人教版（2019）必修第三册 Unit4 Space Exploration 单元素养检测（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修第三册 Unit4 Space Exploration 单元素养检测（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-10 20:16:33 | ||
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Unit4 单元素养检测
第一部分阅读
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
New Zealand
General informationPosition：To the south of the equator（赤道）.Nearest Neighbour：Australia，1，600 km away，Size：Two main islands- North Island and South Island. Together they are 268.021 square kilometers. Population：About 4.8 million. Capital: Wellington. Languages：English and Maori.
What can you see？What can you see？Mountains，volcanoes，rivers，lakes，waterfalls，forests，and beaches. Both islands are mountainous. In fact，only about 30%of New Zealand is flat.
The MaorisWhen the Maoris first arrived in New Zealand, they lived in villages and were excellent fishermen, hunters and farmers. Decades of years ago many Maoris started to live and work in the large cities and took jobs in government, industries, medicine and education. They are proud of their culture and are determined to keep many of the customs which are part of their way of life.
Who can you meet？Most people live on North Island. 75% of New Zealanders are "pakeha" (“with men”), which means their “great grandfathers” came from Europe. About 10% are Maoris. The Maoris came to New Zealand from the Polynesian islands probably around the tenth century. The "pakeha" started to arrive in New Zealand from Europe about 200 years ago as farmers and traders.
1.Which of the following is a fact about New Zealand？
A.20%of the population being Maoris.
B. For million white people.
C. About 1,600 km to the south of the equator.
D. Nearly 1/3 of the country being plains.
2. What is the country's population mainly made up of
A. The white people and the Polynesians.
B. The white people and the "pakeha”.
C. The Maoris and the white people.
D. The Maoris and the Polynesians.
3.When did the white people to live in New Zealand？
A. About 1, 000 years ago.
B. About 200 years ago
C. About 100 years ago
D. About 50 years ago
4.What do the Maoris value most in life？
A. Living in small villages.
B. Developing farming skills.
C. Keeping their own culture.
D. Taking up government jobs.
B
Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register, I said hello to an old couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend's. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterwards, I received a Christmas present from them Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holiday meaningful.
One day years later，I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day，and the battery was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership-a shop selling cars-was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment，so when I got home，I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say "thank you"，and it meant a lot，he said.
Thank you"-two powerful words. They're easy to say and mean so much.
5.What does the underlined part "took off" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A. Put up B. Moved off. C. Turned off. D. Set up
6.What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car？
A. The couple sent him a business card.
B. The couple offered to help him.
C. He had it pulled back to the gas station.
D. He called his friend for help.
7.How does the author explain the importance of expressing thanks in the passage？
A. By using quotations（引语）.
B. By doing an experiment.
C. By explaining cause and effect.
D. By telling his own experiences.
C
[江西上烧2019高一期末]Dogs are considered by many to be man's best friends and with millions of dogs owned by families in the US，it is highly likely that many dogs are in need of some amount of training. Since dogs can hear sounds at much higher frequencies（频率）than humans，there is a wonderful tool for the training of a dog. It is an app（应用程序）called the Dog Whistle. This isn't your typical whistle in that it produces sounds at a frequency that is unable to be heard by humans. This unique app will allow you to train your dog without the need of a dog whistle.
The Dog Whistle free app was created by an app developer Maoli Wang specifically for dog owners who are looking for a way to communicate with their dogs in order to be able to either train them or alert（使警觉）them when the noise around is too great for them to hear the owners call them. By simply fixing the app on your phone，it will immediately turn itself into a dog whistle.
The app includes a very powerful system that is able to create different tones ranging from 16，000 to 40，000 Hz in order for a dog to be able to hear it. The app also has an on-screen sound meter in order for the users to monitor the sound level being produced. In that way，they can decide on which frequency works best for their dogs. What's more，the app easily produces the requested tones at the frequencies necessary to be used to communicate with your dog by simply tapping the screen your phone.
The app was designed to be used in place of a dog whistle in order to get your dogs' attention when it is too noisy around them. The sound produced through the app is at a level that only dogs are able to hear and they will respond to the sound. If you own a dog who is having behavioural issues，you would surely benefit from the Dog Whistle free app available by clicking here.
8.What is the development of the app based on according to the first paragraph？
A. Dogs' good hearing
B. People's love for dogs.
C. The use of smartphones.
D. Dog owners interest in training
9.How does the app help in training a dog？
A. It records the ways the dog responds to sounds.
B. It produces beautiful sounds that interest the dog.
C. It produces whistles at a frequency intended for the dog.
D. It suggests a proper way to communicate with the dog.
10.Where is the app advised to be used？
A. In a strange situation.
B. In a noisy situation.
C. In an unsafe situation.
D. In a difficult situation
11.Where is the text probably from？
A. A magazine.
B. A newspaper.
C. A website
D.A radio programme
D
A new study focuses on K2-18b，an exoplanet（系外行星）like the earth discovered in 2015，orbiting a red dwarf star（矮星）close enough to receive about the same amount of radiation from its star as the earth does from the sun.
“Studies have suggested that planets with hydrogen-rich atmospheres（气体）could host certain forms of life,” Bjorn Benneke said，a professor at the Institute for Research on Exoplanets at the Universite de Montreal. However，a news release says，"K2-18b's large atmosphere is too thick and creates high-pressure conditions，which likely prevents life from existing on the planet's surface. " While these researchers found evidence for liquid water clouds on K2-18b because of its lack of surface, rain wouldn't pour on the planet. Without a real surface，landing on the planet would also be nearly impossible，especially because the gas is so thick and has such a high pressure that any earth-created spacecraft sent there would be devastated.
