Unit1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 语法-精讲破
非限制性定语从句
一、基本概念
I will visit my aunt,who is leaving for London next month.我要去看望我姑姑,她下个月要去伦敦。
非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样 ① 。非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用 ② 分开,常与主句分开翻译。非限制性定语从句放在句子中间时,其 ③ 都需要用逗号隔开。
二、关系代词与关系副词
1. She has two sons both of whom are committed to physical research.√
2. Peter,whose mother is in hospital,will take a few days off to look after her.√
3. The American boy,who is my classmate,takes a keen interest in Chinese.√
4. The American boy,that is my classmate,takes a keen interest in Chinese.×
和限制性定语从句相同,当先行词是人,关系词在定语从句中作 ④ 时,用关系代词who,定语从句中谓语的单复数要和 ⑤ 保持一致;当关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom(非正式文体且关系词前无介词时,也可用who);当关系词在定语从句中作定语时,用 ⑥ 。与限制性定语从句不同,非限制性定语从句不能用 ⑦ 引导。
1. Teaching is an amazing job,where you are doing something serious but interesting.√
2. He is considering quitting his job,which requires frequent business trips.√
3.Her children attend the day-care center,whose owner is from Beijing.√
4. Our school is planning to hold a Chinese Ancient Culture week event next month when different kinds of amazing activities will be organized.√
5. It was the fourth time that he had got first prize,which surprised all of us.√
6. As we expected,he lost the game. √
在非限制性定语从句中,当先行词是物,关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,用关系代词 ⑧ ,不能用that;当关系词在定语从句中作定语时,用关系代词 ⑨ 。如果定语从句中缺少地点状语,要由关系副词 ⑩ 引导,where前面的先行词既可以是实际地点名词,也可以是 ,如job、event、activity等;when在非限制性定语从句中作
which和as引导非限制性定语从句时,有时可以指代整个 ;as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于 、句中和句末,意为“正如……”。
三、介词(短语)+关系代词
1. Failure is the fog,through which we glimpse(瞥见)success.
2. What a pity!I missed the concert,at which Jay Chou performed songs.
3. In 2001,Tony and his wife left London,to which they never returned.
4. From 1997,J.K.Rowling created the Harry Potter fantasy series,for which she became internationally famous.
5. Millions of species die yearly,most of which are unknown to us.
依据介词本身的词义和意群关系,关系代词前面的介词主要可从5个方面系统掌握。
1把握介词本身的 ,如 through;
2把握介词与 的搭配,如 at the concert;
3把握介词与 的搭配,如 return to;
4把握介词与 的搭配,如 be famous for;
5把握“部分+ +整体”结构及其他可用于非限制性定语从句中的含有介词的短语,如 most of. none of…some of.等。
链接高考
用关系代词、关系副词填空
1.(2019课标全国I,阅读理解D,★★)During the rosy years of elementary school(小学),I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, allowed me to keep my high social status.
2.(2019浙江,完形填空,★) you can imagine,the trip is no piece of cake.
3.(2019北京,阅读理解D改编,★★)Phytoplankton(浮游生物)live at the ocean surface, they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen.
(2017江苏,28,★★★)In1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
(2017江苏,阅读理解D,★★)Without the glaciers,water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops Narwhal's inspiration came from seeing the waste .of water over winter, it was not needed.
用适当的介词填空
6.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解A,★★)Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, which the birth of America is presented as an Immigrant story.
7.(2018课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C改编,★★)ASia and the Pacific has perhaps
3.200 languages, which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.单句改错
8.(2019天津,完形填空,★★)After sharing the story online i heard from someone,he identified the lady as Erin Smith.
(2019江苏,阅读理解B,★★★)Most of us,when we talk about volcanoes think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro,which is created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up.
(2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C,★★)Bechtel. Who works in downtown West Palm Beach,having lunch with coworkers sometimes.
(2018课标全国I,完形填空,★★★★)He was an international grand master,who meant i would be learning from one of the games best.
答案:
①紧密 ②逗号 ③前后 ④主语 ⑤先行词 ⑥ whose ⑦that ⑧ which ⑨whose
⑩Where 抽象地点名词 时间状语 主句 句首 词义 名词 动词 形容词 of
1. which句意:在美好的小学时光里,我喜欢分享我的玩偶和笑话,这使得我保持了很高的社交地位。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,故填which。
2. As句意:正如你可以想象的那样,这次旅行不是简单事。设空处意为“正如”,应用as引导非限制性定语从句。
3. where句意:浮游生物生活在海洋表面,在那里,它们把二氧化碳吸收到海洋里,同时释放氧气。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为 the ocean surface,关系词在从句中作状语,故填 where。
4. whose句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,它的目标之一是缓解全球范围内的饥饿whose意为“……的”,引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语。
5. when 句意:没有了冰川,水有时就会流进河里,在那时它会破坏庄稼。Norphel的灵感来自看到冬季期间水的浪费,在那时水是不被需要的。winter为先行词,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故填when。
6. in 句意:Lin-Manuel Miranda写了这部关于亚历山大·汉密尔顿的音乐剧,在这部剧中,美国的诞生以一个移民故事被呈现。which指代 this musical,所以前面用in表示“在这部音乐剧中”
7. of 句意:亚太地区可能有3,200种语言,其中巴布亚新几内亚一个国家就有远远超过800种语言。which指代先行词3,2001 languages,800与其是部分与整体的关系,所以用of.
8. he改为who 句意:在网上分享了这个故事之后,我收到一个人的消息,他认出这位女士是艾琳·史密斯。第二个逗号前后为两个句子,但是没有连词,不能使用人称代词,someone可看作先行词,第二个逗号后可看作一个定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故将he改为who.
9. is改为are 句意:我们大多数人说到火山的时候,想到的是富土山或乞力马扎罗山那样经典的圆锥体形状,这些圆锥体形状是岩浆喷发时堆积而成的。which指代先行词 cone shapes,从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致,所以用复数形式。10 having改为 has who引导的非限制性定语从句在主句主语之后,将主句的主语 Bechtel和谓语部分隔开,所以此处不能使用非谓语动词,依据定语从句的谓语动词 works可知此处应用一般现在时,Bechtel是第三人称单数,所以用ha。
11. who改为 which句意:他是一个国际象棋大师,这意味着我将向这个行业中的最高水平之一的人学习。由定语从句的谓语 meant“意味着”和句子的整体意思可以判断定语从句的关系词应该用 which,指代前面一句话。