2022 2023学年度第一学期
高三年级期末考试
考生注意：
1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡 上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上 各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
We did a quick survey of New Year traditions around the world, and couldn’t help but notice that the traditions might reflect cultural varieties but the meanings behind them are pretty universal.
Philippines
In Philippines families hold traditional dinner parties called Media Noche to greet the New Year. Circle-shaped fruits are their favorites, such as grapes, oranges and melons, since they look like coins, you know. Filipinos actually try to choose 12 different kinds of fruit to put on the table—one for each month in the New Year.
Make sure you leave some food in your plate. It’s bad luck to start the New Year off as a hungry wolf.
Spain
Many Spaniards will eat 12 fresh grapes at midnight—one with each strike of the clock. Each grape represents a wish for happiness and good luck for every month in the coming year. This “12 grapes in 12 seconds“ custom came from a grape farmer in the Alicante region who wanted to promote his produce about a century ago. The tradition has spread to other countries too with a few adjustments. In Portugal they eat 12 dried grapes. In Peru they eat a thirteenth grape.
Denmark
In Denmark they eat kransekage, a big horn-shaped cake, on New Year’s Eve. When they’re finished with the cake, it’s Danish custom to throw the used plates against the front doors of their friends and neighbors. It’s actually a sign of friendship.
Italy
Pork sausages are usually served on New Year’s Eve in Italy. Italians choose pork because they think pigs are fat and keep moving forward, while other animals, such as chickens or cows, move backward or stand still.
But whatever you eat into the New Year in Italy-pork, fish or chicken-make sure you stay at home. Italians throw old possessions out of the window after midnight as an out-with-the-old, make-room-for-the-new gesture.
1. How many kinds of fruit are usually served at Media Noche
A. 6. B. 8. C. 10. D. 12.
2. Who eat dried grapes at midnight to greet the New Year
A. The Portuguese. B. Spaniards. C. Filipinos. D. Italians.
3. What do the last two traditions have in common
A. Eating special meat.
B. Throwing away old things.
C. Leaving food in plates.
D. Preferring coin-shaped fruits.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地迎新年的习俗。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Philippines一节中“In Philippines families hold traditional dinner parties called Media Noche to greet the New Year. Circle-shaped fruits are their favorites, such as grapes, oranges and melons, since they look like coins, you know. Filipinos actually try to choose 12 different kinds of fruit to put on the table—one for each month in the New Year.(在菲律宾，家家户户会举行传统的“Media Noche”晚宴来迎接新年。圆形的
水果是他们的最爱，比如葡萄、橘子和甜瓜，因为它们看起来像硬币。实际上，菲律宾人会试着选择12种不同的水果放在餐桌
上—新年中的每个月一种。）可知，菲律宾人会在宴席上摆十二种水果，故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题，根据Spain一节中“In Portugal,they eat 12 dried grapes.（在葡萄牙，他们吃12颗干葡萄。）”可知在
午夜吃葡萄干迎接新年的是葡萄牙人。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Denmark-节中“When they’re finished with the cake, it’s Danish custom to throw the used plates against the front doors of their friends and neighbors. It’s actually a sign of friendship.（当他们吃完蛋糕后，丹麦的习俗是把用过的盘子扔向朋友和邻居的前门。这其实是友谊的象征。）及Italy一节中“Italians throw old possessions out of the window after midnight as an out-with-the-old, make-room-for-the-new gesture.(意
大利人会在午夜后把旧物品扔出窗外，以此作为一种抛弃旧物品、为新物品腾出空间的姿态）”可知，这两个国家都有扔旧物迎
新年的习俗。故选B。
B
There is a curious love triangle that sits at the center of the new documentary Fire of Love. It’s between a man, a woman and a volcano. Well, all of them are volcanoes.
Their names might not be especially well-known today, but in the 1970s and ‘80s, French scientists Katia Krafft and Maurice Krafft were very famous for their photographs and writings about the volcanoes. When they died in 1991 on Mount Unzen in Japan, their deaths were covered globally. But their story has somewhat faded in the public memory in the past three decades though Werner Herzog did spotlight them in his 2016 documentary Into the Inferno.
The Kraffts who first bonded over Mount Etna and Mount Stromboli and were married in 1970, witnessed about 140 eruptions on every continent except Antarctica and won an Emmy for their National Geographic documentary Mountains of Fire. They would famously drop everything to get to an active volcano, and were often the first on site. They were also known for their willingness to get dangerously close.
Filmmaker Sara Dosa once met the Kraffts while making an earlier film about Iceland many years ago. In 2020, with the help of Image’ Est, a French museum, and Maurice Krafft’s brother, Bertrand Krafft, Dosa and her team were able to get access to over 180 hours of footage shot by the Kraffts. So Dosa decided to make something about the Kraffts in the true spirit of the Kraffts.
“We wanted to let them play themselves. We see them as the authors of their own story,“ Dosa said. ”This is a co-creation, shot by them and starring them. We’re just stringing together the pieces of their life for the audience to connect with.”
However Fire of Love is anything but a filmed Wikipedia(维基百科)page. Dosa and her team have drawn on the techniques of French New Wave films to help shape the style of their film, including playful multiple screens.
