【好题精选】任务型阅读（阅读表达）-2023年中考英语专题疯狂练（第一期）（青海省）（含解析）

【好题精选】任务型阅读（阅读表达）-2023年中考英语专题疯狂练（第一期）（青海省）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读补全句子
根据短文内容，用符合语义及语法规则的词填空。每空一词。
As a traditional art form of the Dai people, Dai embroidery(傣绣) has been passed down for generations(代). Nowadays, there are more than 500 Dai embroidery artists in Yuxi, a central city in Yunnan that is home to the Dai people.
Seeing a group of wild Asian elephants wandering(游荡) from a place to another in Yunnan, the artists came up with the idea of creating embroidery pieces about the elephant family that arrived in Yuxi in April and wandered around the area for quite a long time.
Since leaving their forest home in Xishuangbanna in March, 2020, the elephants have traveled over 500 kilometers. They walked northwards through forests, villages and even highways, without any clear sign of where they would go. Their unusual journey has won them fauns from all over the world, including the Dai embroidery artists.
One of the artists’ embroidery pieces, called Where are the elephants , shows the elephants’ Journey across Yuxi. The ancient skills of the Dai people are shown in this work. For example, several thumb-sized shoes connect three locations on the elephants’ trip. Besides, the artists used Dai Jin to make the three elephants on the embroidery piece. The beautiful cloth(布料), known for its special patterns and bright colors, is one of China’s intangible cultural heritage items(非物质文化遗产项目).
1．Dai embroidery has been passed down for generations among the ________ ________.
2．There are ________ ________ artists in Yuxi are working on it now.
3．In ________, ________, the elephant family left their home and started traveling northwards and nobody knows ________ they would like to go.
4．Where are the elephants shows the Dai people’s ________ ________.
5．The three elephants on the embroidery piece were made with Dai Jin, which is ________ for its special patterns and bright colors.
根据短文内容，用符合语义及语法规则的词填空，每空一词。
Smartphones have become an important and necessary part of our daily lives. However, the overuse of smartphones may cause younger students’ eye problems and stop them paying attention to their studies.
In China, primary and middle school have had more rules to limit students’ mobile phone use at school since January. Those who require their phones for some reasons must get their parents’ and teachers’ emission (允许) and hand their phones over during class time, in some schools, there is a box out of the classroom for specially storing students’ phones. This is obviously good for improving students’ focus on study and fighting addiction (瘾) to the internet.
According to a repot, China had 175 million internet users under the age of 18 in 2019, with 74 percent having their own mobile phones. This is worrying, as long-time use of smartphones harms children’s eyesight, neck and even the brain. Besides, spending too much time on the phone will take their attention away and prevent them from learning.
6．Everyone needs a smartphone because it’s __________ and __________ in our daily lives.
7．In China, mobile phones __________ not __________ to carry to schools freely since January.
8．Students can’t go to school with their smartphones __________ their parents and teachers __________.
9．A way to limit students’ phone use is to put a __________ to __________ them out of the classroom.
10．Too much using of smartphones isn’t __________ __________ children’s eyesight, neck and brain.
根据短文内容，用符合语义及语法规则的词填空，每空一词。
It is common to experience culture shock when living in a foreign country for a certain period of time. Culture shock is the uncomfortable feeling of uncertainty that many people experience when they live in other surroundings (环境). It is a quite natural part of being used to a new environment.
Some good ways to successfully reduce and overcome culture shock are to read about the place where you will be staying and the things you will be doing. If possible, speak with someone who has already lived in the new environment.
Once you are there, keep in mind that people and customs may be very different from what you are used to. If you have realized the difficulties and misunderstandings that may happen to you, you will keep a cool head, and keeping an open mind will allow you to find ways of dealing with those problems that may appear.
If it is possible, try your best to talk with the local people and ask them questions Don’t try to isolate (孤立) yourself, even if it is within a group of people from your own country. Local people will generally be pleased to introduce you their culture and willing to answer questions. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. When you want to learn something from local people, they are usually willing to share their culture with you.
Most importantly, keep a sense of humor! Don’t be too hard on yourself if you don’t know what to do in a social situation. Laugh at yourself and others will laugh with you. Most people will admire your wisdom and effort to understand their ways, especially if you have no idea of small cultural differences.
