人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement Review精品课件(共67张PPT)

(共67张PPT)
人教版2019选择性必修第一册
Unit 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
重难点复习一遍过
知识清单I
creative
crucial
vital
commit
academic　
objective
botanical
evaluate
property
distinct
boil
liquid
obtain
acknowledge
defeat
analyse　
apparently　
substance　
insist
scientific
mostly
做出发现
导致;通向
死于
从……毕业
在和……的战斗中
偶然
提炼出
坚持　
在……上做试验
按照;根据……所说
1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
【教材原句】Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,仅在非洲一年就可以挽救10万人的生命。
【词汇精讲】vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
These measures are vital to national security.
这些措施对国家安全很重要。
Reading is of vital importance in language learning.
阅读在语言学习中至关重要。
词汇一遍过I
【词汇拓展】
It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self-employed.
自主经营者要准确记录账目,这十分重要。
Skillful employees are vital to/for the success of any company.
熟练的雇员对任何公司的成功都极为重要。
2.committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
【教材原句】Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.屠呦呦,一位忠于职守、有耐心的科学家,1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
【词汇精讲】committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
Tom is a committed member of our football team.
汤姆是我们足球队忠于职守的队员。
China is committed to peace,development and cooperation in international affairs.
中国在国际事务中一贯致力于和平、发展与合作。
【词汇拓展】
I have committed myself now and cannot draw back.
我已经做了承诺,无法反悔。
He committed himself to the cause of education.
他投身于教育事业。
3.evaluate vt.评价;评估
【教材原句】Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.她的团队查阅了2,000多份旧的医学文献,并对28万株植物的医学特性进行了评估。
【词汇精讲】evaluate vt.评价;评估
Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
我们的研究试图评估不同药物的有效性。
It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。
【词汇拓展】
4.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得　vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
【教材原句】They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.然后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,并使用从青蒿中获得的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不起作用。
【词汇精讲】obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
I haven’t been able to obtain that record anywhere.
我到处都没买到那张唱片。
Conditions of extreme poverty now obtain in many parts of the country.
目前,该国许多地区处于赤贫状态。
【词汇拓展】
Further information can be obtained from head office.
可以从总公司获得进一步的信息。
The results are obtained through repeated experiments.
结果是通过反复试验获得的。
5.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
defeat n.失败;挫败　vt.击败;战胜
【教材原句】However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而,屠呦呦不承认失败。
【词汇精讲1】acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
The driver acknowledged my instructions but did not move off.
司机知道了我的指示,但是没有动。
He was acknowledged for his long service with the company.
他因在公司服务多年而受到了感谢。
【词汇拓展】
She is usually acknowledged to be one of our best artists.
她是我们公认的最好的艺术家之一。
It is widely acknowledged that the film is instructive and full of emotion.
大家普遍认为这部电影具有教育意义,并且充满情感。
【温馨提示】acknowledge表示“承认做了某事”,其后可接动词-ing形式,也可接that从句,但通常不接不定式。acknowledge后虽不能接不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补。
【词汇精讲2】defeat n.失败;挫败　vt.击败;战胜
If we coordinate our efforts we should be able to defeat the enemy.
如果能将我们的努力协调一致,我们就能够击败敌人。
In victory and defeat,the Olympics are a platform for personal and national glory.
胜利和失败,奥林匹克就是实现个人和国家荣誉的舞台。
【易混辨析】
Our basketball team beat Class Three last week.
我们班的篮球队上周战胜了三班。
By her hard work,she won herself a place in the school team.
在刻苦训练下,她在校队里赢得了一席之地。
6.insist vi.&vt. 坚持;坚决要求
【教材原句】Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要在自己身上测试这种药,以确保它的安全性。
【词汇精讲】 insist vi.&vt. 坚持;坚决要求,通常和介词on连用,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。
She insisted on going to the cinema alone.
她坚持自己去看电影。
My friend insisted on my going to her birthday party.
我的朋友坚持让我参加她的生日聚会。
【词汇拓展】
(1)表示“坚持认为,坚持说”,后跟宾语从句用陈述语气;
(2)表示“坚决要求,坚决主张”,后跟宾语从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”,should可以省略。
The woman insists that her husband is an honest man and can’t do it.
那位女士坚持说她丈夫是个诚实的人,不会做那件事情的。
We insisted that he (should) finish the work himself.
