中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点07 阅读理解之主旨大意
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。其干扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等。
1. 抓好限时训练
通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯
在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧
常见的阅读方法有三种：
（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。
（2）先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。
（3）文——题——文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，并在原文中划出答案出处，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。
4. 积累文化背景知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。
5. 注重长难句的理解
近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。
英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。
高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法
（一）说明文exposition: 说明文用平时的语言客观的解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展中出现的新生事物等。说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例（by giving examples）、分类法(by classification)或类比(by analogy生僻)、对比法(by contrast)。给事物下定义(definition)或分析(analysis)事物产生的原因以及后果(cause and effect)。举例说明使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异；分类展开法强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似；对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物的原因及结果。其实，除了文字说明外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。无论使用哪种说明方法，作者都是为了说明对象的本质特征。
Key:抓事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
（二）议论文argumentation: 议论文是说理性的文章。由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。阅读时，抓住论题和观点就把握了中心，再结合诸多事例和理由之间，以及它们和论点之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。Key: 抓论点。
（三）应用文practical writing:措辞简洁明了，直截了当。是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，目的是向读者传递信息。阅读这类文章要注意细节信息，做题时根据所提问题用寻读，跳读的方法更有效。Key: 抓信息。
（四）记叙文description:记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来的事情经过，包括人物的故事情节，文章内容涉及何人何时何地、为什么、怎么样、干了何事等。这是我们在阅读记叙文首先要了解的，接着按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，就能理解这个故事。记叙文的叙事顺序有顺序和倒叙两种。文章有时会从最重要、最引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追述事情的开端和经过。另外：讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等。在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节要重点关注。Key: 抓住故事情节，理清文中脉络。
A
（2023·山西·统考一模）
Seventy percent of our planet is covered by one huge body of seawater-the ocean. In 2008, the United Nations recognized(确立) June 8 as World Oceans Day. It's a day to think about the important role that the oceans play in our lives, the dangers that our oceans are facing and the action we can take to protect them.
The ocean is home to the most of plants and animals on Earth. Plants in the sea provide us with 70 percent of O2 we breathe. The ocean controls our climate (气候), providing heat in winter and cool air in summer. It also provides us with food and medicine. No matter where you live on the planet, no matter how far from the sea, your life is dependent on the ocean.
The biggest problem facing the ocean at the moment is plastic pollution. Reducing single-use plastic, including plastic bags and plastic bottles, has been an important theme for World Oceans Day for a number of years.
Climate change and rising sea temperatures are also a huge problem. Rising sea temperatures have a direct influence on weather patterns and are seen as partly responsible for an increase in extreme (极端的) weather.
The day is celebrated in all kinds of ways, including special events on the beach, river clean-ups, school activities, art contests and film festivals. You can join in to remind people about the importance of our oceans and to make a difference.
1．What percent of our planet is covered with seawater
A．30% B．40% C．70%
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．The ocean provides us with heat and cool air.
B．Our life is dependent on the ocean.
C．The ocean provides us with food and medicine
3．What is the biggest problem facing the ocean
A．Plastic pollution. B．Reducing single-use plastic. C．Air pollution.
4．What is partly responsible for an increase of extreme weather
A．Climate change. B．Rising sea temperatures. C．Weather patterns.
5．How do people celebrate World Oceans Day
A．Eating out together. B．Having a meeting. C．Holding special events.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C
【分析】文章大意：地球的70%被海洋覆盖着，海洋是地球上大多数动植物的家园，为我们提供了我们呼吸的70%的氧气。然而海洋正面临着塑料污染、气候变化和海水温度上升等问题。联合国确立世界海洋日来提醒人们海洋的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第1段中“Seventy percent of our planet is covered by one huge body of seawater-the ocean.”可知地球上的百分之七十被海水覆盖。故选C。
2．段落大意题。根据第2段内容及最后一句“No matter where you live on the planet, no matter how far from the sea, your life is dependent on the ocean.”可知我们的生活依赖于海洋。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第3段中“The biggest problem facing the ocean at the moment is plastic pollution.”可知海洋面临的最大问题是塑料污染。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据第4段中“Rising sea temperatures have a direct influence on weather patterns and are seen as partly responsible for an increase in extreme weather.”可知不断上升的海水温度被视为极端天气增加的部分原因。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The day is celebrated in all kinds of ways, including special events on the beach, river clean-ups, school activities, art contests and film festivals.”可知人们举办特别活动来庆祝世界海洋日。故选C。
B
（2022·广东深圳·深圳市宝安中学（集团）校考模拟预测）
Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客) or live videos Ask some people and most of them will say yes. “Pay-for-knowledge” has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these “pay-for-knowledge” products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. “Pay-for-knowledge” is on the rise(兴起).
