人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Looking into the Future单元测试（含解析）

Unit2 单元测试
一、阅读理解
第一节
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
There is an old joke among pilots that says the ideal flight crew is a computer, a pilot and a dog. The computer’s job is to fly the plane. The pilot is there to feed the dog. And the dog’s job is to bite the pilot if he tries to touch the computer.
Handing complex tasks to computers is not new. But recent progress in machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI), has enabled computers to handle many problems which were previously beyond them. The result has been an AI boom, with computers moving into everything from medical diagnosis and insurance to self-driving cars.
There is a problem, though. Machine learning works by giving computers the ability to train themselves, which adapts their programming to the task at hand. People struggle to understand exactly how those self-written programs do what they do. When algorithms(计算机程序）are doing small tasks, such as playing chess or recommending a film to watch, this “black box” problem can be safely ignored. When they are deciding who gets a loan, or how to drive a car through a crowded city, it is potentially harmful. And when things go wrong, then customers, regulators and the courts will want to know why.
For some people this is a reason to hold back AI. France’s digital-economy minister, Mounir Mahjoubi, has said that the government should not use any algorithm whose decisions cannot be explained. But that is an overreaction. The difficulties caused by clever computers are not unheard-of. Society already has plenty of experience dealing with problematic black boxes; the most common are called human beings, who can’t even figure out what’s going on in a brain. In response to the weakness in humans, society has evolved a series of workable coping mechanisms, called laws, rules and regulations. Many of these can be applied to machines as well.
Humans have worked with computers on complex tasks for decades. One lesson from such applications is that, wherever possible, people should supervise (监督）the machines. In that joke, pilots are vital in case something happens that is beyond the scope of artificial intelligence. As computers spread, companies and governments should ensure the first line of defence is a real person who can overrule the algorithms if necessary.
1. Why is the joke mentioned in Paragraph 1
A. To make people laugh.
B. To foresee future aeroplane industry.
C. To introduce the latest model of aeroplanes.
D. To raise people’s awareness of computers performing complex tasks.
2. What has caused the increasing application of computers in various fields
A. The shortage of labour force.
B. The rise of artificial intelligence.
C. The encouragement of government.
D. The development of medical economy.
3. Why are some people opposed to AI
A. Black boxes always go wrong.
B. Laws forbid machine learning.
C. They don’t understand how AI works.
D. Computers are trying to replace human beings.
B
Many automobile makers present their newest designs at car shows around the world. Many designers seek to create the car of the future. One device that is popular among car manufacturers (生产商） is an autopilot. An autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control.
A recent car show in Geneva, Switzerland also presented other possible designs, including cars manufactured on 3D printers.
Rinspeed is a Swiss design company. It showed a vehicle based on the US electric car Tesla Model S, but the Rinspeed car includes a large television and an espresso coffee maker.
Frank Rinderknecht is the CEO of Rinspeed. He says he does not want to just sit and watch the steering wheel (方向盘) turn as he rides in a car with an autopilot.
“I want to ride; I want to sleep, relax, watch movies, news, and anything else. So that’s the vision which we have. One day on the boring motorway traffic, you just do anything that makes your life better,” said Rinderknecht.
One of the most interesting ideas presented at the show is a car built on a 3D printer. The German engineering firm ED AG designed the car. The body of the vehicle called “Genesis” is printed in one piece from a material called thermoplastic(热塑性塑料）.
Christoph Horvath is a spokesman for EDAG. “To create a car without the use of any tool, this would be a real revolution for the industry, ” said Horvath.
EDAG said it based its design on a turtle shell. The company said the design provided the right amount of strength and firmness.
Other automakers did not look so far into the future. Czech automaker Skoda presented its “Vision C” model vehicle. The car has an environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
Jo Davidson is a company spokeswoman. She said the car released very low levels of the pollutant gas CO2. Ms Davidson said the “Vision C” planned to be launched in two years.
