人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册 Unit4Space Exploration Grammar-动词不定式 导学案
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册 Unit4Space Exploration Grammar-动词不定式 导学案 |  | |
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Unit4 Grammar-动词不定式 导学案
Part1. Observe the sentences carefully and mark the usages of the infinitives:
1. It is an important skill to learn to think critically . (2019天津) ___________
2. But some students didn’t want to wear the uniform. (2019浙江) ___________
3. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software. ___________
4. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. ___________
5. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. ___________
6. Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams. (2016江苏) ___________
Part2. 动词不定式的作用
1 主语 (subject) 2 宾语 (object) 3 表语 (predicative)
4 定语 (attribute) 5 状语 (adverbial) 6 宾补 (object complement)
1.不定式作主语 (subject)
① To keep smiling is healthy for you.
② It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
注意：
◆单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用______。
◆若不定式太长,往往用_______作形式主语,不定式后置。
It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.
★for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征,特点（important/ necessary / interesting 等.）
★of : adj. 多为描述主语的品质（kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.）
Practice:
1. It is important ______us to live a low-carbon life.
2. It was generous ______him to contribute so much .
3. It took them 1,000 yuan _________this table. (buy)
4. 从幼儿园时期就教育孩子做一名负责任的市民是个好主意。
________________ to be responsible citizens from kindergarten .
2.不定式作宾语 (object)
<1> 动词+ to do
Yao Ming likes to play basketball.
决定学好，（就）设法努力 decide/determine, learn , manage, try 拒绝承诺；（就）假装同意； refuse, promise, pretend, agree 想要帮忙，（就）选好计划 want, help, choose, plan 希望关心；（就）主动等待 hope/wish/expect, offer, wait 碰巧威胁，（也）不能付钱 happen, fail, afford
<2>.不定式有时和wh-词构成宾语.
下一步干什么你决定了吗
①Have you decided ____________next
我不知道怎么做它。
②I didn’t know ______________it.
<3> 主语+谓语+it+ adj./n. +to do
句型：think/ consider/ find / feel / believe / make it + adj/n.+ to do (6123结构)
Imitation:
①Modern cameras and the Internet ______________to be famous nowadays. (让......更困难)
② This special strain of rice ______________________20% more of the crop in the same fields. (让生产成为可能) (Book 4unit2)
3. 不定式作表语 (predicative)
1、主语 + be + to do sth
主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work / job 等 名词
1. My ambition is to be a doctor.
2. His work is to do........
4. 不定式作定语
1)不定式做定语时常放在被修饰词的后面. (常常表示将来的动作)
① I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision.
②The Beatle's songs changed the lives of generation to come. （19年浙江卷）
③ Some scientists were determined to help human realize their dream to explore space.
2).当名词被 the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时:
On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
3). 如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面需适当的介词:
① Please pass me some paper to write ____.
② She has a nice pen to write _____.
Practice:
① 忘掉悲伤的最好方法是将自己投入到工作中去。
The best way ______________ is to bury yourself in your work.
②你有一封信要写吗？
Have you got a letter _________
③ 明天举办的会议很重要.
The meeting __________ tomorrow is of vital importance.
5. 不定式作状语 (adverbial)
(1)做目的状语，常用的结构：to do ; in order to do; so as to do
①As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
② I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
(2) 做结果状语: 表示出乎意料的结果，其前面时常有副词only. 常用于以下结构：only to…
③They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
④We hurried to the train station only ___________ the train had left. （tell）
高考链接：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别
<1>. The old man returned home only to find that his daughter had got married.
<2>. He died from a sudden traffic accident，leaving his family even worse off.
(3)不定式做原因状语：
一般用在be+ adj. (表情感）后：说明产生这种情绪的原因.
<1>. We were surprised to find that he had already left.
<2>. She was disappointed to learn the news.
6. 不定式作宾补 (object complement)
1) 动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth.
My mum asks me _________________two hours on a daily basis.
常用的动词有：ask; allow; advise; want; tell; order; teach; expect, require; cause; force ; permit ; encourage; urge；enable；warn; forbid; get; invite; persuade; remind; call on; depend on
2、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式
感官动词：一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 五看：see, notice, watch, look at, observe
使役动词let, make, have
注意：◆但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：
They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.