4. Where did Katia Krafft and Maurice Krafft pass away
A. On Mount Etna. B. On Mount Stromboli.
C. On Mount Unzen. D. On Mount Krakatoa.
5. Why were the Kraffts considered as volcanoes
A. They were enthusiastic about studying volcanoes.
B. They were well-known for their short-lived marriage.
C. Their deaths were related to the biggest volcano.
D. Their love story appeared in many volcano books.
6. Who directed the film Fire of Love
A. Bertrand Krafft. B. Sara Dosa. C. Werner Herzog. D. Katia Krafft.
7. What is the text
A. A love story. B. A biography. C. A documentary. D. A film review.
【答案】4 C 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《火山挚恋》这部纪录片。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When they died in 1991 on Mount Unzen in Japan, their deaths were covered globally. (1991年，当他们在日本云仙山去世时，他们的死亡被全球报道。)”可知，蒂亚·克拉夫特和莫里斯·克拉夫特在云仙山去世的。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s between a man, a woman and a volcano. Well, all of them are volcanoes.(这是一个男人，一个女人和一座火山之间的较量。嗯，它们都是火山。)”和第三段“The Kraffts who first bonded over Mount Etna and Mount Stromboli and were married in 1970, witnessed about 140 eruptions on every continent except Antarctica and won an Emmy for their National Geographic documentary Mountains of Fire. They would famously drop everything to get to an active volcano, and were often the first on site. They were also known for their willingness to get dangerously close. (克拉夫特夫妇？1970年，他们在埃特纳火山和斯特龙波里火山结缘，并在除南极洲以外的各大洲见证了大约140次火山喷发，并因《国家地理》纪录片《火山》获得艾美奖。他们会放弃一切去活火山，而且经常是第一个到达现场的。他们还以愿意危险地接近而闻名。)”可知，因为克拉夫特夫妇热衷于研究火山，所以他们被认为是火山。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Filmmaker Sara Dosa once met the Kraffts while making an earlier film about Iceland many years ago. In 2020, with the help of Image’ Est, a French museum, and Maurice Krafft’s brother, Bertrand Krafft, Dosa and her team were able to get access to over 180 hours of footage shot by the Kraffts. So Dosa decided to make something about the Kraffts in the true spirit of the Kraffts.(多年前，电影制作人萨拉·多萨在拍摄一部关于冰岛的电影时遇到了克拉夫特夫妇。2020年，在法国博物馆Image ' Est和莫里斯·克拉夫特的兄弟伯特兰·克拉夫特的帮助下，多萨和她的团队获得了克拉夫特夫妇拍摄的180多个小时的镜头。所以多萨决定做一些关于克拉夫特夫妇真正精神的东西。)”可知，《火山挚恋》是萨拉·多萨执导的。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“There is a curious love triangle that sits at the center of the new documentary Fire of Love. (新纪录片《火山挚恋》的中心是一段奇特的三角恋。)”、最后一段“However, Fire of Love is anything but a filmed Wikipedia(维基百科)page. Dosa and her team have drawn on the techniques of French New Wave films to help shape the style of their film, including playful multiple screens. (然而，《火山挚恋》绝不是一个被拍摄的维基百科页面。多萨和她的团队借鉴了法国新浪潮电影的技术来帮助塑造他们的电影风格，包括好玩的多屏幕。)”及全文可推断，文章主要是电影纪录片《火山挚恋》的影评。故选D。
C
Humans have long been trying to make sense of our place in the universe. Waiting at a launch site in French Guiana NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is the latest step forward in that ancient quest (探索).
Using telescopes, astronomers have seen many galaxies (星系) such as the Andromeda Galaxy and the NGC 3227 Galaxy. So far, the most distant galaxy ever discovered, GN-z11, was spotted by the Hubble Space Telescope. To the untrained eye, it looks like a red blob (小点点), but it’s basically like looking back in time about 13.4 billion years ago. That’s just about 0.4 billion years after the Big Bang.
“Hubble is limited in how far back in time it can look, so finding this one was just a lucky break,” says Marusa Bradac, an astronomer at the University of California. “Astronomers only spotted it because decades of using Hubble have let them cover much of the sky, and this particular early galaxy is surprisingly bright although it is 25 times smaller than the Milky Way Galaxy and has just one percent of its mass.”
Already, with that one galaxy, we’ve started to question some of our assumptions about how galaxies grow. The powerful, $ 10 billion James Webb Space Telescope has technology that should let it see back to 0.1 ~0.2 billion years after the Big Bang, the period when the very first galaxies possibly formed.
“If all go well, the James Webb Space Telescope will help us to build up the story of how the first galaxies ever formed and how they grew into galaxies we see today and we live in today,” says Bradac. “But the chances of seeing those first born stars with the new telescope are small. There’s maybe even more of a chance that we might see some of those stars explode. Such information can help us understand how galaxies formed and changed into the familiar shapes and structures seen today. That’s what’s amazing about the new telescope.”
8. When did the Big Bang take place
A Around 13.0 billion years ago.
B. Around 13.4 billion years ago.
C. Around 13.6 billion years ago.
D. Around 13.8 billion years ago.
9. What does the underlined words “this one” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The Milky Way Galaxy. B. The GN-z11 Galaxy.
C. The Andromeda Galaxy. D. The NGC 3227 Galaxy.
10. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. The great potential of the new telescope.
B. The need for new scientific breakthroughs.
C. The cost of the James Webb Space Telescope.
D. The importance of the Hubble Space Telescope.
11. What can the new telescope most likely help scientists do according to Bradac
A. Find the first born star in the universe.
B. Witness the occurring of the Big Bang.
C. See the explosion of some of the first born stars.
D. Get a complete understanding of the universe.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了NASA正准备发射的韦伯天文望远镜。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“To the untrained eye, it looks like a red blob (小点点), but it’s basically like looking back in time about 13.4 billion years ago. That’s just about 0.4 billion years after the Big Bang.(对于未经训练的人来说，它看起来像一个红色的斑点，但基本上就像是在134亿年前的时光中回顾。那是在大爆炸后大约4亿年)”可知，大爆炸发生的时间距现在大约4+134=138亿年，即大爆炸大约发生在138亿年前。故选D项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“So far, the most distant galaxy ever discovered, GN-z11, was spotted by the Hubble Space Telescope.(迄今为止，哈勃太空望远镜发现了有史以来最遥远的星系GN-z11)”以及第三段“Hubble is limited in how far back in time it can look, so finding this one was just a lucky break,(哈勃望远镜的时间跨度有限，所以找到this one只是一次幸运的突破)”可知，this one指代的是哈勃望远镜发现的GN-z11星系。故选B项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The powerful, $ 10 billion James Webb Space Telescope has technology that should let it see back to 0.1 ~0.2 billion years after the Big Bang, the period when the very first galaxies possibly formed.(耗资100亿美元的强大詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜拥有技术，可以让它追溯到大爆炸后1~2亿年，也就是最早的星系可能形成的时期)”可知，第四段主要介绍了韦伯望远镜的巨大潜力。故选A项。
11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“But the chances of seeing those first born stars with the new telescope are small. There’s maybe even more of a chance that we might see some of those stars explode.(但用新望远镜看到这些初生恒星的机会很小。我们也许有更多的机会看到其中一些恒星爆炸)”可知，Bradac认为韦伯天文望远镜很可能会帮助科学家观测到早期诞生的恒星爆炸。故选C项。
D
Be it sugar or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces a “feel-good” chemical called dopamine. It first brings about pleasure, but it doesn’t last very long. It is then followed by pain so that we have to search for the pleasurable things again.