4. Why is an autopilot popular among car manufacturers
A. Because it can get a car to drive itself.
B. Because it can make a car more modem.
C. Because it may let a car fly in the sky freely.
D. Because it has a car moving in a particular direction.
5. What is the common feature of the cars
A. They are all made from thermoplastic.
B. They all belong to the cars of the future.
C. All the designs are based on a turtle shell.
D. They have environmentally friendly natural gas engines.
6. Where can we most probably read this text
A. In an economic report.
B. In a short story.
C. In a travel magazine.
D. In a technology report.
7. What do we know about the vehicle called “Genesis”？
A. It is designed by the American engineering firm.
B. The body of the vehicle is built on a 3D printer.
C. Frank Rinderknecht is the designer of the car.
D. The car is mainly made from the turtle shell.
C
In the future, the Internet will be different from what it is now. There will be many more websites. It is predicted that in the year 2100, there will be hundreds of billions of websites. This means that the use of search engines will become much more important. And there will also be many more sites in different languages. This means that on every proper website, there will be links with the language you want.
Another prediction on the Internet is that data transmission (传输)speed will increase globally. According to Akamai Technologies, the average global data transmission speed in late 2019 was 26. 7 megabits per pare that to the record for data transmission speed set by Bell Labs： 100 billion megabits per second. At that speed, you could transmit 400 DVDs worth of data every second. That’s an enormous gap between what’s currently possible and what’s commercially available. But as time passes, the costs of producing super-high-speed networks will decrease.
In the future, people will live under the sea and the housing shortage will be solved. There will be lots of glass domes (穹状建筑物）under the sea, which allow people to look all around into the sea. Air will be provided via air pipes which lead to the open air. You can travel from one dome to another via a kind of submarine which will also be made of glass. The domes will be so beautiful and the view under the sea will be so impressive that many people will prefer to live under water, and less people will prefer to live on land. This will have a positive effect on the environment on land.
In the future we won’t use oil or gas as energy any more. We will make use of sunlight, water and wind. Cars will run on water. Just fill your tank with water, and you can drive further than you could drive with the same amount of gasoline. Also, the exhaust won’t be damaging to the environment, because it’ll just be water vapour.
So the water cycle won’t change, we’ll keep the same amount of water on the earth, and we won’t run out of water. Also, all energy will be supplied by natural sources: sunlight, wind and water.
8. What can we know about the Internet in the future from the first two paragraphs
A. It will be more important to use search engines.
B. Most of the websites will be designed in English.
C. People not knowing a foreign language will find it hard to surf the Internet.
D. There will be great gaps between developed countries and developing countries in Internet usage.
9. Why are super-high-speed networks not available to the public at present
A. Because the costs are too high.
B. Because there are technical difficulties.
C. Because Bell Labs doesn’t want to sell its technique.
D. Because governments haven’t recognised their value.
10. The underlined word “exhaust” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to “__________”.
A. oil product
B. waste air
C. solar energy
D. wind energy
11. What can we infer from the text
A. The Internet is the most advanced invention in history.
B. Water will run out sooner than we have expected.
C. Houses under the sea will be made from metal.
D. Sunlight, wind and water will benefit people more in the future.
D
Dogs are our best friends. That’s especially true after a disaster, such as an earthquake. When buildings fall down, search-and-rescue dogs help find trapped people. Dogs’ amazing noses can pick up the smell of survivors. Now scientists have developed an electronic tool that does the same thing. It’s taking smell detection (探测）to a whole new level.
The new invention is a sort of electronic nose, which can detect extremely low levels of many compounds (化合物）from people’s skin. This isn’t the first time engineers have developed such an object. Earlier models, however, have been bulky and expensive. They could not detect low levels of target compounds either. The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.
The electronic nose can detect extremely slight smell of more than one compound at the same time. “Being able to do this, in such a small object, is the significant discovery”, says Sotiris E. Pratsinis, Professor of Process Engineering & Materials Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His team tested it in special spaces. They were like the small spaces where people might be trapped. Chemicals given off by the volunteers built up inside. The electronic equipment detected those compounds at unbelievably low levels.
The results were good news for the research team. But they may be not for our four-legged friends, who could soon be out of a job. “Ideally, this technology could replace search-and-rescue dogs ” Pratsinis says.