11．People usually have a (n) ________ feeling of ________ when living abroad for some time.
12．Try to ________ with those people who have been there for a period of time.
13．Realizing the possible difficulties and misunderstandings can help you keep ________.
14．Avoid isolating yourself and try to find chances to communicate with the ________ people. They will be happy to share their ________ with you.
15．________ ________ ________ is a good way to show your wisdom. Your effort will be ________ by most people.
根据短文内容，用符合语义及语法规则的词填空，每空一词。
When you look at the map of the Tengger Desert (腾格尔沙谟), you will see a “green wall” in the southwest. It prevents Wuwei City of Gansu Province from sandstorms.
With an area of over 8,000 mu, the “green wall” was planted by Wang Tianchang and his family. They have done this great job for over 20 years.
In his seventies now, Wang Tianchang is an ordinary farmer from Gansu Province. He and his family live in a small village close to the Tengger Desert. People there once suffered (承受) a lot from sandstorms for a long time. To protect the farms and houses and hold the sand back, Wang Tianchang decided to do something. In 1999, Wang planted his first plant in the desert and started his life of sand control.
It is never easy to bring life on the desert. In the beginning, Wang had no experience with desert plants. The sand covered the holes that he dug very soon. The wind rooted out (连根拔起) the seeds (种子) that he planted. It was a big challenge, but he never gave up.
His family helped him a lot, especially his son Wang Yinji. To plant more trees, the two of them even lived in the desert for about six years. They found grass to sleep on as their beds.
Thanks to Wang’s “green wall”, Wuwei City sees much fewer sandstorms. Wang has brought back not only green to the desert but also hopes to the people there. He is our hero!
16．The underlined word “It” refer to ________.
17．Wang Tianchang and his family have planted the “green wall” for ________ ________ years.
18．The reason why Wang Tianchang and his family wanted to control the sand is to protect the ________ and ________ and hold the ________ back.
19．His ________ helped Wang Tianchang a lot when he planted the “green wall”.
20．________ Wang’s “green wall”, Wuwei City sees much fewer sandstorms.
根据短文内容，用符合语义及语法规则的词填空，每空一词。
What are some things in your life that give you too much stress Find out what you can do about it.
School Work and Grades
As a student, school work and grades are at the top of your stress list. Even if your school grades are not so bad, you may still fear that you may not do as well as you expect. Heavily learning burden is another cause for worry.
Why not take it easy by leaving extra time to study and take frequent breaks to avoid being so tired Manage your time carefully and do not put things off.
Friendships and Relationships
Have you ever been concerned with not having enough friends,or not being in the same class as your best friends These, along with other issues such as peer pressure and interpersonal disagreements and arguments, are other common stress.
It is important to know how to choose your circle of friends wisely. Do not “hide” in your own “nest”. Make friends when you join school activities. Make plans to meet with your friends from other classes during break time. Know that everyone is unique and different—do not compare yourself with others.
Poor Diet and Lack of Sleep
Do you know that eating too much fast food and junk food can lead to mood changes, lack of energy and other negative effects These convenience food which have less nutrition (营养) may cause other health issues. Some students suffer from sleep problems too. When that happens, they behave poorly in class.
Learn to make wise food choices that you can enjoy. Well plan and arrange your daily pleting all school tasks, going to bed at a set time every night. Avoid playing computer games or smartphone before you sleep. Do see a doctor if your sleeping problems continue.
21．________ school work ________ grades are the main stress for students.
22．In order not to ________ ________, students can leave extra time to study and take frequent breaks.
23．Don’t compare yourself with others, you are not the ________ ________ any other person in the world.
24．Less nutritious food and sleep problems can make students ________ ________ at school.
25．Wise food choices and healthy life style may ________ your sleeping ________.
Pollution is a serious problem nowadays. It affects our lives and makes many animals in danger. We should do something to help reduce pollution: But what should we do The following ideas may help.
1. Tell your family, your friends and other people you know to make as less rubbish as they can.
2. Recycle as much “waste” as you can. Or don’t buy things which will become waste. You can use plates made of china and forks made of steel thousands of times. Plastic plates and knives last once and then become waste.
3. If you want to go somewhere, try to walk or use a bicycle. Cars are big polluters for air pollution.
4. See if you can buy food which has been grown locally. Some farmers deliver vegetables and other foods. Buying local foods means almost no transport is needed.