“This cycle of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans when we had to constantly search for our basic needs-food, water, shelter,” says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School researcher. “But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life.”
In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. Otherwise, the cycle will lead us to anxiety, depression and many other problems.
“This is a universal problem—not one limited to those struggling with the disease of addiction. If we want to stay mentally healthy, we must rethink how to break the cycle in a dopamine-overloaded world,” says Lembke.
Her suggestions for the addicts
Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure. This doesn’t mean going cold turkey forever. But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. Then re-introduce the pleasurable things little by little, like just a few bites of ice cream at a time or just one hour online a night.
Another strategy is to create physical distance between us and our addiction. That could mean just removing the addictive thing from our personal space. For someone who’s addicted to video games, that could mean a separate laptop for work and one for play.
“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise,” Lembke says. “By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term.”
12. What can we learn about dopamine from the text
A. It has always been harmful to humans.
B. It gives us less joy for the same rewards.
C. It can be caused by anything available.
D. It can lead to a lasting good feeling.
13. What do the underlined words “going cold turkey” probably mean
A. Abandoning. B. Waiting. C. Cooking. D. Repeating.
14. What does Dr. Anna Lembke suggest we do in the long term
A. Avoid pleasure in life.
B. Set a strict limit on pleasurable things.
C. Change reward pathways.
D. Expose ourselves to repeated rewards.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Ways to Live With Dopamine in Peace
B. Tips on Getting Rid of Social Media Addiction
C. Strategies for Making Most of the Modern Life
D. The Need to Strike a Pleasure-pain Balance
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上瘾的机制及戒瘾的办法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life. (但我们的大脑并没有调整到能够扑灭‘多巴胺之火’，这种‘多巴胺之火’是由现代生活中很容易获得的快乐事物引起的)”，以及第三段“In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. (此外，当我们反复接触能带来快乐的事物时，我们就无法从同样的奖励中获得快乐。相反，我们需要越来越强的刺激来让自己感觉良好)”可知，因为多巴胺，同样的回报却给我们更少的快乐。故选B项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第六段的划线词前一句“Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure.(从我们赖以获得快乐的一切事物中抽出30天时间休息)”及划线词后“But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. (但第一个月是打破快乐—痛苦循环的关键，一开始就完全戒掉上瘾行为要容易得多)”可知，going cold turkey与后句中的cut out意思相同，意为“戒掉”，与Abandoning(中止，放弃)意思相近，故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句“By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term. (通过这样做，我们将重置奖励途径，最终会更快乐。这并不容易，但从长远来看是值得做的)”可知, 从长远来看，Dr.Anna Lembke建议我们应该改变奖励途径，才能让自己长久感到幸福。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise, (在生活富足的时候，我们必须保持快乐和痛苦的平衡，这意味着有意地避免快乐，寻求那种让我们保持健康的有目的的痛苦，比如锻炼)”可知，控制上瘾最根本的一条还是能在苦与乐之间取得一种微妙的平衡。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the past century, science has made lots of advances in understanding the meanings of body language. Here are some of the most useful findings.
Open palm(手掌)
Have you noticed how someone swears to tell the truth in a court of law He usually puts one hand on a religious book and raises the other hand into the air, palm facing whoever he is speaking to. He does this because an open palm has been associated with truth and honesty throughout our history. ___16___ . So we cannot be a threat to anyone.
Finger pointing
If someone is closing their palm and pointing with their index finger, then he is trying to display power, though it doesn’t always work out. Psychologists say, the pointed finger is used like a symbolic stick with which the speaker tries to beat his listeners. ___17___ .
Forced smile
Researchers say, smile is all about the lines around the eyes. ___18___ . If he is trying to force a smile, you won’t see the lines and the facial expression tends to be very awkward. Making a genuine smile-also known as a Duchenne smile-is nearly impossible to do on command. So look for a lack of lines around the eyes to detect a forced smile.
___19___
In the same way that real smiles shape the lines around the eyes, worry, shock or fear can cause people to raise their eyebrows in discomfort. So if someone praises your new hairstyle or clothes with his eyebrows raised, he or she may not be sincere.
Crossed arms
___20___ While crossed arms typically indicate that someone is closed off, people are also more likely to cross their arms when it’s cold and when their chair doesn’t have an armrest. Be aware of the environment before making a decision or changing strategy based on these types of behaviors.
A. Lowered eyebrows
B. Raised eyebrows
C. When he is just pretending to smile, they don’t
D. We also use this gesture to show that our hands are empty
E. When someone is smiling joyfully, a lot of lines will appear
F. Therefore it usually leads to negative feelings in the audience
G. It’s easy to detect body-language signs, but it’s important to be aware of the context
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. E 19. B 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解读了几个常见的肢体语言的含义。
【16题详解】
根据后句“So we cannot be a threat to anyone. (所以我们不能对任何人构成威胁。)”及常识可知，张开手掌这个姿势表示我们手是空的，所以不能对任何人构成威胁。所以选择项D“We also use this gesture to show that our hands are empty(我们也用这个手势来表示我们的手是空的)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据上句“Psychologists say, the pointed finger is used like a symbolic stick with which the speaker tries to beat his listeners. (心理学家说，竖着的手指就像一根象征性的棍子，说话者试图用它来打击听众。)”可知，竖着手指是打击听众，从而会使观众产生负面情绪。所以选择项F“Therefore, it usually leads to negative feelings in the audience (所以这通常会导致观众产生负面情绪)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据前句“Researchers say, smile is all about the lines around the eyes.(研究人员表示，微笑与眼睛周围的纹路有关。)”和后句“If he is trying to force a smile, you won’t see the lines and the facial expression tends to be very awkward. (如果他试图强颜欢笑，你就看不出他的纹路，他的面部表情也会很尴尬。)”可知，真正会心笑的时候，眼圈周围会出现大量的鱼尾纹。所以选择项E“When someone is smiling joyfully, a lot of lines will appear (当一个人快乐地微笑时，会出现很多纹路。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
【19题详解】
这里为本段小标题。根据下文“In the same way that real smiles shape the lines around the eyes, worry, shock or fear can cause people to raise their eyebrows in discomfort. So if someone praises your new hairstyle or clothes with his eyebrows raised, he or she may not be sincere. (就像真正的微笑会塑造眼睛周围的皱纹一样，担心、震惊或恐惧也会让人不舒服地扬起眉毛。所以，如果有人扬起眉毛称赞你的新发型或新衣服，他或她可能不是真心的。)”可知，作者的目的是教读者如何辨别假恭维：只有口是心非、担心露马脚时，眉毛才会扬起来。所以选择项B“Raised eyebrows (扬起眉毛)”作为本段小标题最为合适。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据后文“While crossed arms typically indicate that someone is closed off, people are also more likely to cross their arms when it’s cold and when their chair doesn’t have an armrest. Be aware of the environment before making a decision or changing strategy based on these types of behaviors. (双臂交叉通常表明某人对外界很封闭，但当天气寒冷或椅子没有扶手时，人们也更有可能交叉双臂。在根据这些类型的行为做出决定或改变策略之前，要了解环境。)”可知，解读身体语言时不能太教条，应该兼顾当时的具体环境才有意义。所以选择项G“It’s easy to detect body-language signs, but it’s important to be aware of the context (肢体语言信号很容易察觉，但了解语境也很重要)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Our church has a way of helping those who have financial difficulties without making them feel shame or guilt. It just puts the donated money in a(n) ___21___ without the giver’s name. The envelope is then sent to the ___22___ mailbox.
