人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 Body Language 单元考点突破练习学案（含答案）

名师原创：Unit4 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. vary vi不同; 变化
【原句再现】
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
variety n. 多样性; 变化; 种类
a variety of＝varieties of….. 许多的；各种各样的
a new variety of rose玫瑰的新品种
various adj.不同的; 各种各样的
various kinds of theme parks各种各样的主题公园
variously adv各种各样地
variation n.变化; 差别
the seasonal variation季节性变化
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with sth. 随……而变化
vary between...and...＝vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
【精品例句】
Chinese food is famous for its wide variety.中餐以菜系多样而闻名(重庆)
Variety is the spice of life. 变化是生活的调味品
After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.
毕竟，两个国家各自内部的口音差别可能 跟两国之间的口音差别一样大
Opinions vary on that point. 在那一点上意见各不相同
The weather here varies from hour to hour. 这儿的天气时刻都在变化
The temperature varies from time to time. 温度常常变化。
The sword hardly varied in form from the 12th to the 15th century.
剑的样式从12 世纪到15 世纪几乎没有什么改变。
【高考链接】
More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great____ of goods.
(湖北卷) (A)
variety B. mixture C. extension D. combination
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The club offers a wide _____ (vary) of games to the local teenagers. (variety)
As a child, Chamberlain had _____ (variety) various health problems. (various)
2. approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
【原句再现】
In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
approve of…. 赞成….；同意…
approve of sb./sb.'s (doing) sth. 同意某人(做)某事
approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；认可
【精品例句】
I very much approve of these new tests.
我非常赞成这些新的测试。
The minister approved the building plan.
部长批准了该建筑计划。
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.
他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。
【高考链接】
I approve of your _______ (try) to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
(江苏卷) (trying)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She doesn't approve _______ our decision. (of)
Hope the arrangements meet with your _______ (approve). (approval)
3. witness vt. 当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人
【原句再现】
In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
witness sth.　目击了某事
witness to (doing) sth. 证实，证明 (做) 某事
witness for ….为……作证
be a witness to sth. 是某事的证据/证人
bear/give witness to ….做……的证人；为……作证
【精品例句】
These facts are a witness to his carelessness.
这些事实证明了他的粗心。
A witness was examined by him in a court of law.
他在法庭上质问一个证人。
He gave witness on behalf of an accused person.
他为被告作证。
The witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.
这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。
【高考链接】
The driver witnessed to __________ (see) the man enter the building. (山东卷) (seeing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He made a very poor witness ______ himself. (for)
His good health is a witness ______ the success of the treatment. (to)
4. differ vi. 不同，相异，有区别
【原句再现】
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
differ from…与…不同
differ on/over…在…上不一致
different adj. 不同的，有差异的
differently adv. 不同地
difference n. 差别，差异，差异点，分歧
make a/no difference (to…) (对….)有/无影响；有重要作用/无关紧要
tell the difference between A and B 辨别A 和B
A be different from B. A 与B 不同
【精品例句】
American and British English differ in many small ways. 美式英语和英式英语在细节上有所差别
How do the tourists differ from local people 游客和当地居民有何不同？
We differ on/over the matter. 我们在这件事上意见不一致
There are many differences between living in a big city and living in the countryside.
生活在大城市与生活在乡村有许多不同之处
I can never tell the difference between the twins. 我从来都分不清这对双胞胎
They settled their differences and became friends again. 他们消除了分歧，言归于好
Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays.
古英语和我们现在说的英语有很大差别
Different people feel stress in different ways. 不同的人对压力的感受不同
【高考链接】
The way he did it was different ____ what we were used to.
A. to B. over C. on D. from (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangement. (to)
5. favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
【原句再现】
Elsewhere, people favor shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
acknowledge (doing/having done) sth. 承认 (做了) 某事
do sb. a favor＝do a favor for sb. 帮某人的忙
in favor of... 支持……
ask sb. for a favor＝ask a favor of sb. 请求某人帮忙
in one's favor 对某人有利
【精品例句】
Could you do me a favor and pick up Sam from school today ＝Could you do a favor for me and pick up Sam from school today
今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？
I want to ask a favor of you; will you lend me your cell phone
＝I want to ask you for a favor；will you lend me your cell phone
我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？
A mother shouldn't show too much favor to one of her children.
母亲不应该对一个孩子表现出过多的宠爱。
I must decline to show favor to any of the candidates.
