人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册 学案Unit4 Space Exploration单元考点突破（有答案）
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名师原创：Unit4 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. determined adj. 决意的; 坚决的; 坚定的
【原句再现】
However，some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
determine vt. & vi决心; 决意; 确定; 查明; vt是…的决定因素; 影响
determination n. 决定; 决心;果断
a determined look. 坚定的神情
a determined young man 意志坚定的年轻人
carry out the plan with determination坚决执行计划
sb. (be) determined to do sth. 某人决心/决定做某事
sb. determine to do sth. 某人决心/决定做某事
【精品例句】
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
人生最重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标，并下定决心去实现它
Demand determines supply.需求决定供给
Investigators are still trying to determine what caused the fire.
调查人员仍在设法找出失火的原因
It is your efforts, not your intelligence, that determine your success.
决定成功的是努力而非智力
She determined that nothing should be changed in her report.
她决意不对自己的报告作任何修改
We determined on an early start.我们决定早点出发
He has determined on going tomorrow.他已决定明天去
She gave me a determined look - the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind.
她给了我一个坚定的眼神 表明她是不会改变主意的
Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good.
惊奇于他们的技术是如此娴熟，我决心要跟他们一样优秀
【高考链接】
If we have the courage and _____________ (determine), we will finally get the sunshine we want. (北京卷) (determination)
My father ________ (determine) that none of his children would be denied an education. (福建新课改卷) (was determined)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I determine _______ (make) more efforts to improve my English. (to make)
2. transmit vt.&vi. 传输；发送
【原句再现】
....and it still transmits data today. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
transmit sth.(from)．..to …把某物(从……)传到……
transmitter n. 发射台；传播者
transmission n. 传播；发射
【精品例句】
The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over 50 countries.
典礼通过卫星向50多个国家进行了实况转播
We can receive the signals transmitted from a satellite in space.
我们可以接收通过太空的卫星传送的信号
Why do we have to transmit the data to the computer of our school
为什么我们要把数据传到学校的电脑中？
【高考链接】
The (transmit) of the disease has been controlled now. (江苏卷) (transmission)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The message was transmitted a radio station to audience. (from)
It's generally believed that schools are (transmitter) or moral values. (transmitters)
3. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
【原句再现】
These disasters make everyone sad and disappointed... (教材P41)
【词块积累】
be disappointed about/at/in...对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 做某事失望
be disappointed that... 感到失望……
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappoint sb. 使某人失望
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
【精品例句】
They were deeply disappointed at losing the race.
比赛输了，他们很沮丧
These jobs didn't pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed at their new life in the city.
这些工作报酬不高，而且人们感到孤独，对城市的新生活感到失望
The film was built up to be a masterpiece，but I found it very disappointing.
这部影片被吹捧为杰作，可是我觉得令人失望
【高考链接】
The next day，we got a (disappoint) message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. (陕西卷) (disappointing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint)．(disappointed)
To my great (disappoint)，the council refused to consider my proposal. (disappointment)
4. desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
【原句再现】
...but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41).
【词块积累】
desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
desirable adj. 想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
悄悄告诉你：desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
【精品例句】
Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻
I desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.
我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉
He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.
他总是强烈渴望着学习飞行
【高考链接】
She has a strong desire _____ knowledge and wants to go to college very much. (陕西卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We always desire (live) in peace with all the other countries in the world. (to live)
He had a strong desire (free) her family from trouble. (to free)
She had a strong desire ___ fame. (for)
5. carry on 继续做，坚持干
【原句再现】
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (教材P41)
【词块积累】
carry on with... 继续……
carry on a conversation 继续对话
carry out 完成；实行；执行
carry out the plan 实施计划
carry out an experiment 做试验
carry through 帮……渡过(难关等)
【精品例句】
Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢？
Don't stop. Please carry on.
别停，请继续
She threw the ball back to the boy and then carried on reading her book.
她把球扔回给男孩，然后继续看她的书
Can you carry on with your work while I am away
我不在的时候你能继续干你的活吗？
After he left I just tried to carry on as usual.
