人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册 Unit4 Space Exploration单元过关检测（有答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册 Unit4 Space Exploration单元过关检测（有答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-10 20:11:27 | ||
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Unit4 单元过关检测
第一部分 阅读
[共两节，满分50分]
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2019·四川成都七中高一期末）For centuries, people wondered how big the Earth was. Unfortunately, although they thought the Earth was flat, no one was able to figure out its size. Gradually, however, people began to realize that the Earth was really round.
Then, in the third century BC, a Greek man named Eratosthenes had an idea. Eratosthenes was sure that the Earth was a sphere. He used the sun and geometry (几何学)to figure out the size of the Earth. He calculated that the circumference (圆周) of the Earth was 28, 600 miles ( 46, 000 kilometers ) . The true size of the Earth is about 25, 000 miles (40, 000 kilometers).
Eratosthenes’ measurement was wrong, but it was very close to the truth.
For many centuries after Eratosthenes lived, people made maps of the Earth. However, they did not know very much about the world outside of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Mapmakers could not draw accurate maps of the Earth until people began traveling around the world in the fifteenth century, mapping small areas each time. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, people began making correct maps of countries, but the first accurate map of the world was not made until the 1890s.
Maps today are reliable (可依靠的), inexpensive, and easy to understand. People depend on maps every day. What would our lives be like without them
1. A sphere is a ____________.
A. large shape
B. ball shape
C. planet
D. member of the sun family
2. What’s a synonym (同义词) for “figure out”
A. Geometry.
B. Calculate.
C. Make out.
D. Understand.
3. The first correct map of the world was made ____________.
A. in the 15th century
B. in the 18th century
C. in the 19th century
D. in the 20th century
4. When did map makers begin to draw correct maps of the Earth
A. When people began to travel around the world.
B. When people knew the size of the Earth.
C. When people knew the shape of the Earth.
D. Before people traveled around the world.
B
（2020·广东珠海一中高一期中）
School activities for kids and teens
July is a month of fun-filled activities for kids and teens as long as you know where to find them. When you want some fun activities for July, consider these ideas happening in this month.
1. Secret of the dragon Time: Monday, July 1, 202010:30am Cost: Adult $7. 40 Children: half Booking Phone: 3403 2578 Address: Brisbane botanic Gardens Note: Secret of the Dragon Is a magical story about two children who are taken on a dragon ride to explore the universe. 2. The Search for Life: Are We alone Time: Thursday, July 4, 20202:00pm Cost: Adult S 14. 50 Children $8. 70 Booking Phone: 3403 7689 Address: Brisbane botanic Gardens Note: Are we truly alone in space Is there any life out there These are the questions asked in this show.
3. Magic Class Time: Friday, July 12, 202010:00am Cost: Free Booking phone 3403 8470 Address: Centenary Community hub. 171 Dandenong Note: Would you like to be a magician Then join David, the magician to learn about real magic with playing cards coins, ring ropes and DIY projects and be able to become the life of the party. 4. Science with Me: Making your own guitar Time: Saturday, July 20, 20203:00pm Cost: Free Booking Phone: 3403 1226 Address: 10, Egginton Close Note: Do you want to make a guitar with Katy and her mom Science with Me is going to be with you. Please remember to bring a piece of wood a hammer, some rubber bands and some nails with you.
5. Alec is strongly interested in space life. He may go to_______.
A. Magic Class
B. Science with Me
C. The Search for Life
D. Secret of the Dragon
6. John and his 10-year-old twins want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay
A. $ 7. 40.
B. $ 11. 10.
C. $ 14. 80.
D. $ 23. 20.
7. What do the four activities have in common
A. They can all be booked by phone.
B. They happen in the same place.
C. They are all weekend activities.
D. They are all free.
C
（2020·山西太原五中高一月考）Hailey’s Comet (哈雷彗星) appeared at the time of Mark Twain’s birth, making his arrival an even more special event. Twain said in 1909, “I came in with Hailey’s Comet in 1835. It is coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it.” Surprisingly enough, Mark Twain died the day after it passed by the earth a second time.
Mark Twain was a gifted writer, speaker and humorist whose own characters shone through his work. As his writing grew in popularity, he became a public character in America. As the young country grew in size but not in a cultural manner to the liking of the European people, it became fashionable to criticize (批评) “the ugly American” . Twain traveled to Europe and made the Europeans friendly to America with his wisdom (智慧)and humor.
Twain began his working life as a typesetter at a newspaper, worked as a printer, a riverboat pilot, and then turned to gold mining. When he failed to strike it rich, he turned to journalism and it was during that time that he wrote the short story that started his writing life, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.
Although Twain’s life as a writer made him rich, his turn as a gentleman investor (投资者) did much to make him impoverished. He lost a great deal of money earned by writing on different investments. Twain recovered financially with the help of a man named Henry Huttleson Rogers. Further success from book sales improved his financial health.
8. What can we learn about Mark Twain from the first paragraph
A. He saw Hailey’s Comet coming.
B. He predicted his own death.
C. He made Hailey’s Comet famous.
D. He knew a lot about Hailey’s Comet.
9. Why did Mark Twain travel to Europe
A. To avoid being criticized.
B. To show he liked traveling.
C. To prove he was good at writing.
D. To change Europeans’ opinion of America.
10. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. Mark Twain’s true interest.
B. Mark Twain’s famous work.
C. Mark Twain’s work experiences.
D. Mark Twain’s life goal.
11. What does the underlined word “impoverished” in the last paragraph mean
A. Poor.
B. Angry.
C. Unhealthy.
D. Busy.
D
（2020·河南郑州一中高一月考）The history of steam power goes all the way back to the 1700s. At the time, steam was used to power many different machines and helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. Over the years, steam was replaced (替代) by other fuel systems to power everything from homes to cars to industrial equipment.
Now, some American scientists are developing steam power for one of today’s most highly technical activities— space exploration. Research scientists from the University of Central Florida (UCF) and US-based space company Honeybee Robotics are carrying out the project.