我们坚持让他自己完成这项工作。
1.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.后来,用这种药物在疟疾患者身上做试验,大部分患者都康复了。
【句式剖析】本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。主句是the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句。“不定代词/数词/名词+ of + 关系代词”引导的定语从句在关系分句中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。
She has written many articles,some of which are intended for students poor in English.
她写了许多文章,一些是专为英语差的学生写的。
句式一遍过I
【温馨提示】当先行词指人时,关系代词用whom;先行词指物时,用which。
The newly-built café,the walls of which are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work.新建的咖啡馆,墙粉刷了淡淡的绿色,对我们来说真的是一个安宁的地方,尤其是在劳累的工作后。
The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.这里居住着将近1 000人,他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。
2.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说,“荣誉不只是属于我自己的。”
【句式剖析】在本句中,she said,...是主句, that引导的句子作hearing的宾语。Upon hearing...是“upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语,在句中作时间状语。upon还可换为介词on,表示一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生。这种用法常见于正式文体中,根据语境,可翻译为“当……时;一……就……”。
Upon graduating from college,he first worked as a teacher,and then in a government office.
他一毕业,先当了老师,后来在政府部门工作。
Upon hearing that he had won the lottery,the man laughed heartily.
当知道自己中彩票时,这个男人开怀大笑。
【句式拓展】
有时也可用“upon/on+名词”形式表达相同的意思。
On his return from his vacation,he began writing his first novel.
他休假回来后,就开始写他的第一部小说。
Section B　Learning about Language
知识清单II
conclusion
penicillin
flee
circumstance
novelist
novel
flow
chart
(正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
流程图
努力地　
与……不同
以……而著名
得出结论
带着……目的　
改变某人的主意
关心;在乎　
在……显示出潜力
失去控制
在建设中
1.conclusion n.结论;推论
【教材原句】Did you come to any conclusions 你得出结论了吗
【词汇精讲】conclusion n.结论;推论
Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion is therefore wrong.
你的信息不准确,所以你的结论是错误的。
I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:患难见真情。
词汇一遍过II
【词汇拓展】
We conclude that the two substances have combined to form the new material.
我们得出这样的结论:两种物质化合而形成新的物质。
Can human beings live on the moon It’s too early to draw a conclusion.
人类是否能在月球上生存 现在下结论还为时过早。
2.circumstance n.条件;环境;状况
【教材原句】Her circumstances are beyond our control.她的情况是我们无法控制的。
【词汇精讲】circumstance n.条件;环境;状况,常用复数形式。
Obviously we can’t deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances.
显然,我们只有了解全部情况后才能处理这个问题。
I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.
我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。
【词汇拓展】
Under no circumstances will they give up; they never have and never will.
他们在任何情况下都不会放弃,他们从未放弃过,将来也决不会。
We should stand by our promises under any circumstances.
在任何情况下我们都应该信守诺言。
1.It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.他感到惊讶的是,照片中的其他中国男人显然不在乎同胞们发生了什么。
【句式剖析】it是形式主语,that引导的句子是真正的主语,what引导的句子作介词about的宾语。 It strikes sb that...某人突然想到……,某人感到惊讶的是……
It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.我突然意识到和另一支球队比赛对队里所有的女孩来说都是一个很好的学习机会。
句式一遍过II
【句式拓展】
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
我突然想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
When I got home,it occurred to me that I had left my book in the classroom.
回到家后我发现我把书忘在教室里了。
2.I’d like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems to work best for my cough.我想再试一次那种中草药,它似乎对我的咳嗽最有效。
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。主句是I’d like to try...,which引导的是非限制性定语从句。would like意为“愿意;想要”,后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。
She asked me what I would like to do and mentioned a particular job.
她问我想干什么,然后提到了一份特别的工作。
I would like to thank them for allowing me to develop their original idea.
我想感谢他们允许我深入完善他们最初的想法。
【句式拓展】
feel like意为“想要”,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
I am very thirsty and feel like a drink now.
我很渴,现在想喝点饮料。
I feel like staying at home and watching TV.
我想在家里看电视。
非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对先行词具有限制作用,使该词的含义更具体、更明确,这种从句不能省掉,否则句子的意义就不完整,从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开。
Do you remember the Qing Dynasty vase which I bought last year
你记得我去年买的清代花瓶吗
He took little notice of the honours that were given to him for his research on antique.
