课件29张PPT。专题七 书面表达 书面表达是全国各地中考的必考题型，该题型重在考查学生运用所学语言基础知识正确遣词造句的能力以及连句成篇的语言组织能力。初中英语书面表达的考查形式包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，其中以应用文、记叙文为主，内容较简单，且大多带有提示，对文采、修辞要求很低，只要根据所给的提示把主要内容设法充分地表达出来即可。因此，在具体写作中可以运用以下策略： （一） 细审题目， 拟定提纲。
在进行写作之前，务必把写作要求认真完整地看一遍, 确定对要写的内容、文章体裁进行整体性的思考。根据题目中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾。设想几个承上启下的连词，将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。 （二）简洁通顺，行文流畅。
这是根据审题时定出的时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾，以及列出的提纲和要点，把各部分内容细化的过程。写作应注意语言简洁、通顺，表达正确，切中要点。在连词成句，连句成篇时应注意以下几点：
(1)尽量使用自己最熟悉、最有把握的句型和短语表达。但也要尽量使句型多样化，如适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句，进一步描绘人或事物时，适当使用定语从句等，不要一个句式到底，使人觉得乏味； (2)语句通顺，要用英语思维和表达，切忌汉语式英语。时态、语态要正确，主谓要一致，注意人称代词、物主代词用法等；
(3) 层次要清楚，行文要连贯流畅。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此考生应尽量使用and, or, (al)though，but, however，because, so等词，以便使行文自然流畅；
(4)不会表达，另辟蹊径。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。 （三）书写工整, 标点正确。
卷面整洁与否也是能否得高分的重要因素之一。卷面不整洁, 使人无法看清你写的究竟是什么, 那么只能按错处理了。另外, 拼写、标点也不可忽视, 标点符号特别要注意汉英之间句号、句点的不同，即汉语是句号“。”，而英语是句点“. ”。 考点一 应用文
常见的应用文有启事、贺卡、便条、电话留言、日记、书信等，在近几年中考试题中，以书信（电子邮件）居多。预计2013年中考应用文仍将重内容、轻格式，仍以书信（电子邮件）为主流题型。（2012·丽水中考）
本周，你们班来了位外籍教师Margaret。假如你是李明，请用英语给Margaret写一封信，描述你们班英语学习的现状并表达你的愿望。注意：（1）表格中的内容仅供参考，允许自由发挥。
（2）信的格式及首尾已给出，不计入总词数。
（3）词数：80~100。
Dear Margaret,
I am Li Ming, a student in the class. ___________________
______________________________________________________
Looking forward to a big change in our class.
Yours,
Li Ming【写作指导】
本文是一封学生写给老师的信，属应用文。主要内容是向老师说明班内英语学习的现状并表达自己的愿望。行文中在罗列现状时注意连词and, also, so的运用，并注意现状与愿望之间的前后对照。【参考范文】
Dear Margaret,
I am Li Ming, a student in the class. I am writing to tell you about our English learning. At present, we have a lot of written work to do. Also, we speak too much Chinese in class, which doesn’t help a lot. And we are learning too much grammar. It’s just difficult and boring. Besides, we don’t like copying texts, either. . . So I hope in your class, we can have more activities like discussion or role playing. Don’t you think they will help to practice speaking English? And we’ll be happy if we can learn some English songs or watch English movies.
Looking forward to a big change in our class.
Yours,
Li Ming 考点二 记叙文
记叙文也是中考书面表达的主要考查形式，重点考查学生的“述说”和“描写”能力。考查话题越来越丰富，如周末（节假日）活动、郊游、志愿活动等等，总是与学生的日常生活有着密切的联系，是各地中考最常见的命题形式。（2012·北京中考）
生活中每个人都有过与他人分享的体验，如分享一本有趣的书、一段难忘的经历、一个闪光的想法……现在，某英文报纸就分享(Sharing)这一话题征文，请你投稿。描述一次你与他人分享的经历，并谈谈你的感受。
提示词语：share. . . with. . . ; experience; interest; learn; change; encourage; enjoy; happiness; confident
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】
本文是一篇记叙文，可以通过记叙生活中的一次经历及其感受来表现主题（Sharing）。因为是过去的一次经历，所以行文应主要使用一般过去时。
记叙文的三大要素：时间、地点、人物一般不能缺失，文章可以按事情发生的经过进行叙述。在行文中既要注意提示词语的运用，也要注意when, after, and, then, from now on等词的运用。【参考范文】
I had an experience of sharing. When my family moved, I had to go to a new school and study in a new class. The first test made me so nervous that I failed. I got worried and felt helpless until one of my new classmates came up to me and asked softly if I was OK. After I told him about my problem, he gave me some advice. From then on, we got to know each other and shared our ideas, problems, and happiness. We became good friends. Sharing with friends helped me bring back my confidence and fit in with others. 考点三 说明文
中考英语说明文主要考查对客观具体事物的说明及对主观抽象观念的说明，即事物说明文和事理说明文。近年来各地中考试题中对事理性说明文的考查有增加的趋势。（2011·绵阳中考）
有两名国际交流生想加入你们学校的英语俱乐部。请你根据下面的日程表，用英语给他们介绍俱乐部每周的活动安排。
☆☆学校英语俱乐部活动日程表注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，但文中不能出现学校的真名。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】
本文是一篇说明文，主要内容是向两名国际交流生介绍英语俱乐部每周的活动安排，由此确定行文使用一般现在时，人称使用第一人称。同时，该文章有一定的交际性，尤其是文章的开头语和结尾语，因此注意客套用语的使用。【参考范文】
Hello! Welcome to join in our English club. Let me tell you the calendar of our school English club. We have three activities every week. On Monday afternoon, we learn to sing English songs from 4：00 to 5：00 in Classroom 302. On Wednesday evening，we enjoy English movies from 7：30 to 9：00 on the second floor of the school library. On Friday afternoon, we have English conversations and English corner from 3：30 to 4：30 on the school indoor playground.
I hope you can join us. 考点四 议论文
议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。近年来，结合当今社会热点问题考查议论文写作的地市有上升的趋势。（2011·宿迁中考）
目前, 许多中学生不重视课外阅读。请你根据下表内容写一篇短文，对这一现状进行分析并提出建议。
要点：注意：1. 词数: 80左右（开头已给出的内容不计入总词数）；
2. 内容必须包括上表中的要点，可适当发挥，但不要逐字翻译；
3. 条理清楚、语句连贯；
4．文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名。
At present only a few students do some reading after class. Here are several reasons. ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】
本文是一篇议论文，可以先罗列学生不做课外阅读的原因，然后话锋一转，提出自己的论点——课外阅读有很多好处， 非常重要，并通过罗列阅读的好处来支持你的观点。最后，据此向学校或同学提出建议。【参考范文】
At present only a few students do some reading after class. Here are several reasons.
First of all, quite a lot of students have too much homework. Still others haven’t formed a habit of reading. They would rather spend their spare time on TV or on the Internet. However, reading is very helpful. Through reading we can learn more about the world. Besides, it can help us think better. Last but not least, reading can make our life more colorful.
Here are my suggestions. For one thing, teachers are supposed to limit the amount of our homework so that we can have more time to read. For another, it’s a good idea to form reading clubs and learn from each other. 课件48张PPT。专题一 单项选择 直接法
结合题干中的已有信息，直接利用相关语言知识得出正确答案的解题方法。例如：
（2011·绵阳中考）The young man plays _______ violin very well, but he plays _______ basketball badly.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; 不填【点拨】看到题干中play 后跟乐器名词、球类名词，我们可以直接利用这方面的相关知识 “play后跟乐器名词表示演奏某种乐器时加the; 后跟球类名词表示从事某种球类运动时不加冠词”，故选D。 关键词法
在题干中找到对快速而准确判断答案至关重要的词，从而找到解答此题的突破口。例如：
（2012·泰安中考）—Would you like some _______?
—Yes, a little please.
A. apple B. banana C. orange D. milk
【点拨】形容词little（少量的）是解决该问题的关键词，它应与不可数名词连用，故答案选D。 前后照应法
多用于以两个（以上）句子或对话形式命题的题目，联系上下文，把握隐含信息，准确找出答案。例如：
（2011·福州中考）— Where is Ben?
— He _______ to the teachers’ office. He will be back soon.
A. go B. has gone C. has been
【点拨】由答语的后一句“He will be back soon. ”可知Ben去了老师办公室还未回来，故答案选B。 排除法
根据题干提供的信息，先排除干扰项，缩小选择范围，然后再验证其他选项。例如：
（2011·衢州中考）Mrs. White _______ dinner when her son came home.
A. is cooking B. was cooking
C. are cooking D. were cooking
【点拨】根据题干的主语（Mrs. White）可排除C、D两选项；when引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时，故选B。 交际法
运用初中新课标要求的30个交际用语， 联系上下文直接解题。例如：
（2012·衢州中考）—Sally, I am going to Shanghai tomorrow.
— _______.
