人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册 Unit4Space Exploration单元测试（有答案）
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Unit4 单元测试
第一部分阅读
第一节
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Astronomy is the oldest science known to man. Thousands of years ago, man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens. But man was limited by what he could see with his eyes alone.
The Greeks studied astronomy over 2，000 years ago. They could see the size，colour and brightness of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens.
Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. Until there were telescopes，men did not know much about the moon. They did not know that the planet called Saturn (土星）had rings around it. Their sight was so limited that they could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s，people thought there were only six planets. Neptune (海王星)，the last of eight planets to be discovered, was not seen until 1846.
Before the spectroscope (分光镜），man did not know what kind of gases was in the sun or other stars. Without the radio telescope，we didn’t know that radio noises came from far out in space.
Today, astronomy is a growing science. We had learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.
1. When the Greeks watched the stars, they could____________.
A. know what the stars were made of
B. not see their places in the sky
C. help themselves study the heavens
D. watch the stars move as the seasons changed
2. Until there were ____________，man knew very little about the moon.
A. telescopes
B. spectroscopes
C. radio telescopes
D. spaceships
3. Which of the following sentences is NOT true
A. Astronomy is the oldest science that humans have known.
B. Astronomy is developing fast with the help of technology.
C. In the early 1700s, people didn’t know the existence of Neptune.
D. Over 2,000 years ago，the Greeks knew the planet Saturn had rings around it.
B
Edmund Hailey was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星）which other scientists had made. The orbit (轨道）of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However，Hailey had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Hailey that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形）.
Then Hailey set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531，1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 74 to 79 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Hailey. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Hailey thought about it，the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He concluded that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Hailey felt certain though (然 而)to make a prediction (预言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Hailey’s prediction could be tested- In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Hailey did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Hailey’s comet, in his honour.
4. Edmund Hailey figured out the orbit of____________.
A. some different comets appearing several times
B. the same comet appearing at different times
C. three different comets appearing at the same time
D. several comets appearing at the same time
5. Hailey made his discovery____________.
A. by doing experiments
B. by means of his own careful observation
C. by using the work of other scientists
D. by chance
6. When did Hailey make a surprising, but correct prediction
A. In 1704.
B. In 1705.
C. In 1706.
D. In 1707.
7. This passage in general is about____________.
A. Hailey and other scientists
B. the orbit of a comet
C. Newton and Hailey
D. Hailey and his discovery
C
Coming from a broken home on the mean streets, Quentin had been on the wrong side of the law influenced by secret society and drugs. He has risen and fallen many times，which is why his turn round is all the more inspiring.
Having got out of the secret society and later honourably retired from the Marines(海军陆战队），Quentin struggled with various business adventures including running barber shops and dry cleaners. Wanting to offer a healthier option, he started his first restaurant in 2001 in his hometown. Again, success was lasting only a short time for over a decade. Determined to make a change and focus on giving rather than succeeding, Quentin changed things up again. It was then that his life really began to turn around.
From 2013，his restaurant, The Turkey Chop Grill, would close for the paying public every Monday and only offer free food to those in need. He served great meals to over 1，000 poor people every day from his own pockets，giving over 60，000 meals in two years.
Money, however, remained an issue with such kindness and so，Quentin took a chance and appeared on Guy Fieri’s show “Grocery Games” in 2015. The show had retired soldiers from four military branches in a cooking competition. Quentin won. Quentin has invested his winnings back in feeding the poor. From 1,000 a day, he successfully fed 2，000 for Thanksgiving that year. His concept of focusing on giving rather than winning had finally paid off.
“West Humboldt Park has a large number of homeless, and the drug problem is terrible. I wanted to show the community that people care and give those down on their luck an opportunity to own what’s good for them，starting with what they put in their bodies. And, maybe that might inspire them to do better in other aspects of their lives. ”
8. What caused Quentin’s life to start to change
A. The retirement from the army.
B. The pullback from the secret society.
C. The success of his first restaurant in 2001.
D. The decision of giving back to his community.
9. How did Quentin overcome financial problems in 2015
A. By winning a competition.
B. By taking part in a soldiers’ club.
C. By organising a cooking competition.
D. By accepting donations from retired soldiers.
10. Which of the following words can best describe Quentin
A. Kind and ambitious.
B. Cooperative and generous.
C. Curious and professional.
D. Courageous and humorous.
11. What can the reader learn from his story
A. Money talks.
B. East or west, home is best.
C. A begun work is half ended.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D
A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process (衰老过程）. Researchers say that getting older should not necessarily mean becoming more weak or sick. Their research shows that the devotion to a life of movement and exercise may help us live not only longer, but also more healthily.
For their study, the researchers looked at two groups. The first group was made up of 125 non-professional cyclists between the ages of 55 and 79. This group included 84 healthy men and 41 healthy women. This group was called the “cyclists”.
Researchers then found 130 other people to make up a second group. Within this group, 75 people were aged from 57 to 80. The other 55 were between the ages of 20 and 36. The people in this group were also healthy，but they did not exercise regularly. This group was called the “ non-exercisers Smokers，heavy drinkers of alcohol and people with other health issues were not included in the study.
