. I didn’t want to go to school looking like this tomorrow. So I got my school scissors out of my desk.
But mom’s words made me worry a little. I decided to cut just a little hair off.
Snip. Snip, Snip. Some hair fell on the floor. Well, one side seemed shorter than the other.
Snip. Snip, Snip. Look! The other side was shorter!
Snip. Snip, Snip. It was still wrong.
Snip. Snip, Snip. I kept trying to fix things, but the more I cut, the worse my hair became. I started to cry!
Mom walked in. She shook her head without saying anything.
“Are you mad because it’s ugly ” I asked.
“No, I’m just disappointed because you didn’t wait,” she replied. Mom brushed my hair out after I took a shower, and cut gently with her special scissors. It wasn’t perfect, but it was much better.
“All good things come to those who wait,” she said.
20．Lisa thought May’s haircut looked so ________.
A．strict B．busy C．cool D．ugly
21．Lisa’s mother said if Lisa made a mistake, she couldn’t ________.
A．get good grades B．get her hair back on
C．do anything else D．hang out with friends
22．From the passage, we know that Lisa’s school scissors were _________.
A．in her desk B．on her bed C．on the floor D．under the chair
23．Lisa started to cry after cutting hair by herself because _________.
A．her mother cut her hair B．her hair looked perfect
C．she lost her mirror D．her hair seemed worse
24．What could Lisa learn from this experience
A．All things will come to a bad end. B．All good things belong to those who wait.
C．Lisa was angry at her haircut. D．Don’t let mom cut your hair any more.
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