北京中考英语阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

阅读单选
Why the Best Things in Life are All Backwards
There’s a part of Navy SEAL training called “drown-proofing” (抗溺水训练) where they bind your hands behind your back, tie your feet together, and dump you into a 9-foot-deep pool. Your job is to survive for five minutes.
Most people who try drown-proofing fail. Many of them panic and scream. But some make it. And they do so because they understand a counterintuitive (违反直觉的) lesson: the more you struggle to keep your head above water, the more likely you are to sink (下沉).
With your arms and legs bound, it’s impossible to keep yourself at the surface for the full five minutes. Even worse, your limited efforts to keep your body afloat will only cause you to sink faster. The trick to drown-proofing is to actually let yourself sink to the bottom of the pool. From there, you lightly push yourself off the pool floor and carry you back to the surface. Once there, you can have a quick breath of air and start the whole process over again.
Strangely, surviving drown-proofing requires no superhuman strength. It doesn’t even require that you know how to swim. However, it requires the ability to not swim. This skill—the ability to let go of control when one wants it most—is one of the most important skills anyone can develop. And not just for SEAL training. For life.
Most people suppose the relationship between effort and reward (回报、奖励) is one-to-one. We think that working twice as long will produce twice the results.
This is almost never true. Most of the world does not exist on a linear curve. Linear relationships only work for mindless or repetitive tasks—driving a car, filling out paperwork, cleaning the bathroom, etc. In all of these cases, doing something for two hours will double the output of doing it for one hour. But that’s simply because they require no thought or creativity.
Most activities in life do not operate along the linear effort/reward curve because most activities in life are not basic nor mindless. Most activities are complex (复杂的), mentally or emotionally involved. Therefore, most activities produce a diminishing returns curve.
Diminishing returns means that the more you experience something, the less rewarding it becomes. The classic example is money. The difference between earning $20,000 and $40,000 is life-changing. The difference between $120,000 and $140,000 means your car has nicer seat heaters. The difference between earning $127,020,000 and $127,040,000 is basically nothing.
Friendship has diminishing returns, as does eating, sleeping, working out at the gym, reading books, studying for an exam—the examples are endless.
But there’s another curve, the inverted curve, where effort and reward have a negative relation—the more effort you put into doing something, the more you will fail to do it.
Drown-proofing exists on an inverted curve. The more effort you put into rising to the surface, the more likely you will be to fail at it.
Few things in life work on an inverted curve. But the few things that do are important. In fact, the most important experiences and goals in life all exist on an inverted curve.
Going after happiness takes you further away from it. The longing for greater freedom is often what causes us to feel stuck and trapped. The need to be loved and accepted prevents us from loving and accepting ourselves.
The harder we try to do something, the less we shall succeed. This is “The Backwards Law”: desiring a positive experience is itself a negative experience; accepting a negative experience is a positive experience. The goal is to take your mind and teach it to stop chasing its own tail. To stop chasing meaning, freedom and happiness because those only serve to move it further away from itself. To show it how the only way to reach the surface is by letting itself sink.
You lean into the fear and uncertainty, and just when you think you’re going to drown, just as you reach the bottom, it will launch you back to your salvation (拯救).
1．The key to survive drown-proofing is to ________.
A．sink down and lift up B．have enough practice
C．hold your breath for long D．move smartly underwater
2．What can we know about the three curves
A．Linear curve shows the possibility of success.
B．Diminishing returns tells us the less the better.
C．Inverted curve works when we have spiritual needs.
D．There is no direct link between the action and the result.
3．According to the three curves, which application is probably true
A．The more friends we have, the happier we will feel.
B．Cleaning works better in the first hour than the second.
C．Confidence increases when we try, and then stops increasing.
D．The more we want respect from others, the less they will respect us.
4．The writer suggests that we should ________.
A．build mind power to live better
B．shape values for positive outcomes
C．give up struggle to gain what we desire
D．accept negativity because we are not perfect
Once upon a time, there was a girl named Heather. She loved her home. It was a big, two-floored house. She had lived there for practically her whole life. “Heather, will you please come downstairs I need to talk to you about something important.” Her mother said, from downstairs. It was a chilly winter night. “Yes, mother!” Heather said, then came downstairs. “What’s up ” She asked her parents, sitting down on the sofa, beside them.