The scientists are developing and testing a space robot model named The World Is Not Enough, which they call WINE for short. The spacecraft is designed to travel repeatedly between space rocks called asteroids (小行星)and planets throughout the solar system.
The spacecraft is designed to land on these space objects, where it can use its tools to search for and collect water that might be below the surface. WINE can then heat the water to create steam to power the spacecraft to its next space stop.
The scientists believe the technology can open up limitless space exploration. Currently, space exploration trips in the solar system must end when the spacecraft runs out of fuel. WINE is designed to never run out of propellant (推进剂) so exploration will be less expensive. It also allows us to explore in a shorter amount of time, since we don’t have to wait for years as a new spacecraft travels from the Earth each time.
WINE spacecraft can keep traveling to many different asteroids and planets. They can carry out experiments before refueling and launching to the next stop. Such exploration activities can be carried out anywhere there is water and the right gravitational conditions.
12. Why is the spacecraft designed to land on space objects
A. To gather energy from the sun.
B. To do scientific research on them.
C. To set up space stations for traveling.
D. To keep its power system working normally.
13. What is the advantage of WINE compared with traditional spacecraft
A. It can have endless power.
B. It never returns to the Earth.
C. It doesn’t use solar energy.
D. It needn’t travel from the Earth.
14. Which of the following is a must for WINE to operate well
A. Enough asteroids and planets.
B. Getting water supply in space.
C. Making use of wind energy.
D. Stations built on asteroids and planets.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Spacecraft Traveling in Space Without Stopping
B. Steam Power Popular in Space Exploration Again
C. Scientists Developing Spacecraft Powered by Steam
D. Steam Power Replacing Traditional Fuel in Space Travel
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2020·安徽合肥一中高一入学考试）When is the last time you slept under the stars and cooked dinner over an open fire You never know—you may just fall back in love with the great outdoors and turn it into an annual vacation!
Escape the busy city life
Why go camping 16 Once your tent and campsite is set up, you don’t have to worry about cleaning, laundry or any other tasks that seem to consume your everyday life. And it’s a chance for you to turn off the smart phone, computer and other electronics to just sit back and relax.
Gain a newfound appreciation for Mother Nature
17 From beautiful mountains to freshwater lakes ideal for swimming, you’ll have your pick of outdoor activities to engage in.
Quality time with friends and family 18 This will give your friends and family a chance to have some true quality time together whether it’s playing sports, cooking or simply talking to one another—without the usual distractions.
You can learn new skills
Living outdoors gives you the opportunity to learn some survival skills. 19 You may also learn how to protect yourself from mosquitoes and other insects, as well as experience how many material possessions you really can do without.
Camping is affordable
When it comes to budget vacations, a camping trip is one of the most economical choices for a family getaway. Groceries can be bought ahead of time and once you’ve settled into the campsite, there’s no need to worry about purchasing more food or buying souvenirs. 20 Happy camping!
A. Decide with whom you are camping.
B. Make it a rule to keep the electronic games at home.
C. You’ll likely manage to build a fire after a camping trip.
D. Planning a camping trip begins with the desire to get outdoors.
E. It gives you the opportunity to do nothing for a weekend or even longer.
F. There’s so much beauty in the outdoors and we rarely get the chance to appreciate it.
G. So if you’re looking for a trip that’s going to save money, get out there and set up that tent.
16. _______ 17. _______ 18. _______ 19. _______ 20. _______
第二部分 语言运用
共两节，满分30分
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
An elderly woman is crediting (归功于)her neighbor’s 4-year-old dog with saving her life from dangerously cold temperatures.
Curfman was 21 his garbage last Monday with his dog Midnight when he felt its 22 was unusual. It had its ears held up looking at him. It didn’t 23 do that. Curfman understood that something’s 24 . So he observed it’s acting and 25 it to a spot on the other side of his house. There, he saw his 87-year-old neighbor, Noreen, 26 in the snow.
Curfman 27 she was out there at least half an hour. She couldn’t get up because she didn’t have enough 28 to push herself up, and there is nothing around to get a 29 of, either. But Curfman and Midnight were able to 30 her quickly.
Noreen was lucky to 31 frostbite with her clothes wet. Curfman called his wife and they together helped his neighbor up from the snow and into her 32 , where his wife helped the elderly woman get into 33 clothes.
Noreen was 34 to Midnight for saving her life. “A dog like this 35 to be proud of. Not every dog pays attention to things like this.” Noreen said in an interview.
21. A. sending out B. taking out C. picking up D. handing out
22. A. sound B. attention C. behavior D. appearance
23. A. normally B. suddenly C. really D. frequently
24. A. down B. in C. out D. up
25. A. trained B. drove C. walked D. followed
26. A. lying B. moving C. playing D. standing
27. A. guessed B. feared C. argued D. explained
28. A. time B. space C. strength D. courage
29. A. view B. hold C. taste D. command
30. A. save B. report C. find D. visit
31. A. face B. fight C. avoid D. suffer
32. A. car B. garden C. yard D. home
33. A. dry B. clean C. old D. beautiful
34. A. grateful B. close C. rude D. polite
35. A. expects B. intends C. waits D. deserves
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
（2020·全国Ⅰ卷）China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—36 (touch ) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 37 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 38 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 39 ____(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山) , more so 40 ______the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 41 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 42 ______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 43 ______ (construct) .” Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 44 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 45 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的)base are practical.
第三部分 写作
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节（满分15分）
（金星原创）请根据下列内容，用英文介绍霍金（Stephen Hawking）。
1.世界最著名的物理学家和宇宙学家之
2. 21岁患一种奇怪的病，但他没失去信心，坚强地活了下来；
3.他提出了黑洞和灰洞理论，并写了《时间简史》一书，此书被译成40多种文字；
4.2018年3月，霍金去世，享年76岁。世人因他在科学方面的成就而尊敬和纪念他。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.参考词汇：cosmologist宇宙学家；A Brief History of Time《时间简史》
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Bobby was getting cold sitting out in his backyard in the snow. bobby didn't wear boots; or rather, he didn’t own any. The thin sneakers he wore had a few holes in them and they did a poor job of keeping out the cold.