A. Well done B. With pleasure
C. Have a good trip D. Not at all【点拨】某人旅行前常用Have a good trip/time; Enjoy yourself (祝你旅行愉快！)等以示祝福。而Well done意为“做得好”，With pleasure. 意为“十分愿意”，Not at all. 意为“一点也不”。故答案选C。考点一 词义辨析
该题型将重点考查具体语境下的词义及词的用法辨析，尤其是拼写形式相似以及翻译成中文后字面意思相近的词。该题型考查的范围越来越广泛，包括名词、代词、动词、动词词组、形容词、副词、介词、连词等。1. （2012·济南中考）—Please drive _______ when you pass a school.
—OK.
A. nearly B. early C. slowly D. really2. （2012·扬州中考）—A latest Yangzhou Daily, please!
—Only one copy left. Would you like to have _______, sir?
A. one B. it C. this D. that
3. （2011·安徽中考）I hear our teacher will be back _______ three weeks’ time.
A. at B. in C. for D. after4. （2011·济南中考）—We don’t have any vegetables for dinner. Could you buy some _______?
—Yes, sure.
A. bananas B. milk
C. bread D. tomatoes
5. （2011·宜宾中考）—Look! How beautiful the car is!
—Yes, but it’s too _______ for me.
A. expensive B. high C. cheap D. low答案分析：
1. 选C。考查副词词义辨析。nearly“几乎”；early“提前”；slowly“慢”；really“的确；确实”。由句意“当路过学校时请_______ 驾驶”可知选C。
2. 选B。考查代词的辨析。one指代上文提到事物中的一个；it指代上文中的事物，是一种明确的特指；this和that作指示代词，分别指近处和远处的事物。由答语中可知只剩下一份《扬州日报》了，故选B，特指那一份报纸。3. 选B。考查介词的用法。at用于表示在几点（几分）；in后跟一段时间表示以现在为起点多长时间以后，用于一般将来时；for后跟一段时间表示某一动作（状态）持续的时间；after后一般跟时间点。句意为“我听说我们老师三周之后回来”。故选B。
4. 选D。考查名词词义辨析。banana“香蕉”，milk“牛奶”，bread“面包”，tomato“西红柿”。根据句意“——我们晚饭没有蔬菜了。你能去买一些_______吗？——好的。”可以判断须用tomato, 因为只有西红柿属于蔬菜。故选D。5. 选A。考查形容词词义辨析。expensive“贵的”；high“高的”；cheap“便宜的”；low“低的”。由关键词but可知，回答应是“是的，但是对我来说这辆车太贵了。”表示价格的高低用high/low, 表示物品的贵贱用expensive/cheap。故选A。考点二 固定搭配
该题型将重点考查不定式、动名词作宾语（宾语补足语）、同一个实义词与不同介词或副词搭配、不同实义词与同一介词或副词的搭配、名词短语中冠词的有无以及其他一些惯用法等。1. （2012·恩施中考）He _______ go out with his parents, but now he _______ staying at home alone.
A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to
C. use to; is used to2. （2012·荆州中考）—I don’t think we can find a new way to work out the problem.
—But we’d better not _______.
A. end up B. hand out
C. give up D. put out
3. （2011·乌鲁木齐中考）I think drinking milk is good _______ our health.
A. for B. to C. with D. at4. （2011·上海中考）We didn’t start our discussion _______ everybody arrived.
A. since B. if C. while D. until
5. （2011·柳州中考） My mother asked me _______ the room.
A. clean B. cleans C. to clean答案分析：
1. 选A。考查固定短语辨析。used to do“过去常常做……”；be used to doing“习惯于做……”，故选A。
2. 选C。考查动词短语辨析。end up“以……结束”；hand out“分发”；give up“放弃”；put out“扑灭”。根据对话语境可知选C，答语句意为“但是我们最好不要放弃”。3. 选A。句意为“我认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。”be good for 为固定短语，意为“对……有好处”。故选A。
4. 选D。 not. . . until . . . 是固定用法，意为“直到……才……”。句意为“直到人到齐了，我们才开始讨论。” 故选D。
5. 选C。考查固定短语 ask sb. to do sth. ，意为“要求（邀请）某人做某事”, 故选C。考点三 时态及语态
初中阶段主要接触了9种时态，历年中考考查最多的是现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般现在时。其中，have/has been to 和have/has gone to的区别以及含有条件（时间）状语从句的复合句的时态仍将是考查热点；被动语态重点考查一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态以及含有情态动词的被动语态。中考英语对时态和语态的考查越来越强调具体语境下的灵活选择运用，而不仅仅停留在标志性词语层面上的简单考查。1. (2012·铜仁中考)—I was at the cinema at nine o’clock yesterday evening. What about you?
—I _______ TV at home.
A. am watching B. was watching
C. will watch D. watched2. （2012·呼和浩特中考)No decision _______ about that matter yet. We are still considering it.
A. has been made B. has made
C. will be made D. will make
3. （2011·潍坊中考）If Tom _______ the game, we’ll give him a surprise.
A. win B. wins C. won D. winning 4. （2011·广东中考）—Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed?
— Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I _______ for her.
A. waited B. have waited
C. am waiting D. was waiting
5. （2011·台州中考）－I’ve got a ticket for the basketball game tonight.
－Cool! How _______ you _______ it?
A. had; got B. did; get
C. were; getting D. will; get答案分析：
1. 选B。考查过去进行时的用法。根据问句的过去具体时间at nine o’clock yesterday evening可知用过去进行时, 故选B。
2. 选A。考查现在完成时的被动语态。一方面，主语decision与谓语动词make之间是被动关系；另一方面，时间状态是yet（还未），所以应用现在完成时的被动语态，故选A。3. 选B。考查if引导的条件状语从句的用法。句意：如果汤姆赢了这个游戏，我们将给他一个惊喜。if引导的条件状语从句遵从“主将从现”原则，故选B。
4. 选C。考查现在进行时的用法。句意：——艾伦，不早了。为什么不去睡觉？——珍妮还没回来，我在等她。表示此时此刻正在发生（进行）的动作用现在进行时（am/is/are +doing），故选C。
5. 选B。考查一般过去时的用法。句意：——我有一张今晚篮球赛的门票。——太棒了！你如何弄到的？“弄到”这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故选B。 考点四 固定句式
2013年中考英语该题型的热点将集中在there be结构、（以so/neither开头的）倒装句、反意疑问句、（以what/how引导的）感叹句、形式主语以及形式宾语等方面。1. （2012·哈尔滨中考）—The CCTV reported that Premier Wen Jiabao played basketball with some students on Children’s Day.
— _______! And Premier Wen always encourages us to study hard and do more sports.
A. What amazing news B. How amazing news
C. What an amazing news2. （2012·呼和浩特中考）—A nice day today, isn’t it?
—Yes, _______ go for a picnic and relax ourselves?
A. Would you like B. Why not
C. What about D. Why don’t
3. （2011·阜康中考）— You didn’t go to school yesterday, did you?
— _______, though there was a heavy rain.
A. Yes, I did B. No, I didn’t
C. Yes, I didn’t D. No, I did4. （2011·乌鲁木齐中考）All of us find _______ necessary to take exercise every day.
A. this B. that C. them D. it
5. （2011·济南中考）—Excuse me. _______ a hotel on Center Street?
—No, there isn’t.
A. Is there B. There is
C. Are there D. There are答案分析：
1. 选A。考查感叹句。what引导的感叹句结构是“What +(a/an) + 形容词+主语(+. . . )! ” 而how引导的感叹句结构是“How + 形容词/副词+（主语+. . . ）! ”；另一方面news是不可数名词，故选A。
2. 选B。考查句式辨析。Would you like+to do sth. ? Why not+do sth. ? What about+doing sth. ? Why don’t you do sth. ? 故选B。3. 选A。考查反意疑问句。对于反意疑问句的回答要遵从“实事求是”的原则，即事实是肯定的则用yes作答，事实是否定的则用no作答。根据答语的后半句虽然下大雨可知昨天去上学了，故选A。
4. 选D。考查形式宾语。在“ find + it + adj. + to do”中用it作形式宾语代替后面的不定式，意为“发现……怎么样”，故选D。
5. 选A。考查there be结构。There be结构表示“某地有某物”，如果后面的名词是单数用is, 是复数用are, 表示疑问时be动词可以提前。根据No, there isn’t 可以判断须用Is there疑问。故选A。 考点五 复合句
该题型将重点考查宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。其中宾语从句的引导词、语序和时态以及状语从句的引导词、时态以及定语从句的关系词的选择等问题是历年中考的热点。1. （2012·随州中考）—Could you tell me _______?
—I’m not sure.
A. how many people have been out of hospital
B. when is Thanksgiving Day
C. which animal does he like best
D. what time will the dolphin show start2. （2012·滨州中考）—What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the ring _______ my husband bought me last year.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
3. （2012·衢州中考）We will go for a picnic if it _______ tomorrow.