“Dear, I want to talk to you about something important. It’s about this house. You see, month by month, this place has been hard to repair, because it’s so old. We have decided to move houses.” Her mother said. Heather was shocked to hear this. “But, mother, it’s fine! I will donate my money to repair this house! Please! Let’s not move!” she said, desperate to change her mother’s mind.
Before her mother could reply, she stormed upstairs to her room. She sat on her bed and cried. “I don’t want to shift! This house isn’t all that old!” After some time, she lay down on her bed and slept.
The next day, at the breakfast, her mother sat down across from her. “Heather, I promise, you will like your new home! You’ll be used to it before you know it!” Her mother said, trying to make Heather feel better. “Ok. I hope you’re right.” Heather mumbled（咕哝）. “We will move into an apartment, just 45 minutes away from this house. The house may not have as many rooms which we have here, but it has two balconies（阳台）, which have spectacular views!” Her mother said excitedly.
Heather could see that her mother was excited to move. “That sounds promising! Maybe I will like it there!” she said to her mother, trying to sound cheerful. “I’m sure you will!” Her mother said.
Before Heather knew it, Sunday had come. Her packing was done, and so was her parents’. She looked around. Her house was empty. It reminded her of the first time she stepped in it when she was about 5 years old. The house was empty then, too. Nine years later, that moment repeated itself. She didn’t know why, but this seemingly unimportant moment was very heart-touching for her. She smiled. Heather went to every room, saying her goodbyes.
“Dear house, I have enjoyed our time here. But, now it’s time for me to leave. Don’t be sad! We might meet someday, again. Let us both await it. I love you! You have made my life more special, with just your presence in it. I hope you work that magic of yours on every future resident（住户）to live here. Goodbye!” She said to her house.
5．Why did Heather’s parents want to move to a new house
A．Because they had enough money to live there.
B．Because the old house was too old to be repaired.
C．Because the new house was close to the work places.
D．Because they wanted to give a better future to Heather.
6．Which of the following statements is true about the new house
A．It had wonderful views with two balconies.
B．It was very big and had two floors inside.
C．It was not far away from Heather’s school.
D．It was only 5 years old and still empty now.
7．In Heather’s eyes, what is so meaningful in the old house
A．The long history.
B．The promising resident.
C．The unforgettable moments.
D．The heart-touching goodbyes.
The basic scientific method includes the steps scientists use and follow when trying to solve a problem or prove or disprove a theory. The methods are used by scientists all over the world.
There are usually four steps which are a part of the scientific method. The steps can appear in any order, but the first step is usually observation. An observation is the use of one or more of the five senses, which include seeing, hearing, feeling, smelling, and tasting. The five senses are used to learn about or identify an event or object the scientist wants to study. For example, while observing a spider, a scientist may observe the pattern or size of the spider’s web.
The second step of the scientific method is the question being researched, the hypothesis. It is the question that is turned into a statement about an event or object the scientist would like to research. A good hypothesis includes three things: The explanation for the observations, it is able to be tested by other scientists, and it will usually predict new outcomes or conclusions (结论). The scientist observing the spider building the web may have a question about the strength of the web. An example of the hypothesis might be: The larger the spider, the stronger the web. This hypothesis includes the explanation for the observation. It can be tested, and new conclusions may be reached.
The third step of the scientific method is the experiment. An experiment is a test which will either challenge or support the hypothesis. The hypothesis will then be true or false. Using the spider hypothesis, a scientist may experiment by measuring spider webs in relation to a spider’s size. Often, even when a hypothesis is disproved, much can still be learned during the experiment. For example, while measuring the strength of spider webs, the scientist may discover something new about them.
The final step in the scientific method is the conclusion. The conclusion will either clearly support the hypothesis or it will not. If the results support the hypothesis, a conclusion can be written. If it does not support the hypothesis, the scientist may choose to change the hypothesis or write a new one based on what was learned during the experiment. In the example, if the scientist proves that larger spiders build stronger webs, then that is the conclusion. If it was not proven, the scientist may change the hypothesis to: The size of a spider does has no bearing on the strength of its web.