Bobby had been in his backyard for about an hour already. Try as he might, he could not come up with an idea for his mother’s Christmas gift. He shook his head as he thought, “This is useless. Even if I do come up with an idea, I don’t have any money for a gift.”
Wiping tears from his eyes, Bobby started walking down to the street where the shops were. It wasn’t easy being six without a father, especially when he needed a man to talk to.
Bobby walked from shop to shop, looking into each decorated window. Everything seemed so beautiful but so out of reach. It was starting to get dark and Bobby reluctantly turned to walk home when suddenly his eyes caught the glimmer (微光) of the setting sun’s rays reflecting on something on the roadside. He reached down and discovered a shiny dime (十分硬币).
Never before has anyone felt as wealthy as Bobby did at that moment. As he held his newly-found treasure, warmth spread throughout his entire body and he walked into the first store. His excitement quickly turned cold after the salesperson told him that he could not buy anything with only a dime.
He saw a flower shop and went inside to wait in line. When the shop owner asked if he could help him, Bobby presented the dime and asked if he could buy one flower for his mother’s Christmas gift. The shop owner looked at Bobby and his ten-cent offering. Then he put his hand on Bobby’s shoulder, saying, “You just wait here and I’ll see what I can do for you.”
The sound of the door closing as the last customer left pulled Bobby back to reality. All alone in the shop, Bobby began to feel alone and afraid.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Eventually the shop owner came out and moved to the counter. _______________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the bunch of beautiful roses in his hands, Bobby backed off and then turned and ran.______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了很久以前人们就开始研究地球。但限于水平，人们对地球的了解很少。后来，由于环球旅行，人们画出了地图。通过地图，我们可以很容易地了解地球。
1. B细节理解题。根据第二段中计算地球的圆周可知，Eratosthenes认为地球是一个球体。故答案为B。
2. B词义猜测题。由第二段中的第四句“He calculated that the circumference of the Earth was…”，再结合 figure out的宾语size可知，figure out是 calculate“计算”的意思。故选B项。
3. C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的 the first accurate map of the world was not made until the 1890s可知，第一幅精确的地图是在19世纪画出的。故答案为C。
4. A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 Mapmakers could not draw accurate maps of the Earth until people began traveling around the world in the fifteenth century可推知，当人们开始环球旅行时，才开始制作出精确的地图。故答案为A。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四则适合青少年参加的活动广告。
5. C细节理解题。由题干中的 interested in space life可以定位到第二则广告。由第二则广告中的“Are we truly alone in space？Is there any life out there？”可知，此题应选C项。
6. C数字计算题。由题干中的 Secret of the dragon可以定位到第一则广告。由第一则广告中的 Adult：$7. 40 Children half可知，$7. 40+$7. 40=$14. 80，故选C项。
7. A推理判断题。四则广告中都可以进行电话预订，故A项正确。由四则广告中的 Address可知，它们并不都是在同一个地方举办，故排除B项；由四则广告中的Time可知，只有第四项活动是在周末举行，故C项错误；由四则广告中的Cost可知，只有第三项和第四项活动是免费的，故D项错误。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马克·吐温的生平故事。
8. B细节理解题。由第一段马克·吐温的话可知，他预言哈雷彗星第二次出现的时候，他会跟着它一起离开。结果他真的在哈雷彗星再次出现的第二天就去世了。故选B项。
9. D细节理解题。由第二段的“Twain traveled to Europe and made the Europeans friendly to America with his wisdom and humor. 可知，他去欧洲旅行是为了让欧洲人对美国变得友好。故选D项。
10. C推理判断题。通读第三段可知，这一段主要讲了他的工作经历。故选C项。
11. A词义猜测题。由画线单词所在句后面的一句“He lost a great deal of money earned by writing on different investments. ”可知，他在投资方面丢失了很多钱，由此可推断出 impoverished意为“poor”。故选A项。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家研制的由蒸汽驱动的宇宙飞船的相关情况。
12. D细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，飞船在这些宇宙天体上着陆是为了寻找水，转换成蒸汽，使飞船的动力系统正常工作。
13. A细节理解题。根据第五段的 WINE is designed to never run out of propellant可知，因为这种宇宙飞船可以使用水蒸气做动力，在小行星上获得水，所以它的动力是无穷尽的。
14. B推理判断题。根据最后一段的 Such exploration activities can be carried out anywhere there is water可知，这种探索活动可以在任何有水的地方进行。也就是说在宇宙飞行中，水的供应是关键。
15. C标题归纳题。根据第二段的“Now，some American scientists are developing steam power for one of today’s most high technical activities-space exploration. ”可知，文章谈论的主要话题是科学家开发蒸汽驱动的宇宙飞船。因此C项作为文章
的标题最合适。
[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野营的好处，既能高质量地陪伴家人，又可以暂时远离忙碌的生活。
16. E上一句提出“Why go camping？（为什么要去野营呢？）”，下句回答原因。“It gives you the opportunity to do nothing for a weekend or even longer. （它让你有机会在周末甚至更长的时间里什么都不做）”符合语境。故选E项。
17. F根据下一句“从美丽的山脉到适合游泳的淡水湖，你可以选择户外活动去参加”可知，在户外，你可以选择许多种户外活动，只是平时没有机会去体验。“There’s so much beauty in the outdoors and we rarely get the chance to appreciate it. （在户外有这么多的美丽，我们很少有机会欣赏它）”符合语境。故选F项。
18. B根据下一句“你可以在不被打扰的情况下，高质量地陪伴你的朋友和家人，无论是运动、烹饪或简单地交谈”可知，在野营的时间里，是没有工作和电子产品的打扰的。“Make it a rule to keep the electronic games at home. （作为常例把电子游戏放在家里）”符合语境。故选B项。