The research team analysed data from Hubble Space Telescope observations that they made between 2016 and 2017 of the K2-18b planet. It allows scientists to detect（探测）clear characters of water in a planet's atmosphere. This team plans to expand this research even further by studying K2-18b with NASA's James Webb Space Telescope，which is ready to launch in 2021."This type of research，” Benneke said，"is leading towards a final goal of being able to study the earth-like planet.”“We are not quite there yet，”he said，"but this is really exciting.”
12.What can we learn about K2-18b？
A. It is a planet closest to the sun.
B. It hosts certain forms of life because of thick gas.
C. It is covered with thin atmosphere.
D. It's a planet moving around a red dwarf star.
13.What does the underlined word "devastated" in paragraph 2 mean？
A. Destroyed B. Declared C. Detected D. Delivered
14.What allows scientists to detect clear characters of water in a planet's atmosphere？A. The expansion in the research.
B. The goal of knowing the real planet.
C. The data by the Hubble Space Telescope.
D.NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.
15.What can be the best title for the text？
A. Humans Have Landed on K2-18b
B. NASA Helps Explore an Exoplanet
C. A New Finding About a Planet Like the Earth
D. Scientists Determination of Researching Outer Space
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sometimes when we are learning a new language it can be really frightening to start speaking it with other people 16 ，as it will help us gain confidence in ourselves. Here are some great tips that can help you overcome your fear of speaking English.
■Accept that you are going to make mistakes and learn from them.
People make mistakes all the time，especially when speaking a new language. Don't be sad or feel disappointed if you make mistakes；it's part of the process of improving your speaking. 17 .As Albert Einstein said，"Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance，you must keep moving.”
■18
Once you have started speaking a foreign language，don't be afraid to ask people questions about how to say or pronounce something. Most of the time people will be more than happy to help you if you have any questions.
■Don't be shy！
One of non-native speakers’ problems is being too shy to speak. 19 . Be aware that most people speak more than one language and know how difficult it is to learn a new one. Also，most people really don't even notice if you say something wrong or if you are too shy.
■Enjoy yourself！
You are learning another language for a reason，so go ahead, have fun，make mistakes and even invent new words! 20
A. Ask for help
B. Try to be curious
C. It's all part of the process.
D. This fear of speaking makes us nervous.
E. This can be the biggest problem for a lot of people
F. Once you have made a mistake，correct it and carry on
G. Overcoming this fear of speaking our new language is extremely important
第二部分 语言运用
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At that time，I was a housewife raising three small children. My life 21 around taking care of my children and finding ways to stretch a dime into a dollar to pay the bills，but money was 22 .
I really loved being with my kids and I was willing to make whatever 23 for my kids，but I wanted to go to university and get my archaeology（考古学）degree. For several years，I had always said I was going to learn it but no one believed I actually would. So I eventually decided to give up my 24 .
One day my brother came to visit and talked about our future. While chatting，I mentioned my 25 dream. Looking into my eyes with great expectation，he said 26 ？”
Over the next few weeks，I just kept 27 our conversation in my head. Yes，I could make a long list of reasons why I couldn't become an archaeologist. Strangely，however. these reasons seemed more like 28
I started questioning why I was so willing to run away from a challenge. Finally，I realised that if I didn’t at least try to 29 my goals，I was going to regret my 30 for the rest of my life.
So I started taking university classes. I got a part-time job on weekends so that my husband could watch the 31 while I was working. I even took a few late night classes so that my children would not require daycare and would never come home to a（n）32 house.
Seven years later，I 33 a graduate degree and became an archaeologist. 34 ，I found that as I reached towards my goals through 35 and difficulties，I became happier and more confident. In this way，my brother changed my life. Perhaps，you also can change your life by asking yourself "Why not？”
21. A. contributed B. centred C. collected D. Gathered
22. A. tight B. adequate C. blank D. free
23.A. appointment B. arrangement C. impression D. sacrifice
24.A. fate B. habit C. business D. dream
25. A unnoticed B. unfinished C. unchecked D. unsettled
26. A. How come B. So what C. Why not D. For what
27. A. replaying B. explaining C. regretting D. copying
28. A. discoveries B. points C. mistakes D. excuses
29. A. make B. reach C. point D. watch
30. A. conclusion B. contribution C. decision D. solution
31. A friend B. relatives C. kids D. students
32. A. enjoyable B. simple C. shabby D. empty
33. A abandoned B. earned C. wasted D saved
34. A. Otherwise B. Anyhow C. Moreover D. Therefore
35. A. success B. challenges C. fortune D. praise
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What do you want to be when you grow up？A teacher？A doctor？How about an ice cream taster？
Yes，there really is a job 36 you can get paid to taste ice cream. Just ask John Harrison，an "Official Taste Tester” for 37 past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers to be sure of a product's quality. During his career Harrison's 38 （responsible）is to approve large quantities of the sweet ice cream--as well as to develop over 75 flavours（味道）.Some people think that the love for ice cream can qualify one 39 the job，but Harrison points out that a food-science degree（学位）would be very useful to someone 40 （want）a career in this "cool” field.
In a typical morning on the job，Harrison 41 （let）the ice cream warm up to about 12 ℉ to get better flavour. While the ice cream warms up，Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on 42 （it）appearance.“Tasting begins with the eyes,”he explains. He checks 43 （see）if the ice cream is 44 （attract）and asks himself，"Does the product have the colour 45 (expect）from the flavour？"Next it's time to taste!
36._________ 37._________ 38._________ 39._________ 40._________
41._________ 42.__________ 43.__________ 44.__________ 45.__________
第三部分 写作
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，最近某英文报社就“城市生活的利和弊”面向社会进行征稿，请你给报社编辑写一封信，谈谈自己的想法。要点如下：
Advantages Disadvantages
交通便利有休闲场所 生活消费高人口多、拥挤
注意： 1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
[浙江温州九校联2018高一期中联考]阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
With cellphone companies designing models for children，many parents are attracted to buy their kids phones，and pay the bill. According to a 2012 study，56%of parents of children aged 8 to 12 have given their children a cellphone. According to a recent YouthBeat survey，12 is a magic number. It is the most common age for kids to get their first cellphone. But 139 of children aged 6 to 10 already have one. That's more than one out of every 10 kids.
