人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册 学案Unit1 People of Achievement 易混易错点辨析（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit1 易混易错点辨析
●award; reward; prize
【教材原句】
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. (教材P2)
In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. (教材P8)
【辨析】
三者都有“奖赏”之意，但意思各有侧重，用法也有一定区别。
award 作名词意思是“奖，奖品，奖状，奖金”，指因在比赛或某方面的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或荣誉；作动词意思是“颁奖给…，授予，授奖，给….颁奖”，可以接双宾语，构成award sb. sth. (= award sth. to sb.) 结构。
reward 作名词意思是“奖赏，酬金，酬劳，酬谢”，既可以指工作中或某方面的贡献而得到的回报，也可指因给警方提供帮助或帮助他人找回丢失的人或物而得到的奖赏，酬金，酬劳，不能接双宾语，长构成reward sb. with sth.结构。
prize 常作名词，意思是“奖赏，奖品，奖”，常指因在某方面做出巨大贡献或在竞赛、比赛中胜出而获奖，如：the Nobel Prize for Physics/Medicine/Peace 弄贝尔物理学奖/医学奖/和平奖。
温馨提示：影视作品获奖一般用award表示。
【例句呈现】
The movie won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
The smart money is on him for the best actor award.
内行认为他将获最佳演员奖。
Damages may be awarded for emotional injury.
可能会判处精神伤害赔偿。
He has been awarded a research grant.
他得到一笔研究经费。
There is a reward for information leading to the recovery of the missing diamonds.
凡能为找回丢失的钻石提供线索者可获奖赏。
She was richly rewarded for all her hard work.
她一向勤劳苦干，得到了丰厚的回报。
They are now reaping the rewards of all their hard work.
现在，他们的全部辛劳都得到了回报。
She was rewarded for her 40 years' faithful service with the company.
她为公司忠诚服务了40年，因而获得奖赏。
There will be a prize for the most innovative design.
将设立一项最具创意设计奖。
She won first prize in the competition.
她在竞赛中获得头奖。
The star prize is a weekend for two in Paris.
特等奖是二人巴黎周末游。
She was awarded the Nobel Peace prize.
她获颁诺贝尔和平奖。
He won first prize in the woodwind section.
他获得木管乐器组一等奖。
【考点过关】
用award, reward和prize的适当形式填空
1. He won the _______ of 1000 dollars in the football match last week.
2. The lady gave him a _______ for his helping her.
3. She won the first ______ at the speech contest.
4. A $100 ________ has been offered for the return of the backpack.
5. He won the Housing Design ________ for the year 2011.
6. The award of the Nobel ________ has crowned a glorious career in physics.
7. The police will ________ whoever provides useful information to catch the robber.
8. His efforts ________ with good fruits at last.
9. They ________ John the first prize last month.
10. The police are offering a big _______ for information about the robbery.
【参考答案】
1. award/prize; 2. reward; 3. prize; 4. reward; 5. Award; 6. Prize; 7. reward; 8. were rewarded; 9. awarded; 10. reward
●die from; die of
【教材原句】
Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die form it. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都是“死于…., 因….而死”的意思，当宾语是具体的病名或illness/sickness/disease时，可以换用，但在其它意义上有一定的区别。
die from强调因受伤、劳累、身体虚弱、不良生活习惯、自然灾害和意外事故等造成的死亡, 外因居多。
die of 强调因疾病、饥渴，寒冷，年老和各种情感因素造成的死亡，内因居多。
【例句呈现】
400 people a year die of/from this disease on average.
平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
Millions could die of hunger as an indirect result of the war
作为战争的间接后果，数百万人可能会死于饥饿。
Only one in 10 people who are over 80 will die of/from cancer.
现在80岁年龄层中只有10%的人死于癌症。
He said six million children die of hunger every year.
他说，每年大约600万儿童死于饥饿。
In Britain today, one in three men will die of/from heart disease.
在如今的英国三分之一的人死于心脏
Fine, die of thirst that'll really show me.
好，渴死的时候再来向我要.
They also were twenty-three percent more likely to die of/from cancer.
她们患癌症的死亡率也要高23%。
Many people die of starvation during famines every year.
每年发生饥荒时都有许多人饿死。
People do not die of colds.
哪有伤风感冒就会送命的。
Freda Bright says, "Only in opera do people die of love."
弗雷德·布莱特说过，“只有在歌剧中，人们才会为爱而死。”
It's reported that thousands of people die from illegal driving each year.
据报道,每年有数千人死于非法驾驶。
I think we'd die from hypothermia or exposure to the elements first.
我认为我们会首先死于体温过低或曝晒。
He says there is a real danger that more people could die from the economic impact of COVID-19 than from the virus itself.