他不太重视那些由于他对古董的研究而给予他的荣誉。
语法一遍过
2.非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句跟先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是做一些附加说明,不起限制作用,这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。
John,who sells ancient vases,is an old friend of my father’s.
卖古代花瓶的约翰是我父亲的一位老朋友。
We walked down the village street,which led to the temple.
我们沿着村子的大街走去,大街通向庙宇。
有时这类从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词,而是代表整个主句所讲的内容,通常用逗号与主句分开。
He bought his mother a painting for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.
他买了一幅画作为生日礼物送给母亲,这使她非常高兴。
They are coming back to us,which means that they have got the copper sword.
他们要回到我们这儿来了,这意味着他们得到了铜剑。
3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)形式不同
限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般有逗号隔开。
She heard a terrible noise coming from the ancient tower,which brought her heart into her mouth.
她听到古塔里面传来一个可怕的声音,这把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。
I will never forget the days which we spent together visiting the Summer Palace.
我永远不会忘记我们一起参观颐和园的那些日子。
(2)意义不同
限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切,如果去掉从句,剩余的部分意思往往不完整,甚至失去意义;非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明,如去掉,句子剩余部分意思仍然完整。
We will never forget the happy days when we rebuilt the wooden tower.
我们永远忘不了我们重修木塔的那段快乐日子。
His sister,who works in an antique shop,is coming to see him tomorrow.
他在古董店工作的姐姐明天来看他。
(3)翻译不同
翻译限制性定语从句时,一般先翻译从句,后翻译先行词;翻译非限制性定语从句时,一般先翻译先行词,后翻译从句,形成两个并列分句或其他类型的分句。
I have a son who is now studying in the USA.我有一个现在在美国学习的儿子。(可能还有儿子在别处)
I have a son,who is now studying archaeology in the university.我有一个儿子,他现在在大学学习考古学。(含有“我只有一个儿子”之意)
She is going to spend the holiday in Macao,where she will visit some places of interest.
她要到澳门去度假,在那里她将游览几处名胜。
(4)先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词;非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。
Mike sold the old house which came down from his father.(先行词是 house)
迈克卖掉了从他父亲手里传下来的老房子。
Mike sold the old house,which made his father very angry.(先行词为逗号前的整个句子,即:卖房子这件事)迈克把老房子卖了,这使得他的父亲很生气。
(5)引导词不同
能引导限制性定语从句的引导词一般都能引导非限制性定语从句。但请注意:that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。
【误】They look very happy,that means that they have won the match.
【正】They look very happy,which means that they have won the match.
他们看上去很高兴,这意味着他们赢得了比赛。
(6)省略不同
引导限制性定语从句的引导词,在从句中作宾语时,在口语中常可以省略;引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省略。
Having a black hat on,Chaplin carried a stick,which he used to swing in the air.
卓别林戴着黑帽子,拿着手杖,这手杖常常在空中挥舞。
The stick (which/that)Chaplin used to swing in the air is now kept in the museum.
卓别林常常在空中挥舞的手杖现在保存在博物馆里了。
Section C　Using Language (Ⅰ)
知识清单III
found
infer　
politician
在……方面取得进展
给出……原因
在另一些时候
一会儿
请稍等
就在我嘴边
给……带来快乐
为……做出巨大的贡献
1.found vt.创立;建立;把……建立在
【教材原句】Elon Musk founded high-tech and futuristic companies.埃隆·马斯克创立高科技和未来主义公司。
【词汇精讲】found vt.创立;建立;把……建立在
He founded the Centre for Journalism Studies at University College Cardiff.
他在加的夫大学学院成立了新闻学研究中心。
The village was founded by settlers from the Volga region.
来自伏尔加地区的移民建了这个村庄。
Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is one of the best universities in China.
清华大学建立于1911年,是中国最好的大学之一。
词汇一遍过III
【词汇拓展】
He was one of the founders of the university’s medical faculty.
他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。
2.infer vt.推断;推定
【教材原句】At other times,the reason is given right after the opinion or decision,and the link can be inferred.
在其他时候,原因是在意见或决定之后给出的,并且可以推断出其中的联系。
【词汇精讲】infer vt.推断;推定
I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave.
从她的表情我可以推断出,她想离开。
Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.
大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。
【词汇拓展】
I inferred from what she said that you have not been well.