Cellphone supporters，including many parents，note that cellphones help kids keep in touch with their friends and families，whether to ask for a ride home from football practice or to call for help when stuck in an emergeney（紧急情况）. Besides，some cellphones designed for kids can be controlled with settings that allow the phone to be only used in parent permitting ways，What's the harm in that？
However，other people are worried about the effects of cellphones on kids health and safety. They believe that sending teat messages or answering phone calls while doing homework makes it difficult for kids to stay focused，thus resulting in their schoolwork. They also say that kids are spending too much time texting instead of talking to each other." Our brains evolved（进化）to communicate face to face，"says Gary Small，a professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine，in California.“A lot of this is lost with texting.”
And some experts are also concerned about possible health risks. They worry that radiation（辐射）released by cell phones could be harmful to young people. To be safe，they suggest limiting talk time.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
第一部分阅读
第一节
A
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了新西兰的地理、文化、人口等方面的信息
1.D 细节理解题。根据 What can you see？标题下的 In fact，only about30%of New Zealand is flat.可知，新西兰的平原面积约占国土面积的1/3，故选D项
2.C 细节理解题。根据 Who can you meet？标题下的75% of New Zealanders are"pakeha"（"white men"），which means their"great grandfathers” came from Europe.About1o%are Maoris.可知，这个家的人口主要是由毛利人和白人组成的。故选C项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据 Who can you meet？标题下的The"pakeha” started to arrive in New Zealand from Europe about 200 years ago as farmers nd traders.可知，大约200年以前，白人开始来到新西兰。故选B项
4.C 细节理解题。根据 The Maoris标题下的 They are proud of their culture and are determined to keep many of the customs which are part of their way of life.可知，在生活中，毛利人最看重保留他们自己的文化。故选C项。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他两次在有困难的时候接受了他人的帮助并向那些帮助自己的人表示感谢的故事，强调了接受别人的帮助后表示感谢的重要性。
5.B 词义猜测题。根据上一段末尾的 also paying for gas和画线部分后面的 had gone only a few miles可知，画线词是“离开”的意思,move of意为“离开”，故选B项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 They said they would take me to my fniend's，可知，老夫妇主动提出帮助作者，故选B项
7.D 推理判断题。作者通过两次亲身经历，讲述了接受别人帮助后表达感谢的重要性，故选D项。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款能和狗”沟通”的应用程序
8.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Since dogs can hear sounds at much higher frequencies than humans，there is a wonderful tool for the training of a dog.可知，这款应用程序的开发基于狗的听觉，故选A项。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，该应用程序能够发出特定频率的哨声用来训练狗。故选C项。
10.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的 when the noise around is too great for them to hear the owner call them及最后一段第一句可知，建议在噜杂的环境中使用这个应用程序，故选B项
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的you would surely benefit from the Dog Whistle free app available by clicking here可以推知，这篇文章可能出自一个网站，故选C项。
D
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于系外行星K2-18b的新发现。K218b这颗行星与地球奥似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待进一步证实。
12.D 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，K2-18b是围绕着红矮星运动的行星。
13.A 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，如果没有一个真实的表面，在K2-18b上着陆几乎是不可能的，因为K2-18b上的气体非常厚，压强非常大，任何地球制造的宇宙飞船发射到那里都会被毁灭。因此，画线词是“毁灭”的意思，destroy意为“毁掉”，故选A项。
14.C 细节理解题。由题干定位至最后一段的第二句，其中的 It指代前一句提到的哈勃太空望远镜，即哈勃太空望远镜能探测到行星大气层中水的清晰特征。
15.C 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学家发现的一颗系外行星K218b，这颗行星与地球类似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待证实。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，提出了几条能帮助你克服和别人说外语时的恐惧的建议
16.G 空后提到“因为它将帮助我们获得自信”，为了承接下文，G项“克服这种说一门新外语的恐惧极其重要”符合语境。该项中的extremely important与空后的 gain confidence in ourselves形成因果关系。故选G项。
17.F 上文提到“如果你犯了错误，不要难过或感到失望；这是提高口语能力的一部分”，F项“一旦你犯了错误，改正它，然后继续前进承接上文，符合语境。该项中的 correct it and carry on与上文中的Don't be sad or feel disappointed相呼应。故选F项。
18.A 此处应该填小标题，跟其他小标题句型结构一致，为祈使句，即在A项和B项之间选择。根据该小标题下面一段的第一句可知该段讲的是“要寻求帮助”。故选A项。
19.E 上文提到“非母语人士的问题之一就是太害羞而不敢开口”，E项“这对很多人来说这可能是最大的问题”承接上文，符合语境。该项中的This指代上文中的 being too shy to speak。选项中的alt of people与下文的 most people相对应。
20.C 上文提到“你学一门外语肯定是有原因的，所以别多想只管好好学吧！尽情享受、尽管去犯错，甚至去创造新词！”C项“这些都是学外语的必经过程”承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者由一名家庭主妇转变为考古学家的故事，由此可见，只要坚持梦想并付诸行动，一切皆有可能。
