(共97张PPT)
Developing ideas—读写·体现学以致用
课时目标
1.借助语篇知识分析本课语篇类型特点以及段落逻辑关系，能够运用逻辑思维和批判性思维梳理和评判生活中常见的观点。
2.进一步深化对单元主题的理解，了解倡议信的写作特点，能够运用所学内容写一封与环保相关的倡议信。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．stand-by adj. 备用的
2．leak v. (使)漏，(使)渗漏
3．appliance n. 家用电器，家用器具
4．plug n. (电)插头
5．litre n. 升，公升
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1．______ adj. 不正确的，错误的
2．________ n. 数量，数额
3．_______ n. 设备，仪器，装置
4．______ n. (机器、设备的)运行方式，
状态，模式
5．__________ n. (宣传)活动
6．________ n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
7．________ adj. 平均(数)的
false
amount
device
mode
campaign
canteen
average
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1．__________ n．电→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的
2．_______ v．移走，搬走，去掉→removal n．调动；移动；去除
3．____ v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n．强烈的愿望；冲动→urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的→urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地；急迫地→urgency n．紧急；紧急的事；紧迫性
4．__________ adj.焦急的，担忧的→concern n．让(某人)担忧，关心，担心→concerning prep.关于；涉及
5．________ n．多数，大多数(人或物)→major adj.主要的→(反义词) minority n．少数民族；少数
6．__________ v．促成，造成(某事发生)→contribution n．贡献，促成作用；捐款
electricity
remove
urge
concerned
majority
contribute
四、背重点短语、词块——多积更行
1．_________________ 把……考虑进去
2．__________________ 采取措施做某事
3．___________ 分解；(机器)发生故障；(计划、谈判等)失败
4．_____ 到达(某数量、程度等)
5．________ 关掉，截断(水、煤气、电流等)
6．__________ 确信；证实
7．____________ 在某些情况下
8．__________ 取决于；依赖；依靠
take ...into account
take steps to do sth.
break down
up to
turn off
make sure
in some cases
depend on
9．____________ 阻止
10．____________ 和……分享
11．_________ 详细地
12．___________ 参加，参与
13．______________ 待机状态
14．_____________ 常识
15．______________ 把……错当成……
stop ...from ...
share with ...
in detail
take part in
stand-by mode
common sense
mistake ...for ...
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. (It takes some time for sb./sth. to do sth.“做某事花费某人/某物多少时间”)
塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的降解时间要短得多。
写佳句 _________________________ to speak a language well.
学会说好一种语言需要花很长的时间。
It takes a long time to learn
悟原句 However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. (倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as)
然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
写佳句 The number of the students in our school is now _________________ it was ten years ago.
我们学校现在的学生人数是十年前的五倍。
2.
five times as big as
悟原句 It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. (“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”为强调句型)
相比于运输，食物的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及产生大部分温室气体的原因。
写佳句 __________________ finally persuaded me to change my mind/into changing my mind.
是我的姐姐最终说服我改变想法。
3.
It was my sister who
第一遍 泛读通文意
What's really green
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones.Which are really green
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
In fact，both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping.
When you turn off a device, it stops using power.
When we turn off a device, such as television, it goes into stand-by mode. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more. This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it is turned “off”. To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not that simple. It is the production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away — even taking into account its transport.
[参考译文]
哪些才是真正的环保做法？
我们大部分人都意识到要保护环境，也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。但是近来，一些“绿色环保真相”被证实并非完全正确，甚至是无稽之谈。下面列举了一些常见的环保观念，其中哪些是正确的呢？
纸质购物袋优于塑料袋？
塑料袋会变成垃圾，被野生动物误食后会对其造成伤害。塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的降解时间要短得多，因此人们认为纸袋是更为环保的选择。
句 It takes some time for sb./sth. to do sth.＝Sb./Sth.takes some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人/某物多少时间”。
[句式释解]
然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。其生产过程也会产生更多的温室气体。
[句式释解]
句 动名词短语making a paper bag作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
句 four times as much energy as ...是倍数的一种表示法，其结构为：倍数＋as much＋不可数名词＋as＋其他。
事实上这两种袋子都不够环保，所以出门购物时请带一个能重复利用的袋子。
关掉的电器不耗电？
当我们关掉电视等电器时，它会进入待机状态。这种状态下的电器仍然耗电，而且越旧的电器耗电越多。这是因为电器即使已经被“关掉”了，却依然有电流从电器中流失。为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。
[句式释解]
句 because引导的原因状语从句，when引导时间状语从句。
句 不定式短语To make sure ...在句中作目的状语。
吃本地食物更利于环保？
这似乎已是人们常识性的认识：吃本地产的食物更环保，因为不需要长途低温运输。然而事实并没有那么简单。相比于运输，食物的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及产生大部分温室气体的原因。在有些情况下，即使将运输的因素考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。
句 动名词短语eating local food在句中作主语。
句 本句使用了强调句型，此处强调了句子的主语 “the production of food, not its transport”。
句 might have done sth. “过去可能做了某事”，表示对过去所发生事情的推测。
[句式释解]
淋浴比泡澡更好？
这取决于你淋浴的时间和你的浴缸大小。如果淋浴超过八分钟，那么耗水量就和泡澡一样多——大约为五十升水。所以，节水的关键在于尽量缩短淋浴的时间。
[句式释解]
句 It depends on ...“这取决于……”。
句 if引导的条件状语从句。
句 不定式短语to keep your shower ...作表语。
环保意识已经融入了人们的日常生活，但我们仍需仔细辨别我们已经习以为常的理念和观点中哪些才是真正“绿色环保”的。
[句式释解]
句 be worth doing sth.“某事值得被做”(动名词的主动形式表示被动含义)。
第二遍 精读提素养
步骤一先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么
What's the main idea of the passage
A．What steps should we take to save energy and reduce waste and pollution
B．What's really green in our daily life
C．How can we live a green life
D．When do we turn off a device to stop using power
答案：B
步骤二再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的
阅读文章第1～5段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)Write T (true) or F (false).
①A paper bag is more environmentally friendly. ( )
②Devices in the stand-by mode do not use power any more. ( )
F
F
(2)What is the author's suggestion when you go shopping
A．Taking a plastic bag.
B．Using a paper bag.
C．Carrying a reusable bag.
D．Putting your purchases in pockets.
答案：C
(3)What should you do to save energy when leaving your home
A．Turn off a device.
B．Remove the plug from its power supply.
C．Remove the device from the house.
D．Leave the device on.
答案：B
2.表达的技巧
(1)第一段第二句中使用了only, even，突出了人们对“绿色环保真相”的了解存在误区。
试完成下面句子：
①This dog is____________________.
这只狗只有两个月大。
②___________________ ignored that simple rule.
甚至最优秀的人也忽略了那条简单的规则。
only two months old
Even the best of men
(2)第二段第一句中的抽象名词danger表示具体意义，意为“危险的原因或人(物)，危险因素，威胁，危害”等时用作可数名词，可与冠词a/an连用。该词的使用使句意表达更形象和具体。第三段第一句中的up to表示程度，强调了“用水之多”。
试完成下面句子：
③Smoking is __________________ health.
吸烟严重危害健康。
④The temperature here reaches ______ 40 degrees in summer.
这里的温度在夏天可达40度。
a serious danger to
up to
(3)第五段第一句中的stand-by意为 “备用的；应急的”，用词形象贴切。 试完成下面句子：
⑤They bought two cheap ________________ for Rome.
他们买了两张便宜的去罗马的备用机票。
⑥Your reservation is already _________________.
你的预订已经在候补名单里了。
stand-by tickets
in the stand-by list
阅读文章第6～8段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)People choose to eat local food because they think___________________________.
(2)If you spend more than 8 minutes in a shower, you'll .
A．waste more energy
B．consume more than 50 litres of water
C．enjoy a more comfortable experience
D．use the same water amount as in a bath
答案：D
it is good for the environment
(3)What can you do to become a real greener
A．Take a shower rather than a bath.
B．Share your opinions with people around you.
C．Change your attitude to environmental protection.
D．Check your environmental ideas often and follow them.
答案：D
2．表达的技巧
(1)第六段第二句中的that意为“那么”，突出所讲内容；第三句使用了强调句型，突出了the production of food(食物的生产过程)消耗的能源更多；第四句使用情态动词might have used表达了一种可能性和推测。
试完成下面句子：
①Life _____________ if you believe in its beauties.
如果你相信生活的美好，那么生活就没有那么糟糕。
②______________________________________ the climber was rescued.
正是在当地导游的帮助下，那位登山者(才)获救了。
③The boy _________________ the truth, but I am not quite sure.这个男孩也许知道真相，但我不是很确定。
isn't that bad
It was with the help of the local guide that
might have known
(2)第七段第二句中的as much water as突出了用水之多，而第三句中的as short as possible用词简洁有力，突出了用时之短。试完成下面句子：
④You should drink _________________ you can.
你应该尽可能多喝水。
⑤Sam made his speech _________________.
山姆使他的演讲尽可能地精简。
as much water as
as short as possible
步骤三读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑
课文标题 “What's really green？”直接点明了文章的主题 “哪些才是真正的环保做法？”。本文语篇类型为报刊社论，为“总—分—总”结构。全文通过问答的形式介绍了生活中常见的关于环境保护的几个认识误区，引导学生对所谓的生活常识持批判的态度。
阅读技巧：在阅读报刊社论文章时，要快速浏览文本，关注文章的总标题与各个小标题去理解文章的主要大意。针对本文，可以先快速浏览标题，判断四个小标题是否为真命题，初步确定文章的主旨和作者的写作意图。然后，快速浏览全文，验证自己的判断，总结文章的主旨与写作意图。最后，对生活中常见的观点进行分析和批判，形成自己的观点。
步骤四最后知选文意图，思有何价值
1．环保，从我做起
作为一名学生，我们应该把引领节能，低碳生活当作自己的责任。在离开教室、宿舍时随手关灯，在接水之后拧紧水龙头，尽量将比较干净的水反复利用等。本文分享了节约用电的做法：“To make sure your appliance is in fact off，remove the plug from its power supply.”。节能环保从我做起，杜绝无谓的浪费，节约一度电，惠及千万人。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①Everyone is responsible for saving energy.
节约能源，人人有责。
②Electricity is a treasure, every degree should be calculated.