他表示，会有更多的人死于新冠病毒疫情造成的经济危机，甚于疫情本身，这是一种现实危险。
The CDC estimates that about one in five people who die from drowning are under age 14.
美国国家疾病防疫中心声称，死于溺水的人有五分之一是14岁以下的儿童。
One third of the world's cigarettes are smoked in China, where over one million people die from smoking every year.
中国占据全球香烟的三分之一，每年因吸烟死亡的人数超过了100万人。
【考点过关】
用die from, die of的适当形式填空
1. The old man _______ lung cancer last year.
2. The couple and their son _______ AIDS yesterday.
3. The problem is that 10, 000 people _______ diseases every week caused by smoking.
4. Around fifty people _______ hunger every day in the big city.
5. Her father and her brothers would _______ shame
6. Some children in the countryside in India _______ cold and starvation.
7. Every year there are some young people _______ disappointed love in the country.
8. The woman _______ laughter and excitement several months.
9. Alice _______ sorrow and boredom last week.
10. Tom’s grandfather ________ smoking last night.
11. The brave soldier _______ a chest wound.
12. Many people ________ drinking too much wine every year.
13. The peasant _______ overwork in the factory the day before yesterday.
14. Those old men in the village _______ weakness.
15. Nowadays more and more young people ______ heart illness.
16. The boy ______ a car accident three days ago.
【参考答案】
1. died of/from; 2. died of/from; 3. die of/from; 4. die of; 5. die of; 6. die of; 7. dying of; 8. died of; 9. died of; 10. died from; 11. died from; 12. die from; 13. died from; 14. died from; 15. die from; 16. died from
●try to do sth. ; manage to do sth.
【教材原句】
When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam. (教材P8)
After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. (教材P8)
【辨析】
两个词组都可表示“设法做”之意，均可接动词不定式作宾语。但表示的含义有区别。
manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”，强调所做事情的结果，相当于succeed in doing sth. 或be successful in doing sth.
try to do sth. “努力/试图/设法做某事”，但未必一定会能成功，只强调努力的过程，对其结果无限制, 所做之事不一定有困难, 相当于try/do one’s best to do sth.
【例句呈现】
I am trying to finish my homework.
我正努力完成我的家庭作业。
I try not to convince myself that she doesn't love me anymore.
我尽量不让自己相信她不再爱我了。
He didn’t try to do it.
他不肯努力去干
please try to finish this work in thirty minutes.
请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。
I managed to get in contact with the lady, who’s in charge of this project in the company.
我成功地同那家公司负责这个项目的女士取得了联系。
He managed to save her in time.
他设法及时挽救了她.
He tried to open the box with a knife.
他试图用刀子打开箱子。
Time given to us defines how long we will stay with our families, how many good things we will manage to do, and how much interesting things we will see and learn.
时间决定了我们能与家人厮守多久，我们能完成多少美妙的事情，以及我们能看到听到多少有趣的事情。
It should be possible for most people to manage to do it.
大多数人应该都能做到。
【考点过关】
用 manage, try适当形式填空
1. He ______ to climb the tree, but he could not.
2. If you don't ______ to do everything, it doesn't matter. Move any incomplete tasks from today onto tomorrow's list.
3. I see what you mean, but if you _______to do it, you won’t regret.
4. Fantastic! Ho does Beijing Municipal Government ______ to do it
5. How did you _______to do it without help
6. How on earth did they _______ to do that
7. If you can ________ to do all three, you'll raise your intelligence by leaps and bounds.
8. How do you ________ to do such a thing
9. I feel the same way. But if we insist on speaking, we can _______ to do it.
10. Although you may fail, when you start to race for a new team, you ______to be successful as soon as possible.
【参考答案】
1. tried; 2. manage; 3. try; 4. manage; 5. manage; 6. manage; 7. manage; 8. manage; 9. manage; 10. try
●receive; accept
【教材原句】
He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. (教材P8)
【辨析】
两者都有“接受”的意思，，但用法有一定的区别。
receive 意思是“收到，接到”，表示客观事实，东西或物品等已经到手。
accept意思是“接受，领受”， 表示当事人主观的态度和意愿，强调主观性。
【例句呈现】
We cannot accept children above the age of 10.
我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。
She's decided not to accept the job.
她决定不接受这项工作。
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
You must learn to accept defeat with good grace.
你必须学会欣然承认失败。
Pride would not allow him to accept the money.
自尊心不容他接受这笔钱。
We are not prepared to accept these conditions.
我们无意接受这些条件。
We can receive up to 500 cable channels.
我们可以接收多达500个有线电视频道。
I haven't received a letter from him yet.
我还没有收到他的信呢。
He received a large reward, which was no more than his due.