There came a time when my husband and I were among those in need of help. We did not ___23___ our financial problem with our children since we did not want to ___24___ them with a problem they could do nothing to solve. ___25___ they knew it because they were ___26___ that we had to cut back on many necessary things.
Our situations kept ___27___ . Just as we reached the ___28___ point, we found a gift envelope in our mailbox. We were extremely ___29___ for the help and kept ____30____ who had given us such a generous gift.
A year later, our 17-year-old son had to ____31____ a student loan so he could attend university. It was then we discovered that his ____32____ was almost empty. His father and I were very ____33____ because we had trusted him to put part of his ____34____ from his part-time job into the bank for his ____35____ . From the time he was nine years old he had been a paper carrier for a local newspaper, and he had ____36____ very hard. I asked him ____37____ where the money had gone. At first, he ____38____ to tell me. But I would not let him alone. Finally, my son ____39____ that the year before he had put his savings in the envelope to help his ____40____ and me.
21. A. book B. envelope C. box D. office
22. A. banker’s B. manager’s C. receiver’s D. borrower’s
23. A. discuss B. deal C. teach D. see
24. A. provide B. please C. meet D. burden
25. A. So B. Or C. But D. And
26. A. aware B. glad C. optimistic D. lucky
27. A. improving B. worsening C. changing D. developing
28. A. balanc ng B. cutting C. starting D. breaking
29. A. grateful B. sad C. kind D. angry
30. A. announcing B. helping C. hoping D. wonder ng
31. A. pay back B. apply for C. turn down D. give up
32. A. room B. schoolbag C. account D. note
33. A. disturbed B. relieved C. excited D. delighted
34. A. efforts B. savings C. talent D. energy
35. A. food B. house C. education D. marriage
36. A. cried B. run C. thought D. worked
37. A. casually B. occasionally C. repeatedly D. secretly
38. A. offered B. decided C. wanted D. refused
39. A. apologized B. admitted C. complained D. remembered
40. A. father B. sister C. teacher D. friend
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的儿子用自己打零工赚来的钱暗中帮助父母渡过难关的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它只是把捐赠的钱放在一个信封里，没有捐赠者的名字。A. book书；B. envelope信封；C. box盒子；D. office办公室。根据“Our church has a way of helping those who have financial difficulties without making them feel shame or guilt.”和“The envelope is then sent to the ___2___ mailbox.”可知，教会为了不让接受帮助的人难堪，把捐助的钱放在一个信封里。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词所有格词义辨析。句意：然后将信封发送到收件人的邮箱。A. banker’s银行家的；B. manager’s经理的；C. receiver’s受助者的；D. borrower’s借用人的。根据“It just puts the donated money in a(n) ___1___ without the giver’s name.”可知，捐助的钱放在信封里，送到接受帮助者的邮箱里。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们没有和孩子们讨论我们的经济问题，因为我们不想让一个他们无力解决的问题给他们带来负担。A. discuss讨论；B. deal对付；C. teach教；D. see看见。根据“There came a time when my husband and I were among those in need of help”可知，有段时间，作者夫妇也遇到了困难。但是他们没有和孩子们讨论他们的困难。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们没有和孩子们讨论我们的经济问题，因为我们不想让一个他们无力解决的问题给他们带来负担。A. provide提供；B. please请；C. meet遇到；D. burden担负。根据“We did not ___3___ our financial problem with our children”可知，因为作者夫妇不想给孩子们增加心理负担。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但他们知道这一点，因为他们知道我们不得不削减许多必要的东西。A. So因此；B. Or或者；C. But但是；D. And和。根据“they knew it because they were ___6___ that we had to cut back on many necessary things.”可知，前后句为转折关系。虽然作者夫妇不想让孩子知道，但孩子们却感觉到了。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们知道这一点，因为他们知道我们不得不削减许多必要的东西。A. aware意识到；B. glad高兴的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. lucky幸运的。根据“we had to cut back on many necessary things.”可知，孩子们却感觉到了，因为作者收紧了家里的开支。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的处境不断恶化。A. improving提升；B. worsening恶化；C. changing改变；D. developing发展。根据“Just as we reached the ___8___ point, we found a gift envelope in our mailbox.”可知，作者家里的情况继续恶化着。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在我们快要崩溃的时候，我们在邮箱里发现了一个礼物信封。A. balancing平衡；B. cutting砍；C. starting开始；D. breaking打破。the breaking point 意为“崩溃点”。 根据“we found a gift envelope in our mailbox.”可知，正当他们感到自己快支持不住时，他们收到了一只装有一大笔钱的信封。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们对他的帮助非常感激，一直在想是谁给了我们这么慷慨的礼物。A. grateful感激的；B. sad难过的；C. kind善良的；D. angry生气的。根据“and kept ___10___ who had given us such a generous gift.”可知，受到帮助，他们当然心存感激。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们对他的帮助非常感激，一直在想是谁给了我们这么慷慨的礼物。A. announcing宣布；B. helping帮助；C. hoping希望；D. wondering想知道。根据“who had given us such a generous gift.”可知，同时他们也想知道是谁如此大方。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一年后，我们17岁的儿子为了上大学不得不申请学生贷款。A. pay back回报；B. apply for申请；C. turn down拒绝；D. give up放弃。根据“It was then we discovered that his ___12___ was almost empty.”可知，因为账户没钱，所以作者的儿子要申请贷款上大学。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时我们才发现他的账户几乎空了。A. room房间；B. schoolbag书包；C. account账户；D. note笔记。根据“His father and I were very ___13___ because we had trusted him to put part of his ___14___ from his part-time job into the bank for his ___15___ .”可知，这时候，作者才发现儿子的银行账户里几无存款。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲和我感到非常不安，因为我们曾信任他，让他把兼职工作的一部分积蓄存入银行，用于他的教育。A. disturbed打扰；B. relieved减轻；C. excited激动；D. delighted高兴。