21.B 当时作者是一名家庭主妇，需要养育3个小孩，所以那时她的生活是以照顾小孩和节省开支为中心的。centre around意为“以……为中心”，故选B项。
22.A 由 finding ways to stretch a dime into a dollar和but可知，虽然作者将10分钱当成1美元用，但生活总是很拮据。tight意为“（时间）紧的：（钱）拮据的”，故选A项。
23.D 由设空前表达的意思“我真的爱和我的孩子们在一起，愿意为孩子作出任何……”可知，作者很爱孩子，应该是愿意作出辆牲。sacrifice意为“辆牲“，符合语境，appointment意为“约定”；arrangement意为“安排”;impawn意为“印象”，故选D项。
24.D 句意为；所以最终我决定放弃梦想，由下一段中的dm可知此处选D项。
25.B 根据上文可知，此处指作者谈到她未完成的梦想，故选B项。
26.C 句意为：哥哥用非常期盼的眼神看着我，说：“为什么不（实现梦想）呢？”由最后一段最后一句可知选C项。
27.A 由下文可知，作者最终实现了梦想，故此处是说接下来的几个星期，作者脑中不断重现他们的谈话。replay意为“重播；重现”explain意为“解释”；regret意为“后悔”；copy意为”复制”，故选A项。
28.D 由 however可知，此处表示转折，故此处是说，但很奇怪的是，这些理由似乎更像借口，excuse意为“借口”，故选D项
29.B 句意为：最终，我意识到，如果我连实现目标最起码的努力都没有，我的余生将会后悔我所作的决定。reach one's goal为固定搭配，意为“实现某人的目标”。故选B项。由最后一段中的 reached towards my goals也可知答案。
30.C 句意见上一题解析，derision意为“决定”，符合语境。conclusion意为“结论”；contribution意为“贡献”；solution意为“解决办法”故选C项。
31.C 句意为：我获得了一份周末的兼职，这样在我工作的时候，丈夫就可以看孩子。由首段第一句可知答案，watch the kids意为”照看孩子”，故选C项
32.D 句意为：我甚至上一些深夜课，这样孩子就不需要日托，也不至于回到空无一人的家。根据语境可知选D项。
33.B Seven years later及由 became an archaeologist可知，作者获得了研究生学位，成了考古学家。earn意为“挣得；获得”，故选B项。
34.C 句意为：此外，我发现当我通过克服挑战和困难实现了目标的时候，我也变得更开心、更自信了。该空前后为递进关系，moreover意为“而且；此外”，故选C项。
35.B 后面有and连接，故设空处应是与 difficulties感彩相同的词。challenge意为“挑战”，故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冰淇淋品尝师约翰·哈里森及他的工作。
36.where 句意为：是的，真的有一份可以让你通过品尝冰淇淋就能得到报酬的工作。此句中job是先行词，定语从句中主谓宾成分完整，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，表抽象地点，故答案为where。
37.the 句意为：问问约翰·哈里森，过去的21年他是“官方味觉测试师”。此处用定冠词the，特指“过去的21年”。
38.responsibility 句意为：在哈里森的职业生涯中，他的职责是批准大量的甜冰淇淋（的生产）—同时也要开发超过75种口味的冰淇淋。名词所有格后面用名词形式，故答案为 responsibility。
39.for 句意为：有些人认为，对冰淇淋的热爱可以使一个人有资格获得这份工作，但哈里森指出，对于想要在这个“酷酷的”领域工作的人来说，食品科学学位是非常有用的。qualify sb for.意为“使某人具备……的资格”，故答案为for。
40.wanting someone和want之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以此处用现在分词作后置定语，故答案为 wanting。
41.lets 句意为：在一个平常的上班的早晨，哈里森让冰淇淋升温至大约12华氏度，为了让冰淇淋的味道更好。讲述日常发生的事情，句子应用一般现在时；Harrison是主语，谓语应用第三人称的单数形式，故答案为lets。
42.its 句意为：当冰淇淋升温的时候，哈里森检查样品，并对每样品的外观进行评分。此处需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为its
43.to see 句意为：他检查冰淇淋是否好看……此处需要用动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为 to see。
44.attractive 句意见上一题解析。be动词后面用形容词作表语，故答案为 attractive。
45.expected 句意为：“产品是否具有从口味中期待的颜色？”句中the colour和expect之间是逻辑上的被动关系，是“被期待”，所以此处用过去分词作定语，故答案为 expected。
第三部分 写作
第一节
【写作提示】
1.写作要点：（1）表明写信原因；（2）谈谈城市生活的利与弊；（3）自己的看法。
2.提分词句：in favour of，What's more，Personally speaking，make great efforts.，it作形式主语，where引导定语从句等。
【参考范文】
Dear editor，
I'm writing to you to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city.
Some people are in favour of living in the city. In their view，there are always many choices of public transport. Besides，they can go to the cinemas and parks whenever they want to relax.
Others，however，are against the ideas，firmly believing living cost in the city is much higher. What's more，the city is crowded and noisy. It is very difficult to find a place where people can enjoy peace.
Personally speaking, with the development of economy, living in the city is a must for people. We must make great efforts to reduce pollution make the city more beautiful.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
【写作提示】
1.写作要点
（1）根据文章第一段第一句可知，第一段提出了本文要讨论的社会现象：现在很多父母都给孩子买手机
（2）根据文章第二段可知，本段主要讲述的是支持学生用手机的人的观点。
（3）根据文章第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是反对学生用手机的人的观点。
（4）根据文章第四段可知，本段主要讲述了专家给出的建议
本文是“总一分”结构，要点1提出要讨论的现象，要点2给出支持者的观点，要点3给出反对者的观点，要点4给出专家的建议。
2.提分词句：tend to，with security settings，especially in an emergeney, being attached to phones，worried about等。
【参考范文】
Many parents tend to buy cellphones for their kids.（要点1）Supporters think phones，with security settings，are a good tool for kids to contact others，especially in an emergeney.（要点2）However，others argue being attached to phones may harm both kids'schoolwork and their communication skills.（要点 3）Therefore，woried about potential risks，some experts advise young people to reduce their time on the phone.（要点4）
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第一部分阅读
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
New Zealand
General informationPosition：To the south of the equator（赤道）.Nearest Neighbour：Australia，1，600 km away，Size：Two main islands- North Island and South Island. Together they are 268.021 square kilometers. Population：About 4.8 million. Capital: Wellington. Languages：English and Maori.