他得到重赏，这也是他应该得到的。
When her husband died, she received 50 000 in insurance.
她丈夫去世，她得到了一笔5万英镑的保险金。
She received a summons to appear in court the following week.
她收到一张传票，让她下周出庭。
【考点过关】
用accept, receive的适当形式填空
1. It's possible that he ________ the letter already.
2. It is generally ________ that people are motivated by success.
3. He ________ 600 by way of compensation from the company yesterday.
4. You will ________ notification of our decision in the next week.
5. It may take years to be completely _______ by the local community.
6. He _______ the award in recognition of his success in the past.
7. She ________ to study music in the college last week.
8. They _______ the risks as part of the job.
9. You should ________ a reply within seven days.
10. I’ll regret to tell you that he didn't _______ the job.
【参考答案】
1. has received; 2. accepted; 3. received; 4. receive; 5. accepted; 6. received; 7. was accepted; 8. accept; 9. receive; 10. accept ( http: / / dict. / example / blng / eng / cause / " \o "点击发音 )
●if so; if any; if ever; if ever
【教材原句】
Did this unit cause you to change your thoughts about greatness If so, how (教材P10)
【辨析】
四者都是表示假设的省略句式，是英语中常见的一种句型
if so 表示“如果那样的话”，是对前面所述内容进行的肯定假设。
if ever 表示“如果曾经做过….即使曾经做过….”，是对做过事情的省略叙述。一般是现在完成时的省略。
if any 表示“如果有的话或即使有的话”，用来加强语气。
if not 表示“如果不那样的话”，是对前面所述内容的一种否定假设。
【例句呈现】
There won't be much difficulty, if any.
就算有困难，也不会太大。
The object of these experiments was to find the connection, if any, between the two phenomena.
这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
It is too early to say what effect, if any, there will be on the workforce.
如果会对劳动力产生一些影响，现在就说是什么影响还言之过早。
Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少？
If so, you're not alone-I'm the same way.
如果这样，你也不是一个人在这么做，我也是这样的。
If so, he may not be the ideal match for you.
如果他是这样的人，那么他可能不是你的真命天子。
But if so, where did the river get rerouted
但是，如果真是这样，那河流被改道到哪里去了呢？
Do you have a knack for coming up with ideas If so, we would love to hear from you.
你有什么能想出好点子的诀窍吗？如果有，我们很愿意收到你的来信。
Rarely, if ever, does he sidestep a question
他极少逃避问题。
She seldom, if ever, goes to the opera.
她很少去看歌剧。
And that rarely, if ever, caused anything like the Scientific Revolution.
而这些事件的结果却很难，或根本不能，与科学革命同日而语
But I say the threat is now, and there are rarely, if ever, perfect circumstances in which to deploy military forces.
但是我想说，威胁就在眼前，但出动军事力量这种事几乎不存在什么完美的前提。
Many, if not most, scientific papers are presented orally at scientific meetings
许多科学论文，即便不是大多数，都是以口头形式在科学会议上发表的。
Are you pressed for time, Mr. Bayliss If not, I suggest we have lunch.
你时间紧吗，贝利斯先生？如果不紧，不如我们一起吃午饭吧。
【考点过关】
用if so, if any, if ever和if not填空
1. Mary is too only ready to help others, seldom, ______, refusing them when they turn to her.
2. What kind of advertisements do you read or watch in this kind of magazines, _______？
3. I might be away next week. _______, I won’t be able to see you.
4. Have you ever read this chapter ______, we encourage you to read this chapter carefully.
5. Are there any mistake in my article ______, Correct mistakes, please．
6. -- Have you ever been to the Great Wall
-- Perhaps not in my memory. ______, it might have been during my early childhood.