A. doesn’t rain B. wasn’t rainy
C. won’t rain D. wasn’t rain4. （2011·枣庄中考）He said that light _______ much faster than sound.
A. has travelled B. went
C. travels D. travelled
5. （2011·丽水中考）—Do you know _______ Emma is?
—I met her on the playground just now．
A．what B．how C．where D．who答案分析：
1. 选A。考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序，故选A。
2. 选A。考查定语从句。一方面先行词ring是物，可排除答案B和C；另一方面it不可以引导定语从句，故选A。
3. 选A。考查时态。主句是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。故选A。4. 选C。考查宾语从句的时态。句意：他说光比声音传播的速度快。当宾语从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，要用一般现在时，故选C。
5. 选C。考查宾语从句的引导词。根据答语“我刚才在操场上遇到她了”，可知上句是询问地点，故选C。考点六 情景交际
此题型重点考查学生在具体的语言环境中灵活运用语言进行交际、表达观点的能力，不但考查语法，而且考查语言文化。
经常考查的内容有打电话、看病、问路、天气、购物、就餐、约会、问候、介绍、请求、邀请、长相、职业、感谢、祝愿、赞美、道歉与安慰、赞成与反对等。其中，请求、祝愿、邀请、赞美、道歉与安慰、赞成与反对等是考查热点。1. （2012·重庆中考）—Hello, may I speak to Sandy?
— _______.
A. Yes, I’m Rose
B. I’ll call back again
C. Yes, I can’t hear you
D. This is Sandy speaking2. (2012·安顺中考)－I’m going to take my driving test tomorrow.
－_______!
A. Good luck B. Congratulations
C. Come on D. Cheers3. (2011·济宁中考)—Would you come to my birthday party tomorrow evening?
—I’m afraid I _______. I have to look after my sister.
A. wouldn’t B. can’t
C. won’t D. mustn’t4. (2011·上海中考) —I’m leaving for Canada on a study trip next week.
— _______.
A. Enjoy your time B. That’s all right
C. You’re welcome D. It’s a pleasure
5. (2011·广安中考)－Hi, Betty. Your skirt looks beautiful.
－_______
A. Really? B. Oh, no. C. Thanks a lot. 答案分析：
1. 选D。考查情景交际。打电话用语，回答“我就是……”，用“This is. . . speaking”, 故选D。
2. 选A。考查交际用语。前者说要参加驾驶考试，后者应说一些祝福的话语，故选A。3. 选B。考查交际用语。Would you do. . . ? 表示有礼貌的提议或邀请，肯定回答常用“Sure! ”, “Of course! ”等，否定回答常用“Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t. ”。故选B。
4. 选A。考查交际用语。Enjoy your time“过得快乐”；That’s all right“没关系；不客气”；You’re welcome“不用客气”；It’s a pleasure“不用谢，乐意效劳”。只有A项符合语境，故选A。
5. 选C。考查交际用语。在英语文化中，对于他人的赞美（扬）一般是愉快地接受并表示感谢，故选C。课件24张PPT。专题二 句子应用一、完成句子的解题技巧
1. 明确意图，有的放矢
一般说来，完成句子都有明显的考查意图，要么是考查某个单词的用法或习惯表达， 要么是考查某个固定搭配或句式或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用等。因此做题时可以根据汉语意思以及已给出的英语部分确定所用的句型和特殊结构。例如： 【范例】我哥哥花了一个星期教我弹吉他。
It ______ my elder brother a week ______ ______ me to play the guitar.
【解析】填took; to teach。一方面，根据已给出的英语部分可知是考查“It takes sb. some time to do sth. ”的句型；另一方面，根据汉语意思可以确定用一般过去时(took)，哥哥做的事是“教(to teach)”，故答案确定为took; to teach。 2. 结合语境，把握结构
根据句中的时间状语或上下文的语境确定句子所需要的时态。有主从复合句时则应注意主句与从句之间的时态匹配对应。同时，应根据主语与谓语动词的关系确定正确的语态。例如： 【范例】每年都有成千上万的人参观故宫。
The Palace Museum ______ ______ ______ thousands of people every year.
【解析】填is visited by。一方面，句子的主语(The Palace Museum)和谓语动词(visit)是被动关系，须用被动语态；另一方面，时间状语是every year，应用一般现在时，故答案确定为is visited by。 3. 注意差异, 灵活表达
由于历史、文化等方面的原因，英汉两种语言在用词等方面有许多不同之处，这一点考生一定要引起足够的重视，千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。例如： 【范例】我希望你能带些红茶来。
I hope ______ ______ bring some ______ tea.
【解析】填you can; black。一方面，注意hope的用法，此处需用“hope+从句”结构，而不是“hope+sb. +to do”结构；另一方面，红茶的英文是black tea而非red tea，故答案确定为you can; black。二、句型转换的解题技巧
1. 明确方向，活用结构
句型转换题有相当强的规律性，同一种转换往往要求有相同的解题思路与模式。因此，解题时务必先明确转换要求，确定解题方向，结合要转换的目标句型灵活运用各种句式结构。例如： 【范例】Eric has a good eating habit. (改为一般疑问句)
______ Eric ______ a good eating habit?
【解析】填Does; have。一方面，这是一个含有实义动词的一般现在时的句子，改为一般疑问句须借助于助动词do/does；另一方面，句首用了助动词do/does，后面的实义动词要用原形，故答案确定为Does; have。在中考试题中，改写一般疑问句时，注意系动词be、助动词或情态动词的位置和形式；改写否定句时，注意系动词be、助动词或情态动词后加not；对画线部分提问时，注意确定特殊疑问词+一般疑问句等。 2. 同义改写，抓住核心
在句型转换类习题中，改写同义句是最常见的一种考查角度，其目的在于检测考生灵活运用各种句型的表达能力。同义句之间句式上可能不同但突破的核心在于抓住其题目的核心句型结构或同义词或短语。例如：
【范例】The patient was so weak that she couldn’t go home alone. （改为同义句）
The patient was ______ weak ______ go home alone. 【解析】填too; to。通过分析题干，我们可以发现，此处是一个含有so. . . that. . . 引导的结果状语从句的复合句，而要转换的同义句是只有一个主语“The patient”的简单句，并且题干中有否定词couldn’t，因此我们可以确定此处需要用too. . . to. . . 这一否定意义的句式来改写。在中考试题中so. . . that. . . ，too. . . to. . . 与not. . . enough to. . . ；spend，cost，pay与take；be good at与do well in；look after与take care of等同义词或短语的转换也是极为常见的。 3. 常考句型，烂熟于胸
在各地中考题中，感叹句、反意疑问句等都是常考句型，因此对于其句型结构、易考点、易错点要成竹在胸，以达到灵活运用。例如： 【范例】Zhang Jike plays ping-pong well. （改为感叹句）
______ ______ Zhang Jike plays ping-pong!
【解析】填How well。感叹句的常见结构为：①How+形容词+a/an+名词+（主+谓）或How+形容词/副词+（主+谓）②What+名词+（主+谓）或What+a/an+形容词+名词+（主+谓）。由句型结构可知此处应该用How well。
而反意疑问句中则需要我们注意其“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”的形式以及前后人称、数及时态的一致，同时熟记陈述部分含有否定意义，let us或let’s开头的祈使句等特殊情况。考点一 完成句子
纵观历年中考英语试题的完成句子，以根据汉语提示填空、整句翻译为主流题型，以常用重点词语、固定搭配、常用习语、重点句型及重要语法规则为重点。完成句子
根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。
（2012·天津中考）
1. 我经常帮助妈妈收拾房间。
I often help my mum to ______ ______ the room.
2. 2010年以来，这个地区发生了很大的变化。
Great changes have ______ ______ in this area since 2010. 3. 他们正在建一条隧道，它将穿过这座山。
They are building a tunnel, and it will ______ ______ the mountain.
4. 他现在不在办公室。
He isn’t in the office ______ ______.