5. Some shops and supermarkets will deliver things to your home. You can even shop online. This means your family doesn’t need to drive to pick up your food. One supermarket truck can bring things to many families...saving lots of car journeys. Think about it.
根据短文内容，用符合语义及语法规则的词填空，每空一词。
26．Pollution affects our lives and makes many animals ________ ________.
27．Using ________ made of china and ________ made of steel can reduce waste pollution.
28．If we want to reduce air pollution, we should walk or ________ ________ ________.
29．The article mainly tells us five tips to ________ ________.
30．We should learn to ________ the environment from being polluted.
Camels(骆驼) are amazing animals. They aren’t the most beautiful animals in the world. But they are certainly the most useful animals in the hot areas such as North Africa and the Middle East. They usually help people carry things. Now let’s learn more about camels.
There are two kinds of camels on the Earth. They are Arabian(阿拉伯的) camels and Asian camels. Arabian camels are dromedaries(单峰骆驼), but Asian camels are bactrians(双峰骆驼).
An adult camel is about 2 meters tall and about 500 kilograms in weight. Its legs are long. And its feet are big and soft. Most of the camels can live for about 40 years, but they usually stop working when they are about 25.
Camels live alone in the desert(沙漠). They aren’t afraid of the hot and cold weather. Their main food is grass, leaves and bushes. They can walk for more than 600 kilometers and don’t need to drink water. They only need to drink water every six or eight days. But when there is water, they can drink up to 90 liters(升). Camels walk slowly. They don’t like running because it’s too hot. But if they need, they can run at 20 kilometers an hour.
根据短文内容，用短文中符合语义及语法规则的词填空，每空一词。
31．There are two kinds of camels on the Earth. They are ________ camels and ________ camels.
32．Camels live ________ in the desert areas ________ ________ North Africa and the Middle East.
33．________ camel can live for about 40 years, but they usually don’t ________ any more at 25.
34．They mainly live on ________, ________ and bushes.
35．They only need to drink water every six or ________ days.
A new city will be built in New Mexico, United Sates and seems the same as any other city, except for one big difference. There won’t be any people living in the city.
It will work as a testing ground（试验田）for futuristic technology. The new city is going to cost 1 billion dollars to build. When people around the world think of the new technology for cities in the future, they will be able to test it in the new city. Driverless cars, drones （无人机）, robots and different power systems are all ideas for the new city. In fact, anybody with a new idea can ask to test it. There will be no danger if anything goes wrong, because no people will be in the new city.
The new city is the idea of technology company Pegasus Global Holdings.
36．A new city which will be built in New Mexico seems ________ any other city, except for one big difference.
37．________ will live in the new city, because it will work as a testing ground for futuristic technology.
38．The new city is going to cost ________ dollars to build.
39．Driverless cars, drones, robots and ________ are all ideas for the new city.
40．It will be ________ if anything goes wrong in the new city.
Which topic drew the most attention from people around the world in 2019 It was climate (气候) change, according to three well-known English dictionaries.
The Oxford, Collins and Cambridge dictionaries chose “climate emergency”, “climate strike” and “upcycling”, respectively, as their “Word of the Year”. This tells us that climate change was a widely-discussed issue (话题) in 2019.
“Climate emergency” means a situation in which urgent action is needed to reduce climate change. “Climate strike” refers to people leaving work or school to call for more action to protect the environment. “Upcycling” refers to making new items out of old or used items to reduce waste.
Climate change has already affected the world in many ways. Take Venice, for example. Due to climate change, Venice experienced the worst flooding (洪水) it has seen in the last 50 years in 2019. Many stores, restaurants and hotels were flooded. This caused serious damage totaling hundreds of millions of euros (欧元).
Although we’ve known about global warming (全球变暖) for a long time, people have been slow to respond to it. The year 2019 might have been the turning point that will finally encourage us to take responsibility.
“Ten years ago, when the science on the climate issue was first increasing, the influences could be seen as an issue for future generations (子孙后代),” Katharine, a climate scientist, told The New York Times. “It’s no doubt our issue now.”
However, simply realizing that climate change is a threat (威胁) is not enough. We must take real action before it is too late.