7. The weather forecast says there will be heavy rain tomorrow. ______, we’ll stay at home.
8. There are few, ______, mistakes in the book.
9. His children rarely, ______, see him at his place of work.
10. If it clears up this afternoon, we’ll go camping; ______, we will have classes.
11. She seldom, ______, goes to the cinema.
12. If the food tastes good, we’ll buy some; ______, not.
13. The island is seldom, ______, visited by ships.
【参考答案】
1. if ever; 2. if any; 3. If so; 4. If not; 5. if any; 6. If ever; 7. If so; 8. if any; 9. if ever; 10. if not; 11. if ever; 12. if not; 13. if ever
●apart from; except; except for; except that; besides
【教材原句】
Apart from his remarkable achievements, what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life (教材P9)
【辨析】
这六个词都有“除了….”的意思，它们的意思和用法既有交集又有区别。
apart from 在肯定句中表示“整体中除了具有相同特点的人或物外，还有别的人或物”，即包括在内，相当于besides; 在否定句中，表示从整体中除去具有不同特点的人或物，即排除在外，此时相当于but的用法, 有时也可与except换用。apart from后面出现动词时，要用动名词。
except 表示“排除同类事物（将整体去除一部分）”，即排除在外。后接名词、介词短语或动词原形。
but 与except意思相同，但but多与no, none, nothing, nobody, all, any, everyone, everything等不定代词连用。常出现在nothing but….; anything but…..; no….but…；all but….; 等否定结构中, 而且who but….也是常见结构。
except for 常用于对整体进行肯定，对局部进行否定， 即先肯定，然后再指出个别不足之处。
except that 与except for意思相同，但后面必须接从句，有时可根据主句和从句的关系，使用wh-从句。
besides 表示“除了…之外还….”，包括其后排除的事物；另外还可用作副词， 表示“而且”。
【例句呈现】
Quite apart from/besides all the work, he had financial problems.
除了那么多工作，他还有财务困难。
Apart from keeping a brief interlude of peace, the war lasted nine years.
除了一段短暂的和平，那场战争持续了九年。
What other sports do you like apart from/besides football
除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
Nothing else matters to him apart from/but his job.
对他来说，除了工作以外，什么事都无关紧要。
I like all sports apart from/but football.
除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。
I've finished the crossword apart from/except 3 across and 10 down.
这份纵横字谜除横3竖10以外我都填完了。
Apart from/But my host, I didn't know a single person there
除了主人外，那里的人我一个也不认识。
The room was empty apart from one man seated beside the fire
除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。
We don't do much in the evenings except watch television.
我们在晚上除了看电视不怎么干别的事。
We work every day except/but Sunday.
我们除星期天外每天都工作。
They live in a remote area, inaccessible except by car.
他们住在一处偏远地区，只能开车去
Prisoners were allowed no personal possessions except letters and photographs.
囚犯除信件和照片外不允许有任何私人物品。
They all came except/but Matt.
除马特外他们都来了。
Everyone seems busy except/but us
除了我们，大家好像都很忙碌。
I had no choice but to sign the contract.
我别无选择，只好签了合同。
We've had nothing but trouble with this car.
我们这辆车净出毛病。
The problem is anything but easy.
这个问题一点也不简单。
Except for her illnesses, she had had a particularly happy childhood
除了体弱多病外，她的童年特别幸福。
Except for a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written.
除了几处语法错误之外，你这篇作文写得不错。
He's a good man, except for his short temper.
他是个好人，除了气粗些。
I know nothing about him except that he knocked about South Africa for a while.
我除了知道他在南非流浪过一段时间外对他一无所知。
I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money.
我什么都没告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
These two pens are alike except that they're different colors.
这两支笔样儿差不多，色儿不一样。
The log cabin stayed empty, except when we came.
除非我们到来，要不然那间小木屋一直都是空的。
I received nothing except what was due to me.
除了我应得的东西，我并未接受任何东西。
I understand everything except why he stole the money.
我什么都明白，只是不理解他为什么要偷那笔钱。
The snow, except where it drifted, was only calf-deep.
除了吹得堆积起来的地方，雪只有小腿肚深。
There are other visitors besides me.
参观人除我之外，还有另外的人。
Besides this, they also faced many difficulties.
除此之外,他们还面临了许多困难。
Besides all this, he had a number of little visits to pay, in the course of the day;
除此之外，在白天当中，他还需要去看望好些地方。
【考点过关】
用apart from, but, besides, except, except for, except that和besides填空
1. Many of the bodies were unidentifiable _______ by dental records.
2. They didn't have to do anything _______ sit back and enjoy life
3. Arrange all the vegetables ______ the potatoes in layers.
4. Who ______ Rosa could think of something like that
5. Europe will be represented in all _______ two of the seven races.
6. Your composition is good ______ some spelling mistakes.
7. The quality of this cloth is fine, ______ the color is not quite right.
8. This is a good novel, _______ the long and tedious ending.
9. Mr. Smith usually goes to work by bus _______ it rains.
10. I know nothing about the accident ______ I have read in the newspaper.
11. He told his parents everything _______ he needed so much money.
12. The old lady never spoke to anyone ______ someone came to visit her.
13. ______ chocolate and fruit juice, we also need bread and eggs.
14. Who ______ George would do such a thing
15. You can get the book anywhere ______ here.
16. ______ this dress, I also bought a hat and a pair of shoes。
17. ______ London, I’ve been to Manchester, Newcastle and Glasgow, too.
18. There is no one ______ me.
【参考答案】
1. except; 2. except; 3. except/but; 4. but; 5. except/but; 6. except for; 7. except that; 8. except for; 9. except when; 10. except what; 11. except why; 12. except when; 13. Besides; 14. but; 15. but; 16. Besides; 17. Besides; 18. but
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