Stephen Taylor, an electrical engineer, agrees that the new technology has some benefits over dogs. Still, he thinks it may be too soon to have our trusty friends retire. He suspects, “I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs. ” Taylor also pointed out some potential limitations of the new invention. “E-noses are useful, but can be very likely to be affected by unstable readings and interruption,” he says.
12. Why does the author talk about dogs at the beginning
A. To catch the readers’ attention.
B. To introduce the topic about e-noses.
C. To show what search-and-rescue dogs do.
D. To add background information for discussion.
13. Which of the following best explains “bulky” underlined in Paragraph 2
A. Complex.
B. Fragile.
C. Handy.
D. Large.
14. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. What e-noses’ working principle is.
B. How e-noses are made.
C. What differences between dogs and e-noses are.
D. How powerful e-noses are.
15. What does Stephen Taylor mean
A. Dogs and e-noses could work together.
B. Search-and-rescue dogs will retire soon.
C. E-noses are more reliable than noses of dogs.
D. Dogs are better at finding out trapped people.
第二节
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I don’t believe artificial intelligence (AI) could replace my teaching career. I have always been interested in human connections, and the ways in which I can use these connections to inspire change and make a difference. 16. _____________, there are other ways where AI could make a more efficient difference than I could on my own.
My teaching experiences over the past several years have been creative and inspiring. I believe that the job of educators extends beyond simply teaching students the curriculum. 17. _____________; they must constantly reflect on ways to better their teaching, and they must inspire their students to be the best versions of themselves. And now with the help of AI, they could achieve these goals much easier.
18. _____________. First, AI can be used to promote fundamental skills, such as mathematical education and vocabulary lessons. Additionally, I see AI being used for such necessary tasks as answering questions and grading assignments. Thus I could focus my attention on establishing human connections, individualizing lesson plans and inspiring my students.
19. _____________. I believe AI could provide a strong basis for educational equality around the world. According to Todd Leopold, close to 800 million people worldwide are functionally illiterate (文盲的). Due to its ability to efficiently pass knowledge to large groups of people, fewer teachers may be needed in some schools. 20. _____________.
A. Since students will always need a human teacher
B. The benefit AI brings is far beyond my own classroom
C. I think AI is a powerful assistant to my future classroom
D. The need for students to learn how to use AI will also grow
E. Although human connections may never be able to be fully replaced by AI
F. This could be an opportunity for students everywhere to receive equal education
G. They must observe and get to know their students in order to individualize educational plans.
二、完形填空
第一节
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When the 28-year-old farmer Ureta met 17-year-old Graciela in his hometown Pampa, they fell in love. Two years later, they 21 and settled down (定居）on the farm where Ureta had been brought up.
Graciela had many big 22 for the farm in her mind. One day when she was on a 23 over Pampa, Graciela suddenly 24 that another farm looked like a milking pail (桶）. Graciela thought her family could create something even more 25 on their own farm—a huge forest 26 like her favourite musical instrument—the guitar.
But Ureta didn’t take his wife’s 27 seriously, saying, “We’ll talk about it later. ” Later 28 came. In 1977, Graciela died suddenly of brain cancer at the 29 age of 25 while carrying their fifth child. After his wife’s death, Mr Ureta 30 not satisfying her wish. A few years later, Ureta decided that the best way to honour his wife would be to 31 the big work of art.
After the local government 32 to help with the project, Ureta and his children took it on their own. One by one, they 33 about 7,000 trees into the “shape of a guitar”. It took a few seasons for the trees to take roots (扎根）, but Ureta’s 34 paid off.
Watching the forest grow over the years gave Graciela, s children 35 “It was the closest thing possible to having my mother alive,” Maria Julia, Ureta9s second daughter, said.