根据“because we had trusted him to put part of his ___14___ from his part-time job into the bank for his ___15___ .”可知，他们感到十分不安。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲和我感到非常不安，因为我们曾信任他，让他把兼职工作的一部分积蓄存入银行，用于他的教育。A. efforts努力；B. savings储蓄；C. talent才能；D. energy精力。根据“from his part-time job into the bank for his ___15___ .”可知，因为她一直以为儿子把打零工赚的一部分钱作为教育费用存了起来。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲和我感到非常不安，因为我们曾信任他，让他把兼职工作的一部分积蓄存入银行，用于他的教育。A. food食物；B. house房子；C. education教育；D. marriage婚姻。根据“A year later, our 17-year-old son had to ___11___ a student loan so he could attend university.”可知，儿子存钱是为了故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从9岁起，他就为当地一家报纸送纸，工作非常努力。A. cried哭；B. run跑；C. thought思考；D. worked工作。根据“From the time he was nine years old he had been a paper carrier for a local newspaper,”可知，从九岁起，作者的儿子就开始送报，并且工作很努力。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一再问他钱到哪里去了。A. casually随便地；B. occasionally偶尔地；C. repeatedly 反复地；D. secretly秘密地。根据“At first, he ___18___ to tell me. But I would not let him alone.”可知，作者反复地追问儿子把钱用到什么地方去了。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，他拒绝告诉我。A. offered提供；B. decided决定；C. wanted想要；D. refused拒绝。根据“But I would not let him alone.”可知，开始的时候，孩子拒绝回答。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我儿子承认，前年他把自己的积蓄放在信封里，是为了帮助他父亲和我。A. apologized道歉；B. admitted承认；C. complained抱怨；D. remembered记得。根据“the year before he had put his savings in the envelope to help his ___20___ and me.”可知，最后，被逼无奈，只好承认他把那钱送给爸爸和妈妈了。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我儿子承认，前年他把自己的积蓄放在信封里，是为了帮助他父亲和我。A. father父亲；B. sister妹妹；C. teacher老师；D. friend朋友。根据“There came a time when my husband and I were among those in need of help.”可知，儿子的储蓄是为了帮助爸爸和妈妈。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题L5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Thursday, the 18th-century Rhode Island farmhouse that inspired the 2013 horror movie The Conjuring ___41___ (sell) to a Boston house developer, Jacqueline Nunez, for $ 1. 525 million. Nunez and Jennifer Heinzen, ___42___seller, jointly announced the sale on Facebook.
Nunez plans to continue the business ___43___ (start) by Heinzen. Guests will be able to continue the nightly explorations there. Day-time tours will resume (恢复) soon.
“This purchase is personal for me,” Nunez told The Boston Globe. “It’s around my own ___44___ (curious). Since I was a child, I ___45___ (be) in love with horror movies, like The Conjuring. I look forward to experiencing strange things in the house.”
However, one of the conditions in the contract is ___46___ the new owner will not live in the house year-round. “Because the energy is so powerful,” Heinzen told The Boston Globe later. “It is intended ___47___ (protect) the buyer.”
The Conjuring wasn’t filmed in the house but was based on the ___48___ (experience) of a few families that lived there in the 1970s.
“I’m not afraid ___49___ the house,” she said. “I don’t think the energy here is ___50___(harm). Things that will happen here may frighten me, but will not hurt me.”
【答案】41. was sold
42. the 43. started
44. curiosity
45. have been
46. that 47. to protect
48. experiences
49. of 50. harmful
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了上周四，罗德岛上的一栋著名的鬼屋卖出了天价。
【41题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：上周四，18世纪的启发了2013年恐怖电影《招魂》的罗德岛农舍以152.5万美元的价格卖给了一位波士顿的房屋开发商杰奎琳·努涅斯。根据时间状语Last Thursday可知，句子应用一般过去时，sell与主语the 18th-century Rhode Island farmhouse之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语the 18th-century Rhode Island farmhouse是单数，be动词应用was。故填was sold。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：努涅斯和卖家珍妮弗·海因岑在脸书上共同宣布了此次出售。结合语意，seller指的是上文中的Jennifer Heinzen，空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：努涅斯计划继续海因岑开创的业务。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，start与逻辑主语the business之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填started。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是围绕着我自己的好奇心。空处用于形容词性物主代词my之后，应用名词形式curiosity，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
【45题详解】
考查时态。句意：从我小时候起，我就爱上了恐怖电影，比如《招魂》。句中since表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，主句应用现在完成时，主语是I，谓语动词应用have been。故填have been。
【46题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：然而，合同中的一个条件是，新主人将不会全年住在房子里。分析句子结构，空处引导表语从句，从句结构以及句意完整，应用连词that引导从句。故填that。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这是为了保护买家。be intended to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“打算做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to protect。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：《招魂》并不是在这座房子里拍摄的，而是根据19世纪70年代居住在那里的几个家庭的经历拍摄的。结合语意，句中experience表示“经历”，为可数名词，此处表示几个家庭的经历，应用名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填experiences。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：“我不怕房子，”她说。be afraid of为固定短语，表示“害怕”，所以空处应用介词of。故填of。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我不认为这里的能量是有害的。分析句子结构，空处应用形容词形式作表语，根据下文“Things that will happen here may frighten me, but will not hurt me.”可知，此处表示不认为这里的能量是有害的，空处应用形容词harmful，表示“有害的”，符合题意。故填harmful。
第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
As we are spending more and more time online, both our teachers or parents are increasingly worried about the possibly side effects of the Internet.