The scientific method is used for simple experiments. Students may do in the classroom or difficult experiments being done all over the world. The spider experiment may be done by any scientist in the world.
In summary, the scientific method includes the steps scientists use to solve a problem or to prove or disprove a theory. There are four basic steps involved with the scientific method. The usual steps include observation, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion. The steps may not always be completed in the same order. Following the four steps, the results of the experiment will either support the hypothesis or will not support the hypothesis. Scientists are always free to change or write a new hypothesis and start the four steps all over again. The scientific method is used for simple experiments or for more difficult experiments.
8．Which of the steps in the scientific method would a scientist use for seeing, hearing, feeling, smelling, and tasting
A．Conclusion. B．Observation. C．Experiment. D．Hypothesis.
9．According to Paragraph 4, which of the following statements is true
A．Spiders and their webs are supplies in scientific experiments.
B．Measuring the size of spiders is the first step of the experiment.
C．Scientists are likely to discover something new from disproved hypothesis.
D．Hypothesis plays an important role in performing the experiment.
10．The underlined word “bearing” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A．relation B．direction C．agreement D．condition
11．What can we learn from the passage
A．Scientific method should be used in fixed order for experiments.
B．Observation can help scientists get ready for new conclusion.
C．Experiments are performed in order to prove the hypothesis is right.
D．Conclusion includes the results of the experiment or new hypothesis.
Tips for How to Work Together
There are many times in school and beyond when you will need to work with other people. You may be working together to complete a project, make a decision, discuss a book, or achieve a goal.
No matter the situation, there are four words that will make your experience of working together the best it can be: prepare, listen, respect, and respond. Here are some guidelines to get you started.
12．According to the passage, you may be working together to ________.
A．play a game B．take a trip
C．discuss a book D．attend a class
13．If you want to get prepared, you should ________.
A．have an open mind B．express your views clearly
C．look at people as they speak D．research your topic
14．When you give your coworker a thumbs up, you ________.
A．respect others’ comments B．use encouraging body language
C．know your role in the group D．have some questions to ask
Close your eyes. Try to bring back a memory of taking an exam in your worst subject with your strictest teacher. Probably you remember looking at the paper, feeling you didn’t know any of the answers. Your heart was beating fast...Not surprisingly, you think of that experience as all bad, a long-lasting discomfort.
But maybe it didn’t have to be that way. A paper in Nature reports that a one-time online mindset exercise（思维模式训练）improved the way young people thought about stressful events and their uncomfortable responses（反应）. The exercise is based on two mindsets: first, ability is not fixed but can be improved with effort and support; second, body responses to stress can be helpful. As students work through the exercise themselves, they read information about how the brain builds on experience and how the body uses stress——a fast-beating heart sends more blood to the brain to help you think. The exercise also suggests ways to succeed in stressful situations, and it asks students to write about what they might do differently next time.
Researchers invited thousands of high school and college students to take the exercise. The findings show that this exercise appears to be able to change our understanding of the world around us and our responses to pared with those who didn’t take the exercise, students who took part thought about stress differently, turning it into a way of energizing the motivation（激活动力）to achieve a goal. What’s more, the exercise changed their body responses for the better, preparing the body to respond to events as a challenge rather than a threat（威胁）.
“Difficulty and struggle are your friends,” says Christopher Bryan, a social psychologist and one of the researchers. “Those experiences don’t feel good in the moment, but it’s the path anyone who became truly excellent at anything had to travel.”
The exercise could be put into further use. It could be specially made for athletes or office workers in the future. Once it has been fully tested, the exercise could be ready for use in high schools and colleges nationwide.
The researchers don’t just want young people to rethink about stress; they want adults to rethink about young people. “Our studies suggest that we might not teach young people that they are too weak to get over difficulties, but that we might, instead, provide them with resources and guidance so that young people can show their skills and creativity in dealing with big problems,” they write in the paper.