21. A. got prepared
B. got married
C. became well-known
D. became stressed
22. A. tests B. tasks
C. reasons D. plans
23. A. train B. flight
C. cloud D. bridge
24. A. noticed B. remembered
C. recognised D. expected
25. A. expensive B. funny
C. attractive D. important
26. A. treated B. described
C. considered D. shaped
27. A. style B. personality
C. idea D. adventure
28. A. hardly B. never
C. still D. always
29. A. young B. old
C. common D. special
30. A kept B. suggested
C. enjoyed D. greeted
31. A. copy B. paint
C. create D. change
32. A. promised B. decided
C. volunteered D. refused
33. A. planted B. carrie
C. put D. collected
34. A. small dream
B. hard work
C. big success
D. private money
35. A. pleasure B. comfort
C. support D. care
第二节
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, an Internet word--- “foxi” or “Buddha-like” (佛系)---is becoming increasingly popular as it encourages people, especially 36. _______ young to remain calm and 37. _______ (peace) and avoid disagreement as much as possible, in other words, to live like a Buddha.
The word 38. _______ (create) for the first time in 2014 in Japan to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without 39. _______ (disturb) and care little about passion and success.
In this fast-changing and competitive world, many people are 40. _______ heavy pressure. It’s only natural that people are seeking for a spiritual bay. However, some would compare “foxi” with “demotivational (无动力的）culture”----a phrase41. _______ describes young people who feel aimless and powerless. They say that “foxi” actually reflects the reality that young people 42. _______ (lose) their will to fight. They are pretending 43. _______ (keep) a healthy and wise attitude towards 44. _______ (fail) simply because they are incapable (无能力的）of succeeding.
All in all, there is one thing that “Buddha-like youngsters” should 45. _______ (basic) keep in mind: You may want to keep a calm mindset, but you should never stop fighting for yourselves!
三、写作
第一节
请根据下面表格所提供的信息, 以“A Robot”为题写一 篇80词左右的文章, 介绍今年太阳公司推出的最新款机器 人 Sunny
名称 Sunny(太阳公司研制）
外形 1. 2米高的可爱男孩
功能 烹饪各种美食，打扫房间，根据主人心情播放音乐、影视节目，安排工作计划
使用能源 太阳能
A Robot
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Discussions about it are increasingly heated around the world.
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved; therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, the human lifespan (寿命)can be prolonged.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to healthier and cleverer children. Some families have genetic diseases. This means their children will for sure have the familial disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about genetic diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. Scientists just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to create human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning animals such as mice, sheep, and dogs; therefore, these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned and that it would be beyond control, leading to some disastrous consequences. But many believe that cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in a very normal way and they also believe measures will be taken to control gene technology.
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参考答案：
第一部分阅读
第一节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人工智能在日常生活应用中给人们带来很多便利的同时，也存在一些潜在的危险。所以，人们不应该完全依赖它，而应对其加以监管。