But increased use of the Internet is not necessarily good or worse. It becomes unhealthy only when it starts replacing with such important things as physical activities and avoiding friends and families. If our schools and families only focus the amount of screen time, they’re concentrating on the wrong things. What matters are how we spend our time online. Actually, spending more time online may be beneficial for them if we can use the Internet properly. We can learn such things as search for important information and communicating with different persons, who are very important life skills in the future.
【答案】1.or→and 2.possibly→possible 3.worse→bad 4.删除with 5.在focus后加on/upon
6.things→thing 7.are→is 8.them→us 9.search→searching 10.who→which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了使用互联网的利弊及如何正确使用互联网。
【详解】1.考查连词。句意：随着我们花在越来越多的时间上，我们的老师和家长都越来越担心互联网可能产生的副作用。both…and…表示“……和……（两者都）”，为固定搭配。故将or改为and。
2.考查形容词。句意：随着我们花在越来越多的时间上，我们的老师和家长都越来越担心互联网可能产生的副作用。possibly为副词，修饰名词词组“side effects”用形容词possible修饰，故将possibly改为possible。
3.考查形容词原级。句意：但互联网使用量的增加并不一定是好事或坏事。结合句意可知，此处没有比较的含义，应用形容词原级bad，与原级形容词good构成选择关系。故将worse改为bad。
4.考查及物动词用法。句意：只有当它开始取代体育活动和避开朋友和家人等重要事物时，它才会变得不健康。replace意为“代替，取代”为及物动词，可直接跟宾语，介词with多余。故删除with。
5.考查介词。句意：如果我们的学校和家庭只关注屏幕时间，他们就会专注于错误的事情。focus on/upon为固定搭配，意为“关注”。故focus后加on/upon。
6.考查名词。句意：如果我们的学校和家庭只关注屏幕时间，他们就会专注于错误的事情。根据句意可知，家长和老师担心和关注的是屏幕时间问题，是一件事情，为单数，故将things改为thing。
7.考查主谓一致。句意：重要的是我们如何在网上度过我们的时间。what引导从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，故将are改为is。
8.考查代词。句意：实际上，如果我们能够正确使用互联网，花更多的时间上网可能对我们有益。根据下文“if we can use the Internet properly”及语境可知，句子主语为“we”，介词for后应为us。故将them改为us。
9.考查动名词。句意：我们可以学习诸如搜索重要信息和与不同人交流之类的东西，这些是未来非常重要的生活技能。句中as为介词，其后应用动名词做宾语。故将search改为searching。
10.考查关系代词。句意：我们可以学习诸如搜索重要信息和与不同人交流之类的东西，这些是未来非常重要的生活技能。分析句子可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面提到的事情“searching for important information and communicating with different persons”，关系词将其代入定语从句中做主语，应用关系代词which引导。故将who改为which。
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华，你的朋友Tom来信说，近来他经常感到心烦易怒。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示安慰；
2.提出建议。
注意：1.词数10左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】Dear Tom,
I’m sorry to know that you tend to be upset and annoyed these days. In fact, it’s a common phenomenon for teenagers especially before an exam, so you don’t have to worry a lot. The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret. Here are some useful tips.
First of all, I suggest that you talk to someone you trust about how you feel, which is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. What’s more, you’d better keep optimistic about your future. A positive attitude towards life can be helpful in cheering you up. It is also a good idea to go outdoors and play team games with your friends because physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.
Hopefully, you will find my advice helpful. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友Tom写一份回信，针对Tom近来他经常感到心烦易怒的现象，表示安慰，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
倾向于做：tend to do →have a tendency to do
事实上：in fact →as a matter of fact
建议：tips →suggestions
此外：what’s more →besides
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：First of all, I suggest that you talk to someone you trust about how you feel, which is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.
拓展句：Firstly, my suggestion is that you talk to someone you trust about how you feel, which is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, I suggest that you talk to someone you trust about how you feel, which is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略关系代词的限制性定语从句，how引导的宾语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句，动名词作介宾。）
【高分句型2】It is also a good idea to go outdoors and play team games with your friends because physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.（运用了it作形式主语，动词不定式作主语，because引导原因状语从句，动词不定式作后置定语。）2022 2023学年度第一学期
高三年级期末考试
考生注意：
1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡 上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上 各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
We did a quick survey of New Year traditions around the world, and couldn’t help but notice that the traditions might reflect cultural varieties but the meanings behind them are pretty universal.
Philippines
In Philippines families hold traditional dinner parties called Media Noche to greet the New Year. Circle-shaped fruits are their favorites, such as grapes, oranges and melons, since they look like coins, you know. Filipinos actually try to choose 12 different kinds of fruit to put on the table—one for each month in the New Year.
Make sure you leave some food in your plate. It’s bad luck to start the New Year off as a hungry wolf.
Spain
Many Spaniards will eat 12 fresh grapes at midnight—one with each strike of the clock. Each grape represents a wish for happiness and good luck for every month in the coming year. This “12 grapes in 12 seconds“ custom came from a grape farmer in the Alicante region who wanted to promote his produce about a century ago. The tradition has spread to other countries too with a few adjustments. In Portugal they eat 12 dried grapes. In Peru they eat a thirteenth grape.
Denmark
In Denmark they eat kransekage, a big horn-shaped cake, on New Year’s Eve. When they’re finished with the cake, it’s Danish custom to throw the used plates against the front doors of their friends and neighbors. It’s actually a sign of friendship.
Italy
Pork sausages are usually served on New Year’s Eve in Italy. Italians choose pork because they think pigs are fat and keep moving forward, while other animals, such as chickens or cows, move backward or stand still.
But whatever you eat into the New Year in Italy-pork, fish or chicken-make sure you stay at home. Italians throw old possessions out of the window after midnight as an out-with-the-old, make-room-for-the-new gesture.