根据短文内容，用符合语义及语法规则的词填空，每空一词。
41．The words “Climate Emergency”, “Climate Strike” and “Upcycling” talked about ________________ ________________, which was the hot issue in 2019.
42．“Climate strike” means people call for more action to protect the environment ________________ ________________ working or going to school.
43．In 2019, Venice lost hundreds of millions of euros because many ____________, ____________ and __________ were flooded.
44．What Katharine said means that ____________ ____________ for us to think over the issue of climate change.
45．We must do something on climate change ____________ than simply think it is a threat.
参考答案：
1． Dai people 2． over 500 3． March 2020 where 4． ancient skills 5．known
【导语】本文主要讲解了傣族刺绣的历史以及介绍刺绣作品之一《大象到哪了》。
1．根据“As a traditional art form of the Dai people, Dai embroidery has been passed down for generations.”可知，傣族刺绣作为傣族的传统艺术形式代代相传，即傣族刺绣在傣族中代代相传。故填Dai；people。
2．根据“Nowadays, there are more than 500 Dai embroidery artists in Yuxi, a central city in Yunnan that is home to the Dai people.”可知，如今玉溪有500多名傣族刺绣艺术家，玉溪是云南的中心城市，也是傣族的家园。故填over；500。
3．根据“Since leaving their forest home in Xishuangbanna in March, 2020, the elephants have traveled over 500 kilometers. They walked northwards through forests, villages and even highways, without any clear sign of where they would go.”可知2020年3月，大象离开家，开始向北旅行。他们向北走，穿过森林、村庄甚至高速公路，却没有任何明确的去向，所以没有人知道大象要去哪里。故填March；2020；where。
4．根据“The ancient skills of the Dai people are shown in this work.”可知这部作品展现了傣族古老的技艺。故填ancient；skills。
5．根据“The beautiful cloth, known for its special patterns and bright colors, is one of China’s intangible cultural heritage items.”可知，这种美丽的布料以其独特的图案和鲜艳的颜色而闻名，是中国的非物质文化遗产之一。故填known。
6． important necessary 7． are allowed 8． unless agree 9． box store 10． good for
【导语】本文主要介绍了过度使用智能手机可能会导致学生的眼睛问题，使他们无法集中注意力学习。中国中小学已经出台了更多限制学生在学校使用手机的规定。
6．根据“Smartphones have become an important and necessary part of our daily lives.”可知，智能手机已经成为我们日常生活中重要和必要的一部分。故填important；necessary。
7．根据“In China, primary and middle school have had more rules to limit students’ mobile phone use at school since January.”可知，中国中小学已经出台了更多限制学生在学校使用手机的规定。be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”，主语mobile phones是复数，be动词用are。故填are；allowed。
8．根据“Those who require their phones for some reasons must get their parents’ and teachers’emission (允许) and hand their phones over during class time,”可知，此处可以表达为“除非父母和老师同意，否则学生不能带着智能手机去学校”，unless“除非”，agree“同意”符合题意。故填unless；agree。
9．根据“there is a box out of the classroom for specially storing students’ phones.”可知，教室外面有一个盒子，专门用来存放学生的手机。故第一空填box，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故第二空填store。故填box；store。
10．根据“This is worrying, as long-time use of smartphones harms children’s eyesight, neck and even the brain.”可知，长期使用智能手机会损害儿童的视力、颈部甚至大脑。be good for“对……有好处”。故填good；for。
11． uncomfortable uncertainty 12．speak 13．cool 14． local culture 15． Laughing at yourself admired
【导语】本文主要为到国外生活的人提出了克服文化冲击的几点建议。
11．根据“Culture shock is the uncomfortable feeling of uncertainty that many people experience when they live in other surroundings (环境).”可知，在国外生活一段时间后，人们通常会有一种不安的不确定感，也就是文化冲击。故填uncomfortable；uncertainty。