电力是个宝，度度要计较。
2．齐心协力，共建美丽家园
绿水青山就是金山银山，美丽的环境是社会发展的保障，保护环境是大家义不容辞的责任，每个人都应身体力行地去保护、爱护环境，打造河畅、水清、岸绿、景美的生态环境，守护好我们的家园。文章中提到环保意识已经融入人们的日常生活：“Environmental awareness is now part of daily life.”。在大家的共同努力下，我们的地球会越来越美丽，生机盎然，充满活力。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①Clear waters and lush mountains are as valuable as gold and silver.
绿水青山就是金山银山。
②Improve the environmental awareness and protect the beautiful home.
提高环境意识，保护美好家园。
第一板块 单词和短语——点点清
1．Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.
我们大部分人都意识到要保护环境，也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。
★majority n．多数，大多数(人或物)
[用法感知]
①The majority of them take an online language test before starting their course.
他们中的大多数人在开始他们的课程之前会参加一个在线语言测试。
②I was admitted into Tsinghua University in 2020, and then majored in math.
我于2020年被清华大学录取，主修数学。
③Most members of the committee were in favour of the suggestion; only a minority were against it.
委员会的大多数成员赞成这项建议；只有少数人反对它。
归纳点拨 (1)a/the majority of ... 大多数……
be in the/a majority 占多数
(2)major adj. 主要的；主修的
n.& vi. 主修课程；主修
major in 主修
(3)minor adj. 较小的；次要的
minority n. 少数；少数民族
名师点津 (1)“the majority of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(2)当majority后面不接of短语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the _________ (major) of the students in the class were against it.
⑤The majority of the buildings ______ (be) built in the 1970s.
⑥The majority _________ (be) in favour of the suggestion.
⑦How I wish I ________________________ instead of computer science when I was at college!
我多么希望我在大学时主修的是医学而不是计算机！
majority
were
was/were
had majored in medicine
2．However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
★amount n．数量，数额v.达到；总计
[用法感知]
①A large amount of money has been spent building more modern kindergartens so far this year.今年到目前为止，已经花费了大量资金建设更现代化的幼儿园。
②The total cost of repairs amounted to D|S300, which is too much for me to afford.
维修费用总计为300美元，这对我来说太贵了，支付不起。
归纳点拨 a large/small amount of＝ large/small amounts of
大/少量的
in large/small amounts 大/少量地
amount to 达到；等于；总共；共计
名师点津 a large/small amount of和large/small amounts of后面常接不可数名词，作主语时，句子的谓语动词要与amount的单复数形式保持一致。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③With more forests being destroyed, large amounts of good earth ______ (be) being washed away each year.
④It was reported that a large amount of money ____ (be) spent on the new building.
⑤You'll never ___________ anything if you spend your time that way! 你要是老这样消磨时间，将一事无成！
3．To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.
为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。
★remove v．移走，搬走，去掉
are
was
amount to
[用法感知]
①The student removed his jacket and began to remove the ink in it. 那个学生脱掉他的夹克，开始除去上面的墨水。
②They all came to help remove the stones from the fields.
他们都来帮忙把这些石头从地里搬走。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子 )
③The man _______________ (remove) from the post because he broke the rules and regulations of the company by design.
④The company has _____________ London __ Oxford.
这家公司已经从伦敦搬迁到牛津。
was removed
removed from
to
易混辨析 remove 强调完全放弃原来物体所处的位置而到达新的地点，remove还可以表示“开除；消除；除去”等意思。
move 强调移动、搬动，指事物位置和姿态的改变。
轻巧识记
选择上述单词填空
⑤First, she ________ her jacket and hung it over the chair. After that, she _________ the dishes from the table. Then she asked her husband to _____ the table.
首先，她脱下夹克衫，把它挂在椅子上。之后，她把盘子从桌子上拿了下来，然后，她让丈夫移动桌子。
removed
removed
move
4．In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away — even taking into account its transport.
在有些情况下，即使将运输的因素考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。
★take ...into account 把……考虑进去
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作) People take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们考虑到教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
②On no account should the soldiers be blamed for what happened.
士兵们绝对不该为所发生的事受到责备。
③His illness accounts for his absence from the meeting.
他因为生病而缺席会议。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④___ account of the development of the economy, the environment is seriously polluted and we must cut down the emission of the carbon dioxide.
⑤He couldn't account ____ the fact that the money was found in his house.
⑥On no account _______________ the door unlocked.
你无论如何也不应该不锁门就离开。
⑦The policeman _________________ the traffic accident.
警察描述了交通事故的经过。
On
for
should you leave
gave an account of
5．It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table.
它敦促人们节约食物，不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。
★urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促n.强烈的愿望；冲动
[用法感知]
①Mother urged me not to tell you anything about it.
妈妈要求我什么也不要对你说。
②They urged that the library (should) be kept open during the vacation.
他们竭力主张图书馆在假期保持开放。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③Parents should urge their children _______ (take)advantage of the chance to join sports teams.
④In order to improve learning efficiency, I urge that all of us _____________ (form) the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time.
⑤It ____________________________________ to develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used.
坚决要求培养孩子们如何使用互联网的意识。
to take
(should) form
is urged that children (should) be taught
6．We are concerned that ...
我们担心……
★concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的
[用法感知]
①He has a concern that his future will change.
＝He is concerned that his future will change.
他担心他的未来会改变。
②He has never been concerned about what others think of him.
他从来不关心别人怎么看他。
③As far as I'm concerned, you can forget completely about it.
在我看来，你完全可以忘记它。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④He called the police because he was concerned ______ my safety.
⑤Honestly speaking, I have no concern ______ the matter.
⑥______________________ the more you practise paper-cutting, the better you will become at it.
就我个人而言，你剪纸练习得越多，你就会越擅长。
7．Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.
看看造成碳足迹的三个项目。
★contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献
about
with
As far as I'm concerned,
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
位于“一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
②It was his carelessness that contributed to the accident.
正是他的粗心大意造成了这起事故。
③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class.
参加比赛对我来说是一个展示我的舞蹈技巧和为班级做贡献的绝好机会。
归纳点拨 (1)contribute to 有助于；促使；导致
contribute ... to ... 向……捐献/捐赠……
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款
make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.
对……做出贡献
联想发散 表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有cause, lead to, result in等。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④While jokes are likely to contribute ___ a pleasant atmosphere, you've got to be careful not to hurt others.
⑤This new technology will make a great ____________ (contribute) to the development of Chinese communication industry.
⑥Everyone is willing to __________________________ the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
to
contribution
contribute food and clothes to
第二板块 句式和语法——句句通
It is the production of food， not its transport， that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. 相比于运输，食物的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及产生大部分温室气体的原因。
本句中的“It is ... that ...”是强调句型，强调的是句子的主语。
(1)强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句是将is/was提前，即：“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分？”。
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句形式，需将陈述句变成一般疑问句，再在句首加上疑问词，即“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分”。
(4)not ... until ...结构在强调句型中的运用：until引导的时间状语从句可以用在强调句型中，其结构为“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分”。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It is you rather than he ___________ are going to deliver a speech in the meeting tonight.
②John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work ____ has made him what he is today.
③______________________________ Jane realized that she had lost her ID card.
直到到了家，简才发现她的身份证丢了。
④___________________ phoned you just now
刚才给你打电话的是莎莉吗？
who/that
that
It was not until she came back that
Was it Sally that/who
[名师点津]
强调句型的判断方法：把it is/was及that去掉，依然是一个完整的句子；否则，就不是强调句型。试比较：
It was in the park that I lost my cell phone. (强调句型)
It was the park where I lost my cell phone. (where引导的定语从句)
写作项目——Writing a persuasive letter
本单元的写作任务是写一封与环保相关的倡议信。倡议信是由个人或某一组织发出，倡导共同做某事的应用文。倡议信的言辞要贴切，情感要真挚，语言要富于号召性。
由课文学写作范式(写得“像模像样”)
(一)课文范式提炼
(二)写作要点指津
1．标题：写在文章的居中位置，要明确、醒目，说明倡议书的总体事宜，可采用句子也可采用短语，也可不带标题。
2．主体段(首段)：总体介绍所倡议的内容，提出背景、目的或现象。
3．中心段(中间段)：倡议内容或问题的具体化。如弘扬中国传统节日等。
4．倡议段(尾段)：结合介绍的内容，提出合理的倡议，表达自己的决心和希望。
5．注意：①所倡议的事情必须有一定的社会意义；②能够引起有关人士的关注；③所倡议的事情要切实可行。
由课文学亮点表达(写得“韵味十足”)
阅读文章，习得以下素养
1．学写作手法及语言
倡议书措辞要贴切，情感要真挚，语言要富于号召性，可多用should, ought to, may, can等表示建议的情态动词。开头简洁明了，直奔主题，结尾呼吁简洁有力。本文第一段首句中作者使用“We are writing this letter to call on ...”这一表达句式，开门见山地表明写倡议信的目的；本文中用到了情态动词may, could, can 和多个祈使句，使语言情感真挚富有号召力；本文最后一句 Let's start doing ...与文章首段照应进行呼吁。
试补全下面的句子，体会表达倡议的句式结构：
①______________________________ everyone to take action to avoid unnecessary waste.
我们写这封信是为了呼吁大家采取行动，避免不必要的浪费。
②____________________ minimize the impact of our own activities on the environment!
让我们携手前进，尽可能将自身活动对环境的影响减少到最低程度吧！
③___________________ of turning off the taps and lights immediately after using them.
尽力养成使用完后立即关掉水龙头和电灯的习惯。
We are writing this letter to call on
Let's work together to
Try to form the habit
④____________ that we woke up.
到了我们清醒的时候了。
⑤______________________ from many different angles.
你可以从很多不同的角度看这个问题。
It's high time
You can look at the issue
2．学衔接手段
本文运用了不同的衔接手段，从而使全文结构紧凑，行文逻辑流畅。第一段第二句中的主语“It”代表了第一句中的“the Clear Your Plate campaign”， 这里运用的是“替代手段衔接”；第一段第三句中并列连词while的使用使前后两种不同的现象形成对比，给人以深刻的印象和启示，这里运用的是“准确使用连接词衔接手段”。
第二段中作者运用了三个祈使句，分别从学校餐厅就餐少点饭菜，校外餐馆就餐少点饭菜并把剩余饭菜带回家，号召家庭成员和朋友参加行动三个方面发起倡议。表达条理清晰，非常符合学生的日常生活实际，本段运用了“结构并行的衔接手段”和“语义连贯手段”。
第三段第一句旨在说明“减少食物浪费点滴行动的意义”，第二句自然过渡到呼吁大家行动起来，本段运用了“思维逻辑衔接手段”。
试根据语境完成下面的句子，体会不同衔接手段：
⑥People tend to think bottled water is cleaner and more convenient. _________ they may not know that according to scientific research, millions of tons of plastic are used worldwide to make water bottles each year.