19. C下一句“You may also learn how to protect yourself from mosquitoes and other insects. （你也可以学习如何保护自己免受蚊子和其他昆虫的叮咬……）”中的also表示递进关系，所以上一句也是在描述学习到的生存技能。“You’ll likely manage to build a fire after a camping trip. （野营后你可能会设法生火）”符合语境。故选C项。
20. G根据前文“When it comes to budget vacations，a camping trip is one of the most economical choices for a family getaway. （it到经济实惠的度假，野营是全家出游最经济的选择之一）”可知，野营是一个省钱的出游计划，所以如果要想全家一起出游，那野营就是最好的选择。“So if you’re looking for a trip that’s going to save money，get out there and set up that tent.所以，如果你想要一次省钱的旅行，那就出去搭个帐篷吧）”符合语境。故选G项。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是 Curfman的狗Midnight敏锐地感知到周围发生了意外，Curfman跟着 Midnight来到邻居摔倒的地方，并在自己妻子的帮助下救起了老妇人。在严寒的天气状况下，这无疑是救了老妇人一命，因此老妇人很感激 Midnight的故事。
21. B根据本句以及下文中对老妇人的帮助可知，Curfman和Midnight是在外面，所以是出去扔垃圾的时候发生的事情，故选 taking out“把……带出去”。send out派出；pick up用车接；hand out分发。
22. C根据下文“It had its ears held up looking at him. ”可知，Midnight的行为（behavior）异乎寻常。sound声音；attention注意appearance外貌，出现。
23. A根据上文可知 Midnight的行为异乎寻常，而它通常不是这样做的，故选 normally正常地”。suddenly突然地；really真正地；frequently频繁地。
24. D Curfman明白一定是发生了什么事，联系 What is up？表示“发生什么事情了？”可知选up“（尤指异常的或不愉快的事情）发生”。down下面；in里面；out外面。
25. D此句是说 Curfman跟着 Midnight到了老妇人摔倒的地方，故选 follow“跟随”。train培训；drive驾驶；walk行走。
26. A此句是说 Curfman发现老妇人躺在（lie）雪地上。move移动；play玩耍；stand站立。
27. A此句是说 Curfman根据当时的状况猜想（guess）老妇人在外面至少半小时了。fear害怕；argue争论；explain解释。
28. C根据上文老妇人躺在雪地上可知，她自己无法起来。此句话是说她自己没有力气（strength），也抓不到任何东西支撑自己起来。time时间；space空间；courage勇气。
29. B get a hold of“抓住，握住”，是固定搭配，且符合此处的语境。view景色，观点；taste品尝；command命令。
30. C此句是说老妇人自己无法起来，幸好 Curfman和 Midnight很快找到（find）了她。save拯救；report报告；visit参观，拜访。
31. C根据本句话中的 lucky可知，尽管老妇人的衣服都湿了，但是很幸运地避免了（avoid）冻伤。face面对；fight对抗；suffer遭受。
32. D根据本句话中他的妻子帮助老妇人换了干的衣服可知，在妻子的帮助下，Curfman是送老妇人回家，故选home“家”。car汽车；garden花园；yard院子。
33. A根据语境可知，此处是指换了干的（dry）衣服。Clean干净的；old旧的；beautiful美丽的。
34. A由上文 Midnight敏感地感知到周围发生了意外，老妇人才被救起可知，老妇人很感激 Midnight，be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人。be close to…与……接近/关系密切；be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁的；be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌的。
35. D由上文 Midnight敏感地感知到周围发生了意外，老妇人才被救起可知，以 Midnight为骄傲，是它应得（deserve）的。expect期望；intend打算；wait等待。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道，嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功软着陆，中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家文章彰显了民族自豪感。
36. touched考查时态。句子主语是 the unmanned Change-4 probe，谓语动词是 touch。根据时间状语 last week可判断用一般过去时。touch down意为“（飞机等）降落，着陆”。
37. extremely考查词性转换（形容词变副词）。修饰形容词challenging应用 extreme的副词形式 extremely。
38. where考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰 a spot，且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词 where。
39. interest考查词性转换（形容词变名词）。此处是“be of+名词”结构，be of interest to sb. 意为“对某人有吸引力”。
40. than考查 more. than…的用法。根据前面的比较级more可知此处是将 the far side of the moon和 the familiar near side进行比较，故填than。
41. to find考查非谓语动词（不定式）。use sth. to do sth. 表示“用某物做某事”，不定式表示目的。
42. means考查时态和主谓一致。根据直接引语中的 excites可判断用一般现在时；主语是it，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
43. is constructed考查时态和语态。整句话的时态为一般现在时，且 the moon与 construct（组成，构成）之间是被动关系，故用般现在时的被动语态。
44. much考查 how much的用法。此处意为“它含有多少冰和其他宝藏”，所填词修饰ice，故用much。
45. its考查代词。所填词修饰后面的 plans，故填it的形容词性物主代词形式its。
第一节 One possible version：
Stephen Hawking is one of the most famous physicists and cosmologists. At the age of 21，Hawking suffered from a strange disease but he never lost confidence and survived strongly. He was optimistic about life.
Hawking came up with the theories of black holes and grey holes. He wrote a book named A Brief history of Time，which has been translated into more than 40 languages.
In March，2018，Hawking passed away. He will be respected and remembered by the world for his great achievements in science.
第二节 One possible version：
Eventually the shop owner came out and moved to the counter. There，before Bobbys eyes，lay twelve red roses，with leaves of green and tiny white flowers all tied together with a big silver tape. Bobbys heart sank as the owner placed them gently into a long white box. “That will be ten cents，young man，”the shop owner said，reaching out his hand for the dime. Slowly，Bobby moved his hand to give the man his dime. Could this be true？He wondered.
With the bunch of beautiful roses in his hands，Bobby backed off and then turned and ran. within a few minutes. he was at home. Still breathless. Look，mother，what have I got for you？"Bobby called out in the backyard. His mother came out from inside the house. She could hardly believe her eyes upon seeing the beautiful flowers in front of her.
“Merry Christmas!” Bobby said and began to tell her everything he had experienced in the flower shop. Tearfully, mother hugged her son in her arms. Standing in the bitter cold air, they somehow didn’t feel cold at all.