Why is “pay-for-knowledge” industry developing so rapidly First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity (身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account (帐户) can buy “pay-for-knowledge” products. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information. On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts who serve famous companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today’s job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.
The industry of “pay-for-knowledge” has proved to be lucrative. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What’s more, this is a reflection(反映)of respect for knowledge and talents.
However, the rapid rise of “pay-for-knowledge” has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as “How to be an Industry’s Expert in 5 Hours” and “15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating(欣赏) Classical Music”, which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves.
In general, the best is the one that suits you most. “Pay-for-knowledge” may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true.
6．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can help all the people succeed.
B．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can offer people different kinds of courses.
C．People who can teach themselves need “pay-for-knowledge” products most.
D．People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities.
7．Which is NOT the reason for “pay-for-knowledge” industry developing so rapidly
A．The fast network and smartphone make it possible for people to get.
B．People are afraid to miss any useful information.
C．People need to learn new skills in today’s job market.
D．People are forced to pay for educational podcasts or live videos.
8．What can we learn about “pay-for-knowledge” industry from Paragraph 2
A．The history of its rise. B．The problems of its products.
C．The advantages of its products. D．The causes of its rise.
9．The underlined phrase “be lucrative” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.
A．produce lots of money B．get much information
C．win great respect D．enjoy self-growth
10．The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．recommend the “pay-for-knowledge” products to people
B．advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online
C．remind people to choose “pay-for-knowledge” products wisely
D．teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children
【答案】6．B 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍“为知识付钱”产业兴起的原因及产生的问题，提醒读者要理智地选择产品。
6．推理判断题。根据“The contents of these ‘pay-for-knowledge’ products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment.”可推出“知识付费”产品可以为人们提供不同种类的课程。B选项表述正确。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“Why is ‘pay-for-knowledge’ industry developing so rapidly First, its development is based on the Internet. ... Second, people are afraid to miss any information. ... Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today’s job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.”可知A、B、C三项都是“知识付费”产业发展快的原因，但D项不是。故选D。
8．段落大题题。根据第二段“Why is ‘pay-for-knowledge’ industry developing so rapidly First, …Second, …”可知这一段主要讲述为知识付钱产业兴起的原因。故选D。
9．词句猜测题。根据“It promises possibilities of turning information into money”可知此处表示“获利的，赚钱的”，be lucrative相当于produce lots of money。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In general, the best is the one that suits you most. ‘Pay-for-knowledge’ may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful!”可知文章的主要目的是提醒人们要理智地选择适合自己的产品。故选C。
C
（2022·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）
I’ve been working in a school for more than twenty years. Many parents often ask me, “How can you teach your child good study skills How can he or she get the homework done as quickly as possible ” Here are some tips:
1. If the child is as young as nine or ten, ask him or her to prepare a small notebook to write down the homework given by his or her teachers. By developing this habit, he or she will learn to be much more responsible（负责的）.
2. Find a good place to study. This should be a quiet place that is free from everything but study things. No games, radios, or televisions. Once you have decided on a place to study, this should be the only place where your child does his or her homework and studies. There should also be a very specific time for homework to be done. Usually, homework should be done as soon as the child gets home from school. This also goes for the kids who take part in after-school activities. Of course, it is a good idea to allow the child to have a healthy snack before the work begins.
3. Also remember, that it is the child’s duty to do his or her homework. Some children give up easily and go to Mom and Dad for help when they have a problem. Try to let them solve it first. By doing this, they will get a sense of success from overcoming problems. In this way we help them to help themselves.