⑦If you are worried about the effects of bottled water on the Earth, we would like to suggest ____ take the following steps.
⑧Carry your water in a sustainable, reusable bottle. In this way, you don't need to buy bottled water. If you _______ purchase a plastic bottled beverage, recycle the bottle after use. Ask your family members and friends to take part in this campaign.
⑨Everyone is responsible for making our planet cleaner and better by doing what we can. _____ start now.
However,
you
have to
Let's
积素材充盈写作“语料库”
(一)背写作词汇
1．awareness n． 意识
2．responsibility n. 责任，职责；义务
3．effective adj. 有效的
4．count v. 重要
5．bring about 引起，导致
6．get warmer and warmer 变得越来越暖和
7．live a low-carbon life 过一种低碳生活
8．make full use of 充分利用
9．try to avoid using ... 尽力避免使用……
10．make a difference 有影响；起作用
(二)背写作佳句
[常用开头句]
1．I'd like to call on all the students to spend more time on reading.
我呼吁所有学生多花时间阅读。
2．I'm appealing to all of you to ride bikes to school as a way to fight with/against air pollution.
我呼吁大家骑自行车上学抵制空气污染。
3．In recent years, with the popularity of digital devices, students pay little attention to their handwriting.
近年来，随着电子设备的普及，学生们很少注意书写。
[常用中间句]
1．At the same time, we should realize that there are some problems caused by bike-sharing.
与此同时，我们应该意识到存在一些由共享单车引起的问题。
2．We are supposed to/should choose to walk or ride a bicycle if it's a short distance travel.
如果路程不远，我们应该选择步行或骑自行车。
3．It is suggested/advised that we pay more attention to taking physical exercise.
建议我们多注意体育锻炼。
4．This habit can help us avoid producing waste, which will make our home — the Earth more beautiful.
这个习惯能帮助我们避免产生废物，使我们的家园——地球更美丽。
5．There are some benefits of running.
跑步有很多好处。
6．Such measures/action can surely improve air quality, so let's start from now on.
这样的措施/行动一定能提高空气质量，因此让我们从现在开始。
[常用结束句]
1．Hopefully, you can join in the action and offer help to those in need.
希望你能参与行动，帮助有需要的人。
2．As far as I'm concerned, everyone should obey the rules and the government should take relevant measures to regulate the management and solve these problems.
在我看来，人人应遵守纪律，政府应采取相应措施规范管理并解决这些问题。
3．Let's try our best to create a harmonious traffic environment.
让我们努力创建一个和谐的交通环境。
4．Every effort counts/makes a difference.Let's work together to make the world a better place.
一切努力都很重要。让我们一起努力让世界变得更好。
(三)背续写素材
读后续写微技能——动作描写
Suddenly, a moving dot was spotted. As it drew nearer，Jane saw it clearly.“The helicopter，”Jane murmured, sprang up and rushed to the center of an open area. She waved her yellow blouse desperately and yelled at the helicopter with excitement. To her great joy, this time she was spotted. Soon afterwards, the helicopter landed steadily on the ground and Tom jumped out. The moment Tom's eyes fell upon her, Jane threw herself into his arms.“Honey, never will I leave you again.”Jane sobbed. The reunited couple hugged each other tightly.
突然，一个移动的点被发现了。当它靠近时，简看得很清楚。“直升机，”简喃喃地说，跳了起来，冲到了一块空地的中央。她拼命地挥舞着黄色上衣，兴奋地朝直升机喊叫。令她高兴的是，这次她被发现了。不久之后，直升机平稳地降落在地上，汤姆跳了出来。汤姆的眼睛一落到她身上，简就扑到了他的怀里。“亲爱的，我再也不会离开你了。”简抽泣着。这对重聚的夫妇紧紧拥抱在一起。
[应用体验]
假定你是李华，是学校学生会主席。每年6月是世界环保月，请你以“从我做起，爱护环境”为主题，向全校同学写一封倡议书，内容包括：
1．倡议的背景及目的；
2．倡议的具体内容。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：世界环保月 World Environment Month
Dear friends,
I'm Li Hua, Chairman of the Students' Union.________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students' Union
根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文
Dear friends,
I'm Li Hua, Chairman of the Students' Union. As is known to all, June is World Environment Month. Therefore, ①____________________________ (我写信提出一个建议) with the theme that we should take an active part in protecting the environment.
②____________________ (普遍认为) the environmental problems such as the polluted air and water are threatening our health. Faced with the serious problems, ③_______________________________ (必须采取有效的措施) before things get worse. Firstly, ④___________________________________ (积极参加志
I'm writing to make a proposal
It is acknowledged that
effective measures should be taken
take an active part in voluntary work
愿工作) concerning environmental protection as much as possible, which is necessary for us to do our parts to the cause. Additionally, it is strongly suggested that we should live a low-carbon life and ⑤________________ (提高意识) of reducing the carbon emission. Such is an effective way to protect the environment.
As high school students, it is our duty to make a contribution to protecting the environment. I sincerely hope we could make joint efforts and make our mother earth a greener one.
The Students' Union
raise the awareness
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A whale is a fish. True or ______(错误的)
2．Even worse, the __________(数量) of fast food that people eat goes up.
3．In our daily life we have to use various kinds of electronic _________(设备).
4．What has led many companies to ________(取消) necessary regulations
5．Your texts won't come until you turn airplane _____(模式) off in the morning.
6．The car let out a loud noise and then quickly disappeared in the _________ (远处).
false
amount
devices
remove
mode
distance
7．A _________ (活动) has been launched (发起) by the netizens on the Internet to get rid of unhealthy information which does harm to young students.
8．A lot of new wooden furniture, as well as some latest household ___________ (家用电器), was bought by the Smiths for their new house a week ago.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The situation is so ________ (urge) that we must figure out an effective way to solve the problem right now.
2．As far as I am __________(concern), all the students and teachers should work hard and keep safety in mind.
3．With the approach of the mid-term examinations, the _________(major) of the students are becoming more and more nervous.
campaign
appliances
urgent
concerned
majority
4．The ______(true) is that each and every student is unique, and therefore, when teaching, we cannot follow the same pattern.
5．Modern women are __________(energy), ambitious, and most of all, persistent in pursuit of their goal.
6．If it should break _____ within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.
7．The doctor will take your weight ____ account and then give some suggestions.
8．It was his hard work as well as his talent _____ made him so successful.
9．We need some ordinary facilities and _________ (electricity) equipment, such as balance, crucible, tongs and so on.
10．No such mechanism exists for the _________ (remove) of technological wastes.
truth
energetic
down
into
that
electrical
removal
take part in， take ...into account， turn off， share with ...， make sure， in fact， take steps to， in detail， break down， depend on
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Every student in our class ___________ the activity which is aimed to make the public aware of the importance of protecting the environment.
2．Mr Alexander doesn't just write for fun; _______ writing is his bread and butter.
3．Having been in senior two for weeks, I have much to __________ you.
4．I'm really interested in all that you have said. Can we discuss some things _________
took part in
in fact,
share with
in detail
5．Do you forget to _________ the lights and heaters when you go out of a room
6．Shopping online will really take off when people _________ that it is safe.
7．Whether people can keep fit __________ what they eat every day.
8．You should _____ plenty of possible factors ___________ to the problem.
9．It is essential that you understand what type of soil you have in your garden before you can ____________ improve it.
10．If you follow these steps, soon you will be able to ___________ the walls between your parents and yourself.
turn off
make sure
depends on
take
into account
take steps to
break down
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．_______________________________ I didn't sleep until 3 this morning.
为了完成报告，我一直到今天早上凌晨3点才睡。
2．I have decided to take part in the volunteer activities __________ what you said the day before.
因为你前天说的话，我已经决定参与到志愿者活动中来。
3．_______________________ when telling long stories.
讲长篇故事时，我需要时间来思考。
In order to get the report finished,
because of
It takes me time to think
4．The new bridge is ___________________ the one built last year. 这座新桥是去年建的那座桥的三倍宽。
5．_____________________________________ he met at the party. 他在晚会上遇见的是他大学时的老师。
three times as wide as
It was his teacher in his college that/who
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
We have taken steps to save energy and reduce waste and 1._________ (pollute). However, some of the “green truths” are 2.__________ (complete) false. Firstly, 3._______ (make) a paper bag uses much more energy than a plastic one. So, not only plastic bags, 4._____ also paper bags are bad for the environment. Secondly, a device 5.__________ is turned off still uses power. We should remove the plug from its power supply. Thirdly, although local food does not need to 6.______________ (transport) long distances, it is 7.___ production of food, not its transport, that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. Finally, it depends 8.__ the time you spend in the shower whether it's better to take a shower than a bath. Therefore, you'd better 9.________ (short) your shower time. In a word, it is worth 10._________ (think) about the common ideas and opinions before we take action.
pollution
completely
making
but
which/that
be transported
the
on
shorten
thinking
Ⅵ.读后续写(基础性)
阅读下面材料，运用“动作描写”微技能，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。词数80左右。
One late afternoon I went to the park to relax myself. I sat on a bench and leaned back with my legs fully stretched. My eyes fell upon a pair of cute children. They seemed to be elder sister and younger brother, hardly five or six years old, I guessed. I watched them as they involved themselves with children's usual fun game: hide and seek. Not far away, their mother was reading under a tree, keeping an eye on them from time to time. The kids' bright-colored clothes put a barrier to hide and easily one of them was caught by the other. Then they laughed merrily. I enjoyed their game without being a participant.
The next moment, the little girl came running towards me and hid behind the bench. The moment I looked at her, she made a sign, “Shh！” putting her finger on her lips. I sat straight and acted as if I didn't know anything. After finishing his count down, the boy searched for the girl here and there. At last, he found her behind me and said, “Grace, come out! I saw you.”
Complaining loudly, the girl shouted, “No Jack, you cheated. Again you have to find me. This is not done. Go back behind the tree and start counting again.” The boy turned round and round, clapping his hands and giggling out “No, no. I did it. You are caught.” They both started pulling each other. Their mother watched them smilingly.