我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。
【高考链接】
Most of them were in favor ______ my opinion while David was against it. (湖北卷) (of)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The exchange rate is _______ our favor for the time being. (in)
6. employ vt. 雇用；聘请；使用；利用
【原句再现】
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
employ sb. as sth.
employ sb. to do sth.
be employed in doing sth. 忙于做某事
employe(e) n. 受雇者；雇员
employer n. 雇主；雇用者
employment n. 雇用；聘用；职业；工作；就业
out of employment失业
create employment opportunities 创造就业机会
full-time part-time employment全职/兼职工作
【精品例句】
When did the company start to employ new people
公司什么时候开始招聘新人
Kelly is employed as a teacher.
凯利被聘为教师
Several specialists have been employed from overseas to solve the problem.
已经从海外聘请了几名专家来解决这个问题。
The police had to employ force to enter the building.
警察不得不强行进入大楼。
They are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.
他们不准用电动工具。
Mexican law prohibits the employment of children under 14.
墨西哥法律禁止雇用14岁以下的儿童。
【高考链接】
The large company employed some scientists ______ advisors last year. （陕西卷）(as)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
My mother is employed in ______ (wash) our dirty clothes. ( (washing)
7. break down消除；分解；打破；（机械类）出现故障
【原句再现】
A smile can break down barriers. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
break away from….脱离…；摆脱…；挣脱…；打破陈规
break in 闯入；强行进入
break out 突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)
break up 打碎；分裂；解体；解散
【精品例句】
The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire.
为了很快地进入着火的房子， 消防队员拆了那面墙。
Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.
我们的车坏了， 不得不把它拖到修车厂去。
By then the gate was being broken down.
那时候大门快要被砸开了。
【高考链接】
The band broke ________ about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid 1980s.(湖北课改卷) (up)
The girl broke away _________ her mother and ran away. (河北卷) (from)
【考点训练】
翻译下面句子
他的车在路上出故障了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
(His car broke down on the way, and that was why he was late for the meeting.)
在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。
(Something unexpected always breaks out in this area.)
8. reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
【原句再现】
Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings，their body language or the words they speak (教材P39)
【词块积累】
a reliable friend　可靠的朋友
be reliable as….作为……是可靠的
rely v. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely on/upon….. 依靠；依赖
rely on it that... 相信…..
【精品例句】
那个年轻人诚实，且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他很可靠。
The young man is honest, cooperative, and is always there when you need his help. In short, he's reliable.
It has a highly reliable control system.
它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。
He's a good musician and totally reliable．
他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。
The land, the essential means of production, is the most reliable living security that the peasants can rely on．
土地作为基本的生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。
【高考链接】
It would be better to rely _______ ourselves than on others. (天津卷) (on/upon)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This statement is not reliable _______ evidence. (as)
You may rely on _______ that he will help you. (it)
9. anger n．愤怒，怒火　v．激怒
【原句再现】
Smiles can be used to hide feelings like anger, fear, or worry. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
in anger　　动怒，生气
angry adj. 愤怒的，生气的
be angry with sb. 生某人的气
be angry at/about sth. 因某事而生气
【精品例句】
He was able to hold back his anger and avoid a fight.
他忍住了怒气，避免了一场殴斗
It always angers me to see so much waste.
看到这么多垃圾我忍不住要发火
It is better to express your anger，rather than bottle it up.
生气了要发泄出来而不要闷在肚子里
【高考链接】
I was angry ______ myself for making such a stupid mistake. (陕西卷) (with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
“What a shame!” he shouted ___ anger because he was angered by the selfishness of the people around him. Also he was angry ____ himself not being able to offer any help.
(in, with)
10. anxiety. n. 焦虑，不安.
【原句再现】
Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
anxious. adj. 焦虑的；不安的
an anxiety disorder 焦虑症；wait with anxiety 焦急地等待；
be in great anxiety 非常担忧；
anxiety for knowledge 求知欲
adv. Anxiously 忧虑地，不安地
be anxious about sth. 为某事忧虑；
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事；
be anxious for sb.为某人担忧
【精品例句】
① His anxiety to win the vote was obvious. 很明显，他渴望赢得选举
② Tom was anxious about his mother’s health. 汤姆为母亲的健康
③ Alice was anxious to meet you yesterday. 昨天爱丽丝渴望见到你
【高考链接】
My mother always gets a bit _____ if we don’t arrive when we say we will.（山东卷.完型）
A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient （A）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
① He was anxious ____ his family, who were travelling abroad. (for)
② The manager is ____ (anxiously) to make sure that the situation is under control. (anxious)
③ We waited _____ great anxiety for more news about the accident. (with)
11. ashamed adj.(不用于名词前) 羞耻的; 惭愧的; 害臊的
【原句再现】
They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
(be) ashamed to do sth. 惭愧做…
(be) ashamed that从句. 为….感到羞愧/羞耻
(be) ashamed of…为…感到不好意思/难为情/羞愧
【精品例句】
I'm ashamed to admit that I've never read Harry Potter.