15．According to Paragraph 2, the mindset exercise may help you ________.
A．forget about your stressful moments
B．find ways to slow down your heartbeat
C．record what you have been through before
D．understand how the brain builds on experience
16．What can we learn about the exercise
A．It is now helping teenagers nationwide.
B．It is especially helpful to office workers.
C．It aims to help teenagers get better grades.
D．It can change students’ responses to events.
17．The writer would probably agree that ________.
A．difficulties are part of growth for young people
B．motivation plays the key role in achieving a goal
C．teenagers are too weak to get through difficulties
D．adults should show their skills and creativity first
18．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To question the influence of stress.
B．To explain the importance of stress.
C．To introduce a way to look at stress.
D．To compare two mindsets about stress.
Last fall, I signed up for a four-month program for teenagers in Mountain High School. I went there because hikes, art, and fields of corn sounded fun to me.
When I set out in August, I hugged my parents’ goodbye. “See you in December!” I said.
My parents nodded. They were worried — I could tell. It was because they knew me so well. They knew that I had trouble reaching out. They knew that I was shy and I made friends slowly.
My dad looked worriedly at me and my mom’s voice shook as she said, “You’re going to be just fine, baby girl.”
The first two weeks were difficult. I made half-hearted small talks at meals, and I cried in the shower. For me, being around people all the time was more tiring than a five-mile race. I was out of my comfort zone, and I couldn’t go back.
One day during the third week, I spent two hours collecting corn with one of my classmates. My feelings matched the darkening sky. I wanted to be alone. After a while, she asked, “Where are you from again ” Half an hour passed, “How many brothers or sisters do you have ”
Finally, my classmate said the three magic words in the English language: I LOVE READING. Soon I found myself talking about books I enjoyed reading. I started to relax. A few bricks (砖) fell down from my wall of shyness.
A few more fell. I started to reach out. The bricks fell and fell and fell. By the end of the program, I was totally different. I ran through the dining hall, I jumped on the chairs, I sang, and I made friends.
That was the wonderful thing about a comfort zone: once you are out of it, it doesn’t take long to find a new normal. When I arrived, people tired me. When I left, I couldn’t stand leaving them.
19．The writer’s parents worried about her because ________.
A．she disliked the program B．she was always a shy girl
C．she feared to leave home D．she was a very slow reader.
20．The writer started to relax after ________.
A．calling her parents
B．running a hard race
C．talking about books
D．crying in the shower
21．From her experience, the writer learned about ________.
A．the benefits of living by oneself
B．the joy of leaving a comfort zone
C．the value of having a new hobby
D．the importance of making friends
From football to volleyball, “ball” is part of the sport’s name in many cases. However, if you watch an ice hockey game for the first time, you will probably notice that, unlike many sports, there’s no ball.
In ice hockey, it’s all about the puck: the little round black object that flies around the ice. As two teams skate rapidly on the ice, they fight with sticks to get the puck into the net. They skate so fast and shoot the puck with such force that it’s almost impossible to keep track of it.
Hockey pucks are flat and round. Made of black rubber, they are about 7.62 centimeters across and 2.54 centimeters thick. Each puck weighs about 170 grams. Have you ever seen a hockey puck up close If so, you’ve probably noticed that there are raised patterns on the edge of the puck. A completely smooth puck would be hard to shoot. The raised patterns give the hockey stick something to hold onto when a player takes a shot.
The hockey puck first appeared in 1875, though it’s unclear who actually invented it. Experts believe the first hockey puck was likely just a rubber ball cut in half. This provided players with an object with a flat side that would slide（滑行）across the ice.
Today, hockey pucks are only made in four countries: Canada, Russia, China, and the Czech Republic. At large factories, workers mix rubber with a special material first. Next, they add carbon black to the mixture. Then, they pour the mixture into a mold（模具）and press it. After that, special logos can be added to each side through a step called silk screening. About 5,000 logoed pucks can be made in a week.
Hockey pucks are really cool. They are kept frozen so that they slide on the ice and don’t bounce（弹跳）around. Once the players tie their ice skates, they’re off running after the puck, which can reach speeds of up to 160 kilometers per hour or more!