5. 我想下个星期顺便看望一下吉尔。
I think I’ll ______ ______ on Jill next week. 1. 【解析】填tidy up。一方面，“收拾”的英译是tidy up；另一方面，根据help sb. to do sth. 可知此处填动词原形，故答案确定为tidy up。
2. 【解析】填taken place。一方面，此处留有两个空，“变化”的英文应是take place；另一方面，该句时态是现在完成时，故答案确定为taken place。3. 【解析】填go through。一方面，根据句意及设空数，“穿过”的英文应是go through; 另一方面，该句时态是一般将来时，故答案确定为go through。
4. 【解析】填right now。根据句意可填的“现在”有：now, right now, at the moment。再根据设空数可确定答案为right now。
5. 【解析】填drop in。“顺便看望”的英译是drop in on sb. , 根据该句的时态及设空数可确定答案为drop in。 考点二 句型转换
句型转换题有很强的语法性、规律性。近年来采用该题型的主要有江苏、新疆、甘肃、广西、广东、四川、重庆、山东等省市或其他部分地区。按括号内要求完成下列句子，每空限填一词。
（2012·临沂中考）
1. There are some flowers in the garden. (改为一般疑问句）
______ ______ any flowers in the garden?
2. Lisa bought a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday. (改为否定句)
Lisa ______ ______ a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday. 3. David is playing basketball in the playground now. (对画线部分提问）
______ ______ playing basketball in the playground now?
4. You shouldn’t arrive late for class. (改为祈使句）
______ ______ late for class.
5. The boys were too tired to walk on. (改为同义句）
The boys were ______ tired ______ they couldn’t walk on. 1. 【解析】填Are there。句中含有系动词are，因此只需把are提到句首即可，故答案确定为Are there。
2. 【解析】填didn’t buy。原句是一般过去时，因此需借助did构成否定句，故答案确定为didn’t buy。
3. 【解析】填Who is。对人作主语进行提问用who，故答案确定为Who is。
4. 【解析】填Don’t arrive。原句是一个否定句，因此须改为否定祈使句，故答案确定为Don’t arrive。
5. 【解析】填so; that。too. . . to. . . （太……而不能……）结构常可改为so. . . that. . . （如此……以至于）。课件19张PPT。专题三 完形填空 完形填空是介于单项选择题和阅读理解题之间的一种题型，旨在考查学生对词汇和语法知识在单句、上下文、语篇等各种具体语境下的综合运用能力，这就要求在解题中掌握一些方法、技巧： 利用固定搭配、固定句式及习惯表达解题
Today, it is a big problem for young graduates to get satisfying jobs. 1 that there are thousands of different kinds of jobs in the world. Choosing the right one itself is not easy.
. . .
1. A. It’s saying B. It’s say
C. It is said D. It says
【解析】选C。考查固定句式It is said+that从句。本句句意为：据说世界上有上千种不同的工作。 利用语法分析解题
The Great Wall of China has a history of over two thousand years. It runs from the east to the west in North China. It is about 6, 300 kilometers 1 long. It is often 2 “Ten-thousand-Li Great Wall”. It is one of the “Seven Wonders”of the ancient world.
. . .
2. A. calling B. call C. called
【解析】选C。It is called. . . 被称为……故选C。 利用上下文的逻辑关系解题
Jack 1 lived in a small town in England. He always stayed in England 2 for his holidays, but last year he thought, “I’ve never been to 3 other countries. All my friends have been to Spain, 4 they like it very much, so this year I’m going there, too. ” So he got on a 5 plane to Spain and 6arrived at the airport of the capital, Madrid, and stayed in a hotel for a few days.
. . . 4. A. and B. but C. though D. however
【解析】选A。结合上半句可知朋友们都去过西班牙，而且他们也很喜欢那儿，表示顺接关系。 利用复现关系、语境共现解题
. . .
In our lives, pain and suffering is the key to all windows, and sometimes even 1 represents growth. Without it, there’s no way of life. We can’t avoid(避免) 2 or problems. So, next time you are 3 faced with a problem or difficulty, remember the butterfly. Struggle a little—then fly!
2. A. happiness B. difficulties C. pleasure D. hope
【解析】选B。下一句的“a problem or difficulty”就是2处词汇的复现。 选择性完形填空依旧是2013年中考的主流题型， 在命题角度上将继续体现“突出语篇”的命题原则， 即“突出语意填空，削减语法填空，以考查理解能力为主”；在题材上将更加贴近学生、贴近生活，内容新颖富有时代气息。（2011·重庆中考）
It is very important to stay healthy. I have a neighbor. She is an old lady. She can do all the housework, 1 newspapers, watch TV and search on the Internet to learn something new. I often see 2 do taijiquan in the morning and dance in the evening. She looks young and beautiful 3 she is over seventy. Last week a reporter from a magazine interviewed her and asked 4 she kept so young and healthy. She replied with a smile: I have a secret of staying young and healthy. It is quite 5 . Keep your mind active，take an interest in the world 6 you, and learn at least one new thing every day. Try to do different kinds of housework and do sports as 7 as you can. Don’t think you are too old to go back to 8 . I know a man who entered a medical college when he was 70 years old. He studied there for 6 years and now he is a doctor. Another man went to a tennis school at the age of 71 and now he is good at 9 tennis. Some people may say staying young is easy only for those who live in the future. In fact, no matter how old you are, you can make it. Please tell the story to your family. It would be a good start to 10 the lady’s example. I hope all people will stay young and healthy.
1. A. look B. read C. see D. watch
2. A. her B. him C. other D. others
3. A. than B. since C. though D. because4. A. what B. why C. who D. how
5. A. early B. dear C. easy D. late
6. A. under B. around C. above D. between
7. A. soon B. busily C. hardly D. often
8. A. place B. song C. school D. dance
9. A. buying B. losing C. sending D. playing
10. A. follow B. give C. make D. bring剖析
本文介绍了一位七十多岁的老太太永葆青春活力的“秘诀”，就是多思考、多运动、多学习，并希望所有人都保持年轻、健康。 词数分析 →全文近250个单词，词数较多，但没有生词，难度适中。体裁分析 →本文为记叙文，话题为“健康”。作者先介绍他的邻居——一位保持青春、健康的老太太。然后，通过老太太向杂志记者讲述她永葆青春活力的秘诀来告知大家如何保持健康。角度分析→第1、4、6、7小题属单句句意理解题，第2、3、5、8、 9、10小题属上下文内在联系题。其中，只有第3、6小题考查虚词，全文没有涉及语法结构题，很好地体现了“以实义词为主，以虚词、语法结构为辅”的命题原则。答案分析 →1. 考查短语搭配。在英语中，表述“读（看）书、看报（杂志）”用read，故选B。2. 考查人称代词。由上文“She is an old lady. ”可知，她是一位女性，故选A。
3. 考查连词辨析。than“比”；since“自从……以来，既然”；though“虽然，尽管”；because“因为”。句意为“尽管她七十多岁了，但她看起来年轻、漂亮”，故选C。
4. 考查宾语从句。由下文记者采访她，是想知道她怎样保持年轻和健康的可知，此处宾语从句的引导词应该用how，故选D。5. 考查语境理解。由下文紧接的两句话可知，保持年轻、健康是很容易的，故选C。
6. 考查介词辨析。under“在……下面”；around“在……周围”；above“在……上方”；between“在……中间”。此处句意为：对你周围的世界感兴趣。故选B。
7. 考查短语搭配。as often as sb. can尽可能经常地。故选D。8. 考查语境分析。由下文两个例子可知，他们都是进入了学校学习，因此，此处是“返回学校”之意，故选C。
9. 考查短语搭配。由前半句“另一个人71岁进网球学校”可知后半句应是“他现在擅长打网球”。打网球用play tennis。故选D。
10. 考查语境理解。句意：效仿这位女士去做会有一个良好的开端。故选A。课件24张PPT。专题六 情景交际 情景交际总是围绕谈话的中心内容来展开对话的，所以，通读对话抓住谈话的人物身份、时间、地点和核心内容是顺利完成此类题目的前提。同样一句话，因使用的时间、场合、身份不同而有不同的含义和不同的表达方式，所以做此类题目要注意掌握一定的方法和技巧： 依据上下文的句法关系寻找答案。
【范例】从方框中选择最佳选项补全对话，有两项多余。
A. When will the concert begin?
B. Sounds good!
C. When and where shall we meet?
D. I’ll see a movie.
E. Could you please get there earlier?
F. Yes. What’s up?
G. Would you like to go with me? A: Hello, is that Wu Bin speaking?
B: Yes. Who’s that?
A: This is Tian Hong. Are you free this Saturday evening?
B: 1
A: I’ve got two tickets to Jay Chou’s concert.
. . .
【解析】选F。上文是一个一般疑问句，因此下文应用yes或no作答，据此可以选定答案。 依据上下文的语意联系寻找答案。
【范例】从方框中选择最佳选项补全对话，有两项多余。
A. It sounds nice.
B. See you later.
C. I need to study.
D. I’m going out.
E. I don’t think so.
F. You don’t have to play.
G. You can do that again. A: Hey. Gina. Do you want some ice cream?
B: No. thanks. 1
A: Really? Where are you going?
B: I’m going to play baseball. Do you want to come?
. . .
【解析】选D。首先根据上文的问句（你想要冰淇淋吗？）及答语（不，谢谢）可知下文是对前面回答的进一步解释，可初步考虑答案C、D；然后根据下文句意（真的吗？你要去哪？）可确定答案为D。 依据西方国家的文化背景、语言表达
习惯寻找答案。
【范例】填入适当的词或句子，补全对话：
A: How nice your new skirt!
B: _____________
. . .