Then, researchers gave both groups a series of tests. They tested their muscle mass，muscular strength，percentage of body fat and the strength of their immune systems(免疫系统）. Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.
Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes usually regarded as a normal aging process. For example, they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength. Also, their body fat did not increase with age.
The researchers also found something they had not expected. The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists did not age either.
The researchers advise us all to find the exercise that we like in our lives.
12. How did the researchers carry out the study
A. By comparison.
B. Through discussion.
C. With imagination.
D. By reasoning.
13. Which of the following is a result of the research
A. The cyclists kept thin.
B. The non-exercisers gained weight easily.
C. The cyclists，muscles remained strong with age.
D. The non-exercisers usually had health problems.
14. Which is an unexpected result for the researchers
A. The cyclists had the normal aging process.
B. The cyclists, immune systems didn’t age.
C. The cyclists lost nearly all their fat.
D. Everyone needed exercise in their lives.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Healthy People Need More Exercise
B. Take Exercise, the Harder，the Better
C. Cycling Is the Best Way to Prevent Aging
D. A Lifetime of Exercise Slows the Aging Process
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reasons you should make time for the sunset
Here’s why you should consider making time to watch the sunset.
It can slow down time.
Seriously, by witnessing the beauty of the sunset, you can slow down your perception (感知）of time. 16. ________Amazingly, by spending time looking at the vast sky, we，re actually empowering (使能够）ourselves to regain control of the clock.
It can provide energy for you.
Even if you have to go back to the office after you watch that last sliver disappear below the skyline，taking a few minutes out of your day to experience some of the golden hour will be worth it. 17. ________Often when we feel exhausted we reach for a cup of coffee，but research suggests a better way to get energized is to connect with nature.
It will force you to put your phone down.
When we regard the sunset as a special occasion, we feel the urge to document and save it—as if keeping photos of its beauty will help us remember that wonderful feeling. 18. ________
It will inspire you.
There’s a reason why the sunset is a timeless and constant inspiration for poets, writers and romantics—it is inspiring. Mahatma Gandhi observed this power when he said，“When I admire the wonders of a sunset or the beauty of the moon, my soul expands in the worship of the creator. ”
19. ________
All of us are drawn to the sunset, but people in a few special places really regard the sunset as a daily opportunity to give thanks. 20. ________Crowds gather to cheer and applaud it, reinforcing(加强）the idea that we should celebrate and be thankful for each day.
A. Nature is fuel for the soul.
B. It will help you appreciate life’s gifts.
C. Do you draw inspiration from the sunset
D. It will allow you to exercise in a healthy way.
E. Do you feel like there aren’t enough hours in the day
F. But if you experience the sunset more regularly, you’ll no longer see it through a screen.
G. In places like Santorini, Greece, and Maui, Hawaii, the sunset is regarded as a nightly celebration.
第二部分语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选 出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s hard being an astronaut’s son. I 21，everybody expects you to be special or 22 ，but Fm just an average student.
I often wonder 23 my father ever had a son like me. I mean he’s so 24 and so good at everything. So I used to dream about doing something spectacular (令人惊叹的）to 25 my father.
In one class, my teacher 26 a Father’s Day essay contest for us and the winners’ essays would be read in front of all the parents and students. After school I walked home, 27 about my father, who I would write about in my essay. He sat with me in the 28 when I was a little kid and had a nightmare. He 29 me with a new puppy at my eighth birthday party. To me, he wasn’t a world-famous astronaut, but just my dad.
I wrote about all these 30 in my essay. One of our neighbours said，“I 31you’ll win the contest，David. You’re the only one in town whose father is an astronaut. ” I didn’t want to win 32 because my father was an astronaut.
I won the second prize. When I finished reading my essay, the 33 applauded. I saw my father blowing his nose. Dad nodded to me, 34 his throat，and put his hand on my shoulder. “Son，this is the 35 moment of my life，” he said.
It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I’ll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize，but just then，it was enough just to be my father’s son.
21. A. doubt B. say C. know D. believe
22. A. strange B. honest C. perfect D. formal
23. A. why B. where C. whether D. when
24. A. normal B. funny C. special D. unique
25 A. shock B. influence C. attract D. impress
26. A. reported B. announced C. claimed D. warned
27 A. caring B. worrying
C. thinking D. complaining
28. A. silence B. threat
C. horror D. dark
29. A. pleased B. astonished
C. supported D. encourage
30. A. experiments B. incidents
C. dreams D. memories
31. A. wish B. guess
C. bet D. promise
32. A. merely B. never C. hardly D. nearly
33. A. parents B. audience C. students D. teachers
34. A. cleaned B. blew C. cleared D. opened
35. A. most B. proudest C. smallest D. longest
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Back to the Moon
NASA is on a mission to put the first woman and the next man to the moon by 2024. On May 16，the space agency took the 36. _________(late) step in that process. It announced the 11 companies 37. _________ (choose) to help produce advanced human lunar landers. These spacecraft 38. _________ (use) to transport astronauts to the moon’s surface during a moon mission. NASA has named this mission Artemis, 39. _________ is the twin sister of Apollo and goddess of the moon in Greek mythology.
