人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land单元限时作业（含解析）

Unit 5 Working the Land单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：372 难度：中 建议用时：9分钟
[湖北仙桃中学2020高一期中]Since humans first walked the Earth，we have relied on plants for our survival. They provide us with food，shelter，medicine and even the oxygen we breathe. Now，a group of scientists is wondering if can protect us from climate change as well.
Researchers in San Diego launched a new initiative to improve the ability of plants to suck carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and store it deep in the soil. One of the group’s goals is to find a way to help plants better keep the carbon they absorb from the atmosphere securely locked away in the soil.
All plants make a substance called suberin（软木脂）that protects their roots. You are likely familiar with it even if you don’t know it. It’s the material that makes up the skin of a potato.
The unique properties of suberin help plants in many ways. It makes them more tolerant of drought and, at the same time，better able to survive floods. It also serves as protection against disease. But perhaps most importantly for the group’s goals，suberin is a substance which is very difficult for bacteria and fungi to break down. Further research in the lab revealed that suberin is one of the most stable forms of carbon in the soil. That means once carbon from the atmosphere is made into the ground in the form of suberin，it will remain there.
Armed with this information, one of the group’s first goals is to breed a variety of plants that can produce more suberin than they currently do.“We want them to have bigger and deeper roots with more suberin,”said Joanne Chory, a plant biologist who is leading the initiative. Of course, to have an impact on the global carbon cycle, they will have to exist on an enormous scale. In the longer term, the group plans to partner governments around the world to distribute seeds to farmers. “Five percent of the world’s crop land is what we want to change over, ”Chory said. It’s an enormous goal, and even Chory admits it sounds a bit crazy. But she also believes that the group’s work is a step towards creating a more sustainable planet.
1. According to researchers in San Diego, how can suberin benefit human beings
A. It can make up the skin of a potato.
B. It can provide human beings with oxygen.
C. It can take in and keep carbon dioxide in the ground.
D. It can help human beings fight against droughts and floods.
2. Which of the following does Joanne Chory probably agree with
A. A variety of plants can produce more suberin than they used to do.
B. The bigger and deeper roots a plant has, the less suberin it has.
C. Small amounts of suberin can influence the global carbon cycle.
D. The goal of changing crop land with suberin is hard but meaningful.
3. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A. Relying on Plants to Survive
B. Fighting Climate Change With Super Plants
C. Suberin—a New Magical Substance
D. Plants—More Than Food and Medicine
4. What does the passage mainly intend to do
A. To entertain. B. To argue. C. To inform. D. To instruct.
刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：283 难度：难 建议用时：9分钟
[江苏盐城2020高一期末]
Do You have “Social Jet Lag（社交时差）”？
People who have different sleep patterns at the weekend from those during the working week may experience “social jet lag”. 1 For every hour of “social jet lag”，the risk of being overweight or obese rises by about 33%，says researcher Till Roenneberg, PhD, a professor at the Institute of Medical Psychology at the University of Munich.
Roenneberg, who created the term, says “social jet lag”is caused by the shift in sleep schedule that many people experience on their days off. 2
It goes like this: You don’t have to get up for work so you don’t take the trouble to set the alarm. That means you get up an hour or two later than you might do during the working week. 3 As a result, many people get more sleep on their days off than they do during working days, and they sleep on a slightly different schedule—a schedule that is closer to their body’s natural rhythms.
4 “The behaviour looks like most people on Friday evening fly from Paris to New York or from Los Angeles to Tokyo and on Monday they fly back. Since this almost looks like a travel jet lag situation, we call‘social jet lag’”, he says.
5 When you arrive in a different place, the sun comes up and sets at different time, and your body can reset its own clock to match. With “social jet lag”, the schedule disturbance is lasting because a person stays in the same place.“They have to live a life almost like in a different time zone in comparison to their biological clock,” Roenneberg says.
A. Sleep, he thinks, should get more respect.
B. He guesses that it affects about two-thirds of the population.
C. You may also put your bedtime off so you can go out with friends.
D. A new study shows this shift in sleep schedule is connected with obesity.
E. A key difference between“travel jet lag”and“social jet lag”, however, is light.
F. And depending on what type of person you are, the difference can be significant.
G. Roenneberg explains switching sleep schedule in this way is like changing time zones.
刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：文化教育 词数：290 难度：中 建议用时：15分钟
[河南郑州2020高一期末·改编]Inspiration can be a strange thing. You never know when it might 1 , and sometimes it can come from the most 2 places.
I recently read about an author named Nnedi Okorafor. When she was in college，she had a serious spine disorder（脊柱疾病）. The doctor told her that a simple operation could 3 it. But when she woke up from her 4 ，she found that she couldn’t move her legs and was in great pain.
Okorafor got well later. But before she recovered, she saw strange things in her hospital room. She imagined her 5 as a wild animal that hunted her from the shadows（阴暗处）. But she also imagined a woman who could actually fly. This 6 woman inspired her and helped her forget her pain.“I felt myself become 7 .”she wrote in her book Broken Places Outer Spaces: Finding Creativity in the Unexpected.
We 8 know where we might find the inspiration to create. As a 9 , most of my inspiration comes from other people’s music. But I also find 10 in other things. Books, movies and even just moments in everyday life can 11 new creations. For example, I recently watched the movie Blade runner again. I’ve seen it plenty of times before because it’s one of my favourite movies. But this time, for some reason I saw it 12 . I decided to make music that could create the same feeling as the 13 . It’s not been completed yet, but the music I’m working on now is deeply 14 by the movie’s setting and characters.