【解析】填Thank you. /Thanks. 。在西方国家，对于对方给予的赞美表扬一般用Thank you/Thanks. 应答。此时要避免汉式思维，且不可填Is it? /It’s not nice. /It’s just so so. / It’s very cheap. 之类的答语。 有时有些题空的答案不仅是由上下文内容决定的，因此完成题目后，把整篇对话从头到尾再通读一遍，看是否连贯、通顺、对话发展过程是否合理，及时加以修正也是非常必要的。 考点一 选择型
预计2013年中考该题型仍将是情景交际的题型之一，并且话题内容将更加多样化，更富于生活气息。该题型形式主要包括两类：选择语句补全对话和选择词语补全对话，其中以前者为主流题型。（2012·安徽中考）
根据对话内容，选择恰当的句子补全对话。
A. How about you?
B. Do you know it?
C. Why do you say that?
D. It’s called Man on Wire.
E. She is ill in bed.
F. The man in the movie was really brave.
G. Would you like to watch the movie with me? A: Hi. Suian. What movie are you watching tonight?
B: 1 Its my second time watching it.
A: Man on Wire. . . Hmm. . .
B: 2
A: Yeah, I do. It’s a great movie.
B: I agree. 3 A: Oh, I remember. And it was in New York. I love that city.
B: Me, too. 4
A: I’d love to, but I have to stay at home with my mom. 5
B: Sorry to hear that. Hope your mom will be better soon.
A: Thanks. Enjoy your night.
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 快速浏览对话可知对话大意：先询问今晚看什么电影展开对话，然后谈论该电影，邀请对方一起去看电影，对方因应在家照看卧病在床的母亲而婉言拒绝。
1. 【解析】选D。回答上文提出的问题，给出电影名字——Man on Wire(《走钢丝的人》)。
2. 【解析】选B。由下文的肯定回答及评论可知。
3. 【解析】选F。承接对方谈论内容，继续对该电影作出评论。
4. 【解析】选G。由答语“I’d love to, but. . . ”可知此处是向对方发出邀请。
5. 【解析】选E。由上下文可知是母亲卧病在床。 考点二 填空型
填空型补全对话题具有句子简短、常用省略、表达方式灵活等特点。预计2013年中考该题型设空将更加灵活，在体现对话交际功能的同时， 将进一步突出考查考生全面接受信息以及文字表达的能力。 根据对话内容，在每小题的空白处填入适当的话语，使对话意思完整。
（2011·天津中考）
(It’s Friday today. Bob and Dave are talking about their weekend plans. )
Bob: Dave, the radio says it is sunny tomorrow. Do you have any plans?
Dave: 1 . I want to go to the beach. 2 ? Bob: I’m going to do some sports.
Dave: 3 ?
Bob: I like basketball best. I think it can help me grow taller.
Dave: 4 ?
Bob: I will play it in the gym. By the way, who will you go to the beach with? Dave: I’ll go with my parents.
Bob: 5 ?
Dave: We will go there by car.
Bob: Have a good time.
Dave: The same to you. 1. 【解析】填Yes，I do/ Of course/Certainly。从后文可以看出是有计划。
2. 【解析】填What are you going to do/ What about you/How about you。从回答可知应该是问Bob要做什么。
3. 【解析】填What sport do you like best/What’s your favorite sport。从回答可知问的是最喜欢的体育运动是什么。
4. 【解析】填Where will you play it。从回答可知问的是地点。
5. 【解析】填How will you go there。从回答可知问的是去的方式。考点三 匹配型
匹配型补全对话内容简单，信息量少，考查交际用语较多。预计2013年中考该题型话题将越来越丰富多样，但仍将以交际用语的考查为主。Choose the best response from A to F according to the sentences given. Each choice should be used only once.
（2012·绥化中考）
( )1. How about a picnic this Saturday?
( )2. Your dress looks so nice.
( )3. Would you mind my sitting here?
( )4. I’m going to Dalian for vacation.
( )5. Merry Christmas! A. You’d better not. B. Good idea!
C. Thanks anyway. D. The same to you.
E. Have a good time. F. Thanks.
1. 【解析】选B。考查交际用语。How about. . . ? ……怎么样，是提建议的句式，答语常用Good idea! 。2. 【解析】选F。面对对方的夸奖，应答用Thanks. 或Thank you. 等。
3. 【解析】选A。考查交际用语，否定回答时，要用委婉语气，即建议性句式，You’d better not你最好不要（坐这儿）。
4. 【解析】选E。对方打算去某地度假，你应祝他玩得愉快，故用Have a good time. 。
5. 【解析】选D。对方祝你圣诞快乐，你也祝他快乐，即同乐The same to you. 。课件35张PPT。专题五 词汇运用 纵观各地中考，对词汇的考查方式主要有：根据句意（短文）及首字母提示完成单词；根据句意（短文）及汉语提示完成单词；用括号内所给词的适当形式填空；从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式完成句子（短文）。 （一）根据句意及首字母提示完成单词
应对此类题型，首先要利用题面信息读懂或想象句意，并结合首字母确定所缺失的词语意义。然后根据具体语境，从语法、句法角度确定词语形式。
Tomorrow is my cousin’s birthday. I’m going to buy a g _______ for her.
【解析】填gift。根据birthday(生日)、buy(买)我们很容易读懂句意：明天我表姐要过生日，我要买东西送她；结合首字母g可以确定缺失的词语应是gift(礼物)；gift是可数名词，根据其前面的冠词a可知此处是单数，故答案确定为gift。 （二）根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
此类题目相对简单，首先能够正确写出所给汉语对应的英语单词。然后要根据句意，从语法、句法角度确定词汇的正确形式。
I really love the music because it _______ (听起来) beautiful.
【解析】填sounds。“听起来”的英文是sound, 根据句意because引导的原因状语从句应用一般现在时，且主语it是第三人称单数，故根据主谓一致原则确定答案为sounds。 （三）用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
该题型重在考查学生在特定语境下灵活运用单词的能力，因此考生应从实际语境出发，综合运用语（句）法规则、词类知识、构词法以及习语知识确定词汇的具体形式。
Our teachers ask us to write as _______ (care) as possible.
【解析】填carefully。首先，我们可以确定句意为：老师要求我们尽可能认真地书写；其次，as. . . as中间用形容词、副词原级；再者，此处须用副词修饰动词write；最后，我们可以运用构词法知识写出所给词的适当形式为carefully。 （四）用方框中所给词的适当形式填空
该题型比用括号内所给词的适当形式填空多了一个环节，那就是：先根据句意从方框中选定要填的词语。在考虑句意的同时也要对整题统筹兼顾，避免选重词语。
fly, choose, find out, . . .
It took Jim a long time _______ who took away his backpack.
【解析】填to find out。首先，根据句子已给出的信息可以推断句意为：吉姆花了很长时间去查明谁拿走了他的背包。然后，由该句式结构可确定此处须填不定式充当真正的主语，故答案为to find out。 （五）短文填空
该题型重在考查学生依据文章的上下文意思、逻辑关系确定所填词汇的能力。
to must ask unusual it
when early who notice if
My name is Jim White. I live in America. I had a very 1 experience on Sunday. I saw a UFO in the daytime. 2 this morning, I went outside with my friend Bill 3 lived close to me. We were walking to a hill 4 I saw a largebright light dancing in the sky. I called Jim and asked him to look up. He kept 5 , “What is that? ” “A UFO! ” I shouted excitedly. I 6 it was round and red in the center.
. . .
1. 【解析】填unusual。由下文“I saw a UFO in the daytime”可知是一次不平凡的经历，故填unusual。
2. 【解析】填Early。由下文“this morning”可知是在交代故事发生的时间，故填Early。3. 【解析】填who。在此who引导从句作Bill的定语。
4. 【解析】填when。由上下文所述动作在时间上的关系可知。
5. 【解析】填asking。由下文“What is that? ”可知是在问；再者，keep doing 是固定用法，故填asking。
6. 【解析】填noticed。句意：我注意到它是圆形的，中央发红。考点一 单词拼写
单词拼写重在考查学生识词、记词和用词的能力，与阅读的结合越来越密切，体现了“词不离句，句不离篇”的特点。在考查的词类方面，以实词，尤其以名词、动词、形容词、副词为主。考查形式主要有：根据句意及首字母提示完成单词，根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。（A）根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式，每空只写一词。
(2012·宁波中考)
1. A shark is a dangerous _______ (动物) that lives in the sea.
2. Lin Shuhao did a good job in the basketball match last month. He is my favorite _______ (明星). 3. John is _______ (幸运的) enough to be chosen for the swimming club.
4. It has been the _______ (第十) day since we climbed the Great Wall.
5. He borrowed my iPhone 4s and hasn’t _______ (归还) it to me. （B）在下列各句的空格内填上一个适当的完整的单词，该词的首字母已给出。
6. Newton was sitting under an apple tree when an apple f _____ onto his head.
7. In my hometown, the weather of this summer is much h _____ than that of last summer. 8. Tom and Jerry r _______ their bikes to Uncle Ma’s farm twice a month.