他离开后，我只管尽力像往常一样继续干
We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions
尽管条件极其困难，我们仍必须坚持下去，直到成功
【高考链接】
I hate it when she calls me at work--I'm always too busy to carry ___ a conversation with her. (on) (陕西卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
If you carry on (work) like that，you will break down sooner or later. (working)
They carry on their experiment despite strong opposition. (with)
6. on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
【原句再现】
It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board... (教材P41)
【词块积累】
board vt.&vi. 上船/车/飞机等
aboard adv.&prep. 上船/飞机/车；在船/飞机/车上
go aboard the ship/the plane/the train＝board the ship/the plane/the train上船/飞机/火车等
abroad adj. 国外的
go abroad 出国
home and abroad 国内外
【精品例句】
Have all the passengers gone on board yet
所有乘客都登机了吗？
They have gone on board.
他们已经上船了
All the visitors on board were asked to show their passports.
飞机上所有的参观者都被要求出示护照
【高考链接】
That afternoon the train，the cousins settled down in their seats. （山东卷）
(aboard)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Please the train immediately. (board)
Please pay attention to the news from home and . (aboard)
7. independently adv. 独立地；自立地
【原句再现】
China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003... (教材P41)
【词块积累】
be independent of…独立于；不受……约束
independence n. 独立；自主
gain independence(from) (脱离……)获得独立
dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的
be dependent on 依靠，依赖
depend on(＝rely on) 依靠，依赖
【精品例句】
The two departments work independently of each other.
这两个部门独立运作
It was the first time that he had lived independently.
那是她第一次独立生活
The police force should be independent of direct government control.
警方应该不受政府的直接控制
【高考链接】
As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be (depend)．(independent) (江西课改卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The country gained full independence Britain in 1960，when people couldn't hide their excitement. (from)
When the delayed flight will take off depends much ____ the weather. (on)
8. signal vt. &vi. 标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志
【原句再现】
This signaled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future. (教材P41)
【词块积累】
signal to sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (to sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
a traffic signal 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
【精品例句】
As soon as it was dark, Mrs Evans gave the signal.
天一黑，埃文斯夫人就发出了信号
You mustn't fire without my signal.
没有我的信号不许开枪
In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.
为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动
【高考链接】
He stood up， ___ (signal) to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client. (山东卷) (signaling)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
As soon as he sat down at the table, he signaled __ the waiter to bring the menu. (to)
The policeman signaled the driver (stop) his car by raising his hand. (to stop)
9. figure out 弄明白; 计算出
【原句再现】
Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey （教材P42）
【词块积累】
the latest trade figures 最新的贸易数据
have a head for figures 有数学头脑
keep one’s figure 保持体形
have a good figure 身材很好
a public/political/a leading/an authority figure公众/政治/领军/ 权威人物
a public / a leading / an authority figure公众/领军/ 权威人物
a tall figure in black一个黑衣高个子人影
【精品例句】
I figure he'll be back soon.我认为他很快就会回来。
I'm just figuring my expenses.我在计算我的开销
John figured out how to guess the right answers, so he got good grades.
约翰弄清楚了如何猜对答案， 所以得了高分。
【高考链接】
He got a job, earning close to six figures. （陕西卷.阅读篇）
The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure ____ its reality. （湖北卷.完型）(out)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
如今，每个女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大尤其如此
(Every woman wants a slim figure nowadays, especially in Canada. )
旅行要花多少费用你算出来没有
(Have you figured out how much the trip will cost )
10. argue 争论v，争辩
【原句再现】
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.（教材P44）
词块积累】
argument n. 争论，辩论；论证；论据; 理由; 论点
argue with sb. about/over …= have an argument with sb. about/over…就某事与某人争论/辩论/争吵
without argument 无可争辩
argue sb. into /out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
argue for / against sth./doing sth.为支持（赞成）/反对….而争论
it is beyond argument that..是无可争辩的
【精品例句】
Do they often argue with each other about the time and place of a meeting
他们经常为会议的时间和地点相互争吵吗？
She argued for / against cutting the budget.她据理主张/反对削减预算
Settle the question by argument, not by fighting.解决这个问题要靠说理，而不是靠打架
【高考链接】
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes.