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第一部分 阅读
[共两节，满分50分]
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2019·四川成都七中高一期末）For centuries, people wondered how big the Earth was. Unfortunately, although they thought the Earth was flat, no one was able to figure out its size. Gradually, however, people began to realize that the Earth was really round.
Then, in the third century BC, a Greek man named Eratosthenes had an idea. Eratosthenes was sure that the Earth was a sphere. He used the sun and geometry (几何学)to figure out the size of the Earth. He calculated that the circumference (圆周) of the Earth was 28, 600 miles ( 46, 000 kilometers ) . The true size of the Earth is about 25, 000 miles (40, 000 kilometers).
Eratosthenes’ measurement was wrong, but it was very close to the truth.
For many centuries after Eratosthenes lived, people made maps of the Earth. However, they did not know very much about the world outside of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Mapmakers could not draw accurate maps of the Earth until people began traveling around the world in the fifteenth century, mapping small areas each time. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, people began making correct maps of countries, but the first accurate map of the world was not made until the 1890s.
Maps today are reliable (可依靠的), inexpensive, and easy to understand. People depend on maps every day. What would our lives be like without them
1. A sphere is a ____________.
A. large shape
B. ball shape
C. planet
D. member of the sun family
2. What’s a synonym (同义词) for “figure out”
A. Geometry.
B. Calculate.
C. Make out.
D. Understand.
3. The first correct map of the world was made ____________.
A. in the 15th century
B. in the 18th century
C. in the 19th century
D. in the 20th century
4. When did map makers begin to draw correct maps of the Earth
A. When people began to travel around the world.
B. When people knew the size of the Earth.
C. When people knew the shape of the Earth.
D. Before people traveled around the world.
B
（2020·广东珠海一中高一期中）
School activities for kids and teens
July is a month of fun-filled activities for kids and teens as long as you know where to find them. When you want some fun activities for July, consider these ideas happening in this month.
1. Secret of the dragon Time: Monday, July 1, 202010:30am Cost: Adult $7. 40 Children: half Booking Phone: 3403 2578 Address: Brisbane botanic Gardens Note: Secret of the Dragon Is a magical story about two children who are taken on a dragon ride to explore the universe. 2. The Search for Life: Are We alone Time: Thursday, July 4, 20202:00pm Cost: Adult S 14. 50 Children $8. 70 Booking Phone: 3403 7689 Address: Brisbane botanic Gardens Note: Are we truly alone in space Is there any life out there These are the questions asked in this show.
3. Magic Class Time: Friday, July 12, 202010:00am Cost: Free Booking phone 3403 8470 Address: Centenary Community hub. 171 Dandenong Note: Would you like to be a magician Then join David, the magician to learn about real magic with playing cards coins, ring ropes and DIY projects and be able to become the life of the party. 4. Science with Me: Making your own guitar Time: Saturday, July 20, 20203:00pm Cost: Free Booking Phone: 3403 1226 Address: 10, Egginton Close Note: Do you want to make a guitar with Katy and her mom Science with Me is going to be with you. Please remember to bring a piece of wood a hammer, some rubber bands and some nails with you.
5. Alec is strongly interested in space life. He may go to_______.
A. Magic Class
B. Science with Me
C. The Search for Life
D. Secret of the Dragon
6. John and his 10-year-old twins want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay
A. $ 7. 40.
B. $ 11. 10.
C. $ 14. 80.
D. $ 23. 20.
7. What do the four activities have in common
A. They can all be booked by phone.
B. They happen in the same place.
C. They are all weekend activities.
D. They are all free.
C
（2020·山西太原五中高一月考）Hailey’s Comet (哈雷彗星) appeared at the time of Mark Twain’s birth, making his arrival an even more special event. Twain said in 1909, “I came in with Hailey’s Comet in 1835. It is coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it.” Surprisingly enough, Mark Twain died the day after it passed by the earth a second time.
Mark Twain was a gifted writer, speaker and humorist whose own characters shone through his work. As his writing grew in popularity, he became a public character in America. As the young country grew in size but not in a cultural manner to the liking of the European people, it became fashionable to criticize (批评) “the ugly American” . Twain traveled to Europe and made the Europeans friendly to America with his wisdom (智慧)and humor.
Twain began his working life as a typesetter at a newspaper, worked as a printer, a riverboat pilot, and then turned to gold mining. When he failed to strike it rich, he turned to journalism and it was during that time that he wrote the short story that started his writing life, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.
Although Twain’s life as a writer made him rich, his turn as a gentleman investor (投资者) did much to make him impoverished. He lost a great deal of money earned by writing on different investments. Twain recovered financially with the help of a man named Henry Huttleson Rogers. Further success from book sales improved his financial health.
8. What can we learn about Mark Twain from the first paragraph
A. He saw Hailey’s Comet coming.
B. He predicted his own death.
C. He made Hailey’s Comet famous.
D. He knew a lot about Hailey’s Comet.
9. Why did Mark Twain travel to Europe
A. To avoid being criticized.
B. To show he liked traveling.
C. To prove he was good at writing.
D. To change Europeans’ opinion of America.
10. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. Mark Twain’s true interest.
B. Mark Twain’s famous work.
C. Mark Twain’s work experiences.
D. Mark Twain’s life goal.
11. What does the underlined word “impoverished” in the last paragraph mean
A. Poor.
B. Angry.
C. Unhealthy.
D. Busy.
D
（2020·河南郑州一中高一月考）The history of steam power goes all the way back to the 1700s. At the time, steam was used to power many different machines and helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. Over the years, steam was replaced (替代) by other fuel systems to power everything from homes to cars to industrial equipment.
Now, some American scientists are developing steam power for one of today’s most highly technical activities— space exploration. Research scientists from the University of Central Florida (UCF) and US-based space company Honeybee Robotics are carrying out the project.
The scientists are developing and testing a space robot model named The World Is Not Enough, which they call WINE for short. The spacecraft is designed to travel repeatedly between space rocks called asteroids (小行星)and planets throughout the solar system.