22．The expression “keep track of” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A．follow B．collect C．lead D．cross
23．What can we learn from the passage ________
A．It takes four steps to produce a logoed puck.
B．The first hockey puck was a round rubber ball.
C．The pucks are kept frozen to bounce around the ice.
D．Raised patterns make it hard for players to take shots.
24．Which of the following could be the best title of the passage ________
A．Slide on the Ice with Pucks
B．Get to Know All about Pucks
C．Have Fun Playing Ice Hockey
D．Take a Close Look at Ice Hockey
Are you interested in helping your kids take up a new hobby Here are some ideas for you.
Gardening Gardening not only allows your kids to get their hands dirty but also makes them quiet. It can provide a good way to work out.You don’t even need to have an outdoor space of your own, because community gardens will work just fine.
Bread-making Bread-making is a hands-on activity. Kids get excited to make something they like. Also, they learn some simple cooking skills. Most importantly, you get closer to your kids while spending time doing something fun.
Calligraphy书法 Chinese calligraphy is beautiful handwriting. It is done with a special brush or pen. This hobby will improve your kids’ handwriting, hand-controlling skills and help them focus better.
Paper-folding Paper-folding is special. It helps to improve your kids’ hand-controlling and creative thinking skills. It also saves money because there are a lot of videos online to teach your kids for free.
25．Gardening ________ .A．requires a private garden
B．provides a good way to work out
C．teaches kids to save money
D．helps kids keep their hands clean
26．What can improve kids’ creative thinking skills ________
A．Gardening. B．Bread-making.
C．Calligraphy. D．Paper-folding.
27．The passage is written for________.
A．teachers B．students C．parents D．visitors
You should time your meals, because a full stomach can be the reason why you can’t get to sleep at night. A light snack at bedtime can promote (提升) sleep, but too much food can cause digestive (消化的) discomfort that leads to wakefulness. Moreover, you’d better not drink coffee or tea in the evenings. Any food or drink that contains caffeine can disturb (扰乱) sleep, especially if you are sensitive to caffeine.
People’s body is easily influenced by light and darkness. Doctors strongly suggest darkening the bedroom before you go to sleep. So, start from turning down the lights in your bedroom. Turn off laptops, TVs and other sources of light in our bedroom. These things send out blue light which can cause wakefulness at night and break up the body’s natural inclination to sleep. Moreover, close your curtains (窗帘) and blinds at night, so you will be able to sleep calmly.
It’s important to change your sleep cycle gradually in order to avoid stress and different sleep disorders. The most suitable way is to do it in 15-minute amount of increase. If you have to wake up earlier, try to fall asleep 15 minutes earlier each evening. It may be difficult to fall asleep at once, take some relaxing activities like a bubble bath. I think a few nights will be enough for you to feel comfortable with the new schedule (时间表). You should stick to the same sleep and wake up schedule. Don’t forget about weekends! It is allowed to have an extra hour on Saturday, but you are to be back on track for Sunday. It will help your body get used to this new routine.
If you have done all possible things to fall asleep and you are still tossing and turning, you should get up and start doing things you have no time to do during the day. Don’t torture (折磨) yourself! Do something low-stress and boring until you discover that you are tired. As a rule, 30 minutes of boring activities will be enough to bring you back to bed. A good night’s sleep is an indispensable (不可或缺的) part of your life. It can refresh and restore your body. I hope these tips will help you change your sleep schedule.
28．What can we learn from the passage
A．Some boring activities can make it difficult to fall into sleep.
B．The blue light in the bedroom is helpful to get to sleep easily.
C．The sleep schedule should be changed according to work time.
D．Eating a light snack before going to bed could be good for sleep.
29．What does the writer mainly tell us in the passage
A．The advantages of carrying out the sleep schedule every day.
B．Some effective suggestions that can help to fall asleep in bed.
C．Several kinds of relaxing sports should be taken before sleep.
D．A few practical methods to save electrical energy in bedrooms.