Suddenly Grace stopped and pulled her brother towards the fence not far away from the bench where I rested. There on the grass lay a little dog grunting with pain, seemingly injured and homeless.
I went over to see what the kids were going to do. ______________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
I went over to see what the kids were going to do. Grace picked up the dog and put it gently on her laps. Then she untied her hair and wrapped its injured leg with her ribbon. Jack quickly fetched some water for the dog. While sitting there, Grace kissed the dog and petted it fondly and Jack whispered a few words to comfort it. Then it was getting late and their mother called them to go home. Unwillingly to leave the dog alone, the two kids begged their mother, “Please, Mom. Let's take the puppy home and treat it, OK？” With their mother's agreement, they went off with the dog delightedly.
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共44张PPT)
Presenting ideas—实践·注重应用评价
对接“单元活动”——让活动有效开展
本课时要求先思考生活中哪些物品会产生碳足迹，然后分组制作碳足迹调查问卷，通过班级调查了解并思考有哪些行为可以减少碳足迹，总结实现低碳生活的有效措施，进一步增强自己的环保意识。
[活动“助手”]
表达调查结果的常用句式：
1．The average score of our group is ... 我们组的平均成绩是……
2．The results show that ... 结果表明……
3．The biggest problem is ... 最大的问题是……
4．We're glad to see that ... 我们很高兴看到……
5．In order to ..., we suggest ... 为了……，我们建议……
[活动任务]
假定你是校学生会主席，为了解决城市空气污染问题，你代表学生会向全校师生发出倡议。请根据以下要点，用英语写一份倡议书。
1．简述城市空气污染的危害；
2．提出解决该问题的建议：
(1)尽量少开车；
(2)不随地扔垃圾；
(3)关闭一些工厂；
3．发出号召。
注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear teachers and students,
These days one major environmental problem in our city is air pollution. Every day we have to take in very dirty air, which does great harm to our health. To make the air in the city fresher, we should keep the following in mind.
Firstly, we should take a bus or ride a bicycle instead of driving a car and try to use cleaner fuels. Secondly, we should not throw litter here and there but put it into the dustbin. Thirdly, some factories should be closed or moved out of the city. Finally, we need to plant more trees or grass to make the air fresh.
Let's take action and try our best to make the air in the city cleaner!
Thank you!
评价“学习能力”——聚焦5种语言技能
Ⅰ. ——主题听力
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Why can't the woman give the man help
A．She doesn't like grammar.
B．She is quite busy right now.
C．She is poor in grammar, too.
2．What does the man mean
A．He couldn't fetch the clothes.
B．The store was closed.
C．The clothes were not ready.
3．What season is it now
A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn.
4．When will the film probably start
A．At 7：30. B．At 8：00. C．At 8：30.
5．What does the woman advise the boy to do
A．Brush his teeth.
B．Study math at 8：30 pm.
C．Work out in his room.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where does the conversation take place
A．In a department store.
B．In a restaurant.
C．In the office.
7．Why will the man not start
A．His wife has not come yet.
B．He doesn't know how to choose.
C．He didn't make the reservation.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the man's attitude towards his new partner
A．He respects him.
B．He doesn't like him.
C．He is afraid of him.
9．What did the man do when he worked with his partner
A．He made fun of him.
B．He quarreled with him.
C．He told a joke to him.
10．What was the response of his partner
A．Unmoved. B．Angry. C. Laugh.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．Who is Paula
A．A nurse. B．A cleaner. C．A baby-sitter.
12．How old is the man's daughter
A．Nine months. B．Three years. C．Nine years.
13．What can we learn about the man
A．He will go out in the evening.
B．He will buy her daughter a toy.
C．He is a careless man.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What is the woman's speech about
A．Methods of making an outline.
B．Ways to make a speech.
C．Shakespeare's works.
15．What does the man suggest the woman doing thirdly
A．Writing out an outline.
B．Collecting materials.
C．Choosing a specific topic.
16．When is the deadline to turn in the speech topic
A．This Tuesday.
B．Next Tuesday.
C．Next Thursday.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．How many children took part in the study
A．107. B．170. C．1,700.
18．What is the study about
A．Air pollution and the health of children.
B．Children with lung problems.
C．The reason for dirty air.
19．Who will suffer more severe effects from a cold
A．Children with weak lungs.
B．Children who drink water less.
C．Children who sleep less.
20．What is the first leading cause of early deaths among adults
A．The weak lung activity.
B．Smoking.
C．Alcoholic drink.
答案：1～5 CACCB
6～10 BABCA
11～15 CAACA
16～20 CCAAB
听力材料：
(Text 1)
M：I'm really worried about my grammar exam tomorrow. Susan, could you spare me some time
W：I'd like to help you, George, but I don't think I can. ①I don't know much about grammar myself.
(Text 2)
W：I hope you remembered to pick up my clothes from the cleaners.
M：②I couldn't go because my car wouldn't start.
(Text 3)
W：Nice weather we're having.
M：Yes. Isn't it a nice surprise？③At this time it's usually much colder and raining already.
W：Well, this weather will probably end soon; ③all the leaves on the trees are brown, and it's been pretty cold at night.
(Text 4)
W：We are running out of time. ④It's 8: 00 o'clock.
M：Don't worry. ④The film will start in 30 minutes.
W：OK, let's take a taxi to the cinema.
(Text 5)
W：What are you doing upstairs, Billy
M：I'm working out in my room.
W：Shouldn't you be studying instead ⑤You really need to brush up on your math.
M：I'll get to that later, Mom. Just give me another 30 minutes.
W：Alright, ⑤but you'd better start studying by 8: 30 pm.
(Text 6)
W：Good afternoon, Sir. Can I help you
M：Good afternoon.⑦My wife is still on the way. She is late.
W：What time did you arrange to meet her, Mr Jones
M：Twenty minutes ago. Has our table been taken
W：No, no. ⑥Your table has been reserved. Even if people are late, I always reserve the table.
M：Oh, good. Thanks.
W：⑥Would you like to start your meal without her
M：No, I think I'll wait a little longer. She'll be here very soon.
(Text 7)
W：How do you like your new partner
M：Well, ⑧that stone-faced guy
W：What's the matter
M：Last time when I was on duty with him, ⑨I told one of my favorite jokes to ease the situation and to keep us active.
W：Did it work
M：Not at all. Can you imagine ⑩I split my sides with laughter while he kept his mouth shut tight with the “I don't see the humor in your joke” expression. And then I felt like I was a big laughing stock.
W：Maybe he didn't find it that humorous.
M：Impossible. No one can help but laugh at that joke. I bet he has no sense of humor at all.
(Text 8)
M： OK, Paula, our daughter's only nine months old, so she often wakes up. If she does, I would like you to go to the fridge and take out the bottle there and maybe try to give that to her, that'll stop her crying. Er, now make sure you pick her up very carefully, because, you know, she is only nine months old. OK
W：OK, look, you ... you can relax. I have a three-year-old sister and I've had quite a lot of experience looking after babies. She'll be OK with me.
M：Paula, well, you have our cell phone number. If anything goes wrong, you must call, OK
W：OK, I have had experience looking after babies and I can assure you that it will be all right. I know what I'm doing. Have a nice evening. Don't worry.
M：OK, thank you.
(Text 9)
M：Don't worry if others are doing the same thing, as long as you do a good job, which is all that matters. A good professor will grade all students fairly.
W：You really think so
M： Shakespeare has many works. You only have to choose a couple of them and talk about those.
W：I guess you are right. Do you have any advice on how to prepare a speech
M：First you need to select your topic. Have you done this yet
W：Yes, I have lots of information on Shakespeare.
M：Good. Next, you should do research on a specific topic. Do you have a deadline for which to turn in your speech topic
W：The deadline is next Tuesday. Oh, no， next Thursday.
M： So you should have a detailed outline of what you will say by then.
W：OK, so you think I should write out an outline of my speech
M：Of course!
(Text 10)
M：A study suggests that dirty air can reduce lung development. About one thousand seven hundred children from different communities in Southern California took part in the study. The scientists tested the children every year for eight years, starting at age ten. They say this is the longest study ever done on air pollution and the health of children. The scientists found that children who lived in areas with the dirtiest air were five times more likely to grow up with weak lungs. The damage from dirty air was as bad as that found in children with parents who smoke. Children with reduced lung power may suffer more severe effects from a common cold, for example. The doctors note that weak lung activity is the second leading cause of
early deaths among adults. The first is smoking. By the time people are eighteen, their lungs are fully developed, or close to it. The doctors say it is impossible to recover from any damage.
Researchers say they are still not sure how air pollution affects lung development. They believe that pollution affects the tiny air spaces where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Ⅱ. ——补全对话
Interviewer：David, what do you see as the main problems with the environment
David：Well, in a nutshell, the most urgent problem of all is the climate. 1
Interviewer：We've seen a lot of evidence of that, haven't we Hotter summers, warmer winters, that kind of thing.
David：Yes, we have. 2
Interviewer：We've heard that too. Is that really happening
David：Yes, I'm afraid it is. And at sometime in the future, the ice may melt completely. Then it's possible that the sea could rise and coastal cities like New York could disappear under water.
John： 3
David：I couldn't agree with you more. It's scary!
Interviewer：Can you explain why the climate's getting warmer
David：Well, I'll do my best! 4 Gases from cars enter the atmosphere and stop the sun's heat from leaving the atmosphere. And factories give out chemicals that do the same thing. So as a result, the climate is getting warmer.
Interviewer： 5
David：You're absolutely right. Carbon dioxide is the gas that does most damage to the atmosphere. But we have a problem with trees too. You see, trees give out oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. So they're very useful because they use up the carbon dioxide.
A．It sounds very frightening.
B．Also, scientists have found that the ice at the Poles is beginning to melt.
C．The world's climate seems to be getting warmer.
D．It's pollution that's the problem.
E．From what I understand, carbon dioxide from cars is a major problem.
答案：1～5 CBADE
Ⅲ. ——看图表达
1．What's the topic of the pictures above
The topic of the pictures above is about “Green Travel, Start with Me”.
2．Can you say something about how to have a green travel？(Answers may vary.)
Firstly, we can bring a garage bag when we travel, collect the garage carefully and throw it in the dustbin.Next, we should cultivate and cultured tourists, do as the regulations of the tourist attraction say and care of our own character. Finally, if we spot the behavior of the ecological destruction, then we must stand out and stop them if we can.Don't think that it's none of our business. In fact, environmental protection is relevant to everyone.
