人教版2019选择性必修第一册
Unit 5 Working the land
真题训练
I.单项选择
1.(2017·全国高考真题)_______began as a local festival has blossomed into an international event.
A.That B.Where C.Which D.What
2.(2020·江苏高考真题)It is not a problem _____ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A.whether B.why C.when D.where
3.(2012·安徽高考真题)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ______ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A.whether B.where C.that D.why
4.(2008·山东高考真题)________ was most important to her, she told me, was to keep healthy.
A.It B.This
C.What D.As
5.(2016·北京高考真题)(2016·北京)Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A.However B.Whoever
C.Whatever D.Wherever
6.(2016·江苏高考真题)(2016·江苏)It is often the case ____________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A.why B.what
C.as D.that
7.(2013·天津高考真题) I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A.That B.Which C.Whether D.What
8.(2015·江苏高考真题)_____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
A.That B.Why
C.Where D.How
9.(2015·北京高考真题)_____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A.Where B.How C.Why D.When
10.(2014·陕西高考真题)(2015·陕西) ____________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A.Why B.When
C.That D.What
11.(2014·天津高考真题)I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
A.what B.that C.which D.who
12.(2014·广西高考真题)Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A.whether B.why
C.when D.how
13.(2012·上海高考真题)- We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do
- No,_ _I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.
A.who B.that C.what D.which
14.(2013·四川高考真题)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A.When B.How
C.What D.That
15.(2013·陕西高考真题)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
A.that B.which
C.what D.whether
16.(2013·江西高考真题)(2013江西高考)_________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A.Whoever B.Whatever
C.Whichever D.Wherever
17.(2013·山东高考真题)It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A.what B.whose
C.which D.that
18.(2013·北京高考真题)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A.That B.What
C.Who D.Which
19.(2012·福建高考真题)We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever
20.(2012·湖南高考真题)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A.why B.how C.whether D.When
21.(2012·全国高考真题)It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A.how B.which
C.that D.what
22.(2012·山东高考真题)It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A.how B.whether
C.what D.why
23.(2011·江苏高考真题)It was never clear ________ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.
A.that B.how C.when D.why
24.(2011·湖南高考真题)Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ________ the problem itself is.
A.what B.that C.which D.why
25.(2008·浙江高考真题)________ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
A.Anyone B.The one
C.Whoever D.Who
26.(2008·福建)_____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A.It B.What C.As D.Which
27.(2007·陕西高考真题)____parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A.That B.Which
C.What D.As
28.(2007·福建高考真题)It is none of your business ________ other people think about you.Believe
yourself.
A.how B.what
C.which D.when
29.(2008·上海高考真题)It has been proved______eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
A.if B.because C.when D.that
30.(2009·上海高考真题)It is immediately clear ______ the financial crisis will soon be over.
A.since B.what
C.when D.whether
II.语法填空(2016·上海高考真题)
Bags of Love
Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.
After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something.31.(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and32.happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in33.she distributed it to children.
I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she34.(do) Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop35.(buy) the groceries if I found out
When she got home, I told her about my discovery.36.she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret37.me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by38.selfless she was.
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答案与解析
I.
1.D
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:最初的地方性节日已经发展成为国际性的活动。分析句子结构可知,整个句子的谓语动词为“has blossomed into ”,主语为“_______began as a local festival ”,主语从句中的谓语动词为"began",前面缺少主语,且不指代人,因此用连接代词“what”来引导主语从句。故选D.