The spacecraft is designed to land on these space objects, where it can use its tools to search for and collect water that might be below the surface. WINE can then heat the water to create steam to power the spacecraft to its next space stop.
The scientists believe the technology can open up limitless space exploration. Currently, space exploration trips in the solar system must end when the spacecraft runs out of fuel. WINE is designed to never run out of propellant (推进剂) so exploration will be less expensive. It also allows us to explore in a shorter amount of time, since we don’t have to wait for years as a new spacecraft travels from the Earth each time.
WINE spacecraft can keep traveling to many different asteroids and planets. They can carry out experiments before refueling and launching to the next stop. Such exploration activities can be carried out anywhere there is water and the right gravitational conditions.
12. Why is the spacecraft designed to land on space objects
A. To gather energy from the sun.
B. To do scientific research on them.
C. To set up space stations for traveling.
D. To keep its power system working normally.
13. What is the advantage of WINE compared with traditional spacecraft
A. It can have endless power.
B. It never returns to the Earth.
C. It doesn’t use solar energy.
D. It needn’t travel from the Earth.
14. Which of the following is a must for WINE to operate well
A. Enough asteroids and planets.
B. Getting water supply in space.
C. Making use of wind energy.
D. Stations built on asteroids and planets.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Spacecraft Traveling in Space Without Stopping
B. Steam Power Popular in Space Exploration Again
C. Scientists Developing Spacecraft Powered by Steam
D. Steam Power Replacing Traditional Fuel in Space Travel
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2020·安徽合肥一中高一入学考试）When is the last time you slept under the stars and cooked dinner over an open fire You never know—you may just fall back in love with the great outdoors and turn it into an annual vacation!
Escape the busy city life
Why go camping 16 Once your tent and campsite is set up, you don’t have to worry about cleaning, laundry or any other tasks that seem to consume your everyday life. And it’s a chance for you to turn off the smart phone, computer and other electronics to just sit back and relax.
Gain a newfound appreciation for Mother Nature
17 From beautiful mountains to freshwater lakes ideal for swimming, you’ll have your pick of outdoor activities to engage in.
Quality time with friends and family 18 This will give your friends and family a chance to have some true quality time together whether it’s playing sports, cooking or simply talking to one another—without the usual distractions.
You can learn new skills
Living outdoors gives you the opportunity to learn some survival skills. 19 You may also learn how to protect yourself from mosquitoes and other insects, as well as experience how many material possessions you really can do without.
Camping is affordable
When it comes to budget vacations, a camping trip is one of the most economical choices for a family getaway. Groceries can be bought ahead of time and once you’ve settled into the campsite, there’s no need to worry about purchasing more food or buying souvenirs. 20 Happy camping!
A. Decide with whom you are camping.
B. Make it a rule to keep the electronic games at home.
C. You’ll likely manage to build a fire after a camping trip.
D. Planning a camping trip begins with the desire to get outdoors.
E. It gives you the opportunity to do nothing for a weekend or even longer.
F. There’s so much beauty in the outdoors and we rarely get the chance to appreciate it.
G. So if you’re looking for a trip that’s going to save money, get out there and set up that tent.
16. _______ 17. _______ 18. _______ 19. _______ 20. _______
第二部分 语言运用
共两节，满分30分
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
An elderly woman is crediting (归功于)her neighbor’s 4-year-old dog with saving her life from dangerously cold temperatures.
Curfman was 21 his garbage last Monday with his dog Midnight when he felt its 22 was unusual. It had its ears held up looking at him. It didn’t 23 do that. Curfman understood that something’s 24 . So he observed it’s acting and 25 it to a spot on the other side of his house. There, he saw his 87-year-old neighbor, Noreen, 26 in the snow.
Curfman 27 she was out there at least half an hour. She couldn’t get up because she didn’t have enough 28 to push herself up, and there is nothing around to get a 29 of, either. But Curfman and Midnight were able to 30 her quickly.
Noreen was lucky to 31 frostbite with her clothes wet. Curfman called his wife and they together helped his neighbor up from the snow and into her 32 , where his wife helped the elderly woman get into 33 clothes.
Noreen was 34 to Midnight for saving her life. “A dog like this 35 to be proud of. Not every dog pays attention to things like this.” Noreen said in an interview.
21. A. sending out B. taking out C. picking up D. handing out
22. A. sound B. attention C. behavior D. appearance
23. A. normally B. suddenly C. really D. frequently
24. A. down B. in C. out D. up
25. A. trained B. drove C. walked D. followed
26. A. lying B. moving C. playing D. standing
27. A. guessed B. feared C. argued D. explained
28. A. time B. space C. strength D. courage
29. A. view B. hold C. taste D. command
30. A. save B. report C. find D. visit
31. A. face B. fight C. avoid D. suffer
32. A. car B. garden C. yard D. home
33. A. dry B. clean C. old D. beautiful
34. A. grateful B. close C. rude D. polite
35. A. expects B. intends C. waits D. deserves
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
（2020·全国Ⅰ卷）China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—36 (touch ) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 37 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 38 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 39 ____(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山) , more so 40 ______the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 41 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 42 ______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 43 ______ (construct) .” Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 44 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 45 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的)base are practical.
第三部分 写作
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节（满分15分）
（金星原创）请根据下列内容，用英文介绍霍金（Stephen Hawking）。
1.世界最著名的物理学家和宇宙学家之
2. 21岁患一种奇怪的病，但他没失去信心，坚强地活了下来；
3.他提出了黑洞和灰洞理论，并写了《时间简史》一书，此书被译成40多种文字；
4.2018年3月，霍金去世，享年76岁。世人因他在科学方面的成就而尊敬和纪念他。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.参考词汇：cosmologist宇宙学家；A Brief History of Time《时间简史》
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Bobby was getting cold sitting out in his backyard in the snow. bobby didn't wear boots; or rather, he didn’t own any. The thin sneakers he wore had a few holes in them and they did a poor job of keeping out the cold.