1. D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍人工智能的应用问题。目前人工智能用于日常生活的各个领域，但是，它是否能够完全不受人类控制，或者说人类是否应该完全依赖它，这是人们应该思考的问题。由此可推知，第一段中的笑话是为了提高人们对人工智能执行复杂任务的认识。故选D。
2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二、第三句可知，最近机器学习能力（人工智能的分支）这一领域的进步使电脑能够处理许多以前不能处理的难题。这一现象的结果是电脑被应用于从医疗诊断和保险到无人驾驶汽车等各个方面。由此可知，人工智能的兴起是电脑被广泛应用于各个领域的主要原因。故选B。
3. C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“There is a problem，though. . . people struggle to understand exactly how those self-written program lo what they do. "可知一些人反对人工智能的原因在于人们不知道人工智能在处理问题时是如何工作的。故选C项。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日内瓦车展展示的未来之车。
4. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“An autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control. "可知选A。
5. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “Many designers seek to create the car of the future. ”以及最后一段中的 “Ms Davidson said the ‘Vision C’ planned to be launched in two years. ” 可知选B。
6. D【解析】推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章介绍了在车展上展示的未来之车多数是由高科技制造出来，所以这篇文章很可能是篇科技报道。故选D。
7. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段中的“…. a car built on a3D printer…，The body of the vehicle called ‘Genesis’ is printed in one piece from a material called thermoplastic. ”可知选B。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，对互联网、人类居住环境、能源应用等领域的未来做出了预测。
8. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“This means that the se of search engines will become much more important. ”可知，选A。
9. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，虽然现在达到超高速传输在技术上可行，但在商业上还不能推广，而且今后建造这种超高速网络的成本会降低。由此可推知，大众目前不能使用这种网络的原因是成本太高。
10. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据该句后半句 “because it’ll just be water vapour（因为它只是水蒸气）”，可推测 exhaust指的是未来汽车排放的“废气”。故选B。
11. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的 “In the future we won’t use oil or gas as energy any more. We will make use of sunlight water and wind. “I’II” Also，all energy will be supplied by natural sources: sunlight, wind and water. ”可知，D项正确。
D
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种可以用于探测的电子鼻。
12. B【解析】推理判断题。第一段中，作者先介绍了狗的鼻子有很多用途，然后介绍科学家现在发明了可以做同样事情的电子鼻。由此可以推断，先提及狗是为了引出电子鼻的话题，故选B项。
13. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段中的 “Earlier models，however，have been bulky and expensive The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment. ”可知，早期的电子鼻比较昂贵且 “buky”, 新型的电子鼻不贵且体积小巧，可放入手持设备内，新旧形式对比，由此猜测buky是“庞大”的意思，故选D项。complex意为“复杂的”，fragile意为 “易碎的”，handy意为“方便的”。
14. D【解析】段落大意题。第三段主要介绍了电子鼻可以同时检测到多种化合物极其轻微的气味，功能强大，故选D项。
15. A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs. "可知，斯蒂芬泰勒认为电子鼻可以配合狗进行工作，故选A项。
第二节
【语篇导读】作者认为在教育领域人工智能虽然不能完全取代老师，但是能帮助老师们提升教学效果。并从课内课外两方面举例说明了人工智能的优势。
16. E【解析】空处位于首段段尾，并且是半句。后半句句意：与自己单独工作相比，人工智能在其他方面能产生更高效的影响。根据other ways可知，上文应提到跟它形成对比的一方面。选项E中的 human connections又与上文中的 human connections相呼应。故选E。
17. G【解析】空处位于段中，并且是半句。上文说教育工作者不仅要教学生课程，下文是两个并列的简单句并且都以 they must开头，介绍教育工作者应做的与工作相关的其他事情，由此可知空处应该也是一个相似结构的简单句，与下文相并列。故选G。
18. C【解析】空处位于段首，为本段的主旨句。根据本段中的promote fundamental skills F necessary tasks as answering questions and grading assignments可知，本段论述的是人工智能在课堂内的作用。选项C中的 a powerful assistant to my future classroom可与其呼应。故选C。
19. B【解析】空处位于段首，为本段的主旨句。根据下文内容可知，这一段与第三段是并列关系，都介绍了人工智能的好处。第三段介绍了人工智能为课堂带来的好处。再根据本段中的 educational equality around the world可知，人工智能的好处不限于课堂内部。选项B中的 beyond my own classroom与其相呼应。故选B。
20. F【解析】空处位于段尾。根据本段第二句话可知，本段谈论的中心是人工智能能促进教育公平。选项F中的 receive equal education与其意思一致。故选F。
第二部分语言运用