30．The phrase “inclination to sleep” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A．state of being eager for sleep B．steps of forming a sleep cycle
C．process of falling into sleep D．conditions of sleeping in bed
31．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To discuss the relationship between sleep and health.
B．To introduce the bad effects caused by sleep disorders.
C．To advise on how to drive wakefulness away from sleep.
D．To introduce a suitable diet for a good night’s sleep.
The Power of Dream
As Tony walked with his family along the river, he saw a man playing the saxophone (萨克斯管) by the river. The man was wearing a hat with a leather strap (皮带) around his neck. At the same time, he was dancing with the beautiful music from his saxophone. There was a large crowd of people around him. When Tony’s family had already walked on up the river, he still lost his thought in the dream of playing the saxophone one day.
Two weeks later, it was Tony’s birthday. When he opened his present from his parents, he was glad to find it was a saxophone! He blew the mouth of the saxophone and tried to play it, but the saxophone wouldn’t make a sound. Then his dad told him to read the instrument book to learn what to do. After about 15 minutes, he raised it slowly to his lips (嘴唇) as his family watched. But still there was no sound. He blew and blew but he couldn’t get the saxophone to work. He was almost crying when suddenly the saxophone made the most beautiful sound which made him think of the music of the man by the river. He blew again, he moved his fingers on the saxophone and he made more sounds. Some of them were loud and clear but many of them weren’t. He was happy because he was playing very interesting sounds. But he wasn’t able to play music with his saxophone.
Then he began to take lessons. His teacher taught him how to play it. When he was learning, he always remembered the man playing the saxophone by the river. His skills of playing musical instrument were gradually improved and at last he could play music with his saxophone. Now Tony is in the TV studio (播放室) with his saxophone strapped to his neck and his hat on his head. He is waiting to be called to the stage to play his first saxophone solo (独奏曲) on TV.
32．Tony’s attention was drawn to ________ when he walked along the river.
A．the singing of birds in the trees B．the ducks in the river
C．the hat on the man’s head D．the music from the saxophone
33．On Tony’s birthday, ________ gave him a saxophone as a present.
A．a famous musician B．his parents
C．the man by the river D．one of his teachers
34．What can we know from the passage
A．Tony had dreamt of becoming a music teacher one day.
B．Tony learned to play the saxophone by himself at home.
C．Tony was influenced by the man playing the saxophone.
D．Tony often remembered the life staying with his parents.
参考答案：
1．A
2．C
3．D
4．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么生活中最美好的东西都是向后的，并介绍了三种曲线。
1．细节理解题。根据“The trick to drown-proofing is to actually let yourself sink to the bottom of the pool. From there, you lightly push yourself off the pool floor and carry you back to the surface”可知，防溺水的诀窍就是让自己沉到泳池底部。从那里，你轻轻地把自己推离池底，然后把自己带回到水面。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据“Going after happiness takes you further away from it...The need to be loved and accepted prevents us from loving and accepting ourselves”可推测出，当我们有精神需求时，倒曲线起作用。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“This is ‘The Backwards Law’: desiring a positive experience is itself a negative experience; accepting a negative experience is a positive experience”可知，这就是“逆向法则”：渴望积极体验本身就是消极体验；接受消极的经历就是积极的经历，由此可推测出，我们越想得到别人的尊重，别人就越不会尊重我们。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据“To show it how the only way to reach the surface is by letting itself sink”和“You lean into the fear and uncertainty, and just when you think you’re going to drown, just as you reach the bottom, it will launch you back to your salvation (拯救)”可推测出，作者建议放弃这种为了得到我们渴望的东西而进行的努力和挣扎。故选C。