What can you see？What can you see？Mountains，volcanoes，rivers，lakes，waterfalls，forests，and beaches. Both islands are mountainous. In fact，only about 30%of New Zealand is flat.
The MaorisWhen the Maoris first arrived in New Zealand, they lived in villages and were excellent fishermen, hunters and farmers. Decades of years ago many Maoris started to live and work in the large cities and took jobs in government, industries, medicine and education. They are proud of their culture and are determined to keep many of the customs which are part of their way of life.
Who can you meet？Most people live on North Island. 75% of New Zealanders are "pakeha" (“with men”), which means their “great grandfathers” came from Europe. About 10% are Maoris. The Maoris came to New Zealand from the Polynesian islands probably around the tenth century. The "pakeha" started to arrive in New Zealand from Europe about 200 years ago as farmers and traders.
1.Which of the following is a fact about New Zealand？
A.20%of the population being Maoris.
B. For million white people.
C. About 1,600 km to the south of the equator.
D. Nearly 1/3 of the country being plains.
2. What is the country's population mainly made up of
A. The white people and the Polynesians.
B. The white people and the "pakeha”.
C. The Maoris and the white people.
D. The Maoris and the Polynesians.
3.When did the white people to live in New Zealand？
A. About 1, 000 years ago.
B. About 200 years ago
C. About 100 years ago
D. About 50 years ago
4.What do the Maoris value most in life？
A. Living in small villages.
B. Developing farming skills.
C. Keeping their own culture.
D. Taking up government jobs.
B
Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register, I said hello to an old couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend's. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterwards, I received a Christmas present from them Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holiday meaningful.
One day years later，I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I'd left the lights on all day，and the battery was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership-a shop selling cars-was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment，so when I got home，I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say "thank you"，and it meant a lot，he said.
Thank you"-two powerful words. They're easy to say and mean so much.
5.What does the underlined part "took off" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A. Put up B. Moved off. C. Turned off. D. Set up
6.What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car？
A. The couple sent him a business card.
B. The couple offered to help him.
C. He had it pulled back to the gas station.
D. He called his friend for help.
7.How does the author explain the importance of expressing thanks in the passage？
A. By using quotations（引语）.
B. By doing an experiment.
C. By explaining cause and effect.
D. By telling his own experiences.
C
[江西上烧2019高一期末]Dogs are considered by many to be man's best friends and with millions of dogs owned by families in the US，it is highly likely that many dogs are in need of some amount of training. Since dogs can hear sounds at much higher frequencies（频率）than humans，there is a wonderful tool for the training of a dog. It is an app（应用程序）called the Dog Whistle. This isn't your typical whistle in that it produces sounds at a frequency that is unable to be heard by humans. This unique app will allow you to train your dog without the need of a dog whistle.
The Dog Whistle free app was created by an app developer Maoli Wang specifically for dog owners who are looking for a way to communicate with their dogs in order to be able to either train them or alert（使警觉）them when the noise around is too great for them to hear the owners call them. By simply fixing the app on your phone，it will immediately turn itself into a dog whistle.
The app includes a very powerful system that is able to create different tones ranging from 16，000 to 40，000 Hz in order for a dog to be able to hear it. The app also has an on-screen sound meter in order for the users to monitor the sound level being produced. In that way，they can decide on which frequency works best for their dogs. What's more，the app easily produces the requested tones at the frequencies necessary to be used to communicate with your dog by simply tapping the screen your phone.
The app was designed to be used in place of a dog whistle in order to get your dogs' attention when it is too noisy around them. The sound produced through the app is at a level that only dogs are able to hear and they will respond to the sound. If you own a dog who is having behavioural issues，you would surely benefit from the Dog Whistle free app available by clicking here.
8.What is the development of the app based on according to the first paragraph？
A. Dogs' good hearing
B. People's love for dogs.
C. The use of smartphones.
D. Dog owners interest in training
9.How does the app help in training a dog？
A. It records the ways the dog responds to sounds.
B. It produces beautiful sounds that interest the dog.
C. It produces whistles at a frequency intended for the dog.
D. It suggests a proper way to communicate with the dog.
10.Where is the app advised to be used？
A. In a strange situation.
B. In a noisy situation.
C. In an unsafe situation.
D. In a difficult situation
11.Where is the text probably from？
A. A magazine.
B. A newspaper.
C. A website
D.A radio programme
D
A new study focuses on K2-18b，an exoplanet（系外行星）like the earth discovered in 2015，orbiting a red dwarf star（矮星）close enough to receive about the same amount of radiation from its star as the earth does from the sun.
“Studies have suggested that planets with hydrogen-rich atmospheres（气体）could host certain forms of life,” Bjorn Benneke said，a professor at the Institute for Research on Exoplanets at the Universite de Montreal. However，a news release says，"K2-18b's large atmosphere is too thick and creates high-pressure conditions，which likely prevents life from existing on the planet's surface. " While these researchers found evidence for liquid water clouds on K2-18b because of its lack of surface, rain wouldn't pour on the planet. Without a real surface，landing on the planet would also be nearly impossible，especially because the gas is so thick and has such a high pressure that any earth-created spacecraft sent there would be devastated.