我真不好意思承认我从未读过《哈利，波特》
You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你应该为说这些谎话而感到羞耻
You should be ashamed of your foolish behavior.你应对自己的愚蠢行为感到羞耻
【高考链接】
Tom was ashamed _____ having lied to his parents. (安徽卷) (of)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He was ashamed _____ he couldn't give an answer. (that)
12. conflict n．武装冲突，战斗，战争，冲突，矛盾 v．矛盾，冲突，抵触
【原句再现】
It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
A conflict of opinions
A conflict of interest(s)
armed/military conflict 武装/军事冲突
come into conflict with 与……发生冲突
in conflict with 与……相冲突
conflict with 与……发生冲突
【精品例句
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
他发现自己与父母在将来择业问题上存在分歧
His opinions conflicted with mine. 他的意见和我的意见不一致
My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years.
那些年我与母亲争吵了无数次
Armed conflict may break out at any moment. 武装冲突有一触即发之势
The two stories conflicted，so I did not know what to believe.
两个故事相冲突，我不知道相信哪一个
The conflict between the two countries finally caused a war.
两国间的冲突终于导致了一场战争
【高考链接】
In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the ____ in personality. (陕西卷)
A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They often comes into conflict ______ each other. (with)
13. adjust vt & vi. 调整，调节；（使）适应；（使）习惯
【原句再现】
Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
adjustable 可调整的，可调节的
adjustment 调节，调整，适应
adjust oneself to sth/doing sth. 使自己适应….
an adjustable seat 可调节座椅
adjust the indoor temperature 调节室内温度
【精品例句】
Watch out for the sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.
当心急转弯并且相应调整速度
Over the years, we all leaned to adjust and to become more comfortable with each other.
几年来，我们学会了适应，学会了彼此宽容
After a while, my eye adjusted (themselves) to the darkness inside the cave.
过了会儿，我的眼睛适应了山洞里的黑暗
It took him a while to adjust (himself) to working night shifts.
过了段时间，他适应了上夜班
I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation.
我努力适应这里的新环境
【高考链接】
Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform. (江苏卷)
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Eventually these workers adjusted themselves to ______ (work) in the wild.
14. react vi. (对….) 起反应；回应(…)；(对食物等) 有不良反应
【原句再现】
Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
react to…对….做出反应
reaction n反应; 作用
react on/upon…对……有影响
react with…与……产生化学反应
react against…反对；反抗
sb's first / immediate reaction某人的第一反应
the reaction of metals with oxygen金属和氧的反应
nuclear reaction 核反应
【精品例句】
Quite a lot of children react badly to antibiotics. 很多儿童对抗生素有不良反应
It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water: 它向我们展示了铁是如何与空气和水起反应的
Dogs react to human kindness. 狗会汇报人类对它的爱护
Hydrogen reacts with oxygen. 氢与氧结合其化学反应
The public reacted strongly to the news that someone treated his parents badly.
公众对有人不善待父母的新闻反应强烈。
How did the coach react to the news of the failure？
教练听到这个失败消息时有何反应？
How do the students react to the decision of reducing the days of the holiday
学生们对减少假期的天数的决定怎么回应？
【高考链接】
How did the students react ______ the monitor’s suggestion (湖北卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
What was his _______ (react) to it (reaction)
15. tendency n. 趋势; 倾向
【原句再现】
People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
tend vt & vi照料; 护理; 倾向; 趋
tend to/toward(s) sth. 倾向于; 有…的趋势
tend to do sth. 易于做某事;往往会做某事
tend (to) the sick 护理病人
display artistic tendencies 显示出对艺术的偏好
criminal tendencies 有犯罪倾向
【精品例句】
The sort of music I listen to varies, but it tends toward light music.