The boy was seen _______ suddenly from the tree.
Practice:
1. Let him _______ the work at once. (finish / to finish)
2. Do you like listening to other people______ (talk / talking/to talk )
3. Jim was seen _________the room. (enter /to enter )
4. Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）
PART 3: 动词不定式的基本形式
形式 主动 被动
一般式
进行式
完成式
不定式的语态
<1>. It is a privilege for me ______________ to attend the meeting. (invite)
<2>. Everyone likes the hero__________________ (praise).
<3>. He is very pleased to _______________ _(give)a chance to go abroad.
主动形式表被动意义的不定式 !
1. 主语＋be + adj.+ to do
能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult , easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, nice, good, interesting, heavy, dangerous, etc.
★ The question is very easy to answer.
★ The man is difficult to deal with.
★ The morning air is so good to breathe.
2. with sth to do (with复合结构)
With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the newly elected president is having hard time.
3. want/need/require/deserve + doing / to be done
The house requires / needs / wants repairing.
= ______________________________________________________________
PART 4: Consolidation:
一、语法填空。
1. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans
_________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. (2019·全国II卷)
2. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _________ (perform) consistently over a large area. ((2019·全国I卷))
3. Her job was ________ (look) after the sick boy.
4. Using current technology, it would take over two years ________ (get) to the closest planet.
5. I didn't mean _________（eat）anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______(try) it. (2018天津)
6. He is thought __________ _(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(2018·江西)
7. The project_________________ by the end of 2021, will expand the city's telephone network .(accomplish)
8. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ____________(process) the food that we eat.(2017全国)
9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what __________ in my new job. (expect)
10. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ___________(find) it didn’t fit.(2019天津)
11. I feel it exciting _______ (see) the movie wolf warriors which Wu Jing directed and starred in.
12. You appear ______________ (travel) to quite a lot of places around the world.
二、句子翻译。
1.在2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立自主地把人类送入太空的国家。（the third ….to do）
2.他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人们带到太空去发现宇宙的秘密。(to do)
3. 有人看见小偷进了银行。（被动语态）
4.按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。（it is....）
5.新技术使快速生产新产品成为可能。(make it possible to do)
6.教育的目的是培养孩子好的品格。（...is to do...）
2 / 2
Part1. Observe the sentences carefully and mark the usages of the infinitives:
1. It is an important skill to learn to think critically . (2019天津) ___________
2. But some students didn’t want to wear the uniform. (2019浙江) ___________
3. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software. ___________
4. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. ___________
5. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. ___________
6. Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams. (2016江苏) ___________
Part2. 动词不定式的作用
1 主语 (subject) 2 宾语 (object) 3 表语 (predicative)
4 定语 (attribute) 5 状语 (adverbial) 6 宾补 (object complement)
1.不定式作主语 (subject)
① To keep smiling is healthy for you.
② It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
注意：
◆单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用______。
◆若不定式太长,往往用_______作形式主语,不定式后置。
It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.
★for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征,特点（important/ necessary / interesting 等.）
★of : adj. 多为描述主语的品质（kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.）
Practice:
1. It is important ______us to live a low-carbon life.
2. It was generous ______him to contribute so much .
3. It took them 1,000 yuan _________this table. (buy)
4. 从幼儿园时期就教育孩子做一名负责任的市民是个好主意。
________________ to be responsible citizens from kindergarten .
2.不定式作宾语 (object)
<1> 动词+ to do
Yao Ming likes to play basketball.
决定学好，（就）设法努力 decide/determine, learn , manage, try 拒绝承诺；（就）假装同意； refuse, promise, pretend, agree 想要帮忙，（就）选好计划 want, help, choose, plan 希望关心；（就）主动等待 hope/wish/expect, offer, wait 碰巧威胁，（也）不能付钱 happen, fail, afford
<2>.不定式有时和wh-词构成宾语.
下一步干什么你决定了吗
①Have you decided ____________next
我不知道怎么做它。
②I didn’t know ______________it.