12．根据“If possible, speak with someone who has already lived in the new environment.”可知，要试着与那些在那里待了一段时间的人交谈，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填speak。
13．根据“If you have realized the difficulties and misunderstandings that may happen to you, you will keep a cool head”可知，认识到可能的困难和误解可以帮助你保持冷静，keep cool“保持冷静”。故填cool。
14．根据“If it is possible, try your best to talk with the local people…they are usually willing to share their culture with you.”可知，要尽量找机会与当地人交流，他们很乐意与你分享他们的文化。故填local；culture。
15．根据“Laugh at yourself and others will laugh with you. Most people will admire your wisdom and effort to understand their ways”可知，自嘲是展示智慧的好方法，这个做法会受到大多数人的赞赏。laugh at yourself“自嘲”，用动名词形式作主语；admire“赞赏”，用过去分词形式，与will be构成一般将来时的被动语态。故填Laughing；at；yourself；admired。
16．the “green wall” 17． over 20##twenty 18． farms houses sand 19．family, especially his son Wang Yinji
20．Thanks to
【导语】本文主要介绍了王天昌及其家人在沙漠中建造绿色屏障的事情，绿色屏障不仅使得武威市的沙尘暴大大减少，也给沙漠带来了绿色，同时也给那里的人们带来了希望。
16．根据上文“When you look at the map of the Tengger Desert (腾格尔沙谟), you will see a ‘green wall’ in the southwest.”当你看腾格尔沙漠地图时，你会在西南方向看到一堵“绿墙”。结合本句“It prevents Wuwei City of Gansu Province from sandstorms.”它可以防止甘肃省武威市的沙尘暴。由此可知，此处“It”指代上文提到的“green wall”。故填the “green wall”。
17．根据“With an area of over 8,000 mu, the ‘green wall’ was planted by Wang Tianchang and his family. They have done this great job for over 20 years.”可知，“绿墙”占地8000多亩，是王天昌及其家人种植的。他们做这项伟大的工作已经有20多年了。故填over；20/twenty。
18．根据“To protect the farms and houses and hold the sand back, Wang Tianchang decided to do something.”可知王天昌治沙的目的是想保护农场和房屋，阻挡沙子。故填farms；houses；sand。
19．根据“His family helped him a lot, especially his son Wang Yinji.”可知在王天昌种植“绿墙”的时候，他的家人，尤其是他的儿子王银吉，给了他很大的帮助。故填family, especially his son Wang Yinji。
20．根据“Thanks to Wang’s ‘green wall’, Wuwei City sees much fewer sandstorms.”可知，多亏了王天昌的“绿墙”，武威市的沙尘暴少了很多。故填Thanks to。
21． Both and 22． be/ get/ become tired 23． same as 24． behave/ work/ do poorly/ badly 25． solve problems
【分析】本文介绍了几种生活中常见的压力，并就此提出了一些解决办法。
21．根据“As a student, school work and grades are at the top of your stress list”可知，学业和成绩都是学生的主要压力，用both…and连接并列主语，故填Both；and。
22．根据“Why not take it easy by leaving extra time to study and take frequent breaks to avoid being so tired”可知，为了不那么累，学生可以留额外的时间学习和经常休息，be tired或get tired或become tired表示“变得很累”，in order not to do sth“为了不做某事”，故填be/get/become；tired。
23．根据“Know that everyone is unique and different—do not compare yourself with others.”可知，不要拿自己和其他人对比，每个人都是独一和不同的，unique=not the same as，故填same；as。
24．根据“These convenience food which have less nutrition (营养) may cause other health issues. Some students suffer from sleep problems too. When that happens, they behave poorly in class”可知，缺乏营养的食物和睡眠问题会使学生在学校表现不佳，behave或work或do表示“表现”，副词poorly或badly表示“差地”，故填behave/work/do；poorly/badly。
25．根据“Learn to make wise food choices that you can enjoy…Do see a doctor if your sleeping problems continue”可知，明智的食物选择和健康的生活方式可以解决你的睡眠问题，情态动词may后接动词原形，故填solve；problems。
26． in danger 27． plates forks 28． use a bicycle 29． reduce pollution 30．protect
【分析】本文介绍了污染对我们的生活造成的危害，告诉我们在日常生活中应当如何做才能减少污染。
26．根据“It affects our lives and makes many animals in danger.”可知，它影响我们的生活，使许多动物处于危险之中。故填in；danger。
27．根据“You can use plates made of china and forks made of steel thousands of times.”可知，使用瓷器做的盘子和钢制的叉子可以减少废物污染。故填plates；forks。