有些人论证说有天赋的孩子应该被分在专门的班级里(广东卷. 阅读篇)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
My parents were _____ a huge argument, and I was really upset about it. (in)
We all found his ________ (argue) convincing and interesting. (argument)
11. result n. 结果，成果，成绩；vi. 发生，导致
【原句再现】
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
the football results 足球比赛结果
get good results 取得好成绩
as a result (of) 作为…的结果
result from 由…引起/发生/产生
result in 造成，导致=lead to=bring about
【精品例句】
If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.
如果你相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好结果
This book is the result of 25 years of research. 这本书是25年的研究成果
Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.
爱丽丝今早上睡过了，结果上班迟到了
About 21million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.
二十世纪九十年代，大约有2100万人死于吸烟
Pollution and other serious problems have resulted from human progress.
人类的发展引起了污染和其它严重问题
I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.
我认识到，叫嚣和威胁惩罚会导致祸端
【高考链接】
Jenny nearly missed the flight _____ doing too much shopping. (全国卷)
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
My friend Martin was very sick with a stranger fever, ____, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise
12. limited adj.有限的;不多的
【原句再现】
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realize that our planet’s resources are limited. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
limit n. 界限; 边界; 限度; 限制; 极限; vt. 限制; 限定
limitable adj.可限制的
limitless adj.无限(制)的
limitation n. 限制; 局限
in the city limits在市区内
within a twenty-mile limit二十英里范围内
a time / speed limit时间/速度限制
within limits of…在…范围内
limit ...to…将.限制在(某范围内)
There is no limit to... ……是无限的
without limit 无限(制)地
【精品例句】
He tried my patience to its limits. 他把我的耐心逼到了极限
I'm willing to help, within limits. 我愿意适度地帮忙
Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year
一些国家甚至限制每年到他们国家的游客数量
A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities.
缺乏正规教育会限制你的就业机会
I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.
我认为教学不应该局限于教室之内
I limit myself to two cups of coffee a day. 我只允许自己一天喝两杯咖啡
The amount of money we have is limited. 我们现有的钱
【高考链接】
Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also our thinking. (湖北)
direct B. limit C. change D. improve (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This dictionary uses a _____ (limit) number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. (limited)
You should limit your speed ____ 70 kilometer per hour. (to)
13. provide. vt. 赡养，提供
【原句再现】
In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day he our new home. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for/to sb. 为某人提供……
provided/providing(that 从句) 假如；如果
provide for 抚养，供养
【精品例句】
Community schools provide good quality education for children.
社区学校为孩子们提供 质量的教育
My goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活
She needs her new, busy work to provide for her family.
她的新工作很繁忙，但她需要它来养家糊口
I will play tennis provided that we've finished by 5 pm.
要是我们5点结束，我就去打网球
The Red Cross provides food and shelter for disaster victims.
红十字会给灾民们提供食物和住处
比较：offer侧重表示主动而且“愿意给予”，常用offer sb. Sth.或 offer to do sth结构
" She offered a reward for the return of her lost mobile phone.
她为寻回遗失的手机提出以酬金答谢 He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出替我去
supply通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supply sb with sth或supply sth. to sb. 结构
Trees can supply/ provide shade in summer 夏天，树能提供荫凉
The butcher supplies us with meat这个卖肉的供应我们肉
【高考链接】
This is a group that specializes in providing houses and services ______ needy people.(四川课改卷) (to/for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The project is designed to provide young people ______ work. (with)
14. attach vt. 系; 贴; 连接；vt&vi (正式用语) 与…有关联；vt. 重视; 认为...重要
【原句再现】
While stepping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. (教材P46)
【词块积累】
attached adj. 附着的
attachment n. 附件; 附属品
attach great importance to sth. 认为…重要
the advantage that attaches to wealth. 与财富有关的有利条件
【精品例句
I attached a photo to my application form. 我在中 请表上贴了一张照片
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.