<3> 主语+谓语+it+ adj./n. +to do
句型：think/ consider/ find / feel / believe / make it + adj/n.+ to do (6123结构)
Imitation:
①Modern cameras and the Internet ______________to be famous nowadays. (让......更困难)
② This special strain of rice ______________________20% more of the crop in the same fields. (让生产成为可能) (Book 4unit2)
3. 不定式作表语 (predicative)
1、主语 + be + to do sth
主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work / job 等 名词
1. My ambition is to be a doctor.
2. His work is to do........
4. 不定式作定语
1)不定式做定语时常放在被修饰词的后面. (常常表示将来的动作)
① I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision.
②The Beatle's songs changed the lives of generation to come. （19年浙江卷）
③ Some scientists were determined to help human realize their dream to explore space.
2).当名词被 the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时:
On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
3). 如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面需适当的介词:
① Please pass me some paper to write ____.
② She has a nice pen to write _____.
Practice:
① 忘掉悲伤的最好方法是将自己投入到工作中去。
The best way ______________ is to bury yourself in your work.
②你有一封信要写吗？
Have you got a letter _________
③ 明天举办的会议很重要.
The meeting __________ tomorrow is of vital importance.
5. 不定式作状语 (adverbial)
(1)做目的状语，常用的结构：to do ; in order to do; so as to do
①As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
② I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
(2) 做结果状语: 表示出乎意料的结果，其前面时常有副词only. 常用于以下结构：only to…
③They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
④We hurried to the train station only ___________ the train had left. （tell）
高考链接：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别
<1>. The old man returned home only to find that his daughter had got married.
<2>. He died from a sudden traffic accident，leaving his family even worse off.
(3)不定式做原因状语：
一般用在be+ adj. (表情感）后：说明产生这种情绪的原因.
<1>. We were surprised to find that he had already left.
<2>. She was disappointed to learn the news.
6. 不定式作宾补 (object complement)
1) 动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth.
My mum asks me _________________two hours on a daily basis.
常用的动词有：ask; allow; advise; want; tell; order; teach; expect, require; cause; force ; permit ; encourage; urge；enable；warn; forbid; get; invite; persuade; remind; call on; depend on
2、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式
感官动词：一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 五看：see, notice, watch, look at, observe
使役动词let, make, have
注意：◆但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：
They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.
The boy was seen _______ suddenly from the tree.
Practice:
1. Let him _______ the work at once. (finish / to finish)
2. Do you like listening to other people______ (talk / talking/to talk )
3. Jim was seen _________the room. (enter /to enter )
4. Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）
PART 3: 动词不定式的基本形式
形式 主动 被动
一般式
进行式
完成式
不定式的语态
<1>. It is a privilege for me ______________ to attend the meeting. (invite)
<2>. Everyone likes the hero__________________ (praise).
<3>. He is very pleased to _______________ _(give)a chance to go abroad.
主动形式表被动意义的不定式 !
1. 主语＋be + adj.+ to do
能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult , easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, nice, good, interesting, heavy, dangerous, etc.
★ The question is very easy to answer.
★ The man is difficult to deal with.
★ The morning air is so good to breathe.
2. with sth to do (with复合结构)
With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the newly elected president is having hard time.
3. want/need/require/deserve + doing / to be done
The house requires / needs / wants repairing.
= ______________________________________________________________
PART 4: Consolidation:
一、语法填空。
1. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans
_________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. (2019·全国II卷)
2. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _________ (perform) consistently over a large area. ((2019·全国I卷))
3. Her job was ________ (look) after the sick boy.
4. Using current technology, it would take over two years ________ (get) to the closest planet.
5. I didn't mean _________（eat）anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______(try) it. (2018天津)
6. He is thought __________ _(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(2018·江西)
7. The project_________________ by the end of 2021, will expand the city's telephone network .(accomplish)
8. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ____________(process) the food that we eat.(2017全国)
9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what __________ in my new job. (expect)
10. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ___________(find) it didn’t fit.(2019天津)
11. I feel it exciting _______ (see) the movie wolf warriors which Wu Jing directed and starred in.
12. You appear ______________ (travel) to quite a lot of places around the world.
二、句子翻译。
1.在2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立自主地把人类送入太空的国家。（the third ….to do）
2.他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人们带到太空去发现宇宙的秘密。(to do)
3. 有人看见小偷进了银行。（被动语态）
4.按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。（it is....）
5.新技术使快速生产新产品成为可能。(make it possible to do)
6.教育的目的是培养孩子好的品格。（...is to do...）
2 / 2