Unit5 WORKING THE LAND语法-精讲破
主语从句
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的作用相当于名词词组,在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。根据从句在句中的语法功能分类,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句需用陈述句语序。
引导名词性从句的词有:
连词 that、whether、if、because、as if、as though. 起连接作用,在从句中不充当成分
连接代词 who、 whoever、 whose、what、whatever、which、 whichever、whom、 whomever 起连接作用,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语或定语,有词义
连接副词 when、 where、how、why whenever、 wherever 起连接作用,在从句中充当状语,有词义
在句中充当主语的从句称为主语从句。主语从句中有以下常见情况:
1. that引导主语从句
观察
That he said nothing at the meeting made me puzzled.
他在会上一言不发使我迷惑不解。
That they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage.
他们拒绝在请愿书上签字需要很大的勇气。
归纳
that 引导主语从句无实际词汇意义,在从句中①____(充当/不充当)任何成分,只起连接作用。
2. it 作形式主语
观察
It is no wonder that he has achieved so much. 他收获这么多不足为奇。
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.
据报道,在那场事故中没有乘客受伤。
It goes without saying that it does harm to the environment.
不言而喻这确实对环境有害。
归纳
为避免句子结构不平衡,头重脚轻,可以用it作形式主语,把真正的主语即 that引导的从句移到后面。
( 1 ) it+be+(②)____+从句
( 2 ) it+be+名词+从句
( 3 ) it+be+③____+从句
( 4 ) it+特殊动词+从句
3. what引导主语从句
观察
What it was to become was uncertain until between and 3. 8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
直到45至38亿年前,当尘埃稳定下来凝聚成一个固体球,它会成为什么样子才得以确定。
What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down ,water began to appear on its surface.
甚至更重要的是随着地球冷却下来,水也开始出现在地球的表面上了。
What is known to us all is that the 2020 Winter Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
我们都知道的是2020年冬奥会将在北京举办。
Whatever I am saying applies to all of you. = Whatever lam saying, it applies to all of you.
无论我在说什么,都适用于你们所有人。
归纳
what引导主语从句,起连接作用,在从句中充当④_____ 、宾语、表语,可表示“……的事,……的样子”,范围⑤_____ (确定/不确定),指物、话、时间、地点、人物、数目等。whatever也可以引导主语从句,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,但 whatever表示“⑥_____ ”,范围⑦_____ (确定/不确定)。另外, whatever还可以与⑧_____ 互换,引导⑨_____ 从句。
4. whether和 if引导主语从句的区别观察
It makes no difference whether she comes. 她来不来没有影响。
Whether we can arrive there on time depends on the traffic.
我们能否按时到达那里要由交通状况而定。
It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京还不确定。
归纳
whether和 if引导主语从句,表示“是否”,起连接作用,在从句中⑩___(充当/不充当)成分。二者区别在于: if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句,若有it作形式主语,而把从句后置时则可用if引导。
链接高考完成句子
1. (2019北京,阅读理解D,★★★)在未来几十年里,无论海洋经历怎样的颜色变化,都可能是渐进的、不被注意的,但是它们可能意味着重要的变化。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes.
2. (2019北京,阅读理解C改编,★★)你正在听的声音是否真实还不确定。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ is real is not sure.
3. (2019课标全国ⅡI,完形填空改编,★★)不管是谁丢失了小狗,他可能都与小狗的关系很亲密,就像我和自己的狗一样。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs.
4. (2019课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B改编,★★)展会上将会探究几个世纪以来中国是如何刺激时尚想象力的。
_____ _____ _____ _____ the fashionable imagination for centuries will be explored at the exhibition.
5. (2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B改编,★★)为什么同一拨人会不断回来参与更多的活动被深刻理解了。
_____ _____ _____ _____ why the same people keep coming back for more.
6. (2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B,★★)然而,如果其他人在这个过程中受益,我也得到了一些回报,我的动机是什么重要吗
However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter _____ _____ _____ _____
7. (2019课标全国,阅读理解B,★★)中国一直是设计师的灵感来源,这不算什么秘密……
_____ _____ _____ _____ China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers. . .
8. (2019江苏,阅读理解B改编,★★)很久以来人们就知道黄石公园本质上具
备火山特征。
_____ _____ _____ _____ in nature has been known for a long time.
9. (2019江苏,任务型阅读,★★)进化应该选择更大的大脑似乎是显而易见的。
_____ _____ _____ _____ evolution should select for larger brains.
10. ( 2019课标全国Ⅲ,短文改错,★)
_____ I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.
11. (2019天津,阅读表达改编,)
_____ doesn’t matter what he’s doing or where he is.
12. (2019江苏,阅读理解C改编,★★★) _____ change is happening today is the result of great technological progress.
13. ( 2019江苏,阅读理解C改编, ★★) It remains a question _____ this is what the developing countries need the most.
14. (2019北京,阅读理解B改编,★★) It was recommended _____ she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
15. (2019江苏,阅读理解C,★★)Why does _____ matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes
16. ( 2019江苏,任务型阅读改编,★★) _____ this is a good way to survive is definitely an obvious conclusion.
答案:
①不充当②形容词 ③动词的-ed形式 ④主语 ⑤确定 ⑥无论什么 ⑦不确定 ⑧no matter what ⑨让步状语 ⑩不充当
1. Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences
2. Whether the voice you’re hearing
3. Whoever lost the dog
4. How China has fueled
5. It is deeply understood
6. where my motivation lies
7. It’s no secret that
8. That Yellowstone is volcanic
9. It seems obvious that
10. What考查 主语从句。句意:我想要的不仅仅是一杯普通的咖啡,而是非常特殊的一-杯。is是主句的谓语,之前的部分是主句的主语, What引导主语从
句,表示“我想要的东西”。
11. It 考查形式主语。句意:他在做什么或他在哪儿都不重要。what 和where 引导的从句是真正的主语,此处应用It作形式主语。
12. Whatever考 查主语从句。句意:今天无论发生什么改变都是伟大的技术进步的结果。Whatever 修饰change表示“无论什么样的改变”,Whatever change作主语从句的主语。
13. whether考查主语从句。 句意:这是否是发展中国家最需要的还是一个问题。It 作形式主语,设空处引导的从句为真正的主语。由句意可知填whether。
14. that考查主语从句。句意:建议她应该做些研究,和牙医讨论一下更健康的糖会含有什么成分。It 作形式主语, that引导的从句为真正的主语, that不能省略。
15. it考查形式主语。 句意:为什么人们对最近的变化印象更深刻很重要呢 that引导的从句放在句尾. 作真正的主语,此处应用it作形式主语。
16. That考查主语从句。 句意:当然这是存活下来的一个好的方法是一一个明显的结论。设空处引导主语从句,从句中不缺成分,且设空处在从句中无意义,故填That。