坦白地说，很多人把名声和财富看得很重
Learning strategies, to which teachers attach importance/significance, haven’t drawn enough attention of students.
老师认为重要的学习策略还没有引起学生们足够的注意 (湖北课改卷)
the attached application form所附的申请表; 附属于
The research center is attached to the university. 这家研究中心附属于这所大学
Please do not send your resume by attachment. 请勿以附件形式发送简历
【高考链接】
My parents always ______ great importance to my getting a good education. (天津卷)
A. have B. attach C. accept D. pay (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The company is attached _____ America. (to)
●本单元重要词组
15. In the hope of doing sth. 怀着…..的希望
Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe. (教材P41)
He’s writing to his mother in the hope of communicating with her.
16. in closing 最后
In closing，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. (教材P44)
In closing, the headmaster help the student solve the problem.
17. run out (of) 用完；耗尽
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out. (教材P45)
In the future, caring for the environment will become very important as earth’s nature resources run out.
●句型点拨
1. 不定式作后置定语
【原句再现】
....on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. (教材P40)
句式分析：to go into space 是不定式作后置定语，修饰the first person
【句式拓展】
※ 当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
※动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。
【精品例句】
She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games.
她是在第29届奥运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯
He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人
There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact you failed.
远处的村子里没有信号，所有联系你的尝试也失败了
【高考链接】
She was the first woman (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (陕西卷)
(to win)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He is always the first (come) and the last _____ (leave). (to come, to leave)
Thank you for giving me the chance (make) the speech.(to make)
2. This is because...句型
【原句再现】
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (教材P41)
句式分析：此句为主从复合句，because引导表语从句，句式结构为This/That was/is because...
【能力拓展】
※ This/That is because...意为“这/那是因为……”，用来表示原因
※ This/That is why...意为“这/那是为什么……”，用来表示结果
※ The reason why...is that....意为“……的原因就是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句
【精品例句】
This is because in the early days of radio，those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语
He was late for school. This was because his bike was broken.
他上学迟到是因为自行车坏了
He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.
他没有赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了
The reason why he was disappointed was that he failed in the exam.
他失望的原因是他考试失败
He got up late，and this is why he missed the first bus this morning.
他起晚了，这就是他为什么没赶上第一班车的原因
【高考链接】
The reason ___ we have to study computer is ___ it becomes more and more useful in our daily life. (湖北卷) （why, that）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He did not see the film last night. That is he had to help his little sister with her homework. (because)
He and I have worked together for a couple of years；that's _______ I know him pretty
well. (why)
3. not only...but also….句型, 不但… 而且…
【原句再现】
Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future. (教材P41)
句式分析：not only...but also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
【能力拓展】
※ not only...but also...结构表示“不但/仅……而且……”，通常可以连接两个并列的谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子
※ not only A but also B＝B as well as A
※ not only...but also...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，not only所在的分句要部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装
※ not only...but also...连接并列主语时，遵守“就近原则”
※ not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略
【精品例句】
He works not only on weekdays but also on weekends as well.
他不仅平时工作，周末也工作
Franklin was considered not only an inventor，but also a statesman.
富兰克林不仅被看作发明家而且也是一名政治家
Not only does the sun give us light but it also gives us heat.
太阳不仅给我们光还给我们热
Classic works not only offer you joy and excitement，but also encourage you to think critically.
古典名著不仅带给你快乐和刺激，还鼓励你批判性地思考
Future scope is not only for individuals，but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.