The research team analysed data from Hubble Space Telescope observations that they made between 2016 and 2017 of the K2-18b planet. It allows scientists to detect（探测）clear characters of water in a planet's atmosphere. This team plans to expand this research even further by studying K2-18b with NASA's James Webb Space Telescope，which is ready to launch in 2021."This type of research，” Benneke said，"is leading towards a final goal of being able to study the earth-like planet.”“We are not quite there yet，”he said，"but this is really exciting.”
12.What can we learn about K2-18b？
A. It is a planet closest to the sun.
B. It hosts certain forms of life because of thick gas.
C. It is covered with thin atmosphere.
D. It's a planet moving around a red dwarf star.
13.What does the underlined word "devastated" in paragraph 2 mean？
A. Destroyed B. Declared C. Detected D. Delivered
14.What allows scientists to detect clear characters of water in a planet's atmosphere？A. The expansion in the research.
B. The goal of knowing the real planet.
C. The data by the Hubble Space Telescope.
D.NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.
15.What can be the best title for the text？
A. Humans Have Landed on K2-18b
B. NASA Helps Explore an Exoplanet
C. A New Finding About a Planet Like the Earth
D. Scientists Determination of Researching Outer Space
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sometimes when we are learning a new language it can be really frightening to start speaking it with other people 16 ，as it will help us gain confidence in ourselves. Here are some great tips that can help you overcome your fear of speaking English.
■Accept that you are going to make mistakes and learn from them.
People make mistakes all the time，especially when speaking a new language. Don't be sad or feel disappointed if you make mistakes；it's part of the process of improving your speaking. 17 .As Albert Einstein said，"Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance，you must keep moving.”
■18
Once you have started speaking a foreign language，don't be afraid to ask people questions about how to say or pronounce something. Most of the time people will be more than happy to help you if you have any questions.
■Don't be shy！
One of non-native speakers’ problems is being too shy to speak. 19 . Be aware that most people speak more than one language and know how difficult it is to learn a new one. Also，most people really don't even notice if you say something wrong or if you are too shy.
■Enjoy yourself！
You are learning another language for a reason，so go ahead, have fun，make mistakes and even invent new words! 20
A. Ask for help
B. Try to be curious
C. It's all part of the process.
D. This fear of speaking makes us nervous.
E. This can be the biggest problem for a lot of people
F. Once you have made a mistake，correct it and carry on
G. Overcoming this fear of speaking our new language is extremely important
第二部分 语言运用
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At that time，I was a housewife raising three small children. My life 21 around taking care of my children and finding ways to stretch a dime into a dollar to pay the bills，but money was 22 .
I really loved being with my kids and I was willing to make whatever 23 for my kids，but I wanted to go to university and get my archaeology（考古学）degree. For several years，I had always said I was going to learn it but no one believed I actually would. So I eventually decided to give up my 24 .
One day my brother came to visit and talked about our future. While chatting，I mentioned my 25 dream. Looking into my eyes with great expectation，he said 26 ？”
Over the next few weeks，I just kept 27 our conversation in my head. Yes，I could make a long list of reasons why I couldn't become an archaeologist. Strangely，however. these reasons seemed more like 28
I started questioning why I was so willing to run away from a challenge. Finally，I realised that if I didn’t at least try to 29 my goals，I was going to regret my 30 for the rest of my life.
So I started taking university classes. I got a part-time job on weekends so that my husband could watch the 31 while I was working. I even took a few late night classes so that my children would not require daycare and would never come home to a（n）32 house.
Seven years later，I 33 a graduate degree and became an archaeologist. 34 ，I found that as I reached towards my goals through 35 and difficulties，I became happier and more confident. In this way，my brother changed my life. Perhaps，you also can change your life by asking yourself "Why not？”
21. A. contributed B. centred C. collected D. Gathered
22. A. tight B. adequate C. blank D. free
23.A. appointment B. arrangement C. impression D. sacrifice
24.A. fate B. habit C. business D. dream
25. A unnoticed B. unfinished C. unchecked D. unsettled
26. A. How come B. So what C. Why not D. For what
27. A. replaying B. explaining C. regretting D. copying
28. A. discoveries B. points C. mistakes D. excuses
29. A. make B. reach C. point D. watch
30. A. conclusion B. contribution C. decision D. solution
31. A friend B. relatives C. kids D. students
32. A. enjoyable B. simple C. shabby D. empty
33. A abandoned B. earned C. wasted D saved
34. A. Otherwise B. Anyhow C. Moreover D. Therefore
35. A. success B. challenges C. fortune D. praise
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What do you want to be when you grow up？A teacher？A doctor？How about an ice cream taster？
Yes，there really is a job 36 you can get paid to taste ice cream. Just ask John Harrison，an "Official Taste Tester” for 37 past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers to be sure of a product's quality. During his career Harrison's 38 （responsible）is to approve large quantities of the sweet ice cream--as well as to develop over 75 flavours（味道）.Some people think that the love for ice cream can qualify one 39 the job，but Harrison points out that a food-science degree（学位）would be very useful to someone 40 （want）a career in this "cool” field.
In a typical morning on the job，Harrison 41 （let）the ice cream warm up to about 12 ℉ to get better flavour. While the ice cream warms up，Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on 42 （it）appearance.“Tasting begins with the eyes,”he explains. He checks 43 （see）if the ice cream is 44 （attract）and asks himself，"Does the product have the colour 45 (expect）from the flavour？"Next it's time to taste!
36._________ 37._________ 38._________ 39._________ 40._________
41._________ 42.__________ 43.__________ 44.__________ 45.__________
第三部分 写作
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，最近某英文报社就“城市生活的利和弊”面向社会进行征稿，请你给报社编辑写一封信，谈谈自己的想法。要点如下：
Advantages Disadvantages
交通便利有休闲场所 生活消费高人口多、拥挤
注意： 1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
[浙江温州九校联2018高一期中联考]阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
With cellphone companies designing models for children，many parents are attracted to buy their kids phones，and pay the bill. According to a 2012 study，56%of parents of children aged 8 to 12 have given their children a cellphone. According to a recent YouthBeat survey，12 is a magic number. It is the most common age for kids to get their first cellphone. But 139 of children aged 6 to 10 already have one. That's more than one out of every 10 kids.