NASA last sent people to the moon on the Apollo 17 mission. That was in 1972. Now, the agency wants to learn40. _________humans can live there. NASA leader Jim Bridenstine notes on the organization’s website. “This time, when we go to the moon, we will stay. ” The 11 companies NASA has worked with will study human landing systems and develop models. “Our team is excited to get back to the moon as 41. _________ (quick) as possible,” said Marshall Smith. He is director for human lunar 42. _________ (explore) programs at NASA. 43. _________ (work) with the companies is “ an achieving that goal, he adds. The important step” 44. _________ companies have been chosen from eight states. NASA 45. _________ (achieve) the companies a total of $ 45. 5 million so far.
第三部分写作
第一节
假定你是李华，最近某英文报社就“城市生活的利与弊”面向社会进行征稿，请你给报社编辑写一封信，谈谈自己的看法。要点如下：
Advantages
1. 交通便利 2. 有休闲场所
Disadvantages
1. 生活消费高 2. 人口多、拥挤
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Who is in control of your life Who is pulling your strings For the majority of us, it’s other people—colleagues, friends or our family, or even society. We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry (模仿)，their passions a quotation. ”
When people tell us how wonderful we are，it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug—we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives， failing to do the things we really want to. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their drugs，we worsen our own existence to get our own constant drugs of approval.
But, just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom—the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. Everyone has a different way of thinking，and people change their opinions all the time. Moreover, people have their own business，and in the end，they’re more interested in themselves than in you. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process.
So how can we take back control I think there’s only one way—make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values— not values imposed (强力口）from the outside by others，but values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析：
第一部分阅读
第一节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们讲述了随着新工具发明，天文学也随之发展。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. ”可知，当古希腊人看星空时，他们能 够观测到星星随着季节的变化而移动。故选D项。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，直到有了望远 镜，人们才了解月球。故选A项。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens. ”和第三段中的“They did not know that the planet called Saturn had rings around it. ”可知，D 项 (2，000多年前，古希腊人认为土星周围有圆环）不符合文意。故选D项。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了科学家哈雷及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。4. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ He concluded that they had simply seen the same comet three times. ”及上文提到的看到彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年和1682年可知，B项正确。
5. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made. ” 以及第二段 中的“He figured out the orbits . . . by scientists. ”可知，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观测结果时得出来的。故选C项。
6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Hailey’s prediction could be tested. ”可知，哈雷预测曾星会在 1758 年出现，而这需要过53年才能得到验证，即1758 -53 = 1705,故选 B项。
7. D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家哈 雷及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。故选D项。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了昆廷经历起起伏伏的人生，最终取得成功的故事。
8. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的第四句可知，昆廷把重心放在回报社会的决定让他的人生开始转变。故选D项。
9. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The show had retired soldiers from four military branches in a cooking competition. Quentin won. ”可知，昆廷在一场厨艺大赛中获胜，解决了他的资金问题。 故选A项。
10. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据昆廷回报社会的做法，可知他是善良的，并且他失败了也不放弃，为自己的目标继续努力，可推知他是有抱负的。故选A项。
11. D【解析】推理判断题。本文主要讲述了昆廷经历起起伏伏的人生,最终取得成功的故事，这个故事告诉我们:有志者事竟成。故选D项。
D
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现终身有规律地锻炼和运动可以减缓衰老过程。
12. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段至第六段可知,研究人员设立了两个对比小组并比较了两组的结果，即研究人员通过比较来进行研究。故A项正确。
13. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes . . . they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength. 可知，研究结果显示，骑自行车的人没 有随着年龄的增长而失去肌肉含量和肌肉力量,也就是说骑自行 车的人的肌肉依然保持强健。故C项正确。
14. B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，令研究人员没有 想到的是，骑自行车的人的免疫系统也没有老化。故B项正确。
15. D【解析】标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process. ”以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现终身有规律地锻炼和运动可以减缓衰老过程。故D项最适合作为本文标题。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了五个应该抽时间去看日落的理由。
