人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册 学案Unit1 People of Achievement知识总结学案（有答案）

Unit1 知识总结
一、重点单词
1. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
①至关重要________________
②对……重要________________
③至关重要的是……________________
答案：①be of vital importance② be vital to/for③ It is vital that.
2. committed adj. 小尽心尽力的，坚定的；坚信的→ commit vt. 承诺，保证；犯（错误、罪行），干（坏事）；投入ⅵ. 忠于→ commitment n. 投入，奉献；承诺
①犯罪________________
②把某物投入到某事上________________
③抽出一小时读英语________________
④承诺做某事________________
⑤尽力做某事；承诺做某事________________
答案：① commit a crime ② commit sth. to sth. ③ commit an hour to reading English ④ commit sb. /oneself to doing sth. =make a commitment to doing sth. ⑤ be committed to doing sth.
3. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→ distinction n. [C，U]差别；特性，特质；杰出；殊荣
①很明显……________________
②区分开来；区别对待________________
③没有区别________________
④……和……之间的差别________________
答案：① It is distinct that… ② make a distinction ③ make no distinction ④distinction between…and…
4. obtain ⅵ. （尤指经努力）获得；赢得ⅵ（规章、习俗等）存在；流行
①得到某人许可________________
②获准进入/加入________________
答案：① obtain one’s permission ② get/obtain an admission to
5. acknowledge vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢→acknowledgment n. 承认，答谢
①承认做某事________________
②承认……________________
③承认某人/事为________________
④大家所公认的是________________
答案：① acknowledge doing sth. ② acknowledge that ③acknowledge sb. /sth as…/to be. . . ④ It’s universally acknowledged that…
6. defeat n. 失败；挫败v. 击败；战胜
①认输/接受失败/面临失败________________
②惜败/惨败________________
答案：① admit/accept/face defeat ② a narrow/heavy defeat
7. apparent adj. 显而易见的→ apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
显而易见的是________________
答案：It is apparent that…
8. insist vi. &vt. 坚持；坚决要求
①坚决要求做……________________
②坚决要求某人做……________________
答案：① insist on doing ② insist that sb. （should）+动词原形
9. conclusion n. 结论；推论
①得出结论________________
②匆忙下结论________________
③使……结束________________
④最后________________
⑤以……结束________________
答案： ① come to/draw/reach a conclusion ② jump to conclusions ③ bring… to a conclusion ④ to conclude⑤ conclude with
10. circumstance n. [usually pl. ] 条件；环境；状况
①在任何情况下________________
②如果情况允许________________
③决不（= never）（放句首时主句用倒装语序）________________
答案： ① in/under any circumstances ② if circumstances allow/permit ③ in/under no circumstances
11. genius n. 天才；天资；天赋
①（做）某事的天才________________
② 有（做）某事的才能________________
答案：① a genius at (doing) sth. ② have a genius for (doing) sth.
12. passion n. 酷爱；激情
①充满激情地________________
②充满激情________________
③唤起某人的激情________________
④酷爱________________
答案：① with passion ② be filled with passion ③ arouse one’s passion④ have a passion for
13. consequence n. 结果；后果→ consequent adj. 碱随之发生的→ consequently adv. 结果，因此
①结果，因此________________
②作为……的结果________________
③承担/遭受/面临（某事的）后果________________
④不重要的，无足轻重的________________
答案：① as a consequence(= in consequence= as a result)② as a consequence of (in consequence of=as a result of)③ take/suffer/face the consequences(of sth. )④ of little/no consequence
14. encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到n. 邂逅；遭遇
同义短语：偶然遇到；偶然发现________________
答案：come across/run across
15. sum vi. 总结；概括n. 金额；款项；总数；总和
①概括起来说________________
②许多，大量________________
③一大笔钱________________
④作总结；概括地说________________
答案：① to sum up ② a sum of ③ a large sum of money ④ sum up
三、重点句式
1. on/upon+n. /v. -ing是介词短语，表示“一…就…作时间状语
教材原句
①获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我…”
________________________that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said,“The honour is not just mine. . . ”
句式仿写
②一旦看到它，你就永远不会忘记它。
_____________________________________________________________________
总结“一…就…”的其他表达法：
③一……就……（引导时间状语从句）______________________
④_______________________________（注意：当 hardly，scarcely，no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构，从句不用倒装。）
⑤看见/听见……_______________________________
⑥名词用作连词，后跟句子_______________________________
⑦副词用作连词，后跟句子_______________________________
答案：① Upon hearing② On/Upon seeing it，you will never forget it. ③ as soon as④ hardly/scarcely…when… /no sooner than…⑤ at the sight/sound of…⑥ the moment/minute/instant/second ⑦ immediately/instantly/directly
2. It is an honour for sb/sth. to do sth. 对某人/某物来说做某事是个荣耀。
教材原句
①中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播，确实是一个荣誉。
______________________indeed an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine around the world.
句式仿写
②我很荣幸能站在这里演讲。
__________________________________________________________________
答案：① is; to be spread ② It’s a great honour for me to stand here and give my speech.
3. It strikes sb. that…某人突然想到……
①“某人（突然）想到…”的其他表达方式：
__________________________________________________________________
句式仿写
②我突然想到我们应该制订一个新计划。
__________________________________________________________________
③ Now it occurred ________him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
答案：① sth. occurs to sb /sth. hits sb /sth. strikes sb. /It occurs to sb. that. /It hits sb that② It occurred to me that we ought to make a new plan. ③to
4. as though/if从句（虚拟语气）
教材原句
①他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end _____________he had just received an electric shock.
注意：as if/though从句用虚拟语气
从句用一般过去时（与现在的事实相反）
从句用过去完成时（与过去的事实相反）
从句用 would/could/might do形式（与将来的事实相反）
句式仿写
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me_______________（好像是我干的）？
③ He treats his elder sister____________________________（好像她是个陌生人）.
答案：① as though② as if I had done it③ as though she were a stranger
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