人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language语法-精讲破学案（含答案）

Unit4 BODY LANGUAGE语法-精讲破
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式, 包括现在分词和动名词两种。
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
1. 作动词(短语)的宾语观察
I don’t like watching television but 1 enjoy listening to the radio. 我不喜欢看电视, 但我喜欢听收音机。
归纳
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)可用下面的口诀帮助记忆:
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish, practise)
①______想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can’t help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)逃避②______莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep, mind)
2. 作 “动词+(名词/副词)+介词” “名词+介词” “形容词+介词”结构的宾语
观察
He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
His lack of experience led to failing in the driving test. 经验不足导致了他驾考没有通过。
归纳
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的这类结构有: insist on、object to, be good at、be fond of、lead to, put off, give up、look forward to, feel like, devote. . . to. get/be used to, pay attention to 等。
3. 特殊动词跟动词-ing形式或不定式作宾语的情况观察
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened. 他们继续工作, 似乎什么也没发生过。
归纳
在有些动词的后面, 如 : start, begin, continue等, 既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语, 两者意义区别③______。
观察
He preferred staying in the house when it rained. 下雨时他更喜欢待在家里。(指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我更想要待在家里。(表示今天下午待在家里这一具体的动作。)
归纳
在love 、 hate, prefer 、 like 等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指―④______的动作, 用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
观察
Please remember to give my best regards to your family. 请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time. 我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
归纳
有些动词(短语)后跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语均可, 但含义⑤______。常见的
有：
动词（短语） 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要去做……
doing 忘记做过…….
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过…
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…….
doing 后悔做了…. . .
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做(另一件事)
doing 停止做(同一件事)
观察
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修一下。
归纳
有些动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示 ⑥______ 意义, 相当于不定式的被动形式, 常见的有:need/ want/require/ deserve doing = need/ want/require/deserve to be done
4. 动词-ing形式的否定形式
观察
He was punished for not having done his homework. 他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。
归纳
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not, 带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式 ⑦______ 。
二. 动词-ing 形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
观察
The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。
My hobby is painting. 我的爱好是绘画。
归纳
(1)现在分词作表语, 往往具有 ⑧______ 的性质, 说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词, 许多是由能够表示人们某种 ⑨______ 或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing 等, 这类词有“令人. . . …的”的含义, 常修饰物。
(2)动名词作表语多表示抽象性的概念或习惯性的动作, 一般说明主语的⑩______ 。
名师点津 不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语, 但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作, 动词-ed形式则一般和系动词连用构成系表结构表示状态。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1. (2019课标全国Ⅰ, 语法填空，★★)Scientists have responded by______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements. . .
2. (2019课标全国Ⅰ, 阅读理解B, ★★)A son of immigrants, Chris started______ (learn)English a little over three years ago.
3. (2019课标全国ⅡI, 阅读理解B改编, ★★) Handing out sliced oranges to kids who are thirsty can be as______ (excite)as watching your own kid score a goal.
4. (2019北京, 阅读理解C, ★★) That might mean either ______ (develop) a uniform way to mark videos and images，showing when and who they were made by，or(abandon) phone calls altogether. . .
5. (2019天津, 阅读理解B，★★)Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep ______ (learn).
6. (2019天津, 书面表达, ★★)I’m looking forward to ______ (enjoy) your wonderful lecture.
7. (2019江苏, 阅读理解D, ★★)“It was beautiful, ” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth ______ (save). ”
8. (2019天津, 完形填空改编, ★★) If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try ______ (find) me.
9. (2018浙江, 完形填空, ★★)Since his regular job was ______ (bore), I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time.
10. (2018北京, 阅读理解D, ★★）They take their driver less car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid ______ (pay)for parking.
11. (2018江苏，阅读理解D, ★)Miss Long field warned that a generation of children risked ______ (grow) up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms. . . ”
12. (2017 课标全国Ⅰ, 阅读理解A, ★)Don’t forget ______ (stop) by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.
句型转换
13. (2015江苏，阅读理解B，★★)By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that e-waste deserves to be made good use of. →By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that e-waste deserves ______ ______ ______ ______.
完成句子
14. (2019课标全国I, 七选五，★)Recently, people ______ ______ ______ (已经开始研究)the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).
15. (2019课标全国Ⅱ, 阅读理解A, ★)It’s about two sisters—Eri, a model who either won't or can’t ______ ______ (停止睡觉), and Mari, a young student.
16. (2018浙江, 阅读理解B, ★★)(更有趣的是) ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
17. (2018北京, 阅读理解C，★★)Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (并不奇怪)such worms can break down polyethylene.
18. (2015课标全国I, 完形填空，★★)Then my 17-year-old ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (建议送他一张礼品卡). I thought about it.
19. (2015 江苏, 完形填空, ★★)The stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were ______ ______ ______ ______ (对我来说太令人诧异了) and had such a big impact on how I saw life from then on.
答案：
①喜欢 ②冒险 ③不大 ④经常性 ⑤不同 ⑥被动 ⑦之间 ⑧形容词 ⑨感情 ⑩内容
noting考查动名词。空前为介词, 故用动名词作介词的宾语。
learning/to learn考查非谓语动词。句意:作为移民的儿子, 克里斯三年多前开始学英语。start doing/to do sth. 开始做某事, 故用动名词或不定式作宾语。
exciting考查现在分词。句意:给口渴的孩子分发切成片的橙子就像看着自己的孩子进球一样令人兴奋。设空处作表语, 表示“令人兴奋的”。故用现在分词作表语。
4. developing; abandoning考查动名词。句意:那可能意味着要么开发一种统一的方法来标记视频和图像，显示它们是何时由谁制作的, 要么完全放弃电话mean doing. . . 意味着……., 故用动名词短语作宾语。
5. learning考查动名词。句意:阅读是我生活中极其重要的一部分。阅读满足了我不断学习的愿望。keep doing sth. 意为“一直做某事”。故用动名词作宾语。
6. enjoying考查动名词。句意:我期待着欣赏您精彩的演讲。look forward to 期待, 其中 to为介词, 故用动名词作介词的宾语。
7. saving考查动名词。句意:“它很美妙, ”Naomi 听了录音后说，“这首音乐值得收藏。”sth. be worth doing某事值得做, 故用动名词。
8. to find考查不定式。句意:如果我在那种情况下，我希望有人能尽力找到我。try to do sth. 尽力做某事, 故用不定式作宾语。
9. boring考查现在分词。设空处作表语, 表示“令人厌倦的”。故用现在分词形式。
10. paying考查动名词。句意:他们坐着自己的无人驾驶汽车到一个约会地点, 然后让空车绕着大楼转圈, 以避免支付停车费。avoid doing sth. 避免做某事，故用动名词作宾语。
11. growing考查动名词。risk doing sth. 冒险做某事。故用动名词作宾语。
12. to stop考查不定式。句意:当你在这里挑选一个精彩的科学活动或纪念品来纪念你的访问时, 别忘了顺便去太平洋科学中心商店。forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事, 故用不定式作宾语。
13. making good use of
14. have begun/started studying
15. stop sleeping
16. What is even more interesting
17. it is not surprising that
18. suggested giving him a gift card
19. so amazing to me