Ⅳ. ——阅读理解
A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world. They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. The scientists were surprised by what they found. They saw that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the Earth. More than 1 million plants and animal species will die out by 2050.
The head of the research team，Christ Thomas，who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University，said the results of their research were frightening. More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the Earth. It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere. But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now，we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing.
The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe，Australia，Central and South America，and South Africa. Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler. In flat areas，such as deserts，plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler，so they are in great danger of dying out. The scientists found many surprising things. For example，they found that half of the 24 species of butterfly they studied in Australia would soon disappear.
Questions：
1．According to this passage，global warming can be best described as ______ to many plants and animals.
A．deadly B．surprising
C．disappointing D．frightening
答案：A
2．What's the purpose of the research led by Christ Thomas
To study the effect of global warming on animals and plants.
3．What can be the best title of this passage
A．Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
B．Extinct Animals in the World
C．A frightening Discovery Concerning Global Warming
D．Disappearance of Butterflies
答案：C
4．Why do species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival
Because they can move to high altitude to get cooler.
Ⅴ. ——读后续写
阅读下面材料，运用“动作描写”微技能，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn't see some rain soon we would lose everything. It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and witnessed the best miracle I have ever seen in my life.
I was in the kitchen making lunch for the family when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. I could only see his back. He wasn't walking with his usual steps. He was obviously walking with great effort ... trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house. I went back to make sandwiches, thinking that whatever he had been doing was completed. Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods, then running back to the house. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked; being very careful not to spill (溅出) the water he held in them. I stepped close as he went into the woods. Branches and thorns slapped his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He might have a much greater purpose, I thought. As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight. Several large deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them, at the sight of which I almost screamed for him to get away. A huge buck (雄鹿) was dangerously close. But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lifting its head with great effort to lap (舔) up the water cupped in my boy's hands.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house. _______
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen. _________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house. I followed him back to the tap. Billy turned it on and began to cup both hands. He knelt down, letting the drip slowly fill up his “cup”. And now I knew what was going on. Obviously, he was afraid of being scolded for wasting water, so he avoided asking me for help. When he stood up and turned back, I walked toward him. His eyes were filled with tears. “Mom, I'm not wasting.”
Paragraph 2：
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen. I let him tend to the baby deer alone while I just helped fetch the water. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops ... and more drops ... and more. I looked up at the sky. I can't believe it was raining!
“单元验收评价”见“单元验收评价（一）—（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共6张PPT)
Starting out—开篇·把握单元目标
单元素养解读
一、语言能力
听 培养从听力中获取关键信息的能力；能够听懂并谈论与环保有关的话题。
说 就环境保护或动物保护话题，用英语表达自己的观点；能够在对话需要时有礼貌地打断对方。
读 能够理解与环保有关的文章内容。
写 能够写环保倡议书并开展碳足迹调研。
看 观看环保主题公益广告的视频和环保主题漫画，能够通过描述视频与漫画等方式，用英语分析和探讨问题，表述观点。
二、文化意识
能够了解全球共同面临的环境问题，以及部分地区面临的具体环保问题；能够了解先进的环保理念，增强环保意识，践行绿色生活方式。
三、思维品质
能够正确判断文章中人物的观点和态度；能够对现有观点和假设进行质疑，并做出理性的判断和选择；能够联系自身，实现知识与思维能力的迁移。
四、学习能力
能够通过了解各种环境问题，并通过调研和学习尝试提出解决方案，激发英语学习的兴趣；能够多渠道获取英语学习资源；能够选择恰当的策略与方法，监控、评价、反思和调整自己的学习内容和进程。
单元主题引入
Watch the video and answer the following questions.
1．Why are about 25,000 trees cut down each day according to the video
Just to make toilet paper.
2．What's the natural rate of extinction about plants and animals
Each day, about 150—200 species of plants and animals become extinct.
3．Why are over 1 million animals killed each year according to the video
Ocean pollution leads to over 1 million animals being killed each year.
4．How many years can a plastic bottle take to break down How many people can't access clean drinking water
A plastic bottle can take 450 years to break down and 1 billion people don't have clean drinking water.
5．What has happened to the ice caps
The ice caps are more than 50% thinner than they were 40 years ago.
6．What should we do now
It's time for us to take action now and make our planet a greener and safer place.(共61张PPT)
Understanding ideas—读思·发展思维品质
课时目标
1.通过略读，获取目标信息。
2.理清作者的观点和写作意图，理解课文信息。
3.运用批判性思维分析课文，形成对文章主题思想的理解。
4.基于课文内容联系生活实际，发表自己的意见和观点。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．shark n． 鲨(鱼)
2．fin v. 切去(鱼的)鳍
n. 鱼鳍
3．dive v. (通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1．_____ v. 使(某人)惊恐，吓唬
2．________ v. 把……作为目标
3．_______ n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度
scare
target
attitude
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1．__________ adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortune n．财富；命运；运气→misfortune n．不幸；厄运
2．_________ n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的；消亡了的→extinctive adj.使消灭的
3．__________ adj.害怕的；受惊的→frightening adj.引起恐惧的；使惊恐的，骇人的→frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→fright n．恐怖；惊吓
4．_____ n．痛苦；疼痛→_______ adj.令人疼痛的；痛苦的→_________ adv.痛苦地；使人疼痛地
fortunately
extinction
frightened
pain
painful
painfully
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1．_______ 由于，因为
2．__________ 错误地
3．______________ ……的数量
4．_________ 切断；中断；剪掉
5．______________ 扔回
6．_______ 恐惧
due to
by mistake
the number of
cut off
throw back into
in fear
7．__________________________ 对……有……影响
8．___________ (偶然)遇见；无意中发现
9．___________ 而不是
10．_________ 把……看作……
11．__________________________ 害怕
12．________________ 保护……免受……伤害
have a(n) ．.. effect on/upon
come across
rather than
see ... as ...
be scared/frightened/afraid of
protect ...from ...
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea. (see sb./sth. doing sth.“看到某人/物正在做某事”)
我们看到一个女人夜晚在漆黑的海水里游泳。
写佳句 The teacher __________________________ his bag behind on the first day.
第一天老师就看见那个顽皮的男孩把他的书包拖在后面。
saw the naughty boy dragging
悟原句 Jaws was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. (现在分词短语作结果状语)
电影《大白鲨》大获成功，吸引了大量观众并赢得了众多奖项。
写佳句 The global warming is becoming worse and worse,_____________________.
全球变暖日益严重，影响着我们的日常生活。
2.
affecting our daily life
悟原句 This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. (not only ...but also ...“不仅……而且……”)
这不仅仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。
写佳句 Jim has _________________________________________________ helped his classmates.
吉姆不仅成功地完成了自己的工作，而且还帮助了他的同学。
3.
not only successfully completed his own work, but also
悟原句 In 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight. (be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事，这时……”)
1980年，本奇利在潜水的时候看到了可怕的一幕。
写佳句 The children ________________________________________ it began to rain.
孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时下起了雨。
4.
were playing football on the playground when
悟原句 Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks ... (not every表示部分否定)
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼……
写佳句 _______________ can answer the question.
并不是每个人都能回答这个问题。
5.
Not everyone
第一遍 泛读通文意
SHARKS：DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED
1 We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea. Suddenly, she is pulled underwater.She surfaces, cries in fear，then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack. It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers. Jaws was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It strengthened people's long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
2 People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse.It made people frightened of sharks，especially of the great white shark.Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. Other people started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed. People just wanted them killed.
3 After 1975, the number of large sharks around America fell quickly, and soon fell around the world. This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off. The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and painfully.The fins are used in shark fin soup. Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
4 Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley, the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. In 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight. It was an area where fishermen were finning, and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks. Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him. He came to see people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round. From that day on, he fought to protect sharks. He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks' behaviour. “Sharks don't target humans，” he said. Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food, and they attack us by mistake. Only around six people are killed by sharks every year.
5 Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.
[参考译文]
鲨鱼：危险动物还是濒危动物？
我们看到一个女人夜晚在漆黑的海水里游泳。突然，她被什么东西拖到了水下。她挣扎着露出水面，发出惊恐的尖叫，然后就彻底消失了。这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的开场画面，呈现了鲨鱼攻击人类的一幕。电影讲述了一只大白鲨袭击并杀死游泳者的故事。电影大获成功，吸引了大量观众并赢得了众多奖项。这部电影也加深了人们对大白鲨的固有印象：这是一种危险的动物。
句 现在分词作定语，修饰the opening scene。
句 that引导的定语从句，修饰a great white shark，关系代词that在从句中作主语，不可省略。
句 现在分词短语作结果状语。
[句式释解]
人类本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》加深了这种恶劣印象，让人们对鲨鱼，特别是大白鲨，心生恐惧。许多看过电影的人开始相信，鲨鱼是吃人的有害动物。由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。而另外一些人则开始无所顾忌地捕杀鲨鱼。当时，没人在意鲨鱼是否被杀，也没人在意杀了多少。人们认为鲨鱼死有余辜。
句 made people frightened是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，形容词化的过去分词frightened作宾语补足语。
句 who引导的定语从句，修饰people。
句 that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词animals，that在从句中作主语。
句 现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
[句式释解]
1975年之后，在美国附近海域里，大型鲨鱼的数量迅速下降，这一趋势很快蔓延到全球。这不仅仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。采割鱼鳍是一种渔猎活动，人们捕到鲨鱼后将鱼鳍割下，鲨鱼被扔回海中缓慢而痛苦地死去，割下的鱼鳍用来做鱼翅汤。每年有数百万的鲨鱼因此丧命。
句 not only ...but also ...意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列的成分。
句 动名词finning作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。定语从句where sharks are caught ...修饰a type of fishing。
[句式释解]
鱼鳍采割活动对《大白鲨》电影的原著作者——彼得·本奇利产生了出乎意料的影响。1980年，本奇利在潜水的时候看到了可怕的一幕：渔民们正在这片海域采割鲨鱼的鱼鳍，海底遍布着鲨鱼的尸体。本奇利亲眼目睹鲨鱼被杀，这引起了他内心的深刻转变。他意识到人类才是鲨鱼的威胁，而鲨鱼并非人类的敌人。从那天起，他开始为保护鲨鱼而努力。他承认自己书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是不正确的。“鲨鱼并不以人类为攻击目标。”他说。专家们也已经证明鲨鱼不会将人类视为食物，它们对人类的攻击都是无意的。每年因鲨鱼攻击致死的人数在六人左右。
句 the man 作Peter Benchley的同位语，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the man；the film Jaws was based on作the book的定语，省略了关系代词that/which。
句 be doing sth.when ...意为“正在做某事，这时……”，when用作并列连词。
[句式释解]
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。时至今日，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的加深，越来越多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。
句 not everyone意为“并不是所有人”，表示部分否定。
句 as引导的时间状语从句，as表示“随着”。
[句式释解]
第二遍 精读提素养
步骤一先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么
What's the main idea of this passage
A．The film Jaws was a great success.