16. E【解析】 根据上文中的“Seriously，by witnessing the beauty of the sunset, you can slow down your perception of time. ”可推知，看日落时我们对时间的感知会变慢。故E项（你觉得一天没有足够的时间吗？）符合语境。故选E。
17. A【解析】根据小标题“ It can provide energy for you. ”可知，本段讲的是日落能给人提供能量，而日落属于大自然的景象，故选A。 A项中的nature与空后句子中的nature相呼应，fuel与小标题中 的energy相呼应。
18. F 【解析】根据上文中的“When we regard the sunset as a special occasion . . . remember that wonderful feeling. ” 以及本段小标题“It will force you to put your phone down. ” 可知，F 项（但是如果你更经常地看日落,你就不会再通过屏幕看它了）符合语境。故选F。
19. B【解析】空处为小标题，根据F文中的“All of us are drawn to the sunset，but people in a few special places really regard the sunset as a daily opportunity to give thanks. ”可推知，日落会帮助你感激生活的给予。故选B。
20. G 【解】 下文中的“ Crowds gather to cheer and applaud it, reinforcing the idea that we should celebrate and be thankful for each day. ”中celebrate可对应到G项中的celebration，G项（在希腊的 圣托里尼岛和夏威夷的毛伊岛等地，日落被视为夜间的庆祝活 动）符合语境。故选G。
第二部分语言运用
【语篇导读】作为一名宇航员的儿子，作者被很多人羡慕着并且被期望与众不同，作者过去也总想着做些引人注意的事情让父亲印象深刻. 但是通过一次作文比赛作者认识到，只要做爸爸的儿子就足够了。
21. C 【解析】根据前一句 “It’s hard being an astronaut’s son. (做~-名 宇航员的儿子真难）”可知，此处指的是“我知道，每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美”。故选C项。
22. C 【解析】第一句说做宇航员的儿子难,此处解释难的原因：每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美。根据or前的special可知选C 项。perfect意为“完美的”，符合语境。
23. A 【解析】 根据后一句 “I mean he’s so _ and so good at everything. ”可知,作者总是想知道父亲为什么会有像他这样的儿子。故选A项。
24. C【解析】根据第一段第二句中的“everybody expects you to be special or”和该空后的so good at everything可知，作者认为父亲很特别，special意为“特别的”。故选C项。
25. D 【解析】根据该空前的doing something spectacular可知此处指 的是作者想做一些惊人的举动来给父亲留下深刻的印象。 impress sb意为“给某人留下深刻的印象”。故选D项。
26. B 【解析】根据空后的a Father’s Day essay contest可知，作者的老师宣布了一个有关父亲节的写作比赛。announce意为“宣布”。 故选B项。
27. C 【解析】结合语境可知此处指的是,作者在回家的路上，一边走一边想自己的父亲。think about意为“考虑;思考”。故选C项。
28. D【解析】根据空后的had a nightmare可知此处指的是，当作者是个小孩子，做噩梦的时候，父亲会坐在黑暗当中陪伴作者。故选 D项。
29. A【解析】此处指的是,他用一条新的小狗来逗作者开心。please 意为“使高兴”。故选A项。
30. D 【解析】根据上一段的描述可知，作者把所有这些记忆都写在了文章当中。memory意为“记忆”。故选D项。
31. C【解析】根据后一句“You’re the only one in town whose father is an astronaut. ”可知,邻居打赌说作者会在比赛中获胜。bet意为 “打赌;敢说”。故选C项。
32. A【解析】句意:我不想只是因为我爸爸是宇航员而获胜。根据上下文语境可知选A项。merely意为“仅仅;只不过”。
33. B【解析】根据第三段的描述可知，台下除了学生以外，还有老师和家长。故此处指的是观众鼓起掌来。audience意为“观众”。 故选B项。
34. C【解析】根据上文中的“I saw my father blowing his nose. ” 可知， 父亲擤了擤鼻子,此处则应指他清了清嗓子,把手放在作者的肩膀上对作者说。clear one's throat意为“清嗓子”。故选C项。
35. B 【解析】 根据下文中的“It was the proudest moment of my life, too. ”可知，此处指的是这是父亲最骄傲的时刻。故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了NASA计划在；2024年将第一位女性和下一位男性送往月球。
36. latest【解析】此处表示在那个过程中有了最新的进展，需用late 的最高级形式latest。
37. chosen 【解析】11 companies与choose之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 故用过去分词作后置定语。
38. are used 【解析】these spacecraft与use之间是被动关系，此处又是描述一个客观事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
39. who 【解析】先行词Artemis是人,关系词在后面的非限制性定语 从句中作主语，故用who。
40. if/whether【解析】learn后是宾语从句，此处表示想了解人类是否 能居住在月球上，故用if/whether引导宾语从句。
41. quickly【解析】修饰动词短语get back to应用副词形式。
42. exploration【解析】用名词exploration修饰名词programs,以说明 programs的性质。
43. Working【解析】谓语动词是is，其前应用动词-ing作主语。
44. to 【解析】空后是动词-ing形式，前面应用介词。a step to doing sth做某事的一步。
45. has achieved 【解析】根据句中的时间状语so far可知谓语动词应 用现在完成时。
第三部分写作
第一节
One possible version：
Dear editor,
I’m writing to you to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city.
Some people are in favour of living in the city. In their view, there are always many choices of public transport. Besides, they can go to the cinemas and parks whenever they want to relax.
Others，however，are against the idea，firmly believing living cost in the city is much higher. What，s more, the city is crowded and noisy. It is very difficult to find a place where people can enjoy peace.
Personally speaking，with the development of economy，living in the city is a must for people. We must make great efforts to reduce pollution and make the city more beautiful.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version：
It is common that our life is controlled by other people around us. (要点 1 ) That’s because we attach great importance to being approved of by them. (要点 2) Sadly, their recognition costs us our freedom to be who we are，whereas their changeable and uninterested thoughts are uncontrollable. (要点 3) However, we can still be our own masters by ignoring opinions of others and sticking to our inner values, thus making our life cheerful and meaningful. (要点 4)
第一部分阅读
第一节
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Astronomy is the oldest science known to man. Thousands of years ago, man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens. But man was limited by what he could see with his eyes alone.