观测未来主题公园不仅仅适合个人(旅游)，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习的完美结合
【高考链接】
Not only __ we forget to turn off the light in the kitchen，but we also failed to lock the front door. (辽宁卷) (did)
【考点训练】
To achieve“Chinese dream” will benefit not only Chinese people __ also people across the world. (but)
Not only the children but also their coach (like) playing football. (likes)
●动词不定式（详见语法课件）
1 / 17
●词汇精讲
1. determined adj. 决意的; 坚决的; 坚定的
【原句再现】
However，some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
determine vt. & vi决心; 决意; 确定; 查明; vt是…的决定因素; 影响
determination n. 决定; 决心;果断
a determined look. 坚定的神情
a determined young man 意志坚定的年轻人
carry out the plan with determination坚决执行计划
sb. (be) determined to do sth. 某人决心/决定做某事
sb. determine to do sth. 某人决心/决定做某事
【精品例句】
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
人生最重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标，并下定决心去实现它
Demand determines supply.需求决定供给
Investigators are still trying to determine what caused the fire.
调查人员仍在设法找出失火的原因
It is your efforts, not your intelligence, that determine your success.
决定成功的是努力而非智力
She determined that nothing should be changed in her report.
她决意不对自己的报告作任何修改
We determined on an early start.我们决定早点出发
He has determined on going tomorrow.他已决定明天去
She gave me a determined look - the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind.
她给了我一个坚定的眼神 表明她是不会改变主意的
Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good.
惊奇于他们的技术是如此娴熟，我决心要跟他们一样优秀
【高考链接】
If we have the courage and _____________ (determine), we will finally get the sunshine we want. (北京卷) (determination)
My father ________ (determine) that none of his children would be denied an education. (福建新课改卷) (was determined)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I determine _______ (make) more efforts to improve my English. (to make)
2. transmit vt.&vi. 传输；发送
【原句再现】
....and it still transmits data today. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
transmit sth.(from)．..to …把某物(从……)传到……
transmitter n. 发射台；传播者
transmission n. 传播；发射
【精品例句】
The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over 50 countries.
典礼通过卫星向50多个国家进行了实况转播
We can receive the signals transmitted from a satellite in space.
我们可以接收通过太空的卫星传送的信号
Why do we have to transmit the data to the computer of our school
为什么我们要把数据传到学校的电脑中？
【高考链接】
The (transmit) of the disease has been controlled now. (江苏卷) (transmission)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The message was transmitted a radio station to audience. (from)
It's generally believed that schools are (transmitter) or moral values. (transmitters)
3. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
【原句再现】
These disasters make everyone sad and disappointed... (教材P41)
【词块积累】
be disappointed about/at/in...对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 做某事失望
be disappointed that... 感到失望……
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappoint sb. 使某人失望
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
【精品例句】
They were deeply disappointed at losing the race.
比赛输了，他们很沮丧
These jobs didn't pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed at their new life in the city.
这些工作报酬不高，而且人们感到孤独，对城市的新生活感到失望
The film was built up to be a masterpiece，but I found it very disappointing.
这部影片被吹捧为杰作，可是我觉得令人失望
【高考链接】
The next day，we got a (disappoint) message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. (陕西卷) (disappointing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint)．(disappointed)
To my great (disappoint)，the council refused to consider my proposal. (disappointment)
4. desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
【原句再现】
...but the desire to explore the universe never died. (教材P41).
【词块积累】
desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
desirable adj. 想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
悄悄告诉你：desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
【精品例句】
Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻
I desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.
我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉
He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.
他总是强烈渴望着学习飞行
【高考链接】
She has a strong desire _____ knowledge and wants to go to college very much. (陕西卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We always desire (live) in peace with all the other countries in the world. (to live)
He had a strong desire (free) her family from trouble. (to free)
She had a strong desire ___ fame. (for)
5. carry on 继续做，坚持干
【原句再现】
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (教材P41)
【词块积累】
carry on with... 继续……
carry on a conversation 继续对话
carry out 完成；实行；执行
carry out the plan 实施计划
carry out an experiment 做试验
carry through 帮……渡过(难关等)
【精品例句】
Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢？
Don't stop. Please carry on.
别停，请继续
She threw the ball back to the boy and then carried on reading her book.
她把球扔回给男孩，然后继续看她的书
Can you carry on with your work while I am away
我不在的时候你能继续干你的活吗？
After he left I just tried to carry on as usual.