5．B
6．A
7．C
【导语】本文讲述了希瑟与她从小在那长大的房子道别，表达了依依不舍的惜别之情。
5．细节理解题。根据“You see, month by month, this place has been hard to repair, because it’s so old. We have decided to move houses.”可知，房子年久失修，因此他们决定搬家。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“The house may not have as many rooms which we have here, but it has two balconies（阳台）, which have spectacular views!”可知，新房子有两个阳台，可以看到美丽的景色。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据“Dear house, I have enjoyed our time here.”和“You have made my life more special, with just your presence in it.”可知，希瑟在房子里度过了美好时光，她觉得房子的存在让她的生活变得更加特别。也就是说，在她眼中，在房子里度过的那些难忘时光让她觉得非常有意义。故选C。
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。
8．细节理解题。根据“An observation is the use of one or more of the five senses, which include seeing, hearing, feeling, smelling, and tasting”可知，观察是使用五种感官中的一种或多种，包括视觉、听觉、感觉、嗅觉和味觉。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据“Often, even when a hypothesis is disproved, much can still be learned during the experiment”可知，通常，即使假设被证明是错误的，在实验过程中仍然可以学到很多东西，故可推测出，科学家很可能从被推翻的假设中发现新的东西。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。根据“Using the spider hypothesis, a scientist may experiment by measuring spider webs in relation to a spider’s size”和“If it was not proven, the scientist may change the hypothesis to: The size of a spider does has no”以及“on the strength of its web”可知，此处表示，如果没有得到证实，科学家可能会把这个假设改为：蜘蛛的大小与它的网的强度没有关系，故此处的bearing表示“关系，关联”。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据“The conclusion will either clearly support the hypothesis or it will not. If the results support the hypothesis, a conclusion can be written. If it does not support the hypothesis, the scientist may choose to change the hypothesis or write a new one based on what was learned during the experiment”可知，结论要么清楚地支持假设，要么不支持。如果结果支持假设，就可以写出结论。如果它不支持假设，科学家可能会选择改变假设，或者根据在实验中了解到的知识编写一个新的假设，故可推测出，结论包括实验结果或新的假设。故选D。
12．C
13．D
14．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何一起工作的技巧，重点在四个词，分别是准备、倾听、尊重和回应。
12．细节理解题。根据“You may be working together to complete a project, make a decision, discuss a book, or achieve a goal”可知，你们可能在一起完成一个项目，做一个决定，讨论一本书，或者实现一个目标。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“Prepare”和“Research your topic”可知，如果你想有所准备，你应该研究一下你的主题。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据“...but most of the time I give them a thumbs up”和“Use encouraging body languages”可推测出，当你给他们点赞时，你在使用鼓励的肢体语言。故选B。
15．D
16．D
17．A
18．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种看待压力的方法。
15．细节理解题。根据“As students work through the exercise themselves, they read information about how the brain builds on experience and how the body uses stress——a fast-beating heart sends more blood to the brain to help you think”可知，当学生们自己做练习的时候，他们会读到关于大脑是如何建立在经验的基础上，以及身体如何利用压力的信息——快速跳动的心脏会向大脑输送更多的血液来帮助你思考。故可知，心态练习可以帮助你理解大脑是如何建立在经验之上的。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据“The findings show that this exercise appears to be able to change our understanding of the world around us and our responses to it”和“What’s more, the exercise changed their body responses for the better, preparing the body to respond to events as a challenge rather than a threat（威胁）”可知，这种练习似乎能够改变我们对周围世界的理解和我们对它的反应，并且这项运动使他们的身体反应变得更好，让身体做好应对挑战而不是威胁的准备。故选D。
17．推理判断题。根据“‘Difficulty and struggle are your friends,’...‘Those experiences don’t feel good in the moment, but it’s the path anyone who became truly excellent at anything had to travel.’”可知，困难和奋斗是你的朋友并且这些经历在当时感觉并不好，但这是任何真正在任何领域变得优秀的人必须走过的道路，故可推测出，作者赞成困难是年轻人成长的一部分。故选A。