Cellphone supporters，including many parents，note that cellphones help kids keep in touch with their friends and families，whether to ask for a ride home from football practice or to call for help when stuck in an emergeney（紧急情况）. Besides，some cellphones designed for kids can be controlled with settings that allow the phone to be only used in parent permitting ways，What's the harm in that？
However，other people are worried about the effects of cellphones on kids health and safety. They believe that sending teat messages or answering phone calls while doing homework makes it difficult for kids to stay focused，thus resulting in their schoolwork. They also say that kids are spending too much time texting instead of talking to each other." Our brains evolved（进化）to communicate face to face，"says Gary Small，a professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine，in California.“A lot of this is lost with texting.”
And some experts are also concerned about possible health risks. They worry that radiation（辐射）released by cell phones could be harmful to young people. To be safe，they suggest limiting talk time.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
第一部分阅读
第一节
A
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了新西兰的地理、文化、人口等方面的信息
1.D 细节理解题。根据 What can you see？标题下的 In fact，only about30%of New Zealand is flat.可知，新西兰的平原面积约占国土面积的1/3，故选D项
2.C 细节理解题。根据 Who can you meet？标题下的75% of New Zealanders are"pakeha"（"white men"），which means their"great grandfathers” came from Europe.About1o%are Maoris.可知，这个家的人口主要是由毛利人和白人组成的。故选C项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据 Who can you meet？标题下的The"pakeha” started to arrive in New Zealand from Europe about 200 years ago as farmers nd traders.可知，大约200年以前，白人开始来到新西兰。故选B项
4.C 细节理解题。根据 The Maoris标题下的 They are proud of their culture and are determined to keep many of the customs which are part of their way of life.可知，在生活中，毛利人最看重保留他们自己的文化。故选C项。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他两次在有困难的时候接受了他人的帮助并向那些帮助自己的人表示感谢的故事，强调了接受别人的帮助后表示感谢的重要性。
5.B 词义猜测题。根据上一段末尾的 also paying for gas和画线部分后面的 had gone only a few miles可知，画线词是“离开”的意思,move of意为“离开”，故选B项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 They said they would take me to my fniend's，可知，老夫妇主动提出帮助作者，故选B项
7.D 推理判断题。作者通过两次亲身经历，讲述了接受别人帮助后表达感谢的重要性，故选D项。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款能和狗”沟通”的应用程序
8.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Since dogs can hear sounds at much higher frequencies than humans，there is a wonderful tool for the training of a dog.可知，这款应用程序的开发基于狗的听觉，故选A项。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，该应用程序能够发出特定频率的哨声用来训练狗。故选C项。
10.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的 when the noise around is too great for them to hear the owner call them及最后一段第一句可知，建议在噜杂的环境中使用这个应用程序，故选B项
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的you would surely benefit from the Dog Whistle free app available by clicking here可以推知，这篇文章可能出自一个网站，故选C项。
D
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于系外行星K2-18b的新发现。K218b这颗行星与地球奥似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待进一步证实。
12.D 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，K2-18b是围绕着红矮星运动的行星。
13.A 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，如果没有一个真实的表面，在K2-18b上着陆几乎是不可能的，因为K2-18b上的气体非常厚，压强非常大，任何地球制造的宇宙飞船发射到那里都会被毁灭。因此，画线词是“毁灭”的意思，destroy意为“毁掉”，故选A项。
14.C 细节理解题。由题干定位至最后一段的第二句，其中的 It指代前一句提到的哈勃太空望远镜，即哈勃太空望远镜能探测到行星大气层中水的清晰特征。
15.C 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学家发现的一颗系外行星K218b，这颗行星与地球类似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待证实。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，提出了几条能帮助你克服和别人说外语时的恐惧的建议
16.G 空后提到“因为它将帮助我们获得自信”，为了承接下文，G项“克服这种说一门新外语的恐惧极其重要”符合语境。该项中的extremely important与空后的 gain confidence in ourselves形成因果关系。故选G项。
17.F 上文提到“如果你犯了错误，不要难过或感到失望；这是提高口语能力的一部分”，F项“一旦你犯了错误，改正它，然后继续前进承接上文，符合语境。该项中的 correct it and carry on与上文中的Don't be sad or feel disappointed相呼应。故选F项。
18.A 此处应该填小标题，跟其他小标题句型结构一致，为祈使句，即在A项和B项之间选择。根据该小标题下面一段的第一句可知该段讲的是“要寻求帮助”。故选A项。
19.E 上文提到“非母语人士的问题之一就是太害羞而不敢开口”，E项“这对很多人来说这可能是最大的问题”承接上文，符合语境。该项中的This指代上文中的 being too shy to speak。选项中的alt of people与下文的 most people相对应。