2.A
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A. whether是否;B. why为什么;C. when什么时候;D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知,此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
3.A
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:一般来说,一个人的智力极限在出生时是固定的,但他是否达到这些极限将取决于他所处的环境。A. whether是否;B. where引导名词性从句时,做地点状语;C. that引导名词性从句时,只起连接作用、无实意;D. why引导名词性从句时,做原因状语。通过分析可知,此处是主语从句,且引导词在从句中不作任何成分,但有实际意义,表示“是否”,应该用whether。故选A。
4.C
【解析】
考查主语从句连接词。句意:她告诉我说于她而言最重要的是保持健康。she told me是插入语,不影响整个句式的表达,句子中的谓语是(was to keep healthy),空格处表示“所……的”,在主语从句中作主语,用what。故选C。
5.C
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:你的支持对我们的工作很重要,你所能做的一切都有帮助。分析句子可知,helps是谓语,“________ you can do”是主语部分,即主语从句,在主语从句中,do后缺少宾语,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引导,故选C。
【名师点睛】
主语从句 Subject Clauses(在主语的位置上)
1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。
例如:That he is a famous singer is known to us.=" It" is known to us that he is a famous singer.
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
Who will go makes no difference.
It is known to us that he is a famous singer.
It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.
2. wh-ever引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别:
区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh-有疑问的意思;wh-ever有肯定强调的意思。
例如:Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.
Whoever comes here is welcomed.
A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.
The gift will be given to whomever I like.
wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换,但在引导状语从句时可以替换。
例如:Whatever happened, he would not mind.=" No" matter what happened, he would not mind.
6.D
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中It为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。从句的句意和句子结构完整。故D项正确。
【名师点睛】
that 引导主语从句:由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下不放句首,用it 作形式主语来代替它的位置。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种:
一、It + be +形容词+that从句.
适用于这种句型的常见形容词有:necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,obvious,surprising等。如:
1. It’s clear that they badly need help。很明显,他们急需援助。
2. It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last. 最终我们有可能实施这个项目。
当表语为 necessary,clear,true,strange, important, wonderful,possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容词时,谓语动词的形式一般为"should+动词原形"。如:
3. It is necessary that you (should) master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。
4. It is strange that he should have killed himself.真奇怪,他竟然自杀了。
二、 It+be+名词词组+ that从句.
常用于这种句型的名词词组有:a fact,a good idea,a pity,an hour,a shame,no wonder,good news等。
1. It’s a pity that you missed the film.你错过那部电影真是太遗憾了。
2.—Tom has a bad cold. ——汤姆患了重感冒。
—It is no wonder that he looks pale.——难怪他看起来脸色苍白。
3. It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen. 他竟然偷钢笔,真是太丢脸了。
注意:在句型"It is/was+名词+that从句"中,当名词为"a pity,a shame,no wonder"等时,从句中要用"should+动词原形"(should可省略)。如:
It is a great pity that he should be so selfish。真遗憾,他竟然那么自私。
三、 It + be+过去分词+ that从句.
常用的过去分词有:said,reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。
1. It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
2. It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades. 据报道这两个国家就贸易问题达成了一个人协议。
当过去分词为表示建议,命令,愿望的词如suggested , ordered, requested等时,从句需用虚拟语气。动词形式为:should + 动词原型。
1. It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) give a performance.有人请求王先生表演一个节目。
2. It is suggested that we (should) discuss the problem .有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。
7.D
【解析】