他离开后，我只管尽力像往常一样继续干
We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions
尽管条件极其困难，我们仍必须坚持下去，直到成功
【高考链接】
I hate it when she calls me at work--I'm always too busy to carry ___ a conversation with her. (on) (陕西卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
If you carry on (work) like that，you will break down sooner or later. (working)
They carry on their experiment despite strong opposition. (with)
6. on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
【原句再现】
It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board... (教材P41)
【词块积累】
board vt.&vi. 上船/车/飞机等
aboard adv.&prep. 上船/飞机/车；在船/飞机/车上
go aboard the ship/the plane/the train＝board the ship/the plane/the train上船/飞机/火车等
abroad adj. 国外的
go abroad 出国
home and abroad 国内外
【精品例句】
Have all the passengers gone on board yet
所有乘客都登机了吗？
They have gone on board.
他们已经上船了
All the visitors on board were asked to show their passports.
飞机上所有的参观者都被要求出示护照
【高考链接】
That afternoon the train，the cousins settled down in their seats. （山东卷）
(aboard)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Please the train immediately. (board)
Please pay attention to the news from home and . (aboard)
7. independently adv. 独立地；自立地
【原句再现】
China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003... (教材P41)
【词块积累】
be independent of…独立于；不受……约束
independence n. 独立；自主
gain independence(from) (脱离……)获得独立
dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的
be dependent on 依靠，依赖
depend on(＝rely on) 依靠，依赖
【精品例句】
The two departments work independently of each other.
这两个部门独立运作
It was the first time that he had lived independently.
那是她第一次独立生活
The police force should be independent of direct government control.
警方应该不受政府的直接控制
【高考链接】
As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be (depend)．(independent) (江西课改卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The country gained full independence Britain in 1960，when people couldn't hide their excitement. (from)
When the delayed flight will take off depends much ____ the weather. (on)
8. signal vt. &vi. 标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志
【原句再现】
This signaled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future. (教材P41)
【词块积累】
signal to sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (to sb.) that... 示意(某人)……
a traffic signal 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
【精品例句】
As soon as it was dark, Mrs Evans gave the signal.
天一黑，埃文斯夫人就发出了信号
You mustn't fire without my signal.
没有我的信号不许开枪
In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.
为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动
【高考链接】
He stood up， ___ (signal) to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client. (山东卷) (signaling)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
As soon as he sat down at the table, he signaled __ the waiter to bring the menu. (to)
The policeman signaled the driver (stop) his car by raising his hand. (to stop)
9. figure out 弄明白; 计算出
【原句再现】
Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey （教材P42）
【词块积累】
the latest trade figures 最新的贸易数据
have a head for figures 有数学头脑
keep one’s figure 保持体形
have a good figure 身材很好
a public/political/a leading/an authority figure公众/政治/领军/ 权威人物
a public / a leading / an authority figure公众/领军/ 权威人物
a tall figure in black一个黑衣高个子人影
【精品例句】
I figure he'll be back soon.我认为他很快就会回来。
I'm just figuring my expenses.我在计算我的开销
John figured out how to guess the right answers, so he got good grades.
约翰弄清楚了如何猜对答案， 所以得了高分。
【高考链接】
He got a job, earning close to six figures. （陕西卷.阅读篇）
The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure ____ its reality. （湖北卷.完型）(out)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
如今，每个女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大尤其如此
(Every woman wants a slim figure nowadays, especially in Canada. )
旅行要花多少费用你算出来没有
(Have you figured out how much the trip will cost )
10. argue 争论v，争辩
【原句再现】
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.（教材P44）
词块积累】
argument n. 争论，辩论；论证；论据; 理由; 论点
argue with sb. about/over …= have an argument with sb. about/over…就某事与某人争论/辩论/争吵
without argument 无可争辩
argue sb. into /out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
argue for / against sth./doing sth.为支持（赞成）/反对….而争论
it is beyond argument that..是无可争辩的
【精品例句】
Do they often argue with each other about the time and place of a meeting
他们经常为会议的时间和地点相互争吵吗？
She argued for / against cutting the budget.她据理主张/反对削减预算
Settle the question by argument, not by fighting.解决这个问题要靠说理，而不是靠打架
【高考链接】
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes.