The Greeks studied astronomy over 2，000 years ago. They could see the size，colour and brightness of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens.
Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. Until there were telescopes，men did not know much about the moon. They did not know that the planet called Saturn (土星）had rings around it. Their sight was so limited that they could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s，people thought there were only six planets. Neptune (海王星)，the last of eight planets to be discovered, was not seen until 1846.
Before the spectroscope (分光镜），man did not know what kind of gases was in the sun or other stars. Without the radio telescope，we didn’t know that radio noises came from far out in space.
Today, astronomy is a growing science. We had learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.
1. When the Greeks watched the stars, they could____________.
A. know what the stars were made of
B. not see their places in the sky
C. help themselves study the heavens
D. watch the stars move as the seasons changed
2. Until there were ____________，man knew very little about the moon.
A. telescopes
B. spectroscopes
C. radio telescopes
D. spaceships
3. Which of the following sentences is NOT true
A. Astronomy is the oldest science that humans have known.
B. Astronomy is developing fast with the help of technology.
C. In the early 1700s, people didn’t know the existence of Neptune.
D. Over 2,000 years ago，the Greeks knew the planet Saturn had rings around it.
B
Edmund Hailey was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星）which other scientists had made. The orbit (轨道）of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However，Hailey had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Hailey that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形）.
Then Hailey set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531，1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 74 to 79 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Hailey. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Hailey thought about it，the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He concluded that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Hailey felt certain though (然 而)to make a prediction (预言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Hailey’s prediction could be tested- In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Hailey did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Hailey’s comet, in his honour.
4. Edmund Hailey figured out the orbit of____________.
A. some different comets appearing several times
B. the same comet appearing at different times
C. three different comets appearing at the same time
D. several comets appearing at the same time
5. Hailey made his discovery____________.
A. by doing experiments
B. by means of his own careful observation
C. by using the work of other scientists
D. by chance
6. When did Hailey make a surprising, but correct prediction
A. In 1704.
B. In 1705.
C. In 1706.
D. In 1707.
7. This passage in general is about____________.
A. Hailey and other scientists
B. the orbit of a comet
C. Newton and Hailey
D. Hailey and his discovery
C
Coming from a broken home on the mean streets, Quentin had been on the wrong side of the law influenced by secret society and drugs. He has risen and fallen many times，which is why his turn round is all the more inspiring.
Having got out of the secret society and later honourably retired from the Marines(海军陆战队），Quentin struggled with various business adventures including running barber shops and dry cleaners. Wanting to offer a healthier option, he started his first restaurant in 2001 in his hometown. Again, success was lasting only a short time for over a decade. Determined to make a change and focus on giving rather than succeeding, Quentin changed things up again. It was then that his life really began to turn around.
From 2013，his restaurant, The Turkey Chop Grill, would close for the paying public every Monday and only offer free food to those in need. He served great meals to over 1，000 poor people every day from his own pockets，giving over 60，000 meals in two years.
Money, however, remained an issue with such kindness and so，Quentin took a chance and appeared on Guy Fieri’s show “Grocery Games” in 2015. The show had retired soldiers from four military branches in a cooking competition. Quentin won. Quentin has invested his winnings back in feeding the poor. From 1,000 a day, he successfully fed 2，000 for Thanksgiving that year. His concept of focusing on giving rather than winning had finally paid off.
“West Humboldt Park has a large number of homeless, and the drug problem is terrible. I wanted to show the community that people care and give those down on their luck an opportunity to own what’s good for them，starting with what they put in their bodies. And, maybe that might inspire them to do better in other aspects of their lives. ”
8. What caused Quentin’s life to start to change
A. The retirement from the army.
B. The pullback from the secret society.
C. The success of his first restaurant in 2001.
D. The decision of giving back to his community.
9. How did Quentin overcome financial problems in 2015
A. By winning a competition.
B. By taking part in a soldiers’ club.
C. By organising a cooking competition.
D. By accepting donations from retired soldiers.
10. Which of the following words can best describe Quentin
A. Kind and ambitious.
B. Cooperative and generous.
C. Curious and professional.
D. Courageous and humorous.
11. What can the reader learn from his story
A. Money talks.
B. East or west, home is best.
C. A begun work is half ended.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D
A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process (衰老过程）. Researchers say that getting older should not necessarily mean becoming more weak or sick. Their research shows that the devotion to a life of movement and exercise may help us live not only longer, but also more healthily.
For their study, the researchers looked at two groups. The first group was made up of 125 non-professional cyclists between the ages of 55 and 79. This group included 84 healthy men and 41 healthy women. This group was called the “cyclists”.
Researchers then found 130 other people to make up a second group. Within this group, 75 people were aged from 57 to 80. The other 55 were between the ages of 20 and 36. The people in this group were also healthy，but they did not exercise regularly. This group was called the “ non-exercisers Smokers，heavy drinkers of alcohol and people with other health issues were not included in the study.