1. How many kinds of fruit are usually served at Media Noche
A. 6. B. 8. C. 10. D. 12.
2. Who eat dried grapes at midnight to greet the New Year
A. The Portuguese. B. Spaniards. C. Filipinos. D. Italians.
3. What do the last two traditions have in common
A. Eating special meat.
B. Throwing away old things.
C. Leaving food in plates.
D. Preferring coin-shaped fruits.
B
There is a curious love triangle that sits at the center of the new documentary Fire of Love. It’s between a man, a woman and a volcano. Well, all of them are volcanoes.
Their names might not be especially well-known today, but in the 1970s and ‘80s, French scientists Katia Krafft and Maurice Krafft were very famous for their photographs and writings about the volcanoes. When they died in 1991 on Mount Unzen in Japan, their deaths were covered globally. But their story has somewhat faded in the public memory in the past three decades though Werner Herzog did spotlight them in his 2016 documentary Into the Inferno.
The Kraffts who first bonded over Mount Etna and Mount Stromboli and were married in 1970, witnessed about 140 eruptions on every continent except Antarctica and won an Emmy for their National Geographic documentary Mountains of Fire. They would famously drop everything to get to an active volcano, and were often the first on site. They were also known for their willingness to get dangerously close.
Filmmaker Sara Dosa once met the Kraffts while making an earlier film about Iceland many years ago. In 2020, with the help of Image’ Est, a French museum, and Maurice Krafft’s brother, Bertrand Krafft, Dosa and her team were able to get access to over 180 hours of footage shot by the Kraffts. So Dosa decided to make something about the Kraffts in the true spirit of the Kraffts.
“We wanted to let them play themselves. We see them as the authors of their own story,“ Dosa said. ”This is a co-creation, shot by them and starring them. We’re just stringing together the pieces of their life for the audience to connect with.”
However, Fire of Love is anything but a filmed Wikipedia(维基百科)page. Dosa and her team have drawn on the techniques of French New Wave films to help shape the style of their film, including playful multiple screens.
4. Where did Katia Krafft and Maurice Krafft pass away
A. On Mount Etna. B. On Mount Stromboli.
C. On Mount Unzen. D. On Mount Krakatoa.
5. Why were the Kraffts considered as volcanoes
A. They were enthusiastic about studying volcanoes.
B. They were well-known for their short-lived marriage.
C. Their deaths were related to the biggest volcano.
D. Their love story appeared in many volcano books.
6. Who directed the film Fire of Love
A Bertrand Krafft. B. Sara Dosa. C. Werner Herzog. D. Katia Krafft.
7 What is the text
A. A love story. B. A biography. C. A documentary. D. A film review.
C
Humans have long been trying to make sense of our place in the universe. Waiting at a launch site in French Guiana NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is the latest step forward in that ancient quest (探索).
Using telescopes, astronomers have seen many galaxies (星系) such as the Andromeda Galaxy and the NGC 3227 Galaxy. So far, the most distant galaxy ever discovered, GN-z11, was spotted by the Hubble Space Telescope. To the untrained eye, it looks like a red blob (小点点), but it’s basically like looking back in time about 13.4 billion years ago. That’s just about 0.4 billion years after the Big Bang.
“Hubble is limited in how far back in time it can look, so finding this one was just a lucky break,” says Marusa Bradac, an astronomer at the University of California. “Astronomers only spotted it because decades of using Hubble have let them cover much of the sky, and this particular early galaxy is surprisingly bright although it is 25 times smaller than the Milky Way Galaxy and has just one percent of its mass.”
Already, with that one galaxy, we’ve started to question some of our assumptions about how galaxies grow. The powerful, $ 10 billion James Webb Space Telescope has technology that should let it see back to 0.1 ~0.2 billion years after the Big Bang, the period when the very first galaxies possibly formed.
“If all go well, the James Webb Space Telescope will help us to build up the story of how the first galaxies ever formed and how they grew into galaxies we see today and we live in today,” says Bradac. “But the chances of seeing those first born stars with the new telescope are small. There’s maybe even more of a chance that we might see some of those stars explode. Such information can help us understand how galaxies formed and changed into the familiar shapes and structures seen today. That’s what’s amazing about the new telescope.”
8. When did the Big Bang take place
A. Around 13.0 billion years ago.
B. Around 13.4 billion years ago.
C. Around 13.6 billion years ago.
D. Around 13.8 billion years ago.
9. What does the underlined words “this one” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. The Milky Way Galaxy. B. The GN-z11 Galaxy.
C. The Andromeda Galaxy. D. The NGC 3227 Galaxy.
10. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. The great potential of the new telescope.
B. The need for new scientific breakthroughs.
C The cost of the James Webb Space Telescope.
D. The importance of the Hubble Space Telescope.
11. What can the new telescope most likely help scientists do according to Bradac
A. Find the first born star in the universe.
B. Witness the occurring of the Big Bang.
C. See the explosion of some of the first born stars.
D. Get a complete understanding of the universe.
D
Be it sugar or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces a “feel-good” chemical called dopamine. It first brings about pleasure, but it doesn’t last very long. It is then followed by pain so that we have to search for the pleasurable things again.
“This cycle of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans when we had to constantly search for our basic needs-food, water, shelter,” says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School researcher. “But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life.”
In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. Otherwise, the cycle will lead us to anxiety, depression and many other problems.
“This is a universal problem—not one limited to those struggling with the disease of addiction. If we want to stay mentally healthy, we must rethink how to break the cycle in a dopamine-overloaded world,” says Lembke.
Her suggestions for the addicts
Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure. This doesn’t mean going cold turkey forever. But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. Then re-introduce the pleasurable things little by little, like just a few bites of ice cream at a time or just one hour online a night.
Another strategy is to create physical distance between us and our addiction. That could mean just removing the addictive thing from our personal space. For someone who’s addicted to video games, that could mean a separate laptop for work and one for play.
“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise,” Lembke says. “By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term.”