B．Sharks are dangerous and also endangered.
C．The reason why the number of sharks is decreasing.
D．The ways to protect the sharks.
答案：B
步骤二再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的
阅读文章第1、2段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)What's the consequence of Jaws' success
People see the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
(2)Why are people frightened of sharks
Because they believe sharks eat humans.
(3)Which of the following was led to by the film
A．Many sharks were killed for fin.
B．People are no longer afraid of sharks.
C．Most of people stop swimming in the sea.
D．People believe sharks are horrible animals.
答案：D
2．表达的技巧
(1)第一段第二句中的suddenly用得形象又恰到好处，增加了语句描述的恐怖气氛。
试翻译下面的句子：
Suddenly, he jumped up from the chair.
突然他从椅子上跳起来。
(2)第一段第六句中的huge audiences和 many awards形式对称，huge和many重复强调数量之多，从而凸显了《大白鲨》这部电影取得了巨大成功。另外句中的success意为“成功的人(或事物)”，为抽象名词具体化，其前需加冠词；success表示“成功”时为不可数名词。
试补全下面的句子：
①Taking everything into consideration,__________________________.
总的说来，这项活动非常成功。
②Failure is____________________.
失败是成功之母。
(3)第二段最后一句中使用了副词just，形象地说明了人们认为鲨鱼死有余辜的错误意识。just用来加强程度，常见的程度性副词有：much, little, very, rather, so, too, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, even等。
试翻译下面的句子：
We even know nothing about what to do next.
我们甚至不知道下一步该做什么。
the event was a great success
the mother of success
阅读文章第3～5段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)Write T (true) or F (false).
①The climate change caused the number of large sharks to fall quickly. ( )
②The horrible sight he caught when he was diving has changed Peter Benchley's opinion about sharks. ( )
(2)Nowadays, what is people's attitude towards protecting sharks
A．Neutral. B．Indifferent.
C．Disapproval. D．Favorable.
答案：D
F
T
(3)Where is the passage most likely from
A．A diary. B．A guide book.
C．A novel. D．A magazine.
答案：D
2．表达的技巧
(1)第三段第一句中使用方式副词quickly作状语，修饰动词fell，说明鲨鱼数量下降得很快。第四句中方式副词painfully修饰动词die，说明鲨鱼死得很痛苦。方式副词的运用可以让句子的描述更加形象生动。
试翻译下面的句子：
She climbed the staircase cautiously, holding fast to the rail.
她紧紧地抓着栏杆，小心翼翼地爬楼梯。
(2)第四段第五句中的“rather than the other way round”照应前半句中的“see people as a danger to sharks”，表达简洁又暗含强烈的谴责之意。
步骤三读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑
课文标题“SHARKS: DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED？”直接点明了本文要讨论的主题。本文语篇类型为说明文，课文围绕“鲨鱼是危险的动物还是濒危动物”这一问题展开讨论，引发人们对保护海洋动物这一话题的关注。本文结构为“分—总”结构，文章第一段和第二段旨在说明电影《大白鲨》加深了人们对鲨鱼是危险动物这一固有印象。人们开始更害怕鲨鱼。文章第三、四段介绍了由于人们对鲨鱼的恐惧和鱼鳍采割活动，鲨鱼的数量开始急剧下降，电影的原著作者看到了鱼鳍采割这一幕，开始承认自己书中对鲨鱼行为描述有误。文章最后一段告知现实，越来越多的人愿意去保护鲨鱼，从而引发人们对海洋生物的保护。
阅读技巧：聚焦本文题目中的关键词dangerous和endangered，快速浏览全文，获得目标信息，同时理清作者的观点和写作意图。然后尝试独立完成对文章结构的梳理，画出结构图。在此基础上运用批判性思维分析课文，做到深刻理解本文主题思想，并结合生活实际，发表自己的观点和意见。
步骤四最后知选文意图，思有何价值
树立保护动植物和环境意识
文中提到了“Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.”，旨在引导学生正确认识人与动植物的关系，帮助学生正确认识动植物和环境对人类生存的重要性，培养学生自觉保护动植物和环境的意识。当前，人们的许多活动严重威胁着动植物的生命安全，很多野生动植物正在走向灭绝。例如课文中提到人们用割下的鱼鳍做鱼翅汤，导致每年有数百万的鲨鱼因此丧命。为了保护濒危野生动物，科学家们正在努力探索。包括青少年学生在内的所有人都应更新观念，从自身做起，了解和掌握保护野生动植物及环境的措施和方法，明白保护野生生物及环境就是保护我们人类自己。文章以此来立意，符合时代要求。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①It is everyone's duty to protect animals.
保护动物，人人有责。
②When the buying stops, the killing can too.—Wild Aid
没有买卖就没有杀害。——野生动物救援
③Love animals, and love our common world.
关爱动物，关爱我们共同的世界。
第一板块 单词和短语——点点清
1．People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.
人类本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》加深了这种恶劣印象。
★scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬
[用法感知]
①Last night the sudden thunder scared the children.
昨天晚上，突然的雷声吓着了那些孩子。
②They managed to scare the bear away/off with a torch.
他们设法用火把把熊吓跑了。
③Having made mistakes, he is scared of facing his strict teacher. 他犯了错，不敢去面对严厉的老师。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Seeing many cars going up and down the street, the boys were scared _______ (cross) the street.
⑤It was the high price that scared the possible buyers ________.
⑥The silence in the dark building was ______ (scare). No sound and voice was heard at that moment.
⑦She tries to _________________ behaving well.
她试图恐吓那个孩子让其守规矩。
to cross
away/off
scary
scare the child into
2．This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning.
这不仅仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。
★due to由于，因为
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作) Due to the best efforts of the doctors, he was finally saved.
由于医生们的全力抢救，他终于得救了。
②Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。
③The money is due to me, but I haven't got it yet.
那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。
归纳点拨 (1)due adj. 预期的；预计的；到期的；应给的
(2)be due to do sth. 预期做某事；预定要做某事
be due to sb. 应支付/应给予某人……
be due for sth. 应有某物；应得到某物
联想发散 表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：because of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of, as a/in consequence of, on account of等。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Due __ the wrong route they took，they spent more time than expected getting to the destination.
⑤The bus was due ________ (arrive) at 5 pm, but it arrived one hour late due to __________ (hold) up by the heavy fog.
⑥The team's success __________________________.
该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
to
to arrive
being held
was largely due to her efforts
3．Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。
★fortunately adv.幸运地
[用法感知]
①Fortunately, the rain stopped before we started to have a picnic outside.
幸运的是，我们动身去外面野餐前雨停了。
②I feel fortunate having/to have such a friend.
我有这样的朋友，真是幸运。
③Many of us are fortunate to be here with family.
我们中很多人都很幸运，能够在这里和家人们在一起。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It was fortunate ____ he had left the house before the fire broke out.
⑤I was late, but ____________ (fortunate) the class hadn't started.
⑥_____________ (fortunate), I hurt my knee when I fell down on the ice.
⑦I ____________________ such a good teacher to teach me English.
我很幸运有这样一位好老师教我英语。
4．Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.
用文章中的单词和表达来完成表明(人们)对鲨鱼的态度是如何变化的图表。
★attitude n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度
that
fortunately
Unfortunately
was fortunate to have
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作) Attitude is everything!
态度决定一切！
②Keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.
保持积极的态度，好事就会发生。
③He's an easy-going, friendly young man with a casual sort of attitude towards/to other things.
他是个随和、友善的年轻人，不太在意其他事情。
attitude to/towards ... 对……的态度/看法
have/take a good/bad attitude to/towards ... 对……持好的/坏的态度
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④What is your attitude ____________ senior high students taking up a part-time job
⑤He __________________________ his homework.
他对家庭作业的态度不端正。
towards/to
has a bad attitude to/towards
第二板块 句式和语法——句句通
1．We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.
我们看到一个女人夜晚在漆黑的海水里游泳。
[感知将学语法]
本句中现在分词短语swimming at night in a dark sea作宾语补足语，a woman和swim之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词的主动形式。
①It's amazing how often you see drivers using mobile phones. (现在分词短语作宾语补足语)
常常看到司机在使用手机，这是令人惊讶的。
②He found his hometown greatly changed. (过去分词changed作宾语补足语)
他发现他的家乡变化很大。
③He didn't wish it mentioned. (过去分词mentioned作宾语补足语)
他不愿这事被提起。
2．In 1980，Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.
1980年，本奇利在潜水的时候看到了可怕的一幕。
be doing ... when ... “正在做……这时……”。when 在本句中是并列连词，连接并列句，意为“这时”，相当于“and at that/this time”。when用作并列连词时常用的句型还有：
be about to do/be on the point of doing ... when ... 正要做……这时……
had just/hardly done ... when ... 刚做了……这时……
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (完成句子/句型转换)
①I ____________ along the street ______ I heard my name called.
我正在街上散步，这时听到有人喊我的名字。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Hardly __________________ the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
我们刚到农场，就看见许多桔子挂在树枝上。
③I _______________ my homework ______ my mother asked me to practise playing the piano.
昨天我刚完成我的作业，我妈妈就让我练习弹钢琴。
④We were about to leave for home when we were asked to practice singing.
→We were _________________________________ we were asked to practice singing.
was walking
when
had we arrived at
had just finished
when
on the point of leaving for home when
3．Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。
本句中的not everyone为部分否定。
(1)当否定词not与all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, always, completely, whole, entirely, altogether等代词、形容词和副词连用时，构成部分否定，表示“并不都，并非都”的意思。
(2)全部否定用：no one, none, neither, nobody, nothing。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (完成句子/句型转换)
①________ is wrong with your computer.
你的电脑没一点儿问题。
②____________ has paid a visit to the small town.
他们中没有人参观过这个小镇。
③____________________ have read the book.
不是所有的学生都读过这本书。
Nothing
None of them
Not all of the students
④Every boy is not interested in sports.
→_____________ is interested in sports.
并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。
⑤As far as I know, not both of them smoke.