Then, researchers gave both groups a series of tests. They tested their muscle mass，muscular strength，percentage of body fat and the strength of their immune systems(免疫系统）. Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.
Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes usually regarded as a normal aging process. For example, they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength. Also, their body fat did not increase with age.
The researchers also found something they had not expected. The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists did not age either.
The researchers advise us all to find the exercise that we like in our lives.
12. How did the researchers carry out the study
A. By comparison.
B. Through discussion.
C. With imagination.
D. By reasoning.
13. Which of the following is a result of the research
A. The cyclists kept thin.
B. The non-exercisers gained weight easily.
C. The cyclists，muscles remained strong with age.
D. The non-exercisers usually had health problems.
14. Which is an unexpected result for the researchers
A. The cyclists had the normal aging process.
B. The cyclists, immune systems didn’t age.
C. The cyclists lost nearly all their fat.
D. Everyone needed exercise in their lives.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Healthy People Need More Exercise
B. Take Exercise, the Harder，the Better
C. Cycling Is the Best Way to Prevent Aging
D. A Lifetime of Exercise Slows the Aging Process
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reasons you should make time for the sunset
Here’s why you should consider making time to watch the sunset.
It can slow down time.
Seriously, by witnessing the beauty of the sunset, you can slow down your perception (感知）of time. 16. ________Amazingly, by spending time looking at the vast sky, we，re actually empowering (使能够）ourselves to regain control of the clock.
It can provide energy for you.
Even if you have to go back to the office after you watch that last sliver disappear below the skyline，taking a few minutes out of your day to experience some of the golden hour will be worth it. 17. ________Often when we feel exhausted we reach for a cup of coffee，but research suggests a better way to get energized is to connect with nature.
It will force you to put your phone down.
When we regard the sunset as a special occasion, we feel the urge to document and save it—as if keeping photos of its beauty will help us remember that wonderful feeling. 18. ________
It will inspire you.
There’s a reason why the sunset is a timeless and constant inspiration for poets, writers and romantics—it is inspiring. Mahatma Gandhi observed this power when he said，“When I admire the wonders of a sunset or the beauty of the moon, my soul expands in the worship of the creator. ”
19. ________
All of us are drawn to the sunset, but people in a few special places really regard the sunset as a daily opportunity to give thanks. 20. ________Crowds gather to cheer and applaud it, reinforcing(加强）the idea that we should celebrate and be thankful for each day.
A. Nature is fuel for the soul.
B. It will help you appreciate life’s gifts.
C. Do you draw inspiration from the sunset
D. It will allow you to exercise in a healthy way.
E. Do you feel like there aren’t enough hours in the day
F. But if you experience the sunset more regularly, you’ll no longer see it through a screen.
G. In places like Santorini, Greece, and Maui, Hawaii, the sunset is regarded as a nightly celebration.
第二部分语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选 出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It’s hard being an astronaut’s son. I 21，everybody expects you to be special or 22 ，but Fm just an average student.
I often wonder 23 my father ever had a son like me. I mean he’s so 24 and so good at everything. So I used to dream about doing something spectacular (令人惊叹的）to 25 my father.
In one class, my teacher 26 a Father’s Day essay contest for us and the winners’ essays would be read in front of all the parents and students. After school I walked home, 27 about my father, who I would write about in my essay. He sat with me in the 28 when I was a little kid and had a nightmare. He 29 me with a new puppy at my eighth birthday party. To me, he wasn’t a world-famous astronaut, but just my dad.
I wrote about all these 30 in my essay. One of our neighbours said，“I 31you’ll win the contest，David. You’re the only one in town whose father is an astronaut. ” I didn’t want to win 32 because my father was an astronaut.
I won the second prize. When I finished reading my essay, the 33 applauded. I saw my father blowing his nose. Dad nodded to me, 34 his throat，and put his hand on my shoulder. “Son，this is the 35 moment of my life，” he said.
It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I’ll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize，but just then，it was enough just to be my father’s son.
21. A. doubt B. say C. know D. believe
22. A. strange B. honest C. perfect D. formal
23. A. why B. where C. whether D. when
24. A. normal B. funny C. special D. unique
25 A. shock B. influence C. attract D. impress
26. A. reported B. announced C. claimed D. warned
27 A. caring B. worrying
C. thinking D. complaining
28. A. silence B. threat
C. horror D. dark
29. A. pleased B. astonished
C. supported D. encourage
30. A. experiments B. incidents
C. dreams D. memories
31. A. wish B. guess
C. bet D. promise
32. A. merely B. never C. hardly D. nearly
33. A. parents B. audience C. students D. teachers
34. A. cleaned B. blew C. cleared D. opened
35. A. most B. proudest C. smallest D. longest
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Back to the Moon
NASA is on a mission to put the first woman and the next man to the moon by 2024. On May 16，the space agency took the 36. _________(late) step in that process. It announced the 11 companies 37. _________ (choose) to help produce advanced human lunar landers. These spacecraft 38. _________ (use) to transport astronauts to the moon’s surface during a moon mission. NASA has named this mission Artemis, 39. _________ is the twin sister of Apollo and goddess of the moon in Greek mythology.