我从她的话语里推断你身体一直不太好。
Section D　Using Language (Ⅱ)
知识清单IV
numerous
theory
relativity
genius
gentle
patent
passion
extraordinary
gradually
institution
institute　
consequence
draft
peculiarity
encounter
professor
mourn　
remarkable
device　
sum
(开始)掌权;上台
担任;任职　
总结;概括
由于
出于强烈的爱好　
结果
倒立
被误认为是
去世
提出
以……为基础
在……起重要的作用
1.come to/into power(开始)掌权;上台
【教材原句】Circumstances changed in 1933,when Hitler came to power in Germany.Einstein,who was Jewish,found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.1933年,情况发生了变化,希特勒在德国掌权时,身为犹太人的爱因斯坦发现学术机构的大门对他关闭。
【词汇精讲】come to/into power(开始)掌权;上台
After he came into power,the President delivered a wonderful speech.
总统上台之后,发表了一篇精彩的演说。
It is said that the new mayor will come into power next month.
据说,新市长下个月执政。
词汇一遍过IV
【词汇拓展】
2.consequence n.结果;后果
【教材原句】As a consequence,he had to flee Germany.结果,他被迫逃离德国。
【词汇精讲】consequence n.结果;后果
Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation.
许多人认为贫穷是人口过剩的直接后果。
If climate changes continue,we will suffer the consequences.
如果气候变化继续下去,我们将自食其果。
【词汇拓展】
As a consequence,he got the first place in this exam.
结果,他在本次考试中获得了第一名。
As a consequence of his laziness,he was fired.
由于他的懒惰,他被解雇了。
3.take up a position担任;任职
【教材原句】After spending time in Europe,he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,USA.在欧洲待了一段时间后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高级研究所担任研究员。
【词汇精讲】take up a position担任;任职
After graduating,he took up a position in a computer company.
毕业后,他去了一家电脑公司任职。
He left to take up a new position with another company.
他走了,在另一家公司谋得了一个新职位。
【词汇拓展】
take up还有“占用(时间);占据(空间);继续;开始;接受;拿起;从事”等含义。
I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn’t want to take up too much of your time.
我知道您肯定特别忙,我当然不想占用您太多的时间。
He will take up his post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month.
他将在下个月底就任民事法庭庭长一职。
4.encounter vt.偶然碰到;遇到　n.邂逅;遭遇
【教材原句】In fact,Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.事实上,爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人,他们会拦住他,让他帮忙解释事情。
【词汇精讲】encounter vt.偶然碰到;遇到　n.邂逅;遭遇
They encountered serious problems when two members of the expedition were injured.
当探险队的两名队员受伤时,他们遇到了严重的问题。
It was the encounter with Mary that delayed him.
就是由于同玛丽的邂逅而耽搁了他。
5.sum vi.总结;概括　n.金额;款项;总数;总和
【教材原句】Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.用你的笔记写你的介绍,总结你对这个人的看法。
【词汇精讲】sum vi.总结;概括,常和up连用
n.金额;款项;总数;总和
To sum up,for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise.
总之,为了有一个健康的心脏,你必须经常锻炼。
They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
为了纪念他们的儿子,他们向学院赠送了一笔钱。
The city’s problem can be summed up in three words: too many people.
城市的问题可以概括为三个字:人太多。
1.He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.他为世界做出了许多贡献,最著名的是广义相对论和著名的E=mc2公式。
【句式剖析】本句中的the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2是独立主格结构。其基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+动词-ing形式。
The floor being wet and slippery,we had to stay outside for a while.
地板湿滑,我们不得不在外面待一会儿。
So many students being absent,the meeting had to be put off.
那么多学生缺席,会议不得不延期。
句式一遍过IV
【句式拓展】
独立主格还可以用“名词/代词+过去分词/动词不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”表示。
The job not finished,we couldn’t see the film.
工作没有完成,我们不能去看电影。
These are the first two books,the third one to come out next month.
这是前两本书,第三本下个月出版。
Many people joined in the rescue work,some of them women and children.
许多人加入了救援工作,其中一些是妇女和儿童。
2.On 18 April 1955,it was reported that Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.据报道,1955年4月18日,爱因斯坦逝世,全世界哀悼这位杰出科学家的逝世。
【句式剖析】本句是一个并列句。在第一个分句中,it是形式主语,后面的that从句是真正的主语。It was reported that...意为“据报道……”。
It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.
据报告在一两天内气温将急剧下降。
It is reported that the production has been put into use.
据报道,这种产品已投入使用。