28．根据“If you want to go somewhere, try to walk or use a bicycle.”可知，如果你想去某个地方，尽量走路或骑自行车。故填use；a；bicycle。
29．根据“We should do something to help reduce pollution: But what should we do The following ideas may help.”可知，本文介绍了减少污染的方法。故填reduce；pollution。
30．根据“Pollution is a serious problem nowadays.”以及下文的介绍可知，我们应该学会保护环境不受污染。故填protect。
31． Arabian Asian 32． alone such as 33． Most work 34． grass leaves 35．eight
【分析】短文主要讲述了沙漠之舟——骆驼。它们不是世界上最美的动物，但是它们是最有用的动物。世界上有两种骆驼：阿拉伯和亚洲的骆驼。
31．根据“There are two kinds of camels on the Earth. They are Arabian(阿拉伯的) camels and Asian camels.”可知，有两种骆驼，是阿拉伯和亚洲的骆驼。故填Arabian；Asian。
32．根据“But they are certainly the most useful animals in the hot areas such as North Africa and the Middle East.”以及“Camels live alone in the desert(沙漠).”可知，骆驼独自居住在沙漠里，它们通常在北非和中东等热带地区，故填alone；such as。
33．根据“Most of the camels can live for about 40 years, but they usually stop working when they are about 25.”可知，大部分骆驼能活到40多岁，但是它们通常大约25岁的时候就会停止工作，故填Most；work。
34．根据“Their main food is grass, leaves and bushes.”可知，它们以草，树叶和灌木丛为生，故填grass；leaves。
35．根据“They only need to drink water every six or eight days.”可知，它们只需要每6到8天喝一次水。故填eight。
36．the same as 37．Nobody 38．1 billion 39．different power systems 40．safe
【分析】本文主要讲述了即将建设一个新城市，特点是没人，用作技术测试基地，优点是没有危险性，也不会影响人们生活。
36．根据“A new city will be built in New Mexico, United Sates and seems the same as any other city, except for one big difference”可知，这座新城市看起来和其他城市一样，故填the same as。
37．根据“There won’t be any people living in the city”可知，没人会住在这座新城市里，nobody“没有人”。故填Nobody。
38．根据“The new city is going to cost 1 billion dollars to build”可知，这座城市预计要花费10亿美元，故填1 billion。
39．根据“Driverless cars, drones （无人机）, robots and different power systems are all ideas for the new city”可知，无人驾驶汽车、无人机、机器人和不同的电力系统都是新城的构想，故填different power systems。
40．根据“There will be no danger if anything goes wrong, because no people will be in the new city”可知，如果出了问题，也不会有危险，no danger=safe，故填safe。
41． climate change 42． instead of 43． stores restaurants hotels 44． it's time 45．rather
【分析】本文是根据The Oxford，Collins和Cambridge三本词典的搜索频率最高的词引出关于气候变化的问题。本文主要分为三个部分，第一部分是在2019年人们对气候变化的关注度最高；第二部分是举例说明气候变化对世界的影响；第三部分是阐述关于解决气候变化问题的责任。最后呼吁大家关注气候变化问题。
41．根据第2段中“The Oxford, Collins and Cambridge dictionaries chose ‘climate emergency’, ‘climate strike’ and ‘upcycling’, respectively, as their ‘Word of the Year’. This tells us that climate change was a widely-discussed issue in 2019.”可知这三个词都在讨论气候变化。故填climate change。
42．根据第3段中“ ‘Climate strike’ refers to people leaving work or school to call for more action to protect the environment.”可知“气候罢工”指的是人们离开工作或学校，这里是说呼吁采取更多行动来保护环境，而不是去工作或上学，结合空后“working or going ...”是动名词形式，可推出此处用instead of表示“而不是”。故填instead of。
43．根据第4段中“Many stores, restaurants and hotels were flooded.”可知此处是说许多商店、餐馆和酒店被淹没。故答案为stores; restaurants; hotels。
44．根据倒数第二段中“It’s no doubt our issue now.”可知，我们是时候考虑气候变化的问题了，结合空后“for us to think over”可推出此处用it's time for sb. to do sth.“是某人做某事的时候了”。故填it's time。
45．根据最后一段中“However, simply realizing that climate change is a threat is not enough. We must take real action before it is too late.”可知关于气候变化，我们必须更多地采取行动而不是简单想想它是个威胁。结合空后than可推出要用rather than表示“而不是”，连接并列的谓语结构。故答案为rather。