NASA last sent people to the moon on the Apollo 17 mission. That was in 1972. Now, the agency wants to learn40. _________humans can live there. NASA leader Jim Bridenstine notes on the organization’s website. “This time, when we go to the moon, we will stay. ” The 11 companies NASA has worked with will study human landing systems and develop models. “Our team is excited to get back to the moon as 41. _________ (quick) as possible,” said Marshall Smith. He is director for human lunar 42. _________ (explore) programs at NASA. 43. _________ (work) with the companies is “ an achieving that goal, he adds. The important step” 44. _________ companies have been chosen from eight states. NASA 45. _________ (achieve) the companies a total of $ 45. 5 million so far.
第三部分写作
第一节
假定你是李华，最近某英文报社就“城市生活的利与弊”面向社会进行征稿，请你给报社编辑写一封信，谈谈自己的看法。要点如下：
Advantages
1. 交通便利 2. 有休闲场所
Disadvantages
1. 生活消费高 2. 人口多、拥挤
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Who is in control of your life Who is pulling your strings For the majority of us, it’s other people—colleagues, friends or our family, or even society. We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry (模仿)，their passions a quotation. ”
When people tell us how wonderful we are，it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug—we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives， failing to do the things we really want to. Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their drugs，we worsen our own existence to get our own constant drugs of approval.
But, just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom—the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. Everyone has a different way of thinking，and people change their opinions all the time. Moreover, people have their own business，and in the end，they’re more interested in themselves than in you. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process.
So how can we take back control I think there’s only one way—make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values— not values imposed (强力口）from the outside by others，but values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析：
第一部分阅读
第一节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们讲述了随着新工具发明，天文学也随之发展。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. ”可知，当古希腊人看星空时，他们能 够观测到星星随着季节的变化而移动。故选D项。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，直到有了望远 镜，人们才了解月球。故选A项。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens. ”和第三段中的“They did not know that the planet called Saturn had rings around it. ”可知，D 项 (2，000多年前，古希腊人认为土星周围有圆环）不符合文意。故选D项。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了科学家哈雷及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。4. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ He concluded that they had simply seen the same comet three times. ”及上文提到的看到彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年和1682年可知，B项正确。
5. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made. ” 以及第二段 中的“He figured out the orbits . . . by scientists. ”可知，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观测结果时得出来的。故选C项。
6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Hailey’s prediction could be tested. ”可知，哈雷预测曾星会在 1758 年出现，而这需要过53年才能得到验证，即1758 -53 = 1705,故选 B项。
7. D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家哈 雷及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。故选D项。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了昆廷经历起起伏伏的人生，最终取得成功的故事。
8. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的第四句可知，昆廷把重心放在回报社会的决定让他的人生开始转变。故选D项。
9. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The show had retired soldiers from four military branches in a cooking competition. Quentin won. ”可知，昆廷在一场厨艺大赛中获胜，解决了他的资金问题。 故选A项。
10. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据昆廷回报社会的做法，可知他是善良的，并且他失败了也不放弃，为自己的目标继续努力，可推知他是有抱负的。故选A项。
11. D【解析】推理判断题。本文主要讲述了昆廷经历起起伏伏的人生,最终取得成功的故事，这个故事告诉我们:有志者事竟成。故选D项。
D
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现终身有规律地锻炼和运动可以减缓衰老过程。
12. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段至第六段可知,研究人员设立了两个对比小组并比较了两组的结果，即研究人员通过比较来进行研究。故A项正确。
13. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes . . . they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength. 可知，研究结果显示，骑自行车的人没 有随着年龄的增长而失去肌肉含量和肌肉力量,也就是说骑自行 车的人的肌肉依然保持强健。故C项正确。
14. B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，令研究人员没有 想到的是，骑自行车的人的免疫系统也没有老化。故B项正确。