20.C 上文提到“你学一门外语肯定是有原因的，所以别多想只管好好学吧！尽情享受、尽管去犯错，甚至去创造新词！”C项“这些都是学外语的必经过程”承接上文，符合语境。故选C项。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者由一名家庭主妇转变为考古学家的故事，由此可见，只要坚持梦想并付诸行动，一切皆有可能。
21.B 当时作者是一名家庭主妇，需要养育3个小孩，所以那时她的生活是以照顾小孩和节省开支为中心的。centre around意为“以……为中心”，故选B项。
22.A 由 finding ways to stretch a dime into a dollar和but可知，虽然作者将10分钱当成1美元用，但生活总是很拮据。tight意为“（时间）紧的：（钱）拮据的”，故选A项。
23.D 由设空前表达的意思“我真的爱和我的孩子们在一起，愿意为孩子作出任何……”可知，作者很爱孩子，应该是愿意作出辆牲。sacrifice意为“辆牲“，符合语境，appointment意为“约定”；arrangement意为“安排”;impawn意为“印象”，故选D项。
24.D 句意为；所以最终我决定放弃梦想，由下一段中的dm可知此处选D项。
25.B 根据上文可知，此处指作者谈到她未完成的梦想，故选B项。
26.C 句意为：哥哥用非常期盼的眼神看着我，说：“为什么不（实现梦想）呢？”由最后一段最后一句可知选C项。
27.A 由下文可知，作者最终实现了梦想，故此处是说接下来的几个星期，作者脑中不断重现他们的谈话。replay意为“重播；重现”explain意为“解释”；regret意为“后悔”；copy意为”复制”，故选A项。
28.D 由 however可知，此处表示转折，故此处是说，但很奇怪的是，这些理由似乎更像借口，excuse意为“借口”，故选D项
29.B 句意为：最终，我意识到，如果我连实现目标最起码的努力都没有，我的余生将会后悔我所作的决定。reach one's goal为固定搭配，意为“实现某人的目标”。故选B项。由最后一段中的 reached towards my goals也可知答案。
30.C 句意见上一题解析，derision意为“决定”，符合语境。conclusion意为“结论”；contribution意为“贡献”；solution意为“解决办法”故选C项。
31.C 句意为：我获得了一份周末的兼职，这样在我工作的时候，丈夫就可以看孩子。由首段第一句可知答案，watch the kids意为”照看孩子”，故选C项
32.D 句意为：我甚至上一些深夜课，这样孩子就不需要日托，也不至于回到空无一人的家。根据语境可知选D项。
33.B Seven years later及由 became an archaeologist可知，作者获得了研究生学位，成了考古学家。earn意为“挣得；获得”，故选B项。
34.C 句意为：此外，我发现当我通过克服挑战和困难实现了目标的时候，我也变得更开心、更自信了。该空前后为递进关系，moreover意为“而且；此外”，故选C项。
35.B 后面有and连接，故设空处应是与 difficulties感彩相同的词。challenge意为“挑战”，故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冰淇淋品尝师约翰·哈里森及他的工作。
36.where 句意为：是的，真的有一份可以让你通过品尝冰淇淋就能得到报酬的工作。此句中job是先行词，定语从句中主谓宾成分完整，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，表抽象地点，故答案为where。
37.the 句意为：问问约翰·哈里森，过去的21年他是“官方味觉测试师”。此处用定冠词the，特指“过去的21年”。
38.responsibility 句意为：在哈里森的职业生涯中，他的职责是批准大量的甜冰淇淋（的生产）—同时也要开发超过75种口味的冰淇淋。名词所有格后面用名词形式，故答案为 responsibility。
39.for 句意为：有些人认为，对冰淇淋的热爱可以使一个人有资格获得这份工作，但哈里森指出，对于想要在这个“酷酷的”领域工作的人来说，食品科学学位是非常有用的。qualify sb for.意为“使某人具备……的资格”，故答案为for。
40.wanting someone和want之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以此处用现在分词作后置定语，故答案为 wanting。
41.lets 句意为：在一个平常的上班的早晨，哈里森让冰淇淋升温至大约12华氏度，为了让冰淇淋的味道更好。讲述日常发生的事情，句子应用一般现在时；Harrison是主语，谓语应用第三人称的单数形式，故答案为lets。
42.its 句意为：当冰淇淋升温的时候，哈里森检查样品，并对每样品的外观进行评分。此处需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为its
43.to see 句意为：他检查冰淇淋是否好看……此处需要用动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为 to see。
44.attractive 句意见上一题解析。be动词后面用形容词作表语，故答案为 attractive。
45.expected 句意为：“产品是否具有从口味中期待的颜色？”句中the colour和expect之间是逻辑上的被动关系，是“被期待”，所以此处用过去分词作定语，故答案为 expected。
第三部分 写作
第一节
【写作提示】
1.写作要点：（1）表明写信原因；（2）谈谈城市生活的利与弊；（3）自己的看法。
2.提分词句：in favour of，What's more，Personally speaking，make great efforts.，it作形式主语，where引导定语从句等。
【参考范文】
Dear editor，
I'm writing to you to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city.
Some people are in favour of living in the city. In their view，there are always many choices of public transport. Besides，they can go to the cinemas and parks whenever they want to relax.
Others，however，are against the ideas，firmly believing living cost in the city is much higher. What's more，the city is crowded and noisy. It is very difficult to find a place where people can enjoy peace.
Personally speaking, with the development of economy, living in the city is a must for people. We must make great efforts to reduce pollution make the city more beautiful.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
【写作提示】
1.写作要点
（1）根据文章第一段第一句可知，第一段提出了本文要讨论的社会现象：现在很多父母都给孩子买手机
（2）根据文章第二段可知，本段主要讲述的是支持学生用手机的人的观点。
（3）根据文章第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是反对学生用手机的人的观点。
（4）根据文章第四段可知，本段主要讲述了专家给出的建议
本文是“总一分”结构，要点1提出要讨论的现象，要点2给出支持者的观点，要点3给出反对者的观点，要点4给出专家的建议。
2.提分词句：tend to，with security settings，especially in an emergeney, being attached to phones，worried about等。
【参考范文】
Many parents tend to buy cellphones for their kids.（要点1）Supporters think phones，with security settings，are a good tool for kids to contact others，especially in an emergeney.（要点2）However，others argue being attached to phones may harm both kids'schoolwork and their communication skills.（要点 3）Therefore，woried about potential risks，some experts advise young people to reduce their time on the phone.（要点4）
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