根据上面的文章选择最佳答案。
11．Asking the kids to keep a notebook to remember their homework will make them_______.
A．remember more B．learn more
C．more responsible D．more interested in studying
12．The place where the children study must______.
A．be free for everything
B．have a TV set and a computer
C．be quiet, bright and free from things for entertainment
D．be big, clean and tidy
13．What does the underlined word "overcoming" mean in the passage
A．Forgetting. B．Leaving. C．Realizing. D．Beating
14．According to the passage, the children should_______ when they have trouble with their homework.
A．ask their parents for help B．try to solve the problems by themselves
C．wait for their teachers’ help D．put it away and have a snack
15．This passage is written_______.
A．for parents to help their children study well
B．for the children who want to improve their work
C．for teachers to teach their students
D．for housewives to make their kids happy
【答案】11．C 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是如何提高学生的学习技能及尽快完成回家作业。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段“By developing this habit, he or she will learn to be much more responsible（负责的）.”可知写下所有作业可以让孩子更有责任感。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“2. Find a good place to study. This should be a quiet place that is free from everything but study things.”可知学习的地方应是一个安静的，不含其他娱乐的东西。故选C。
13．词义猜测题。划线部分单词的宾语是“problems”，根据“By doing this,they will get a sense of success from...”可知是从“克服”问题中得到成就感。Forgetting忘记；Leaving离开；Realizing意识到；Beating打败。分析语境可知D项“Beating打败”符合语境，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Try to let them solve it first.”可知遇到问题，应让孩子自己先尝试解决，故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many parents often ask me, "How can you teach your child good study skills How can he or she get the homework done as quickly as possible " Here are some tips”可知本文主要帮助父母解决孩子学习问题，故选A。
D
（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）
“How are you ” is a nice question. It’s a friendly way that people in the U. S. A greet each other. But “How are you ” is also a very unusual question. It’s a question that often doesn’t need an answer. The person who asks “How are you ” hopes to hear the answer “Fine”, even if the person’s friend isn’t fine. The reason is that “How are you ” isn’t really a question and “Fine” isn’t really an answer. They are simply other ways of saying “Hello” or “Hi”.
Sometimes, people also don’t say exactly what they mean. For example, when someone asks “Do you agree ”, the other person might think, “No, I disagree. I think you’re wrong...” But it isn’t very polite to disagree so strongly, so the other person might say “I’m not sure.” It’s a nicer way to say that you don’t agree with someone.
People also don’t say exactly what they are thinking when they finish talking with other people. For example, many talks over the phone finish when one person says “I’ve to go now”. Often, the person who wants to hang up gives an excuse: “Someone’s at the door.” “Something is burning on the stove.” The excuses might be real, or not. Perhaps the person who wants to hang up simply doesn’t want to talk any more, but it isn’t polite to say that. The excuse is more polite, and it doesn’t hurt the other person.
Whether they are greeting each other, talking about an idea, or finishing a talk, people don’t say exactly what they are thinking. It’s an important way that people try to be nice to each other, and it’s part of the game of language.
16．What do we know about “How are you ” from Paragraph 1
A．A real question to ask your friends. B．A usual question without answers.
C．Another way of saying “Goodbye”. D．A friendly way to greet each other.
17．How do you answer “Do you agree ” most politely according to Paragraph 2
A．I disagree. B．You are wrong.
C．I’m not sure. D．Of course not.
18．Which of the following best explains “hang up” underlined in Paragraph 3
A．举起 B．缠绕 C．挂断 D．悬吊
19．Which of the following is NOT true about how to reply politely
A．Don’t show your disagreement too strongly. B．Give a real answer to any kind of questions.
C．Think twice when you want to say exactly. D．Please try to give a suitable excuse instead.
20．What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph
A．Just say truly what you’re thinking. B．Try to be polite to each other.
C．Talking is to play games with others. D．Finish a talk with no excuse.