15. D【解析】标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process. ”以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现终身有规律地锻炼和运动可以减缓衰老过程。故D项最适合作为本文标题。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了五个应该抽时间去看日落的理由。
16. E【解析】 根据上文中的“Seriously，by witnessing the beauty of the sunset, you can slow down your perception of time. ”可推知，看日落时我们对时间的感知会变慢。故E项（你觉得一天没有足够的时间吗？）符合语境。故选E。
17. A【解析】根据小标题“ It can provide energy for you. ”可知，本段讲的是日落能给人提供能量，而日落属于大自然的景象，故选A。 A项中的nature与空后句子中的nature相呼应，fuel与小标题中 的energy相呼应。
18. F 【解析】根据上文中的“When we regard the sunset as a special occasion . . . remember that wonderful feeling. ” 以及本段小标题“It will force you to put your phone down. ” 可知，F 项（但是如果你更经常地看日落,你就不会再通过屏幕看它了）符合语境。故选F。
19. B【解析】空处为小标题，根据F文中的“All of us are drawn to the sunset，but people in a few special places really regard the sunset as a daily opportunity to give thanks. ”可推知，日落会帮助你感激生活的给予。故选B。
20. G 【解】 下文中的“ Crowds gather to cheer and applaud it, reinforcing the idea that we should celebrate and be thankful for each day. ”中celebrate可对应到G项中的celebration，G项（在希腊的 圣托里尼岛和夏威夷的毛伊岛等地，日落被视为夜间的庆祝活 动）符合语境。故选G。
第二部分语言运用
【语篇导读】作为一名宇航员的儿子，作者被很多人羡慕着并且被期望与众不同，作者过去也总想着做些引人注意的事情让父亲印象深刻. 但是通过一次作文比赛作者认识到，只要做爸爸的儿子就足够了。
21. C 【解析】根据前一句 “It’s hard being an astronaut’s son. (做~-名 宇航员的儿子真难）”可知，此处指的是“我知道，每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美”。故选C项。
22. C 【解析】第一句说做宇航员的儿子难,此处解释难的原因：每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美。根据or前的special可知选C 项。perfect意为“完美的”，符合语境。
23. A 【解析】 根据后一句 “I mean he’s so _ and so good at everything. ”可知,作者总是想知道父亲为什么会有像他这样的儿子。故选A项。
24. C【解析】根据第一段第二句中的“everybody expects you to be special or”和该空后的so good at everything可知，作者认为父亲很特别，special意为“特别的”。故选C项。
25. D 【解析】根据该空前的doing something spectacular可知此处指 的是作者想做一些惊人的举动来给父亲留下深刻的印象。 impress sb意为“给某人留下深刻的印象”。故选D项。
26. B 【解析】根据空后的a Father’s Day essay contest可知，作者的老师宣布了一个有关父亲节的写作比赛。announce意为“宣布”。 故选B项。
27. C 【解析】结合语境可知此处指的是,作者在回家的路上，一边走一边想自己的父亲。think about意为“考虑;思考”。故选C项。
28. D【解析】根据空后的had a nightmare可知此处指的是，当作者是个小孩子，做噩梦的时候，父亲会坐在黑暗当中陪伴作者。故选 D项。
29. A【解析】此处指的是,他用一条新的小狗来逗作者开心。please 意为“使高兴”。故选A项。
30. D 【解析】根据上一段的描述可知，作者把所有这些记忆都写在了文章当中。memory意为“记忆”。故选D项。
31. C【解析】根据后一句“You’re the only one in town whose father is an astronaut. ”可知,邻居打赌说作者会在比赛中获胜。bet意为 “打赌;敢说”。故选C项。
32. A【解析】句意:我不想只是因为我爸爸是宇航员而获胜。根据上下文语境可知选A项。merely意为“仅仅;只不过”。
33. B【解析】根据第三段的描述可知，台下除了学生以外，还有老师和家长。故此处指的是观众鼓起掌来。audience意为“观众”。 故选B项。
34. C【解析】根据上文中的“I saw my father blowing his nose. ” 可知， 父亲擤了擤鼻子,此处则应指他清了清嗓子,把手放在作者的肩膀上对作者说。clear one's throat意为“清嗓子”。故选C项。
35. B 【解析】 根据下文中的“It was the proudest moment of my life, too. ”可知，此处指的是这是父亲最骄傲的时刻。故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了NASA计划在；2024年将第一位女性和下一位男性送往月球。
36. latest【解析】此处表示在那个过程中有了最新的进展，需用late 的最高级形式latest。
37. chosen 【解析】11 companies与choose之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 故用过去分词作后置定语。
38. are used 【解析】these spacecraft与use之间是被动关系，此处又是描述一个客观事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
39. who 【解析】先行词Artemis是人,关系词在后面的非限制性定语 从句中作主语，故用who。
40. if/whether【解析】learn后是宾语从句，此处表示想了解人类是否 能居住在月球上，故用if/whether引导宾语从句。
41. quickly【解析】修饰动词短语get back to应用副词形式。
42. exploration【解析】用名词exploration修饰名词programs,以说明 programs的性质。
43. Working【解析】谓语动词是is，其前应用动词-ing作主语。
44. to 【解析】空后是动词-ing形式，前面应用介词。a step to doing sth做某事的一步。
45. has achieved 【解析】根据句中的时间状语so far可知谓语动词应 用现在完成时。
第三部分写作
第一节
One possible version：
Dear editor,
I’m writing to you to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city.
Some people are in favour of living in the city. In their view, there are always many choices of public transport. Besides, they can go to the cinemas and parks whenever they want to relax.
Others，however，are against the idea，firmly believing living cost in the city is much higher. What，s more, the city is crowded and noisy. It is very difficult to find a place where people can enjoy peace.
Personally speaking，with the development of economy，living in the city is a must for people. We must make great efforts to reduce pollution and make the city more beautiful.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version：
It is common that our life is controlled by other people around us. (要点 1 ) That’s because we attach great importance to being approved of by them. (要点 2) Sadly, their recognition costs us our freedom to be who we are，whereas their changeable and uninterested thoughts are uncontrollable. (要点 3) However, we can still be our own masters by ignoring opinions of others and sticking to our inner values, thus making our life cheerful and meaningful. (要点 4)