Bobby had been in his backyard for about an hour already. Try as he might, he could not come up with an idea for his mother’s Christmas gift. He shook his head as he thought, “This is useless. Even if I do come up with an idea, I don’t have any money for a gift.”
Wiping tears from his eyes, Bobby started walking down to the street where the shops were. It wasn’t easy being six without a father, especially when he needed a man to talk to.
Bobby walked from shop to shop, looking into each decorated window. Everything seemed so beautiful but so out of reach. It was starting to get dark and Bobby reluctantly turned to walk home when suddenly his eyes caught the glimmer (微光) of the setting sun’s rays reflecting on something on the roadside. He reached down and discovered a shiny dime (十分硬币).
Never before has anyone felt as wealthy as Bobby did at that moment. As he held his newly-found treasure, warmth spread throughout his entire body and he walked into the first store. His excitement quickly turned cold after the salesperson told him that he could not buy anything with only a dime.
He saw a flower shop and went inside to wait in line. When the shop owner asked if he could help him, Bobby presented the dime and asked if he could buy one flower for his mother’s Christmas gift. The shop owner looked at Bobby and his ten-cent offering. Then he put his hand on Bobby’s shoulder, saying, “You just wait here and I’ll see what I can do for you.”
The sound of the door closing as the last customer left pulled Bobby back to reality. All alone in the shop, Bobby began to feel alone and afraid.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Eventually the shop owner came out and moved to the counter. _______________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the bunch of beautiful roses in his hands, Bobby backed off and then turned and ran.______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了很久以前人们就开始研究地球。但限于水平，人们对地球的了解很少。后来，由于环球旅行，人们画出了地图。通过地图，我们可以很容易地了解地球。
1. B细节理解题。根据第二段中计算地球的圆周可知，Eratosthenes认为地球是一个球体。故答案为B。
2. B词义猜测题。由第二段中的第四句“He calculated that the circumference of the Earth was…”，再结合 figure out的宾语size可知，figure out是 calculate“计算”的意思。故选B项。
3. C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的 the first accurate map of the world was not made until the 1890s可知，第一幅精确的地图是在19世纪画出的。故答案为C。
4. A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 Mapmakers could not draw accurate maps of the Earth until people began traveling around the world in the fifteenth century可推知，当人们开始环球旅行时，才开始制作出精确的地图。故答案为A。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四则适合青少年参加的活动广告。
5. C细节理解题。由题干中的 interested in space life可以定位到第二则广告。由第二则广告中的“Are we truly alone in space？Is there any life out there？”可知，此题应选C项。
6. C数字计算题。由题干中的 Secret of the dragon可以定位到第一则广告。由第一则广告中的 Adult：$7. 40 Children half可知，$7. 40+$7. 40=$14. 80，故选C项。
7. A推理判断题。四则广告中都可以进行电话预订，故A项正确。由四则广告中的 Address可知，它们并不都是在同一个地方举办，故排除B项；由四则广告中的Time可知，只有第四项活动是在周末举行，故C项错误；由四则广告中的Cost可知，只有第三项和第四项活动是免费的，故D项错误。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马克·吐温的生平故事。
8. B细节理解题。由第一段马克·吐温的话可知，他预言哈雷彗星第二次出现的时候，他会跟着它一起离开。结果他真的在哈雷彗星再次出现的第二天就去世了。故选B项。
9. D细节理解题。由第二段的“Twain traveled to Europe and made the Europeans friendly to America with his wisdom and humor. 可知，他去欧洲旅行是为了让欧洲人对美国变得友好。故选D项。
10. C推理判断题。通读第三段可知，这一段主要讲了他的工作经历。故选C项。
11. A词义猜测题。由画线单词所在句后面的一句“He lost a great deal of money earned by writing on different investments. ”可知，他在投资方面丢失了很多钱，由此可推断出 impoverished意为“poor”。故选A项。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家研制的由蒸汽驱动的宇宙飞船的相关情况。
12. D细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，飞船在这些宇宙天体上着陆是为了寻找水，转换成蒸汽，使飞船的动力系统正常工作。
13. A细节理解题。根据第五段的 WINE is designed to never run out of propellant可知，因为这种宇宙飞船可以使用水蒸气做动力，在小行星上获得水，所以它的动力是无穷尽的。
14. B推理判断题。根据最后一段的 Such exploration activities can be carried out anywhere there is water可知，这种探索活动可以在任何有水的地方进行。也就是说在宇宙飞行中，水的供应是关键。
15. C标题归纳题。根据第二段的“Now，some American scientists are developing steam power for one of today’s most high technical activities-space exploration. ”可知，文章谈论的主要话题是科学家开发蒸汽驱动的宇宙飞船。因此C项作为文章
的标题最合适。
[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野营的好处，既能高质量地陪伴家人，又可以暂时远离忙碌的生活。
16. E上一句提出“Why go camping？（为什么要去野营呢？）”，下句回答原因。“It gives you the opportunity to do nothing for a weekend or even longer. （它让你有机会在周末甚至更长的时间里什么都不做）”符合语境。故选E项。
17. F根据下一句“从美丽的山脉到适合游泳的淡水湖，你可以选择户外活动去参加”可知，在户外，你可以选择许多种户外活动，只是平时没有机会去体验。“There’s so much beauty in the outdoors and we rarely get the chance to appreciate it. （在户外有这么多的美丽，我们很少有机会欣赏它）”符合语境。故选F项。
18. B根据下一句“你可以在不被打扰的情况下，高质量地陪伴你的朋友和家人，无论是运动、烹饪或简单地交谈”可知，在野营的时间里，是没有工作和电子产品的打扰的。“Make it a rule to keep the electronic games at home. （作为常例把电子游戏放在家里）”符合语境。故选B项。