→As far as I know，_______________________.
据我所知，他们俩不都抽烟。
Not every boy
both of them don't smoke
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I told him how ______ (害怕的) I was of being on my own.
2．The application _________ (把……作为目标) young people.
3．I don't know how to ____ (潜水) under the water.
4．___________ (幸运的是), the whole family had survived the serious car accident.
5．As you get older, your __________ (态度) towards life changes.
6．A ______ (鲨鱼) is a fish, but it has many differences from a fish.
scared
targets
dive
Fortunately
attitude
shark
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We have to take measures to ___________ (strength) our competitiveness (竞争力).
2．She had come _______ (like) the new teacher over the months.
3．Nowadays many school children devote their spare time to _______ (play) football.
4．Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents _____ (be) fond of watching romantic comedies.
5．She has been absent from work due __ her illness for weeks，which makes her boss worried.
strengthen
to like
playing
are
to
6．The advertisement ____________ (target) on the old and it is a great success.
7．An ________ (adopt)child may want to find out about his/her biological parents.
8．The new plan came into use，which would have a great effect __________ people's daily life.
9．I cut ____ the electricity in time.Otherwise there would have been a danger.
10．The earthquake did damage __ the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.
is targeted
adopted
on/upon
off
to
due to， come across， have an effect on， refer to， cut off， at that time， the number of，millions of， rather than， by mistake
Ⅲ.选词填空
1． ______________ deaths from this disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.
2．He donated __________ dollars to charity.
3．I took another passenger's luggage ___________ on the bus yesterday.
4．A recent survey suggests that such women find more joy from relationships, ___________ successful careers.
The number of
millions of
by mistake
rather than
5．The theory was so complex (复杂的) that few people could understand it ___________.
6．The water supply has been ______ for several days in the city.
7．The school was reconstructed _______ many people's donation.
8．The new law does not ________ land for farming.
9．Think of the movies, books, friends and teachers that ________________ you.
10．When you __________ new words you don't know while reading, you can look them up in the dictionary.
at that time
cut off
due to
refer to
have an effect on
come across
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．There is no doubt that ______________________________.
毫无疑问，并不是每一个人都同意这项计划。
2．This illness __________________ my life and I missed a lot of schooling.
这种病对我的生活有很大的影响，我错过了很多教育。
3．The sudden scream coming from behind _________________.
突然从后面传来的尖叫把我吓得要死。
not everyone agrees to this plan
had a great effect on
scared me to death
4．After coming to power, the man ___________________________________.
这个人当权后把他的大部分时间用于社会工作。
5．They are _____________________________________________ patient and understanding.
他们不仅经验丰富、知识渊博，而且还有耐心、善解人意。
devoted most of his time to society work
not only experienced and knowledgeable but also
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Jaws，1._________ (attract) huge audiences and winning many awards，tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers. It misled people to see sharks 2.___ horrible animals，which made more sharks 3.______ (kill).
Besides this, because of finning, 4.____ number of large sharks around America fell quickly，and soon fell around the world. In 1980，Peter Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Jaws 5.__________ (base) on came across the awful sight 6.______ the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks' 7.___________ (behave) and began to fight to protect sharks.
attracting
as
killed
the
was based
where
behavio(u)r
8. ___________ (fortunate), more and more people became interested in 9.______________ (understand) sharks and began to protect them from 10.__________ (extinct).
Fortunately
understanding
extinction
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共54张PPT)
Using language—运用·提升语言能力
课时目标
1.识别现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的用法，理解其补充说明宾语的作用，在此基础上能够初步运用。
2.运用相关词汇和语法结构讨论全球变暖问题，并提出可行的解决方案。
3.运用话题词汇谈论空气污染问题，并能够根据需要有礼貌地打断别人。
语法项目——现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
I heard an old song ①sung last week, but I didn't remember its title. Just when I passed by the store, I heard it ②being sung again. In the square outside the store I also saw many people ③dancing to the music. The song was so sweet that it got me ④involved in it. But the square was too noisy, and I had to raise my voice to make myself ⑤heard.
①过去分词作宾语补足语，与其逻辑主语song之间存在动宾关系。
②现在分词短语作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语为it，表示被动，用现在分词的被动式。
③现在分词短语作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语为people。
④过去分词作宾语补足语，与其逻辑主语me之间存在动宾关系。
⑤过去分词作宾语补足语，与其逻辑主语myself之间存在动宾关系。
续表
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、现在分词作宾语补足语
[先感知]
①I felt somebody standing behind me.
②I saw the little boy crying there.
③We kept the fire burning all night long.
④I won't have you running about in the room.
⑤I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
⑥I heard an English song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday.
⑦With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
[会发现]
以上七个句子中的现在分词(短语)都作____________。
[明规则]
(1)现在分词分为主动式(doing)和被动式(being done)。现在分词的主动式(doing)表示宾语是正在进行的动作的执行者，两者之间为逻辑上的主动关系；而现在分词的被动式(being done)表示宾语是正在进行的动作的承受者，两者之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
宾语补足语
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语的用法：
①表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等＋sb.＋doing sth.(作宾语补足语)，表示动作正在进行。如句①、②、⑤、⑥。
②表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have，let，keep，get, leave等＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.(作宾语补足语)，意为“使……处于某种状态”。如句③、④。
③现在分词在介词with后作宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，with＋名词/代词＋doing(作宾语补足语)。如句⑦。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice _______ (call) him.
②If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _________ (move) against your face.
③A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _________ (smoke) in the kitchen.
④If she catches you _________ (read) her diary, she'll be angry.
⑤I couldn't do my homework with all that noise ______ (go) on.
calling
moving
smoking
reading
going
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
[先感知]
①He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched.
②Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
③They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
④When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
⑤The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
⑥The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
[会发现]
以上六个句子中的过去分词(短语)都作____________。
[明规则]
(1)过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，或表示一个被动的动作。补足语和宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。句子由主动变为被动时，宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语。
(2)过去分词作宾语补足语的用法：
①过去分词常用在表状态的keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。如句①。
宾语补足语
②过去分词常用在使役动词have，get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使……被；让别人做某事”，不过“have＋宾语＋过去分词”还有“遭遇到某种不幸”之意。
在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。如句③。
③感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，也可用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示该动作与宾语之间是动宾关系或该动作已经完成。
④表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect，order等后接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示命令或希望某件事被完成。
⑤过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①I need a new passport so I will have to ________________________.
我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。
②The next morning people _____________ outside their houses completely __________.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
③John received an invitation to dinner, and ____________________ he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
have my photograph taken
found the world
changed
with his work finished,
根据汉语提示补全语段
1．__________________________________ (随着全球变暖越来越严重), more people choose to live a low-carbon life for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gases. As students, we have the responsibility to change our lifestyle to fit in with the world better. The following are some small things that may lead to great improvement of the environment.
In our daily life, we often 2.______________________________ (发现很多人洗衣服) using washing machine. So we'd better wash clothes by hand, which can conserve water effectively. Besides, 3.__________________________ (不要让水流着) while we brush our teeth. In addition, I suggest everyone bring shopping bags
With the global warming getting worse
find many people washing clothes
don't leave the water running
when going to the supermarket, thus making the surroundings clean with less white pollution. Eventually, 4._______________________________________________ (随着空气污染变得越来越严重), it is urgent for us to go to school on foot or by bicycle.
Let's take action from now on.We believe, 5._____________________________
_____________________________ (对环境保护给予足够的重视), we will have a more beautiful tomorrow.
with the air pollution becoming more and more severe
with enough importance attached
to the environmental protection
1．Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.
现在，她是一位致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。
★devote v．致力，献身，倾注
[用法感知]
①He devotes himself to his sick wife.
他专心照顾着他生病的妻子。
②All his life was devoted to helping those who needed to be helped.
他一生致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人。
③We're moved by his devotion to his students.
我们被他对学生的热爱所感动。
(1)devote oneself/one's life/money/energy to (doing) ...
把自己/一生/金钱/精力奉献给(用于)……
(2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的
be devoted to 忠诚于，专心致力于
(3)devotion n. 挚爱；忠诚；奉献
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Mrs White, a ________ friend of mine, _________ all her energy to her career and her __________ to children made us vote for her.Finally, she was promoted to headmistress. (devote)
⑤Neighbors _______________________________ others rebuild.
邻居们贡献出他们的空闲时间去帮助其他人重建(房子)。
2．In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity.
近年来，我们看到了大面积的湿地被人类活动破坏。
★damage v．破损，损害，损伤
devoted
devoted
devotion
devoted their spare time to helping
[用法感知]
①Drinking and smoking can damage your health.
饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。
②The storm did a great deal of damage to the old houses.
暴风雨给旧房屋造成了严重的损坏。
归纳点拨 do/cause damage to ... 对……造成损害
cause serious damage to ... 对……造成严重的破坏
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
轻巧识记
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③It is estimated that _________________________________.
据估计，损失超过了一百万美元。
④The accident ____________________ the car.
这次事故让这辆车损坏得很严重。
the damage is over one million dollars
did a lot of damage to
[易混辨析] damage, ruin, destroy
damage 指价值、用途、外表等部分的损坏，尚可修复
ruin 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义，表示毁灭某人或某人的希望等
destroy 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，导致不能或很难修复
选择上述单词填空
⑤The earthquake __________ almost the whole town.
⑥You'll ____ your health if you go on like this.
⑦The car was only slightly _________ in the accident.
destroyed
ruin
damaged
3．We've also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes, which affect the water supply downstream.
我们也看到了由于这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这影响到了下游供水。
★affect vt.影响；打动；(疾病)侵袭
①(以文化人助写作) During the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, I was deeply affected by the courage of the medical staff.
在2020年爆发的新冠肺炎疫情期间，医务人员的勇敢深深地打动了我。
②Optimism has a positive effect on people's physical and mental health, of which I'm very convinced.
乐观主义对人们的身心健康有着积极的影响，对此我深信不疑。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③He didn't attend the conference because he __________ (affect) with high fever.
④Too much smoking and drinking ________ (affect) him greatly, which meant bad living habits had an effect ___ his health.
⑤We want to know whether the drug ______________ people's health.
我们想知道这种药对人们的健康是否有影响。
was affected
affected
on
has an effect on
4．This includes keeping the original environment from being touched，as well as adopting new, sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.
这包括保持原始环境不被破坏，以及采用新的、可持续的方式喂养农场动物。
★adopt v．采取(某种方法)；采纳；收养
[用法感知]
①The schools must adopt new methods of teaching foreign languages.