我所听的音乐形形色色，不过 一般都是轻音乐
I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.
在读或听的时候，我往往会在头脑中形成图像
I would like to tend the store for you while you're away.你不在时我愿意替你照看店铺。
a tendency towards/to regional cooperation地区性合作的趋势
He has a tendency to forget things.他好忘事。
【高考链接】
The Swiss tend ____ (be) formal and address each other by last name. (浙江) (to be)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There is a tendency _____ regional cooperation. (towards/to)
●本单元重要词组
16. by contrast 相比之下
In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. (教材P38)
By contrast, his sister is outgoing and gentle.
17. by comparison (with )(与…) 相比较
By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. (教材P38)
But industry experts say they think the team is small by comparison with others doing substantial online business.
Their wholesale funding costs have soared by comparison with their Swiss, US and some UK counterparts.
18. straighten up 直起(身)来；整理/收拾整齐
Scientists have found that when we feel proud and powerful, we usually straighten up to make ourselves bigger. (教材P40)
You should straighten up your room before going out.
Straighten yourself up. 把自己整理打扮一下
She had accounts to straighten up. 他有些账目得整理
Straighten up your desk, OK
The old man got up, straightened his tie, and walked up to the stage.
19. in other words 换句话说，也就是说
Tom is ill, in other words he won’t come to the meeting.
20. call on （短暂）拜访某人；要求/号召；正式邀请
Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. (教材P44)
Yesterday we called on the famous scientist when we came back from school.
The government called on the citizens not to go out when the conflict took place.
21. at work 有某种影响；在工作
However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. (教材P44)
The flood was at work in the village a few days ago, so they are lacking in food and water now.
With your antivirus software at work, your computer is well protected.
●句型点拨
1. 不定式短语作后置定语的两种特殊情况
【原句再现】
For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. (教材P38)
句式分析：不定式短语to display interest作后置定语，修饰a way。
【能力拓展】
※ 在the first, the second, the last, the next, the only等词和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
※ 在time, ability, promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。
※ 在way, chance, opportunity后常用动词不定式作后置定语，但也可以用of doing 作后置定语
【精品例句】
The best way to travel is to take a high speed train.
最好的旅行方式是坐高铁。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave．
他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
It's a good way to keep fit with more exercise.
多锻炼是保持健康的好方法。
The meetings were a way to get acquainted with each other.
这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。
The best way to deal with a tease is to ignore him.
对付爱捉弄人的人的最佳方法就是不搭理他。
【高考链接】
He is the only man ______ (know)the truth. (陕西卷) (to know)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The chance ________ (go)for a picnic has been ruined. (to)
2. when doing...
【原句再现】
In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. (教材P38)
句式分析：句中when talking to an older person是一个省略句，补全后为：when you are talking to an older person。
【能力拓展】
※ 当when，while，before，after，unless，as if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
【精品例句】
If you are accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.＝If accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.
如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。
When seeing the naughty child, the teacher sympathized to his mother.
当看到那个淘气的孩子时， 老师对他的母亲表示很同情。
I kept a diary every day while (I was)travelling.
在那次旅行期间，我每天都写日记。
【高考链接】
While _____________ (play) with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy.（山东卷）(playing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He won't come unless ________ (invite). (invited)
3. 比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义
【原句再现】
And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. (教材P39)
句式分析：句中nothing better than是比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。
【能力拓展】
●最高级意义的多种表达法：
※ 否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
※ 否定词＋so/as ＋形容词/副词原级＋as
※ 比较级＋ than＋all the other + 复数名词
※ 比较级＋ than＋the other + 复数名词
※ 比较级＋ than＋any other + 单数名词
※ 比较级＋ than＋any of the other 复数名词
※ 比较级＋ than＋anything/anyone else
【精品例句】
What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one．
多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。
Li Yang studies harder than anyone else in his class．
李洋在班里学习最努力。
I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon.
在夏季炎热的下午，我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。
Personally, she would like nothing better than to accept this invitation.
就她个人来说，她巴不得接受这次邀请。
Peter likes nothing better than going to the coast and messing about in his boat.
彼得最喜欢去海边，毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。
【高考链接】
Tom is _______ (intelligent)than any other student/all the other students in his class. (湖北卷) (more intelligent)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I have never spent a more _______ (worry) day. (worrying)
No other book has had a greater effect on my life ______ this experience. (than)
●动名词特辑（详见语法课件）
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