9. The mother cat was killed, and the baby cat had to live by i _______.
10. Pass me that pair of glasses, please. I can’t see the words c _______. 1. 【解析】填animal。a dangerous animal一种危险的动物。
2. 【解析】填star。star既可以指太空中的星星，也可以指各行各业的“明星”人物。
3. 【解析】填lucky。形容词作表语。
4. 【解析】填tenth。
5. 【解析】填returned。所在句子是现在完成时（have/has+过去分词），故填returned。6. 【解析】填fell。句意为“当牛顿正在苹果树下坐着时一个苹果落到了他的头上”。在此when引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时，所以填fell。
7. 【解析】填hotter。句意为“在我的故乡，今年夏天比去年夏天炎热得多。”hot炎热，此处用比较级，所以填hotter。8. 【解析】填ride。句意为“汤姆和杰瑞每月骑车去马叔叔的农场两次”。ride骑车，该句用一般现在时，主语是复数，故填ride。
9. 【解析】填itself。by itself独自；靠它自己。
10. 【解析】填clearly。句意为“我不能看清单词”。clearly adv. 清晰地；清楚地。考点二 选词填空
该题型有两种主要命题形式：(1) 从方框中选择恰当的词填空；(2) 从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空。
前者主要侧重考查考生对句意的理解以及在此基础之上的选词能力。后者则侧重两方面的考查：一方面考查考生在句意理解基础上的选词能力；另一方面还要考查考生在具体语境下的用词能力。用所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
（2011·青岛中考）
copy, rise, experience, save,
regard. . . as. . . , mention, be
1. _______ careful to look both ways before you cross the street.
2. —I _______ my money so I can buy a car.
—So am I. 3. Good boy! You’re doing such a good job of _______ materials for me.
4. The old teacher used to get up before the sun _______ so that he could catch the early bus to work.
5. Every one _______ the apple of the parents’ eye.
6. As a volunteer, she _______ love and hate, sadness and happiness in the past ten years.
7. He thinks it necessary _______ his sister in his speech, who has supported him in his university study. 1. 【解析】填Be。由后半句可推断前半句要说细心朝两方看，故选动词be；同时，这是一个省略了主语的祈使句，故答案确定为Be。
2. 【解析】填am saving。一方面，由上句的后半句可推断前半句是说攒钱，因此选save一词；另一方面，根据答语中的am可知上句应该用现在进行时，故答案确定为am saving。
3. 【解析】填copying。一方面，选copy一词构成词组copy materials(复制材料)能够使句意通顺；另一方面of是介词后跟动词的-ing形式，故答案确定为copying。4. 【解析】填rose。由后一分句“以便能赶上上班的早班车”可知是在日出前起床，因此选rise一词；而该句是叙述以前的事情，应用一般过去时，故答案确定为rose。
5. 【解析】填is regarded as。一方面，由句子中的信息可知“每个人都是父母的掌上明珠”，因此选regard. . . as. . . ；另一方面，主语和regard之间是被动关系，故答案确定为is regarded as。6. 【解析】填has experienced。一方面，由句中信息可推断句意：在过去的10年中，作为一名志愿者，她体验到了爱与恨，悲伤与幸福。因此选experience一词；另一方面，时间状语in the past ten years常常是现在完成时的标志，故答案确定为has experienced。
7. 【解析】填to mention。一方面，由句意可知他想在演讲中提到他的姐姐。因此，选mention 一词；另一方面，这是一个“think+it+adj. +to do”句式， 故答案确定为to mention。考点三 词形填空
该题型重点考查：同一词根的不同词形变化；序数词与基数词的区别运用；名词的单复数及所有格；代词的用法；形容词和副词比较等级的运用以及动词各种时态语态的灵活运用。根据句意，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
（2011·兰州中考）
1. Lucy usually enjoys _______ (she)in front of the mirror before leaving home.
2. “ Why are you late for school again? ” said his teacher _______ (angry).
3. My uncle lives on the _______ (twelve)floor of the building. 4. We all received an _______ (invite)to her wedding.
5. You can go _______ (cross)the street when the traffic lights turn green.
1. 【解析】填herself。考查代词的用法。she的反身代词为herself，故答案确定为herself。
2. 【解析】填angrily。此处须填副词修饰动词said，意为“他的老师很生气地说”；angry的副词是angrily，故答案确定为angrily。
3. 【解析】填twelfth。考查序数词的用法。句意：我叔叔住在该楼的第12层。故答案确定为twelve的序数词twelfth。4. 【解析】填invitation。由句中提供的“received(收到)、invite(邀请)、wedding(婚礼)”可推断句意为：我们都收到了参加她的婚礼的邀请。再者，根据要填词前面的冠词an可知此处须填可数名词，故答案确定为invitation。
5. 【解析】填across。由句中所提供信息可推断句意为：绿灯亮时你可以过马路。cross是动词，显然不可和前面的动词原形go连用，但我们可以联想到cross(穿过)=go across， 故答案确定为across。 考点四 短文填空
常见的命题形式有四种：（1）根据短文内容及首字母（汉语）提示，填写所缺单词；（2）阅读短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空；(3) 从方框中选择恰当的词（并用其适当形式）填空；（4）根据短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词。
该题型重在考查考生在“词不离句、句不离篇”的具体语境下灵活用词能力。文章题材丰富，内容也多选取学生熟悉的材料，与日常生活息息相关。根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整。（每空限填一词）
（2012·泰安中考）
ask, answer, for, and, large, learn, mean, question, why, smile
Long ago, there lived a learned man in Greece. He was well-known 1 his wide knowledge. And lots of people from all over the country came to 2 things from him. The great man taught his students with all his heart and 3 their questions with patience. One day a student 4 him, “My dear teacher, didn’t you say you have many more questions than we do? But we think we students have a lot more than you. ”With a 5 , the teacher drew two circles—one is as 6 as a big plate(盘子), and the other is smaller. “Of course, I’ve learned much more. But I don’t think I know all you know. Now, look at these two circles. Inside the big one is my knowledge of things, 7 inside the smaller one yours. Out of the circles is what we don’t know. My circle is larger, so its line is longer. That 8 I have more opportunities to meet with what we don’t know. And that’s 9 I myself have more questions than you do. The more you learn, the more 10 you’ll have. You will never learn enough, you know. ”1. 【解析】填for。be well-known for因……出名。
2. 【解析】填learn。learn sth. from sb. 向……学……。
3. 【解析】填answered。句意为“耐心地回答他们的问题”。
4. 【解析】填asked。句意为“有一天有位学生问他”。
5. 【解析】填smile。with a smile面带微笑。6. 【解析】填large。as large as a big plate像一个大盘子那么大。
7. 【解析】填and。表顺接、并列关系。
8. 【解析】填means。句意为“那意味着我有更多的机会去接触我们所不知道的东西”。
9. 【解析】填why。句意为“那就是我为什么有更多问题的原因了”。
10. 【解析】填questions。句意为“你知道的越多，你的问题就越多”。课件66张PPT。专题四 阅读理解 1. 审标题，通全文，明大意。
首先，对于有标题的阅读材料，务必要先审标题，从标题中我们可以想像材料的内容和走向，有助于对材料的理解。其次，一定要学会用扫描式快速阅读法来通读全文，对那些无关紧要的地方可一扫而过， 在关键之处要适当放慢速度加以思考，重在初步了解阅读材料的主旨大意。 2. 读问题，精复读，断答案。
初步了解了阅读材料的主旨大意之后， 要认真阅读问题，明确考查角度，有的放矢地进行复读、精读，以提高解题效率和准确性。 常见题型的解题思路与技巧：
(1)事实细节题
事实细节题属表层理解范畴，答案一般都能在原文中直接找到，因此难度系数较小。该类问题往往以what, who, which, when, where, why, how等词提出，是对文中某句、某段或某一具体细节所作的提问。此类问题我们只需看准题目要求，带着问题在原文中找到相关细节，便可迅速找到正确答案。 利用题目的关键词去寻找文中对应词，
在对应词周围找答案。
［范例］Web language is popular. Today more and more Chinglish words are used by Chinese, especially the young Chinese.
One example is“antizen”, an antizen is a college graduate(毕业生) who makes less money and lives in a small apartment, like a tiny and hard-working ant. ［问题］Who like to use Chinglish?
A. All the Chinese. B. The young Chinese.
C. The antizens. D. The college students.
【解析】选B。本题属细节理解题。该题的关键词是use Chinglish，这个我们可以在第一段第二句“. . . Chinglish words are used by Chinese, especially the young Chinese”找到对应词。分析这句话可得答案B。 根据题干内容，在原文中搜索选择项，
对号入座。
（2011·青岛中考）
［范例］Here’s an interview to a pilot about his life.
(R=Reporter; P=Pilot)
R: How much time do pilots actually spend flying a plane?
P: It varies (WES’J) from about 20 minutes on some domestic (国内的) flights to as much as 18 hours on international flights. It all depends on whether the flight is a short-or long-haul flight. R: Do pilots take breaks during flights or do they fly the whole time?
P: Yes, we take breaks during long-haul flights. Airlines assign (指派) three or four pilots to long flights. We take turns flying the plane.