【答案】16．D 17．C 18．C 19．B 20．B
【分析】本文介绍了日常生活中的一些交际用语，告诉我们如何礼貌地运用语言。
16．细节理解题。根据“The reason is that “How are you ” isn’t really a question and “Fine” isn’t really an answer. They are simply other ways of saying “Hello” or “Hi”.”可知，“How are you ”是一种简单的问候别人的方式，故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据“For example, when someone asks “Do you agree ”…so the other person might say “I’m not sure.” It’s a nicer way to say that you don’t agree with someone.”可知，回答“Do you agree ”最好应用“I’m not sure.”，这样会更有礼貌，故选C。
18．词义猜测题。根据“many talks over the phone finish when one person says “I’ve to go now”. Often, the person who wants to hang up gives an excuse”可知，当一个人说“我得走了”时，许多电话交谈就结束了。通常，想挂断电话的人会给出一个借口，所以短语“hang up”指的是“挂断”，故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据“The person who asks “How are you ” hopes to hear the answer “Fine”, even if the person’s friend isn’t fine. The reason is that “How are you ” isn’t really a question and “Fine” isn’t really an answer.”以及“The excuses might be real, or not. Perhaps the person who wants to hang up simply doesn’t want to talk any more, but it isn’t polite to say that. The excuse is more polite, and it doesn’t hurt the other person.”可知，有时候不给出真正的答案反而是有礼貌的，所以B选项描述错误，故选B。
20．主旨大意题。根据“Whether they are greeting each other, talking about an idea, or finishing a talk, people don’t say exactly what they are thinking. It’s an important way that people try to be nice to each other, and it’s part of the game of language.”可知，本段主要说的是要尽量对别人友好，无论是相互问候，谈论一个想法，还是结束一次谈话，故选B。
E
（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）
Sometimes, we clearly remember our childhood neighborhood just as well, or even better than, our childhood homes. For both children and adults, neighborhoods are a place to live, play, and learn. Neighborhoods are also a place where many sweet and unforgettable memories are left.
In the majority of US suburbs (市郊), almost everyone on the block knows each other and often talk with one ing home together on the bus is usually just the beginning of neighboring children spending time together. Whether it’s playing soccer or running after each other around on bikes, kids often take advantage of the daylight to get some fresh air outside their homes. When it’s hot, children can jump into a pool together to swim. And when it’s cold, they can have snowball fights with one another and have fun.
Adults also take advantage of living in a community by taking care of their neighbors. It’s very convenient for neighbors to become friends, considering that they live so close together. Neighbors will often babysit or dog-sit for each other.
If someone holds a party, neighbors might lend some space for guests to park their cars in. And if a postal worker mixes up the mail, neighbors are more than happy to return it back to its rightful owner. The neighbors usually offer to help when someone needs a hand. Having kind and caring neighbors can make a world of difference in how a person thinks of their home. To some people, a home may not be just the house they live in, but also the community they’re a part of which means a lot to them.
As we all know, neighborhoods, just like homes, come in all different shapes and sizes. Some neighborhoods may have more than 100 people, while others may only have a few people. But whatever the size, neighborhoods can be a powerful and memorable part of our lives, filled with neighbors we’ll always remember.
21．Paragraph 2 is mainly about _________.
A．how neighboring children get along B．what children used to play with in old times
C．which games kids can play all year round D．why people in the US like living in suburbs
22．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about neighborhoods in the majority of US suburbs
A．It’s very convenient for neighbors to become friends.
B．Everyone on the block knows each other quite well.
C．Neighborhoods are a place where people live, play, and learn.
D．The neighbors often give a hand to each other when necessary.
23．Neighborhoods are part of some people’s homes because _________.
A．neighbors take care of each other B．neighbors do a lot of things together
C．neighbors often have parties together D．neighbors share secrets with each other
24．What does the writer think of neighbors
A．He thinks they are lonely. B．He thinks they are selfish.
C．He thinks they are helpful. D．He thinks they are awful.
25．What is the main idea of the passage
A．It’s important to have nice neighbors. B．Neighborhoods are an important part of life.
C．Being friends with your neighbors is convenient. D．Most Americans love living in small communities.