考查名词性从句。句意:“我想告诉你的是我深爱我的父母并很尊重他们。”名词性从句的连词选用规则是:根据意思,缺什么就填什么,什么都不缺就填that。我们必须特别关注what所引导的名词性从句,what引导名词性时,必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分,意思是“……的事或东西”,一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来,插入语除外。我们还要关注whatever与what的区别,前者有两个意思——无论什么或anything that…(任何东西),而后者只表示“……的事或东西”;whatever与no matter what的区别在于前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导状语从句,而后者只能引导状语从句。其他配对词的用法也是类似的。故选D。
8.C
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:李白是中国一位伟大的诗人,他的出生地是众所周知的,但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知,a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语,is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意,where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。
9.B
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知,主语从句缺少方式状语,因此选择how。故选B。
【点睛】
主语从句分多种,解题时要分析原题空中缺少的是何种状语。这类题考生首先要利用主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判别,尤其是连词在从句中的功能,由于引导主语从句的连词功能有所分别,较为容易抉择,但有的连词的形式一样,但具有不同意思,这就需要考生仔细甄别,充分利用与之相关内容或与其搭配相关词语的意思。
10.B
【解析】
考查名词性从句的连接词。句意:被延误的航班何时起飞依天气而定。题干中主句的谓语动词为depends,为此前面是主语从句。Why在主语从句中做原因状语;when在主语从句中作时间状语;that在主语从句中不做任何成分;what在主语从句中作主语或宾语。根据语境判断主语从句中缺少时间状语。故选B。
11.A
【解析】
试题分析:考查主语从句。句意:我认为关于他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。在主语从句中what做主语,指代物;that 只起连接作用,不做句子成分;which哪一个;who做主语,指代人;本从句中缺少主语, 根据语境可知,物做主语。所以选A。
考点:考查主语从句。
12.C
【解析】
考查主语从句的连接词。句意:准确的说,土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定,但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作主语,在从句中作时间状语。故选C。
13.C
【解析】
此处what I am looking for是主语从句,what在主语从句中作for的宾语。句意:我正在找的是比这更大、更结实的书柜。
【考点定位】考查名词性从句的连接词。
14.C
【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。此处you said 需要宾语。describes a bright future for the company需要主语,只有what能满足要求。句意:你会上所说的话是对公司发展前景的一个很好的描述。
【名师点睛】考查名词性从句的连接词要学会分析句子成分。如果主语从句缺少主宾表,用what连接主语从句,如果不缺成分,用that连接,引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用。
15.D
【解析】
考查名词性从句。句意:新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。题干中it作形式主语,真正主语为横线后的主语从句。判断主语从句中不缺少主干成分,因此排除代词B、C两项;“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述,即排除表陈述的that应用whether表“是否”。故选D。
16.C
【解析】
考查名词性从句。句意:无论你们其中哪个人弄坏窗子都得为之赔偿。主句谓语为will have to pay,之前为主语从句, whichever“无论哪一个”,作定语。故选C。
17.D
【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句。句中的it是形式主语,________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away是真正的主语,用引导词that。句意:非常高兴知道,我们不在的时候这些狗会被照顾得很好。
【名师点睛】主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。引导主语从句的that在从句中不做成分,只起到连接的作用。
18.B
【解析】
试题分析:考查名词性从句的连接词。is之前为主语从句,该从句缺主语,指的是事物,所以选B。
19.C
【解析】
首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会,不定式做chance的定语,然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever="anyone" who,这样句子就很清晰了,所以划分句子成分非常关键,以前考察whoever都是做状语,而本题考查的是作promise的宾语,挺新颖的。
20.C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:村子里的每个人都很友好。你在那里住的时间长短都无所谓。A. why为什么,B. how 怎样,C. whether是否,D. When当…..时候,it是形式主语,whether引导的是真正的主语从句,所以选C。
考点:考查主语从句
21.D
【解析】
考查连接词。句意:句意:总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。此处it是形式主语,what引导的是主语从句,作真正的主语。what作do的宾语。故选D项。
22.B
【解析】
考查主语从句的连接词。此处it是形式主语,后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语,whether...or…意为:是…还是…都行。句意:在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
23.D
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:这一直不清楚为什么那个人没有早点报告这起事故。根据句中的never clear可知,是指不清楚其中不报道的原因;why“为什么”,在句子充当原因状语。It在句中是形式主语,真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。故选D
24.A
【解析】
本题考察的是名词性从句中主语从句。从句中缺表语,排除B和D;又因题目没有给出problem的范围,故选A;
25.C
【解析】
考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,该题考查主语从句,从句缺主语且主语意指人又有“任何一”的含义,故该空最佳答案为C.