有些人论证说有天赋的孩子应该被分在专门的班级里(广东卷. 阅读篇)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
My parents were _____ a huge argument, and I was really upset about it. (in)
We all found his ________ (argue) convincing and interesting. (argument)
11. result n. 结果，成果，成绩；vi. 发生，导致
【原句再现】
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
the football results 足球比赛结果
get good results 取得好成绩
as a result (of) 作为…的结果
result from 由…引起/发生/产生
result in 造成，导致=lead to=bring about
【精品例句】
If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.
如果你相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好结果
This book is the result of 25 years of research. 这本书是25年的研究成果
Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.
爱丽丝今早上睡过了，结果上班迟到了
About 21million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.
二十世纪九十年代，大约有2100万人死于吸烟
Pollution and other serious problems have resulted from human progress.
人类的发展引起了污染和其它严重问题
I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.
我认识到，叫嚣和威胁惩罚会导致祸端
【高考链接】
Jenny nearly missed the flight _____ doing too much shopping. (全国卷)
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
My friend Martin was very sick with a stranger fever, ____, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise
12. limited adj.有限的;不多的
【原句再现】
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realize that our planet’s resources are limited. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
limit n. 界限; 边界; 限度; 限制; 极限; vt. 限制; 限定
limitable adj.可限制的
limitless adj.无限(制)的
limitation n. 限制; 局限
in the city limits在市区内
within a twenty-mile limit二十英里范围内
a time / speed limit时间/速度限制
within limits of…在…范围内
limit ...to…将.限制在(某范围内)
There is no limit to... ……是无限的
without limit 无限(制)地
【精品例句】
He tried my patience to its limits. 他把我的耐心逼到了极限
I'm willing to help, within limits. 我愿意适度地帮忙
Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year
一些国家甚至限制每年到他们国家的游客数量
A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities.
缺乏正规教育会限制你的就业机会
I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.
我认为教学不应该局限于教室之内
I limit myself to two cups of coffee a day. 我只允许自己一天喝两杯咖啡
The amount of money we have is limited. 我们现有的钱
【高考链接】
Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also our thinking. (湖北)
direct B. limit C. change D. improve (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This dictionary uses a _____ (limit) number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. (limited)
You should limit your speed ____ 70 kilometer per hour. (to)
13. provide. vt. 赡养，提供
【原句再现】
In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day he our new home. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for/to sb. 为某人提供……
provided/providing(that 从句) 假如；如果
provide for 抚养，供养
【精品例句】
Community schools provide good quality education for children.
社区学校为孩子们提供 质量的教育
My goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活
She needs her new, busy work to provide for her family.
她的新工作很繁忙，但她需要它来养家糊口
I will play tennis provided that we've finished by 5 pm.
要是我们5点结束，我就去打网球
The Red Cross provides food and shelter for disaster victims.
红十字会给灾民们提供食物和住处
比较：offer侧重表示主动而且“愿意给予”，常用offer sb. Sth.或 offer to do sth结构
" She offered a reward for the return of her lost mobile phone.
她为寻回遗失的手机提出以酬金答谢 He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出替我去
supply通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supply sb with sth或supply sth. to sb. 结构
Trees can supply/ provide shade in summer 夏天，树能提供荫凉
The butcher supplies us with meat这个卖肉的供应我们肉
【高考链接】
This is a group that specializes in providing houses and services ______ needy people.(四川课改卷) (to/for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The project is designed to provide young people ______ work. (with)
14. attach vt. 系; 贴; 连接；vt&vi (正式用语) 与…有关联；vt. 重视; 认为...重要
【原句再现】
While stepping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. (教材P46)
【词块积累】
attached adj. 附着的
attachment n. 附件; 附属品
attach great importance to sth. 认为…重要
the advantage that attaches to wealth. 与财富有关的有利条件
【精品例句
I attached a photo to my application form. 我在中 请表上贴了一张照片
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.