12. What can we learn about dopamine from the text
A. It has always been harmful to humans.
B. It gives us less joy for the same rewards.
C. It can be caused by anything available.
D. It can lead to a lasting good feeling.
13. What do the underlined words “going cold turkey” probably mean
A. Abandoning. B. Waiting. C. Cooking. D. Repeating.
14. What does Dr. Anna Lembke suggest we do in the long term
A. Avoid pleasure in life.
B. Set a strict limit on pleasurable things.
C. Change reward pathways.
D. Expose ourselves to repeated rewards.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Ways to Live With Dopamine in Peace
B. Tips on Getting Rid of Social Media Addiction
C. Strategies for Making Most of the Modern Life
D. The Need to Strike a Pleasure-pain Balance
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the past century, science has made lots of advances in understanding the meanings of body language. Here are some of the most useful findings.
Open palm(手掌)
Have you noticed how someone swears to tell the truth in a court of law He usually puts one hand on a religious book and raises the other hand into the air, palm facing whoever he is speaking to. He does this because an open palm has been associated with truth and honesty throughout our history. ___16___ . So we cannot be a threat to anyone.
Finger pointing
If someone is closing their palm and pointing with their index finger, then he is trying to display power, though it doesn’t always work out. Psychologists say, the pointed finger is used like a symbolic stick with which the speaker tries to beat his listeners. ___17___ .
Forced smile
Researchers say, smile is all about the lines around the eyes. ___18___ . If he is trying to force a smile, you won’t see the lines and the facial expression tends to be very awkward. Making a genuine smile-also known as a Duchenne smile-is nearly impossible to do on command. So look for a lack of lines around the eyes to detect a forced smile.
___19___
In the same way that real smiles shape the lines around the eyes, worry, shock or fear can cause people to raise their eyebrows in discomfort. So if someone praises your new hairstyle or clothes with his eyebrows raised, he or she may not be sincere.
Crossed arms
___20___ While crossed arms typically indicate that someone is closed off, people are also more likely to cross their arms when it’s cold and when their chair doesn’t have an armrest. Be aware of the environment before making a decision or changing strategy based on these types of behaviors.
A. Lowered eyebrows
B. Raised eyebrows
C. When he is just pretending to smile, they don’t
D. We also use this gesture to show that our hands are empty
E. When someone is smiling joyfully, a lot of lines will appear
F. Therefore it usually leads to negative feelings in the audience
G. It’s easy to detect body-language signs, but it’s important to be aware of the context
第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Our church has a way of helping those who have financial difficulties without making them feel shame or guilt. It just puts the donated money in a(n) ___21___ without the giver’s name. The envelope is then sent to the ___22___ mailbox.
There came a time when my husband and I were among those in need of help. We did not ___23___ our financial problem with our children since we did not want to ___24___ them with a problem they could do nothing to solve. ___25___ they knew it because they were ___26___ that we had to cut back on many necessary things.
Our situations kept ___27___ . Just as we reached the ___28___ point, we found a gift envelope in our mailbox. We were extremely ___29___ for the help and kept ____30____ who had given us such a generous gift.
A year later, our 17-year-old son had to ____31____ a student loan so he could attend university. It was then we discovered that his ____32____ was almost empty. His father and I were very ____33____ because we had trusted him to put part of his ____34____ from his part-time job into the bank for his ____35____ . From the time he was nine years old he had been a paper carrier for a local newspaper, and he had ____36____ very hard. I asked him ____37____ where the money had gone. At first, he ____38____ to tell me. But I would not let him alone. Finally, my son ____39____ that the year before he had put his savings in the envelope to help his ____40____ and me.
21. A. book B. envelope C. box D. office
22 A. banker’s B. manager’s C. receiver’s D. borrower’s
23. A. discuss B. deal C. teach D. see
24. A. provide B. please C. meet D. burden
25. A. So B. Or C. But D. And
26. A. aware B. glad C. optimistic D. lucky
27. A. improving B. worsening C. changing D. developing
28. A. balanc ng B. cutting C. starting D. breaking
29. A. grateful B. sad C. kind D. angry
30. A. announcing B. helping C. hoping D. wonder ng
31. A. pay back B. apply for C. turn down D. give up
32. A. room B. schoolbag C. account D. note
33. A. disturbed B. relieved C. excited D. delighted
34. A. efforts B. savings C. talent D. energy
35. A. food B. house C. education D. marriage
36. A. cried B. run C. thought D. worked
37. A. casually B. occasionally C. repeatedly D. secretly
38. A. offered B. decided C. wanted D. refused
39. A. apologized B. admitted C. complained D. remembered
40. A. father B. sister C. teacher D. friend
第二节(共10小题;每小题L5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Thursday, the 18th-century Rhode Island farmhouse that inspired the 2013 horror movie The Conjuring ___41___ (sell) to a Boston house developer, Jacqueline Nunez, for $ 1. 525 million. Nunez and Jennifer Heinzen, ___42___seller, jointly announced the sale on Facebook.
Nunez plans to continue the business ___43___ (start) by Heinzen. Guests will be able to continue the nightly explorations there. Day-time tours will resume (恢复) soon.
“This purchase is personal for me,” Nunez told The Boston Globe. “It’s around my own ___44___ (curious). Since I was a child, I ___45___ (be) in love with horror movies, like The Conjuring. I look forward to experiencing strange things in the house.”
However, one of the conditions in the contract is ___46___ the new owner will not live in the house year-round. “Because the energy is so powerful,” Heinzen told The Boston Globe later. “It is intended ___47___ (protect) the buyer.”
The Conjuring wasn’t filmed in the house but was based on the ___48___ (experience) of a few families that lived there in the 1970s.
“I’m not afraid ___49___ the house,” she said. “I don’t think the energy here is ___50___(harm). Things that will happen here may frighten me, but will not hurt me.”
第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
As we are spending more and more time online, both our teachers or parents are increasingly worried about the possibly side effects of the Internet.
But increased use of the Internet is not necessarily good or worse. It becomes unhealthy only when it starts replacing with such important things as physical activities and avoiding friends and families. If our schools and families only focus the amount of screen time, they’re concentrating on the wrong things. What matters are how we spend our time online. Actually, spending more time online may be beneficial for them if we can use the Internet properly. We can learn such things as search for important information and communicating with different persons, who are very important life skills in the future.
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华，你的朋友Tom来信说，近来他经常感到心烦易怒。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示安慰；
2.提出建议。
注意：1.词数10左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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