考点:主语从句
26.B
【解析】
考查名词性从句的用法。根据句子分析,第二个is 前面的_____ is known to us all为主语从句,句中缺少主语,根据句意分析,应该选择能充当成分的What。
27.C
【解析】
考查主语从句,句意:父母所说和所做对孩子的一生有重要的影响。what引导主语从句,同时充当主语从句动词say and do的宾语。故选C项。
28.B
【解析】
考查连接词辨析。句意: 不要在意其他人怎么看你,相信自己。A. how怎么样; B. what什么;C. which哪个; D. when 什么时候。It是形式主语,真正的主语是what other people think about you。what作think的宾语。故选B项。
29.D
【解析】
考查that引导的主语从句。句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是eating vegetables in …life,从句部分是一个完整的陈述句,不缺句子成分。所以应用that引导这个主语从句。故选D。
30.D
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:金融危机是否会结束现在还不清楚。A.since自从……以来;B.what什么;……的;C.when当……的时候;D.whether是否。此题中It作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句,从句主系表齐全,根据语境,表示“是否”。应选D。
II.
【答案】
31.Wondering
32.what
33.which
34.had done
35.buying
36.Before
37.from
38.how
【解析】
【分析】
试题分析:本文是篇记叙文,作者在无意中发现妈妈在偷偷地帮助困境中的儿童,赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。
31.Wondering 考查现在分词做状语。动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系,所以使用现在分词wondering在句中作状语。
32.what 考查主语从句。此处what引导主语从句,what happened在句中作主语。句意:发生的事情真的让我很惊讶。
33.which 考查定语从句。此定语从句的先行词是the refugee camp,指物,关系代词在定语从句中作介词in的宾语,故用which,in which相当于关系副词where。
34.had done 考查时态。根据上下文可知,"我"被派到妈妈家附近工作,这是过去发生的事情,而妈妈帮助难民是我来这里工作之前就发生的事情,所以使用过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的事情。
35.buying 考查动词短语。stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事情;stop doing sth.停止做某事。句意:妈妈是担忧如果我发现了这件事情我的反应是什么或者担忧我不再给她买食品杂货吗?根据句意可知使用stop doing sth.。
36.Before 考查连词。before引导时间状语从句,此处意为"还没来得及……就……"。句意:她还没有来得及反应过来,我就给了她一个大大的拥抱并告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。
37.from 考查动词短语。keep a secret to sb.对某人保密。句意:她还没有来得及反应过来,我就紧紧地抱着她并告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。
38.how 考查宾语从句。本句中表语从句how selfless she was作介词by的宾语,因为selfless是形容词,所以使用how来引导这个从句,用法和感叹句类似。
【名师点睛】
连词before最主要的含义为"在……之前",但在不同的语境中有不同的翻译方法。本文第30小题中before意为"还没来得及……就……"。
before作为连词,其基本含义是"在……之前",又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成"才"、"还没来得及就……"、"趁……"等。具体用法如下:
1)与情态动词can/could连用
这时候从句虽为肯定形式,根据汉语表达习惯译成"还没来得及……就……",如:
Before I could get in a word,he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
Before she could move,she heard a loud noise,which grew to a terrible roar.她还没来得及迈步,就听见一声巨响,接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。
2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间,距离长或花费的精力大,译成"才"
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
We waited a long time before the train arrived. 我们等了很长时间火车才到。
3)用于否定句中,强调主句所表达的时间,距离短,或花费的精力小,译成"不到……就……"。如:
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
4)主句含有hardly,scarcely等半否定副词时,可以译为"刚……就……"。这时候主句应用过去完成时态,从句用过去时,还可以用when替代before。如:
We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang. 我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
5)有时还可译为"宁愿"。
I’d shoot myself before I apologized to him. 我宁死也不向他道歉。
6)用于"It +be/take+时间段+before句型"。在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。若主句是一般将来时态,从句是一般现在时时,若主句是肯定句,则译为"要过多长时间才……";若主句是否定句,则译为"用不了多久就……"。
It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal. 两周之后一切才能恢复正常。
It will be many years before the situation improves. 这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。
It won‘t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
若主从句都是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句,则译为"多长时间之后才……";若主句是否定句,则译为"没过多久就……"。如:
It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
It wasn’t long before she became a brave solider. 没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
After that it still took seven years before they got married. 他们又过了七年才结婚。
考点:考查语法填空
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