R: If pilots are traveling all the time, how do they deal with jet lag (时差)?
P: Jet lag is annoying for almost all pilots. I try to go to sleep as I would at home. R: How important is it to know the weight and size of the plane you are flying?
P: It is very important. We weigh almost everything put into the airplane and make estimates (估计) according to the number of people on each flight.
R: Do pilots eat the airplane food? P: Yes, we eat business class food! Airplane food changes every season and is very delicious if you don’t hate eating lobster (龙虾) every day! The pilots on the same plane are supposed to make different meal choices so that if one of the dishes causes food poisoning, only one of them will be sick. That way, at least one pilot will always be well enough to fly the plane! ［问题］What question doesn’t the reporter ask in the interview?
A. How to keep passengers safe?
B. How long do pilots actually spend flying a plane?
C. How to deal with jet lag?
D. How to take breaks during flying?
【解析】选A。本题属细节理解题。全文记者共问了五个问题。到原文中去搜索这四个选择项，我们会发现B是第一个问题，C是第三个问题，D是第二个问题，唯独找不到A, 故选A。 （2）推理判断题
该题型考查学生通过文章表层信息推测其隐含信息的能力，要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断。该类题虽然在原文中不能直接找到答案，但是有间接的暗示和线索，切记它不是读者本人的看法或观点。 根据文中某个词、句子或段落进行推理。
［范例］One day a young man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “Could I have two mice and about twenty roaches (蟑螂)? ”
“Why do you need these things? ” the shop assistant was very surprised.
“Well, ” answered the young man, “I’m moving out of my apartment (公寓) and the landlord (房东) said that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it. ”［问题］From the passage we know the apartment may be _______ before the young man moved into it.
A. very clean
B. just cleaned by the landlord
C. tidy and comfortable
D. dirty and full of insects (昆虫)【解析】选D。根据文章中的句子“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord said that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it. ”可知年轻人买老鼠和蟑螂的原因是房东要求房屋必须和年轻人搬进来时一模一样。据此我们可以推断年轻人入住前，公寓一定是很脏，且有很多昆虫，故选D。 根据作者的语气、论调和倾向进行推断。
［范例］Bill: Do I have to take the test?
Teacher: Do you want to pass the course?
［问题］What did the teacher mean?
A. Bill must study to pass.
B. Bill won’t pass unless he takes the test.
C. Bill needn’t take the test.
D. Bill may miss the test. 【解析】选B。根据对话内容可知，比尔不想参加考试，但老师告诉他，不参加考试，本门课程就过不了关。由此可推知应选B项。 （3）词义猜测类
该题型主要考查考生通过上下文去判断词义。词义题的考查有两种：一种是超纲词含义的推断，另一种是熟词生义的推断。 根据前后的比较对照关系、对它的定义、
重述以及举例等进行猜测。
［范例］Do you have any foreign friends? Do you know their characteristics(特征)?
The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm. They don’t like to speak more words. They look very serious. They like different kinds of amusements. The Germans are very hard-working. They like tidiness, especially the women, who always keep their home clean. ［问题］What does the underlined word “tidiness” mean in Chinese?
A. 整洁 B. 沉默的 C. 文静 D. 孤独的
【解析】选A。一方面，由下文“especially the women, who always keep their home clean. ”可知他们爱整洁、爱干净；另一方面，从句法结构上看tidiness作like的宾语，不可能是形容词；再者，-ness是名词词缀，故选A。 利用同义词、同位语以及构词法等进行猜测。
（2011·沈阳中考）
［范例］If you’re into sports, you’ve seen it happen—tennis players jump over the net to shake hands after a hard match; football players exchange jerseys（运动衣）after ninety minutes of knocking each other around; even boxers touch gloves at the beginning of each round. Players in every event, from spelling bees to golf（高尔夫球），act in this way. It’s all part of sportsmanship（体育精神），a great tradition in sports and competition. It means playing and being calm all through the match. ［问题］The underlined word “bees” in the passage means _______.
A. fly B. competition
C. guess D. research
【解析】选B。把spelling bees，golf分别与下文的sports，competition对应起来，很容易猜到bees和competition是同义词。 (4)数字推算类
该题型要求学生根据文章提供的数据及内在的关系作出简单的计算和推断。 理清有关数字的关系，列出数学算式。
［范例］You may know about “junk food” like French fries. But do you know about “junk sleep”?
Recently, a British survey found that electronic(电子的) products in teenagers’ bedrooms are affecting(影响)their sleep.
The survey was done among 1, 000 British kids from 12 to 16. It found that 30 percent of them got just 4 to 7 hours’ sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.
. . . . . . ［问题］_______ of the children in the survey sleep only 4 to 7 hours a day.
A. 200 B. 300
C. 500 D. 1, 000
【解析】选B。根据文章的第三段第一、二句我们可以作这样一个简单的计算：1000?30%=300，故答案为B。 （5）主旨大意类
该类题型在历年中考出现的频率也很高，难度系数较大。它考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力，要求考生通过对文章的阅读，迅速把握文章或段落的主题中心。 从英语文章中出现主旨大意最频繁的位
置——首尾句去找。
（2011·泰安中考）
［范例］A group of people asked this
question to a group 4-to-8-year-old
children. “What does love mean? ” The
answers were surprising. The children
would answer like they did below. “When my grandmother hurt her knees (膝盖), she couldn’t bend (弯腰) over and paint her toenails (脚指甲) any more. So my grandfather does it for her all the time, even when his hands hurt too. That’s love. ”
Rebecca-age 8
“Love is when someone hurts you. And you get so mad but you don’t shout at them because you know it would hurt their feelings. ”
Samantha-age 6 “Love is what makes you smile when you’re tired. ”
Terri-age 4
“I let my big sister pick on (捉弄) me because my mum says she only picks on me because she loves me. So I pick on my baby sister because I love her. ”
Bethany-age 4
“I know my older sister loves me because she gives me all her old clothes and has to go out and buy new clothes. ”
Lauren-age 4 “Love is when Mommy gives Daddy the best piece of chicken. ”
Elaine-age 5
“My mommy loves me more than anybody. You don’t see anyone else kissing me to sleep at night. ”
Clear-age 5
“You really shouldn’t say ‘I love you’ unless you mean it. But if you mean it, you should say it a lot. People forget. ”
Jessica-age 8［问题］The passage mainly tells us about _______.
A. what “life” means to children
B. what “family” means to children
C. what “friends” means to children
D. what “love” means to children
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。在文章第二句“What does love mean? ”我们就能找到文章的主旨，据此可足以判断选D。 通过全文主要内容，总结作者写作意图。
［范例］Foolish(silly) Freddie lived in a small village. The people of the village laughed at him. They liked to show visitors how silly Freddie was. They thought this was a funny thing to do.
One day, a visitor came to the village. “Watch this, ” a villager said, and called to Freddie. “Come and play a game, Freddie, ” he shouted. Freddie walked slowly towards him, a silly smile on his face.
“Look! Freddie, ”the villager said, “I’ve got something for you. ” He showed Freddie a dollar coin and a much larger 50-cent coin. “Which would you like? ” he asked Freddie.
Freddie took the 50-cent coin at once. The villager laughed. “See how foolish he is, ” he said. “He always does that. He’s too silly to learn anything. ” He walked away, leaving Freddie with the visitor.
The visitor felt sorry for Freddie and said to him, “Although the 50-cent coin is bigger than the＄1 coin, the＄1 coin is worth(值) much more. Two times as much. ”
“I know that, ” Freddie said. “But once I take the＄1 coin, they’ll stop playing the game. ”［问题］The best title for the passage should be _______.
A. Clever Villagers
B. “Foolish” Freddie
C. Freddie and a Visitor
D. A Visitor and the Villagers
【解析】选B。通读故事可知：弗雷迪一点也不傻，他表面上装傻，是为了可以继续做这样的游戏。 考点一 判断正误型阅读理解
判断正误型阅读理解题仍将以文章细节设题为主，以推理判断为辅，重在考查学生识别文章信息的能力。近年来，该题型主要集中在黑龙江、吉林、青海、陕西、山东、四川、云南、福建等省市。预计2013年判断正误型阅读理解仍将是非主流题型，区域性特色明显。根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正误，正确的用“T”，错误的用“F”。
（2012·福州中考）
A farmer’s dog, Dolly, had puppies (小狗), and the farmer needed to sell them. He painted a sign and put it in his yard. As he was putting up the sign, a little boy walked up to him.
“Sir, ” he said, “I want to buy one of your dogs. ”
“Well, ” said the farmer, “these dogs are very expensive. ” “Can I just look? ” asked the boy.
“Sure, ” said the farmer and whistled (吹口哨). “Here, Dolly! ” he called.
Dolly ran out from the doghouse and four little dogs followed her. The boy became excited. Then, the little boy noticed another dog. This one was smaller. It moved slowly and tried to catch up with the others.