坦白地说，很多人把名声和财富看得很重
Learning strategies, to which teachers attach importance/significance, haven’t drawn enough attention of students.
老师认为重要的学习策略还没有引起学生们足够的注意 (湖北课改卷)
the attached application form所附的申请表; 附属于
The research center is attached to the university. 这家研究中心附属于这所大学
Please do not send your resume by attachment. 请勿以附件形式发送简历
【高考链接】
My parents always ______ great importance to my getting a good education. (天津卷)
A. have B. attach C. accept D. pay (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The company is attached _____ America. (to)
●本单元重要词组
15. In the hope of doing sth. 怀着…..的希望
Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe. (教材P41)
He’s writing to his mother in the hope of communicating with her.
16. in closing 最后
In closing，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. (教材P44)
In closing, the headmaster help the student solve the problem.
17. run out (of) 用完；耗尽
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out. (教材P45)
In the future, caring for the environment will become very important as earth’s nature resources run out.
●句型点拨
1. 不定式作后置定语
【原句再现】
....on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. (教材P40)
句式分析：to go into space 是不定式作后置定语，修饰the first person
【句式拓展】
※ 当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
※动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。
【精品例句】
She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games.
她是在第29届奥运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯
He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人
There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact you failed.
远处的村子里没有信号，所有联系你的尝试也失败了
【高考链接】
She was the first woman (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (陕西卷)
(to win)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He is always the first (come) and the last _____ (leave). (to come, to leave)
Thank you for giving me the chance (make) the speech.(to make)
2. This is because...句型
【原句再现】
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (教材P41)
句式分析：此句为主从复合句，because引导表语从句，句式结构为This/That was/is because...
【能力拓展】
※ This/That is because...意为“这/那是因为……”，用来表示原因
※ This/That is why...意为“这/那是为什么……”，用来表示结果
※ The reason why...is that....意为“……的原因就是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句
【精品例句】
This is because in the early days of radio，those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语
He was late for school. This was because his bike was broken.
他上学迟到是因为自行车坏了
He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.
他没有赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了
The reason why he was disappointed was that he failed in the exam.
他失望的原因是他考试失败
He got up late，and this is why he missed the first bus this morning.
他起晚了，这就是他为什么没赶上第一班车的原因
【高考链接】
The reason ___ we have to study computer is ___ it becomes more and more useful in our daily life. (湖北卷) （why, that）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He did not see the film last night. That is he had to help his little sister with her homework. (because)
He and I have worked together for a couple of years；that's _______ I know him pretty
well. (why)
3. not only...but also….句型, 不但… 而且…
【原句再现】
Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future. (教材P41)
句式分析：not only...but also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
【能力拓展】
※ not only...but also...结构表示“不但/仅……而且……”，通常可以连接两个并列的谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子
※ not only A but also B＝B as well as A
※ not only...but also...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，not only所在的分句要部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装
※ not only...but also...连接并列主语时，遵守“就近原则”
※ not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略
【精品例句】
He works not only on weekdays but also on weekends as well.
他不仅平时工作，周末也工作
Franklin was considered not only an inventor，but also a statesman.
富兰克林不仅被看作发明家而且也是一名政治家
Not only does the sun give us light but it also gives us heat.
太阳不仅给我们光还给我们热
Classic works not only offer you joy and excitement，but also encourage you to think critically.
古典名著不仅带给你快乐和刺激，还鼓励你批判性地思考
Future scope is not only for individuals，but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.
观测未来主题公园不仅仅适合个人(旅游)，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习的完美结合
【高考链接】
Not only __ we forget to turn off the light in the kitchen，but we also failed to lock the front door. (辽宁卷) (did)
【考点训练】
To achieve“Chinese dream” will benefit not only Chinese people __ also people across the world. (but)
Not only the children but also their coach (like) playing football. (likes)
●动词不定式（详见语法课件）
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