【答案】21．A 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．B
【解析】本文是一篇说说明文，主要介绍美国市郊邻居的现状等。
21．主旨大意题。根据第二段可知，第二段主要在介绍临近的孩子如何相处，选A。
22．推理判断题。根据文章可知，文章介绍美国市郊的邻居们很容易成为朋友，社区是人们生活、玩耍和学习的地方以及邻居们会互相照顾等，并没有提及他们彼此会什么了解彼此，故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第三段，第四段可知，社区的邻居互相帮助，所以有好的邻居会让人觉得邻居是家的一部分，故选A。
24．观点态度题。根据全文可知，文章都是在说邻里之间的互相帮助以及一些小时候的美好回忆，所以作者认为邻居是有用的，故选C。
25．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章都是在说邻里之间的互相帮助以及一些小时候的美好回忆，有好的邻居会让人觉得邻居是家的一部分，所以邻居是生活中重要的一部分，故选B。
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热点07 阅读理解之主旨大意
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。其干扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等。
1. 抓好限时训练
通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯
在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧
常见的阅读方法有三种：
（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。
（2）先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。
（3）文——题——文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，并在原文中划出答案出处，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。
4. 积累文化背景知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。
5. 注重长难句的理解
近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。
英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。
高中英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法
（一）说明文exposition: 说明文用平时的语言客观的解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展中出现的新生事物等。说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例（by giving examples）、分类法(by classification)或类比(by analogy生僻)、对比法(by contrast)。给事物下定义(definition)或分析(analysis)事物产生的原因以及后果(cause and effect)。举例说明使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异；分类展开法强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似；对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物的原因及结果。其实，除了文字说明外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。无论使用哪种说明方法，作者都是为了说明对象的本质特征。
Key:抓事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
（二）议论文argumentation: 议论文是说理性的文章。由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。阅读时，抓住论题和观点就把握了中心，再结合诸多事例和理由之间，以及它们和论点之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。Key: 抓论点。
（三）应用文practical writing:措辞简洁明了，直截了当。是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，目的是向读者传递信息。阅读这类文章要注意细节信息，做题时根据所提问题用寻读，跳读的方法更有效。Key: 抓信息。
（四）记叙文description:记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来的事情经过，包括人物的故事情节，文章内容涉及何人何时何地、为什么、怎么样、干了何事等。这是我们在阅读记叙文首先要了解的，接着按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，就能理解这个故事。记叙文的叙事顺序有顺序和倒叙两种。文章有时会从最重要、最引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追述事情的开端和经过。另外：讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等。在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节要重点关注。Key: 抓住故事情节，理清文中脉络。
A
（2023·山西·统考一模）
Seventy percent of our planet is covered by one huge body of seawater-the ocean. In 2008, the United Nations recognized(确立) June 8 as World Oceans Day. It's a day to think about the important role that the oceans play in our lives, the dangers that our oceans are facing and the action we can take to protect them.
The ocean is home to the most of plants and animals on Earth. Plants in the sea provide us with 70 percent of O2 we breathe. The ocean controls our climate (气候), providing heat in winter and cool air in summer. It also provides us with food and medicine. No matter where you live on the planet, no matter how far from the sea, your life is dependent on the ocean.
The biggest problem facing the ocean at the moment is plastic pollution. Reducing single-use plastic, including plastic bags and plastic bottles, has been an important theme for World Oceans Day for a number of years.
Climate change and rising sea temperatures are also a huge problem. Rising sea temperatures have a direct influence on weather patterns and are seen as partly responsible for an increase in extreme (极端的) weather.
The day is celebrated in all kinds of ways, including special events on the beach, river clean-ups, school activities, art contests and film festivals. You can join in to remind people about the importance of our oceans and to make a difference.
1．What percent of our planet is covered with seawater
A．30% B．40% C．70%
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．The ocean provides us with heat and cool air.
B．Our life is dependent on the ocean.
C．The ocean provides us with food and medicine
3．What is the biggest problem facing the ocean
A．Plastic pollution. B．Reducing single-use plastic. C．Air pollution.
4．What is partly responsible for an increase of extreme weather
A．Climate change. B．Rising sea temperatures. C．Weather patterns.