18．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种看待压力的方法。故选C。
19．B
20．C
21．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要说的是作者参加了山区高中为期四个月的青少年项目后的变化。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段“They knew that I was shy and I made friends slowly.”可知，他们知道我很害羞，我交朋友慢。父母之所以担心作者是因为她很害羞。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Soon I found myself talking about books I enjoyed reading. I started to relax.”可知，很快我发现自己在谈论我喜欢读的书。我开始放松。作者开始放松是在谈论喜欢读的书后。故选C。
21．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That was the wonderful thing about a comfort zone: once you are out of it, it doesn’t take long to find a new normal.”可知，这是舒适区的美妙之处：一旦你走出舒适区，很快就会找到新的常态。从她的经历中，作者了解了离开舒适区的喜悦。故选B。
22．A
23．A
24．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了关于冰球的历史、制作方式以及冰球的规则等。
22．词义猜测题。根据“They skate so fast and shoot the puck with such force”可知，他们滑得那么快，投冰球的力量如此之大。因此可以推测，几乎不可能跟上它。所以“keep track of”的意思相当于“follow”。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据“At large factories, workers mix rubber with a special material first. Next, they add carbon black to the mixture. Then, they pour the mixture into a mold（模具）and press it. After that, special logos can be added to each side through a step called silk screening.”可知，在大型工厂，工人们首先将橡胶与一种特殊材料混合。接下来，他们在混合物中加入炭黑。然后，他们将混合物倒入模具模具，并进行挤压。之后，通过一个叫做丝印的步骤，可以在每一面添加特殊的标识。可见，制作一个有标识的冰球需要四个步骤。选项A“制作有标志的冰球需要四个步骤。”表述是正确的。故选A。
24．标题归纳题。根据“However, if you watch an ice hockey game for the first time, you will probably notice that, unlike many sports, there’s no ball.”可知，然而，如果你第一次观看冰球比赛，你可能会注意到，与许多其他运动不同的是，冰球没有球。以及下文对冰球的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了关于冰球的情况。选项B“了解冰球的一切”符合题意。故选B。
25．B
26．D
27．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要向家长介绍了帮助孩子培养新的爱好的方法，并给出了一些建议。
25．细节理解题。根据第一个格“It can provide a good way to work out.”可知，它可以提供一种很好的锻炼方式。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据最后一个格“Paper-folding is special. It helps to improve your kids’ hand-controlling and creative thinking skills.”可知，折纸是特别的。它有助于提高你的孩子的手控制和创造性思维能力。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据“Are you interested in helping your kids take up a new hobby ”可知，你有兴趣帮助你的孩子培养新的爱好吗？这篇文章是写给家长的。故选C。
28．C
29．B
30．A
31．C
【导语】本文给出了一些改善睡眠的建议。
28．推理判断题。根据“Don’t forget about weekends! It is allowed to have an extra hour on Saturday, but you are to be back on track for Sunday. It will help your body get used to this new routine.”可知周六可以晚睡一小时，但周日需要回归正常，由此推出应该根据工作时间来调整睡眠时间。故选C。
29．主旨大意题。根据“I hope these tips will help you change your sleep schedule.”及全文内容可知本文主要给出了一些改善睡眠的建议。故选B。
30．词义猜测题。根据“Turn off laptops, TVs and other sources of light in our bedroom. These things send out blue light which can cause wakefulness at night and break up the body’s natural inclination to sleep.”可知发出蓝光的东西耀光雕，是因为蓝光会破坏身体想要睡眠的强项，由此可知inclination to sleep意为“急于睡觉的状态”。故选A。
31．写作目的题。根据“I hope these tips will help you change your sleep schedule.”及全文内容可知本文主要给出了一些改善睡眠的建议，由此推出作者写本文的目的是建议如何将清醒从睡眠中驱除。故选C。
32．D
33．B
34．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了托尼一直梦想着有一天会演奏萨克斯管，后来在他生日的时候他家人送给他萨克斯管作为生日礼物，他认真学习，最后可以在电视上演奏萨克斯管。
32．细节理解题。根据“As Tony walked with his family along the river, he saw a man playing the saxophone by the river.”可知托尼沿着河边走的时候，他的注意力被萨克斯管的音乐吸引住了。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据“When he opened his present from his parents, he was glad to find it was a saxophone!”可知托尼生日那天，他的父母送给他一个萨克斯管作为礼物。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据“When Tony’s family had already walked on up the river, he still lost his thought in the dream of playing the saxophone one day.”及全文内容可知托尼受到了吹萨克斯管的人的影响，有了演奏萨卡斯管的梦想。故选C。