19. C下一句“You may also learn how to protect yourself from mosquitoes and other insects. （你也可以学习如何保护自己免受蚊子和其他昆虫的叮咬……）”中的also表示递进关系，所以上一句也是在描述学习到的生存技能。“You’ll likely manage to build a fire after a camping trip. （野营后你可能会设法生火）”符合语境。故选C项。
20. G根据前文“When it comes to budget vacations，a camping trip is one of the most economical choices for a family getaway. （it到经济实惠的度假，野营是全家出游最经济的选择之一）”可知，野营是一个省钱的出游计划，所以如果要想全家一起出游，那野营就是最好的选择。“So if you’re looking for a trip that’s going to save money，get out there and set up that tent.所以，如果你想要一次省钱的旅行，那就出去搭个帐篷吧）”符合语境。故选G项。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是 Curfman的狗Midnight敏锐地感知到周围发生了意外，Curfman跟着 Midnight来到邻居摔倒的地方，并在自己妻子的帮助下救起了老妇人。在严寒的天气状况下，这无疑是救了老妇人一命，因此老妇人很感激 Midnight的故事。
21. B根据本句以及下文中对老妇人的帮助可知，Curfman和Midnight是在外面，所以是出去扔垃圾的时候发生的事情，故选 taking out“把……带出去”。send out派出；pick up用车接；hand out分发。
22. C根据下文“It had its ears held up looking at him. ”可知，Midnight的行为（behavior）异乎寻常。sound声音；attention注意appearance外貌，出现。
23. A根据上文可知 Midnight的行为异乎寻常，而它通常不是这样做的，故选 normally正常地”。suddenly突然地；really真正地；frequently频繁地。
24. D Curfman明白一定是发生了什么事，联系 What is up？表示“发生什么事情了？”可知选up“（尤指异常的或不愉快的事情）发生”。down下面；in里面；out外面。
25. D此句是说 Curfman跟着 Midnight到了老妇人摔倒的地方，故选 follow“跟随”。train培训；drive驾驶；walk行走。
26. A此句是说 Curfman发现老妇人躺在（lie）雪地上。move移动；play玩耍；stand站立。
27. A此句是说 Curfman根据当时的状况猜想（guess）老妇人在外面至少半小时了。fear害怕；argue争论；explain解释。
28. C根据上文老妇人躺在雪地上可知，她自己无法起来。此句话是说她自己没有力气（strength），也抓不到任何东西支撑自己起来。time时间；space空间；courage勇气。
29. B get a hold of“抓住，握住”，是固定搭配，且符合此处的语境。view景色，观点；taste品尝；command命令。
30. C此句是说老妇人自己无法起来，幸好 Curfman和 Midnight很快找到（find）了她。save拯救；report报告；visit参观，拜访。
31. C根据本句话中的 lucky可知，尽管老妇人的衣服都湿了，但是很幸运地避免了（avoid）冻伤。face面对；fight对抗；suffer遭受。
32. D根据本句话中他的妻子帮助老妇人换了干的衣服可知，在妻子的帮助下，Curfman是送老妇人回家，故选home“家”。car汽车；garden花园；yard院子。
33. A根据语境可知，此处是指换了干的（dry）衣服。Clean干净的；old旧的；beautiful美丽的。
34. A由上文 Midnight敏感地感知到周围发生了意外，老妇人才被救起可知，老妇人很感激 Midnight，be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人。be close to…与……接近/关系密切；be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁的；be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌的。
35. D由上文 Midnight敏感地感知到周围发生了意外，老妇人才被救起可知，以 Midnight为骄傲，是它应得（deserve）的。expect期望；intend打算；wait等待。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道，嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功软着陆，中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家文章彰显了民族自豪感。
36. touched考查时态。句子主语是 the unmanned Change-4 probe，谓语动词是 touch。根据时间状语 last week可判断用一般过去时。touch down意为“（飞机等）降落，着陆”。
37. extremely考查词性转换（形容词变副词）。修饰形容词challenging应用 extreme的副词形式 extremely。
38. where考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰 a spot，且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词 where。
39. interest考查词性转换（形容词变名词）。此处是“be of+名词”结构，be of interest to sb. 意为“对某人有吸引力”。
40. than考查 more. than…的用法。根据前面的比较级more可知此处是将 the far side of the moon和 the familiar near side进行比较，故填than。
41. to find考查非谓语动词（不定式）。use sth. to do sth. 表示“用某物做某事”，不定式表示目的。
42. means考查时态和主谓一致。根据直接引语中的 excites可判断用一般现在时；主语是it，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
43. is constructed考查时态和语态。整句话的时态为一般现在时，且 the moon与 construct（组成，构成）之间是被动关系，故用般现在时的被动语态。
44. much考查 how much的用法。此处意为“它含有多少冰和其他宝藏”，所填词修饰ice，故用much。
45. its考查代词。所填词修饰后面的 plans，故填it的形容词性物主代词形式its。
第一节 One possible version：
Stephen Hawking is one of the most famous physicists and cosmologists. At the age of 21，Hawking suffered from a strange disease but he never lost confidence and survived strongly. He was optimistic about life.
Hawking came up with the theories of black holes and grey holes. He wrote a book named A Brief history of Time，which has been translated into more than 40 languages.
In March，2018，Hawking passed away. He will be respected and remembered by the world for his great achievements in science.
第二节 One possible version：
Eventually the shop owner came out and moved to the counter. There，before Bobbys eyes，lay twelve red roses，with leaves of green and tiny white flowers all tied together with a big silver tape. Bobbys heart sank as the owner placed them gently into a long white box. “That will be ten cents，young man，”the shop owner said，reaching out his hand for the dime. Slowly，Bobby moved his hand to give the man his dime. Could this be true？He wondered.
With the bunch of beautiful roses in his hands，Bobby backed off and then turned and ran. within a few minutes. he was at home. Still breathless. Look，mother，what have I got for you？"Bobby called out in the backyard. His mother came out from inside the house. She could hardly believe her eyes upon seeing the beautiful flowers in front of her.
“Merry Christmas!” Bobby said and began to tell her everything he had experienced in the flower shop. Tearfully, mother hugged her son in her arms. Standing in the bitter cold air, they somehow didn’t feel cold at all.
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