学校应采用新的外语教学法。
②She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman adopted her.
她成了孤儿，一位贫困的农妇收养了她。
③The adoption of the new technology improved the production.
新技术的采用增加了产量。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
④She treated her ________ (adopt) son as if he were her own.
⑤If you can not have children of your own, why not consider _________ (adopt)？
adopted
adoption
名师点津 adopt与adapt是形近词，在书写时，注意区别，切莫混淆。adapt意为“使……适应；改写，改编”。
语境串记 The young couple had no children of their own, so they adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life.
这对年轻夫妇没有自己的孩子，于是他们领养了一名孤儿。几个月过后，这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。
5.Reduce waste by choosing reusable products — get a reusable water bottle, for example.
通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费——例如，买一个可重复使用的水瓶。
★reduce v．减少，降低
[用法感知]
①Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snacks between meals and will improve the taste of food.
膳食中有足够的脂肪和盐会减少两餐间吃零食的欲望，并会提高你的食欲。
②It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.
由于大雾，司机不得不把车速减到每小时40千米。
③If you buy more than ten, they will reduce the price by 10 percent. 如果你买10个以上，他们就会把价格降低10%。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④We will make a _________ (reduce) for you if you buy in bulk.
⑤The new bridge can reduce travelling time from 50 minutes __ 15 minutes.
⑥Though the price of the house has been __________ 10%, we can't afford it either.
尽管房价下降了10%，我们还是买不起。
[名师点津] reduce和介词to搭配时，后接具体数字，与by搭配时，通常接百分数或具体数字，有类似用法的还有decrease, increase, rise等。
reduction
to
reduced by
教材为基——课内听力4遍过
Step 1 过词块(英汉互译)
1．______________ 空气污染
2．____________ 随意；随便
3．__________ 在19世纪
4．______________ 犯了一个错误
5．suffer from _______________
6．according to ________________________________
7．as a result of ____________________
8．taking measures ____________
air pollution
feel free to
in the 1800s
made a mistake
遭受；受……之苦
根据(……所说)；按照(……所报道)
由于；作为……的结果
采取措施
Step 2 过句式(完成句子)
1．London was one of the cities ____________________________. 伦敦是烟雾造成严重问题的城市之一。
2．The problem ________________________ so thick smog covered the city.
问题是没有风，因此浓雾笼罩着城市。
3．Nowadays, smog still exists, but is produced by chemicals _________________
_____________.
如今，烟雾仍然存在，但是，是由来自交通和工厂的化学物质产生的。
where smog caused big problems
was that there was no wind,
coming from traffic
and factories
Step 3 过关键信息[判断正(T)误(F)]
1．The term “smog” was first used in the 1800s. ( )
2．The reason why London suffered from smog in 1952 was that a great deal of coal was burned. ( )
3．About 3,000 died from the smog in London. ( )
4．Smog does not exist in London now. ( )
5．Governments are taking measures to reduce smog. ( )
F
T
F
F
T
Step 4 过文意理解(听力填空)
请根据所听到的内容，完成下列题目(每空最多填2个词)。该对话听两遍。
Smog
Smog in the past · In the 1900s ：The term “smog” was ①_____ used.
·In December 1952: London ②_____________ “The Great Smog” because of burning too much coal and no wind, which caused about ③_______ deaths.
Smog in the present ·The smog is produced by ④__________ coming from traffic and factories.
·Measures are being taken, such as factories must ⑤______ rules about using ⑥_________ and sometimes people have to ⑦_____ to drive in the city centre.
first
suffered from
4,000
chemicals
follow
chemicals
pay
知能为先——必备知能一站明
“礼貌地打断别人”常见表达
1．I'm sorry, may I interrupt you a few seconds
很抱歉，我能打断你一下吗？
2．If you don't mind, may I say a word here
如果你不介意的话，我可以在这儿说上一句吗？
3．Excuse me for interrupting you.
对不起打断你说话了。
4．Just a moment please, I want to say something about the issue.
请稍等，我想就这个问题说明一下。
5．I'm sorry to interrupt but you're needed (on the phone/in the office/in the classroom/etc.)．
很抱歉打扰你，但是有人找你(打电话/在办公室/在教室/等等)。
6．Sorry for the interruption. It's Jim / Peter / Mary on the phone.
对不起，打扰了。吉姆/彼得/玛丽来电话了。
7．Pardon me, I have John on the phone.
对不起，我正在和约翰通话。
8．I'm sorry to interrupt, but this will only take a minute.
很抱歉打断你，但这只需要一分钟。
9．I apologize for the interruption, but I have an important question.
抱歉打断你的对话，但我有一个重要的问题。
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the man encouraging the woman to do
A．Recycle.
B．Use less glass.
C．Throw the glass away.
2．What does the woman mean
A．The sea is getting smaller.
B．The sea is being polluted.
C．The sea is getting cleaner.
3．What are they talking about
A．Coughing. B．Pollution. C．The government.
4．What do the speakers most possibly do
A．Use less plastics.
B．Cut plastics out of life.
C．Collect plastics in the ocean.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Health. B．Education. C．Environment.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6．What is mentioned first as a cause of pollution
A．Buses. B．Cars. C．Factories.
7．According to the woman, what is making the rivers too dirty to swim in
A．Household waste.
B．Chemical waste.
C．Waste water from factories.
8．What can we do to get more people to take buses
A．Improve the bus service.
B．Charge less.
C．Both A and B.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9．What's the passage mainly about
A．Air pollution.
B．Road accidents.
C．Problems caused by vehicles.
10．What can cause heart disease and high blood pressure according to the passage
A．The noise of the traffic.
B．Traffic jams.
C．Air pollution.
11．How many problems are mentioned in the passage
A．3. B．4. C．5.
答案：1～5 ABBAC
6～8 BCC
9～11 CAB
听力材料：
(Text 1)
M：What are you doing with that bottle Don't you care about the environment
W：I'm just throwing it away because I can't recycle it.
M：Of course you can. ①You can reuse all glass bottles.
(Text 2)
W：Have you seen the sea
M：Of course I have! It's all around us.
W：No! ②I mean, have you seen how dirty the water is It looks as if it isn't clean enough to swim here.
(Text 3)
W：The air is so polluted that it is like a quilt over a city. People are coughing.
M：③It will get worse unless the government takes measures to stop the pollution.
(Text 4)
M：We hear so much about the consequences of having too much waste plastic around us, don't we
W：Indeed, not only does it cause a mess, but also wildlife, particularly ocean animals are at risk when they eat it.
M：Can't agree more! ④We should use plastics as little as possible.
(Text 5)
M：I wonder if our children will still be able to breathe clean air, drink clean water and see a blue sky.
W：Yes. ⑤I think it's time that man learned to live in harmony with the earth instead of destroying it.
(Text 6)
M：I can't believe how polluted the air is. I can hardly breathe.
W：Yeah. Pollution is hanging in a cloud over the city today.
M：Mm. It's terrible. The air would be cleaner if people stopped driving and started taking buses.
W：Well, that would help. ⑥But I don't think cars are the only problem.
M：What else do you think causes pollution, then
W：Well, for one thing, factories pollute the air a lot. Dirt and smoke are coming from factories and spoiling the air. Waste from factories is polluting the rivers, too.
M：I think so, too.
W：⑦And waste water from factories is making the rivers too dirty to swim in or get water from.
M：Yeah, that's quite true. However, we can't close down the factories, but people can drive less.
W：Sure, but how can you get people to do that
M：Well, to begin with, ⑧I'd improve the bus service and I'd charge less, too.
W：That's a good idea. I wish the city would do that.
(Text 7)
In my country, ⑨many cities are obviously affected by the large number of vehicles on the roads. For example, one problem is air pollution. In the towns and cities, the air pollution is very serious. There are large numbers of people suffering from respiratory diseases, in particular, children and the elderly are being affected by the poisonous fume from cars and bus exhausts. ⑩ The noise of the traffic is a problem too, as it causes loss of sleep and high levels of stress, which in turn leads to health problems, such as heart disease and high blood pressure. Traffic jams also cause stress and they waste a great deal of time as people spend their time sitting in traffic jams. Road accidents are, of course,
another problem, because they result in injuries and even death. All in all, too many vehicles on our roads are causing a variety of health problems. And because people are unable to work while they are ill and the government has to spend money on health care, on roads and on policing the roads, the economy of the whole country is being affected negatively.
?加练新题型
听力填空(再听第7段材料两遍，完成下面的题目)
Problems from vehicles Causes Results
1.____________ Car and bus exhausts. Respiratory diseases.
The noise of the traffic Noise from vehicles causes 2.___ of sleep and high levels of stress. Health problems such as heart disease and high 3.____________.
Air pollution
loss
blood pressure
Traffic jams and 4.____________ Too many vehicles on the roads. Stress and waste of time. Injuries and even death.
Health problems The government has to spend money on 5.___________ ，on roads and on policing the roads. The economy of the country is being affected negatively.
road accidents
health care
续表
二、口语交际训练
Ⅰ.补全对话
M：The weather forecast says tomorrow will still be smoggy. We haven't seen the sun for nearly one week.
W： 1
M：Yesterday's weather forecast said the pollution in our city was very serious.
W：Many people have to wear a mask every day now. 2
M：Me too. I've decided to take a bus to work instead of driving. I hope it will help.
W： 3 I can ride my bike to work since my office is not far from my home.
M： 4 I hope the government will do something to stop air pollution.
W：Yes, though I think it's not only the government's job. We citizens should also try to do what we can to protect our environment.
M：Yes, you're right. 5
W：I hope so, too.
A．Oh, that's good!
B．I plan to wear one tomorrow.
C．Well, I hope we can have a few sunny days soon.
D．Yes. The smog has been so heavy every day recently.
E．I think that's a good way to cut down on vehicle emissions.
答案：1～5 DBEAC
Ⅱ.交流表达
Pictures ①～⑤ show some green lifestyles. What do you think of these green lifestyles Please talk about what is your green lifestyle in your heart with your partner.
答案：In my opinion, to advocate a green lifestyle, we should start from a bit by bit: turn off the lights when leaving and use high-efficiency energy-saving bulbs; Use email instead of printing to reduce paper consumption; Use fewer paper cups；Take the bus or subway; Walk or cycle; Use less disposable products; Buy products with simple packaging; Classify rubbish; Clean your plate; Turn off the taps and save water; etc.
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
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