“I want that one, ” the boy said, pointing to the little dog. The farmer said, “Son, you don’t want that dog. He will never be able to run and play with you like these other dogs. ”
The little boy reached down and rolled up (卷起) one leg of his trousers. He showed a cast(石膏) on his leg and a specially made shoe. He said, “You see, sir, I don’t run too well myself, and he will need someone who understands. ”
The world is full of people who need someone who understands. 1. Dolly was a mother dog which had four baby dogs.
2. One of the dogs moved slowly probably because its legs were weak.
3. The farmer advised the boy not to choose the smaller dog.
4. Nothing was wrong with the boy’s leg.
5. We learn from the story that one should show love and understanding for the weak. 剖析
本文主要是通过一位腿有残疾、走路不便的孩子买狗时没看中健康、跑得快的狗，却偏偏看上体形小、走路又慢的小狗的故事，诠释了一个生活哲理——生活中人们要彼此爱护、相互理解。
Ⅰ. 词数分析
本文篇幅适中，全文共有202词，其中含有生词（组）4个（puppies小狗, whistled 吹口哨, rolled up 卷起, cast石膏）。Ⅱ. 体裁分析
本文是一篇哲理故事。文章先由一个农夫要卖掉小狗展开故事，然后详细描述小孩买狗的过程，最后通过孩子的话语揭示出本文的主题——生活中人们要彼此爱护、相互理解。
Ⅲ. 角度分析
1、2小题是推理判断题，3、4小题是细节理解题，第5小题是主旨大意题。Ⅳ. 答案分析
1. 【解析】F。推理判断题。由短文第六段第一句中“. . . four little dogs followed her. ”及第三、四、五句可知Dolly除了前面提到的四只小狗之外还有一只体形更小的小狗。故此处说Dolly有四只小狗是不正确的，它至少有五只才对。
2. 【解析】T。推理判断题。由短文第六段第五句“It moved slowly and tried to catch up with the others. ”及第八段中“He will never be able to run and play with you. . . ”可以推断这只小狗行动缓慢可能是因为它的腿虚弱无力。故此处说法正确。3. 【解析】T。细节理解题。由短文第八段中农夫所讲的话“Son，you don’t want that dog. He will never be able to run and play with you like these other dogs. ”可知，农夫确实建议男孩不要选择那只体形小的狗。故此处正确。
4. 【解析】F。细节理解题。由短文第九段第一句和第二句可知，这个男孩的腿上打着石膏并且穿着特制的鞋，并且后面男孩说“. . . I don’t run too well myself. . . ”，可以确定他的腿是有问题的。故此处错误。5. 【解析】T。主旨大意题。结合短文最后五段，特别是最后一句话“The world is full of people who need someone who understands. (这个世界充满了需要别人理解的人。)”，可以提炼出这篇短文的主旨是号召大家对弱势群体奉献出爱和理解。故此处主旨归纳是正确的。考点二 选择型阅读理解
选择型阅读理解是最为流行的一种题型，因为它设题角度灵活多样，有细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题以及主旨大意题，能够较客观全面地考查学生的阅读能力。因此，预计2013年中考选择型阅读理解仍将是主流题型。同时，文章体裁将更加多样化，选材更加广泛，生活气息、时代特色更加浓郁。阅读下列短文，并做每篇短文后面的题目，从各题A、B、C、D中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
（2011·潍坊中考）
Mr. White works in an office. He liked reading in bed when he was at school. It was bad for his eyes and now he is near-sighted. But he wouldn’t want anybody else to know about it and he never wears a pair of glasses. It often brings him some trouble. One winter morning he was sent to a village school on business. He got off a bus at a stop in a small town. Then he had to walk there. The road to the village wasn’t smooth. There were stones here and there. He fell over several times and it made his clothes very dirty. At last he got to the village. Suddenly it began to blow strongly and it got much colder. His hat was blown off while he was looking for the school. He had to run after it but he couldn’t catch it. He was wondering why his hat ran into a house as if it had legs. And then he ran into the house, too.
A big woman appeared and stopped him by shouting angrily, “What are you running after my hen for? ”1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. Mr. White wears a pair of glasses.
B. Mr. White works in a village school.
C. Mr. White likes reading in bed in his office.
D. Mr. White often has some trouble because of his near-sight. 2. What was the weather like when Mr. White was walking to the village school?
A. It was warm. B. It was windy.
C. It was fine. D. It was cool.
3. Mr. White couldn’t get his hat because _______.
A. his hat had legs
B. his hat was the big woman’s
C. he couldn’t see his hat at all
D. he couldn’t run as fast as his hat剖析
本文主要叙述了Mr. White近视眼却不想让别人知道，所以他不戴近视镜，结果闹出了笑话——把母鸡当成了自己的帽子的故事。
Ⅰ. 词数分析
本文篇幅较短，全文190词左右，其中含有生词（组）3个（near-sighted近视的；smooth平坦的；blow吹，刮风）。Ⅱ. 体裁分析
本文属记叙文，话题是“生活趣事”。文章先对故事的主人公Mr. White做相关介绍，为后面发生的故事作铺垫。然后作者详细记叙了故事发生的经过。结构清晰，故事交代详细，读者易懂。
Ⅲ. 角度分析
第1、2小题是细节理解题，第3小题属推理判断题。Ⅳ. 答案分析
1. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据句子“he never wears a pair of glasses”可以判断A是错误的；根据句子“One winter morning he was sent to a village school on business. ”可以判断B是错误的；根据句子“He liked reading in bed when he was at school. ”可知他是在上学的时候喜欢躺在床上读书，C是错误的；根据句子“It often brings him some trouble. ”可以判断D是正确的。故选D。2. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段句子“Suddenly it began to blow strongly and it got much colder. ”可知，天气是多风的，故选B。
3. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段句子“He had to run after it but he couldn’t catch it. ”我们可以推断出他根本看不清自己的帽子，而是把母鸡当成帽子了。故选C。考点三 任务型阅读
任务型阅读理解其题型多样，设题自由开放，内容广泛。它不仅能考查学生的阅读理解能力，还能考查学生的语言组织能力、单词拼写能力、英汉互译能力以及其他语言知识，较好地呼应了新课标所倡导的“任务型语言教学”模式。因此，预计2013年中考将有越来越多的省市采用此题型。阅读短文，并按要求完成1～5题。
（2011·河北中考）
Several Asian hospitals are doing experiments with tele-medicine. Tele-medicine is a technology that allows doctors to “see” patients without them being in the same place. This is made possible through high-speed communication networks (网络). At both ends of the line, the way of video-meeting lets them see and talk to each other. Blood pressure (血压) and body temperature are directly shown on computers. Tele-medicine is already in wide use in some places such as the United States and Germany. Among other uses, village doctors hold “consultations (会诊)” with far-away experts(专家). The experts can also help them during operations.
Tele-medicine has been slow to reach Asia because of high costs, besides other reasons. When things improve, this technology will develop very fast. Chinese University of Hong Kong’s medical school has joined a big hospital in Beijing, and Thailand is building a tele-medicine station connecting 20 areas. Tele-medicine will do good to patients because doctors from different places can see them and give their medical advice. The help is quite important if the disease is an unusual one. It also helps spread medical knowledge among experts.
As tele-medicine develops well, its costs will be lower and it will become very popular in the medical field. 1题判断正误（“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误）；2题完成句子；3、4题简略回答问题；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1. Tele-medicine is already in wide use in some countries. ( )
2. Tele-medicine allows _______ without them being in the same place.
3. Why does tele-medicine develop slowly in Asia besides other reasons?
______________________________________________________4. What is Thailand doing according to the passage?
______________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________剖析
本文主要介绍了什么是远程医疗、远程医疗在欧美的运用、远程医疗在亚洲的发展及其前景。
Ⅰ. 词数分析
本文篇幅适中，全文210词左右，其中含有生词（组）4个（tele-medicine远程医疗；network网络；blood pressure血压；consultation会诊)。Ⅱ. 体裁分析
本文属说明文，话题是“远程医疗”。文章包括三部分，首先以报道亚洲几家医院做远程医疗实验开篇，先向读者介绍了什么是远程医疗； 接着介绍远程医疗在世界某些地区（如欧美）的广泛使用；最后介绍远程医疗在亚洲起步较晚的原因、初步发展及其前景。
Ⅲ. 角度分析
第1、2、3、4小题是细节理解题；第5小题是理解翻译题。Ⅳ. 答案分析
1. 【解析】T。由第二段第一句话可知此句是正确的。
2. 【解析】doctors to “see”/see patients。由“Tele-medicine is a technology that allows. . . same place. ”可知：可以转换成doctors to “see”/see patients。
3. 【解析】Because of high costs. /High costs. 由第三段的第一句话可知：因为高成本, 远程医疗在亚洲发展很慢。4. 【解析】Thailand is building a tele-medicine station connecting 20 areas. /Building a tele-medicine station connecting 20 areas. 由第三段的最后一句话可知。
5. 当条件好转的时候，这项技术将会快速地发展。