第一节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位农民乌雷塔在妻子去世后，为了实现妻子生前的愿望，种植了大约7，00棵树并将这些树塑造成一个吉他的形状，以此来纪念妻子，这片森林也给他的孩子们带来了安慰。
21. B【解析】根据上文“they fell in love”及空后的 settled down on the fam可知，他们相爱两年后结婚了。故选B项。
22. D【解析】根据下文 for the farm in her mind以及本段内容可知格拉谢拉心中有许多关于农场的计划。故选D项。
3. B【解析】根据下文 “another farm looked like a milking pai”可推知，格拉谢拉只有在空中看，才能看到一个看起来像一个挤奶桶的农场。故选B项。
24. A【解析】根据下文“that another farm looked like a milking pai”可知，她在飞行时，注意到一个农场的形状看起来像一个挤奶桶。故选A项。
25. C【解析】句意：格拉谢拉认为她的家人可以在自己的农场里创造出更有吸引力的东西片巨大的森林，形状就像她最喜欢的乐器——吉他。根据句意可知，应选C项。
26. D【解析】根据上文 looked like a milking pail和下文 like her favourite musical instrument-the guitar以及第四段中的 shape of a guitar可知，是森林的形状像她最喜欢的乐器吉他。故选D项。
27. C【解析】根据下文“Well talk about it later. "可知，乌雷塔并没有把他妻子的想法当回事。故选C项。
28. B【解析】根据下文“In1977，Graciela died suddenly of brain cancer”可知，乌雷塔说的“以后再谈”，因为格拉谢拉去世了再也实现不了了。故选B项。
29. A【解析】根据下文 age of 25可知，格拉谢拉去世时只有25岁，还很年轻。故选A项。
30. D【解析】根据下文 “Ureta decided that the best way to honour his wife would be to ______________ the big work of art”可知，乌雷塔先生后悔没有满足妻子的愿望。故选D项。
31. C【解析】句意：几年后，乌雷塔决定，纪念他妻子的最好方式就是创作这件大型艺术品。根据句意可知，应选C项。
32. D【解析】根据下文“Ureta and his children took it on their own”可知，政府拒绝帮助这项工程。故选D项。
33. A【解析】句意：他们一棵接一棵地种下了大约7，000棵树，种成吉他形状。根据 about7，000 trees可知是种植了大约7，000棵树。故选A项。
34. B【解析】根据上文 “about7，000 trees into the ‘shape of a guitar’ It took a few seasons for the trees to take roots” 可知，乌雷塔为此付出了巨大的努力，而他的努力也有了回报。故选B项。
35. B【解析】根据下文“‘It was the closest thing possible to having my mother alive,’ Maria Julia, Ureta’s second daughter, said. ”可知，森林使得格拉谢拉的孩子们也得到了安慰。故选B项。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，针对网上的流行语“佛系”，作者强调我们应该保持平静的心态，但不要停止努力。
36. the【解析】 the young表示“年轻人”，“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物。
37. peaceful 【解析】该空与calm并列，作 remain的表语，因此用形容词。
38. was created 【解析】根据句中的时间状语in2014可知，此处用般过去时，且word与 create是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
39. being disturbed【解析】disturb与句子的主语they是逻辑上的动宾关系，且空处作介词 without的宾语，因此用动词-ing形式的被动式。
40. under【解析】此处表示“在这个快速变化和竞争激烈的世界里，许多人承受着巨大的压力”。故填under。
41. which/that【解析】空处引导定语从句，修饰 phrase，从句中缺少主语，因此用 which/that引导。
42. are losing【解析】根据上下文可知，此处作者在描述目前存在的状况，故应用现在进行时。
43. to keep【解析】pretend to do…意为“假装做…。
44. failure【解析】此处表示“他们假装对失败保持健康、明智的态度，仅仅是因为他们没有能力成功”。“an attitude towards+名词”意为“对…的态度”，故填 failure。
45. basically【解析】空处修饰动词短语keep…in mind，应用副词，故填 basically。第三部分写作
第一节
One possible version
A Robot Sunny is the latest robot invented by Sun Company this year. I'm sure you will like it as soon as you see it. Because it looks like a lovely boy who is only 1. 2 metres tall.
Sunny has many excellent functions. First，it is good at doing housework. Not only can it prepare all kinds of delicious food for you，but it can keep your house clean and tidy. Second，it is a perfect assistant. It may play suitable music or movies stored in its inner computer according to the owner's moods. Your job schedule can also be arranged properly by it There is also another surprise for you. The price of the clever robot is only 800 yuan. Besides, its solar energy system will save a lot of money for you.
第二节
One possible version
Gene technology is now a hot topic worldwide. (要点1) It can help people cure deadly diseases and allow them to live a happier and longer life with better economic conditions. (要点2)Gene technology also makes it possible for people with genetic diseases to give birth to healthy babies. (要点3)However，some people are concerned that gene technology will be largely used in human cloning while others don't see it as a problem (要点4).