5．How do people celebrate World Oceans Day
A．Eating out together. B．Having a meeting. C．Holding special events.
B
（2022·广东深圳·深圳市宝安中学（集团）校考模拟预测）
Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客) or live videos Ask some people and most of them will say yes. “Pay-for-knowledge” has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these “pay-for-knowledge” products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. “Pay-for-knowledge” is on the rise(兴起).
Why is “pay-for-knowledge” industry developing so rapidly First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity (身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account (帐户) can buy “pay-for-knowledge” products. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information. On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts who serve famous companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today’s job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.
The industry of “pay-for-knowledge” has proved to be lucrative. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What’s more, this is a reflection(反映)of respect for knowledge and talents.
However, the rapid rise of “pay-for-knowledge” has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as “How to be an Industry’s Expert in 5 Hours” and “15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating(欣赏) Classical Music”, which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves.
In general, the best is the one that suits you most. “Pay-for-knowledge” may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true.
6．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can help all the people succeed.
B．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can offer people different kinds of courses.
C．People who can teach themselves need “pay-for-knowledge” products most.
D．People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities.
7．Which is NOT the reason for “pay-for-knowledge” industry developing so rapidly
A．The fast network and smartphone make it possible for people to get.
B．People are afraid to miss any useful information.
C．People need to learn new skills in today’s job market.
D．People are forced to pay for educational podcasts or live videos.
8．What can we learn about “pay-for-knowledge” industry from Paragraph 2
A．The history of its rise. B．The problems of its products.
C．The advantages of its products. D．The causes of its rise.
9．The underlined phrase “be lucrative” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.
A．produce lots of money B．get much information
C．win great respect D．enjoy self-growth
10．The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．recommend the “pay-for-knowledge” products to people
B．advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online
C．remind people to choose “pay-for-knowledge” products wisely
D．teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children
C
（2022·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）
I’ve been working in a school for more than twenty years. Many parents often ask me, “How can you teach your child good study skills How can he or she get the homework done as quickly as possible ” Here are some tips:
1. If the child is as young as nine or ten, ask him or her to prepare a small notebook to write down the homework given by his or her teachers. By developing this habit, he or she will learn to be much more responsible（负责的）.
2. Find a good place to study. This should be a quiet place that is free from everything but study things. No games, radios, or televisions. Once you have decided on a place to study, this should be the only place where your child does his or her homework and studies. There should also be a very specific time for homework to be done. Usually, homework should be done as soon as the child gets home from school. This also goes for the kids who take part in after-school activities. Of course, it is a good idea to allow the child to have a healthy snack before the work begins.
3. Also remember, that it is the child’s duty to do his or her homework. Some children give up easily and go to Mom and Dad for help when they have a problem. Try to let them solve it first. By doing this, they will get a sense of success from overcoming problems. In this way we help them to help themselves.
根据上面的文章选择最佳答案。
11．Asking the kids to keep a notebook to remember their homework will make them_______.
A．remember more B．learn more
C．more responsible D．more interested in studying
12．The place where the children study must______.
A．be free for everything
B．have a TV set and a computer
C．be quiet, bright and free from things for entertainment
D．be big, clean and tidy
13．What does the underlined word "overcoming" mean in the passage
A．Forgetting. B．Leaving. C．Realizing. D．Beating
14．According to the passage, the children should_______ when they have trouble with their homework.
A．ask their parents for help B．try to solve the problems by themselves
C．wait for their teachers’ help D．put it away and have a snack
15．This passage is written_______.
A．for parents to help their children study well
B．for the children who want to improve their work
C．for teachers to teach their students
D．for housewives to make their kids happy
D
（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）
“How are you ” is a nice question. It’s a friendly way that people in the U. S. A greet each other. But “How are you ” is also a very unusual question. It’s a question that often doesn’t need an answer. The person who asks “How are you ” hopes to hear the answer “Fine”, even if the person’s friend isn’t fine. The reason is that “How are you ” isn’t really a question and “Fine” isn’t really an answer. They are simply other ways of saying “Hello” or “Hi”.
Sometimes, people also don’t say exactly what they mean. For example, when someone asks “Do you agree ”, the other person might think, “No, I disagree. I think you’re wrong...” But it isn’t very polite to disagree so strongly, so the other person might say “I’m not sure.” It’s a nicer way to say that you don’t agree with someone.
People also don’t say exactly what they are thinking when they finish talking with other people. For example, many talks over the phone finish when one person says “I’ve to go now”. Often, the person who wants to hang up gives an excuse: “Someone’s at the door.” “Something is burning on the stove.” The excuses might be real, or not. Perhaps the person who wants to hang up simply doesn’t want to talk any more, but it isn’t polite to say that. The excuse is more polite, and it doesn’t hurt the other person.
Whether they are greeting each other, talking about an idea, or finishing a talk, people don’t say exactly what they are thinking. It’s an important way that people try to be nice to each other, and it’s part of the game of language.
16．What do we know about “How are you ” from Paragraph 1
A．A real question to ask your friends. B．A usual question without answers.
C．Another way of saying “Goodbye”. D．A friendly way to greet each other.
17．How do you answer “Do you agree ” most politely according to Paragraph 2
A．I disagree. B．You are wrong.
C．I’m not sure. D．Of course not.
18．Which of the following best explains “hang up” underlined in Paragraph 3
A．举起 B．缠绕 C．挂断 D．悬吊
19．Which of the following is NOT true about how to reply politely
A．Don’t show your disagreement too strongly. B．Give a real answer to any kind of questions.
C．Think twice when you want to say exactly. D．Please try to give a suitable excuse instead.
20．What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph
A．Just say truly what you’re thinking. B．Try to be polite to each other.
C．Talking is to play games with others. D．Finish a talk with no excuse.
E
（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）
Sometimes, we clearly remember our childhood neighborhood just as well, or even better than, our childhood homes. For both children and adults, neighborhoods are a place to live, play, and learn. Neighborhoods are also a place where many sweet and unforgettable memories are left.
In the majority of US suburbs (市郊), almost everyone on the block knows each other and often talk with one ing home together on the bus is usually just the beginning of neighboring children spending time together. Whether it’s playing soccer or running after each other around on bikes, kids often take advantage of the daylight to get some fresh air outside their homes. When it’s hot, children can jump into a pool together to swim. And when it’s cold, they can have snowball fights with one another and have fun.
Adults also take advantage of living in a community by taking care of their neighbors. It’s very convenient for neighbors to become friends, considering that they live so close together. Neighbors will often babysit or dog-sit for each other.
If someone holds a party, neighbors might lend some space for guests to park their cars in. And if a postal worker mixes up the mail, neighbors are more than happy to return it back to its rightful owner. The neighbors usually offer to help when someone needs a hand. Having kind and caring neighbors can make a world of difference in how a person thinks of their home. To some people, a home may not be just the house they live in, but also the community they’re a part of which means a lot to them.
As we all know, neighborhoods, just like homes, come in all different shapes and sizes. Some neighborhoods may have more than 100 people, while others may only have a few people. But whatever the size, neighborhoods can be a powerful and memorable part of our lives, filled with neighbors we’ll always remember.
21．Paragraph 2 is mainly about _________.
A．how neighboring children get along B．what children used to play with in old times
C．which games kids can play all year round D．why people in the US like living in suburbs
22．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about neighborhoods in the majority of US suburbs
A．It’s very convenient for neighbors to become friends.
B．Everyone on the block knows each other quite well.
C．Neighborhoods are a place where people live, play, and learn.
D．The neighbors often give a hand to each other when necessary.
23．Neighborhoods are part of some people’s homes because _________.
A．neighbors take care of each other B．neighbors do a lot of things together
C．neighbors often have parties together D．neighbors share secrets with each other
24．What does the writer think of neighbors
A．He thinks they are lonely. B．He thinks they are selfish.
C．He thinks they are helpful. D．He thinks they are awful.
25．What is the main idea of the passage
A．It’s important to have nice neighbors. B．Neighborhoods are an important part of life.
C．Being friends with your neighbors is convenient. D．Most Americans love living in small communities.
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