Anything can 15 us. You just have to be ready to catch inspiration when it hits.
1. A. pass B. exist C. strike D. help
2. A. attractive B. unexpected C. familiar D. dangerous
3. A. save B. overcome C. control D. treat
4. A. dream B. operation C. shock D. recovery
5. A. pain B. sadness C. fear D. anger
6. A. magical B. confident C. violent D. curious
7. A. smarter B. busier C. quieter D. greater
8. A. even B. only C. never D. still
9. A. musician B. director C. performer D. writer
10. A. characters B. ideas C. materials D. themes
11. A. lead to B. star in C. focus on D. build up
12. A. subjectively B. particularly C. differently D. smoothly
13. A. story B. movie C. song D. scene
14. A. limited B. supported C. influenced D. disturbed
15. A. benefit B. impress C. approach D. inspire
刷语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：182 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[黑龙江大庆一中2020高一期末]We all know that fish live in the water. But there is a kind of fish living in the desert. This kind of fish is called the lungfish. The lungfish is a type of freshwater fish best known for its 1 （able）to live on land，without water，for months on end，and sometimes even for years.
As its name suggests，the lungfish has a highly evolved breathing system 2 can take oxygen straight from the air，just like land animals do. While it still lives in the water，the lungfish needs to 3 （regular）come up to the surface for air. And what is 4 （astonish）is that the lungfish can even die if it is in the water for a long time. Therefore，it needs to avoid 5 （put）underwater.
When in the water，the lungfish behaves like other 6 （type）of fish，swimming and eating small fish at 7 bottom of ponds and lakes. But when the dry season hits，the lungfish will bury itself deep into the mud, where it secretes mucus（分泌黏液）out of its skin that hardens to form a protective cocoon（防护膜）around it. Only the mouth 8 （leave） for breathing.
Lungfish is one of the most ancient bony fish 9 （discover）on Earth today. It is very much like the fish that 10 （live）two hundred million years ago. And now lungfish is in Africa，South America and Australia.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
刷概要写作
难度：中 建议用时：20分钟
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Feeding the world’s population is a big challenge，and it is about to get bigger. Right now，a little more than 7.5 billion people share the planet. By 2050，some scientists estimate the world’s population may reach 9 billion. However，the changing climate will probably make feeding this far greater number a very frightening task. That is the conclusion reached by some scientists.
Just three crops—wheat, rice and corn—provide more than two-thirds of the calories that people consume. Such crops, and a small number of other important crops from farming regions sometimes referred to as“breadbaskets”. However, these areas often occupy a relatively small portion (部分) of the globe. Worse still, the breadbaskets are easily affected by bad weather. Events such as widespread flooding or extended heat wave can kill crops. That’s especially true if the bad weather occurs when a crop is young, is fruiting or is approaching harvest.
Unfortunately, big crop failures in two or more breadbaskets could lead to what researchers call a“food hock”. That means an overall shortage of food would occur. Extreme food shocks used to happen every century. Or to put it another way, that’s only about once every four generations of humans. However, according to studies, as the climate warms, high and low temperatures become more extreme, and by 2050, food shocks could occur about once every 30 years. In other words, a person born in the middle of the current century might live through two or three extreme food shocks during their lifetime.
So what can people do to help avoid food shocks Making agriculture efficient is one choice. But one of the most effective ways to fight against food shocks might be to cut down on food waste.“If we could cut food waste in half, ”said Seth Cook, a British environmental scientist,“we could feed an extra billion people.”
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答案解析
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个科学家团队想要利用植物来缓解温室效应。他们发现植物根部的软木脂是碳在土壤中最稳定的形式之一，可以将二氧化碳以软木脂的形式储存在土壤中。该组织的目标是培育能产生更多软木脂的植物，以此来创造一个更加可持续化发展的星球。
1. C 细节理解题。由第四段最后两句…suberin is one of the most stable forms of carbon in the soil. That means once carbon from the atmosphere is made into the ground in the form of suberin，it will remain here.可知，软木脂是土壤中最稳定的碳存在形式之一，大气中的碳一旦转化为软木脂，就可以稳定地储存在土壤中，这对人类有益。故选C项。
2. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句It’s an enormous goal，and even Chory admits it sounds a bit crazy.可知，乔安妮·乔里认为利用软木脂改变耕田的目标很难实现；再根据最后一句 But she also believes that the group’s work is a step towards creating a more sustainable planet.可知，乔里认为这项工作是有意义的。故选D项。
3. B 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍的是科学家希望培育出能产生更多软木脂的植物来吸收大气中过多的二氧化碳，从而对抗气候变化，故B项最适合作本文标题。
4. C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Now，a group of scientists is wondering if they can protect us from climate change as well.可知，全文围绕这一问题展开介绍科学家们的实验，文章的目的就是将该实验的内容和结果告知读者。故选C项。
长难句分析 Researchers in San Diego launched a new initiative to improve the ability of plants to suck carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and store it deep in the soil.
句式分析：本句的主干为 Researchers launched a new initiative；to improve the ability of plants为不定式短语作目的状语；to suck…and store…为不定式短语作 the ability of plants的后置定语。
句意：圣迭戈的研究人员发起了一项新的倡议，旨在提高植物从大气中吸收二氧化碳并将其储存在土壤深处的能力。
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究表明，周末睡眠模式与工作日不同的人可能会因为“社交时差”而导致超重或肥胖的风险增加。
1. D 根据后文 For every hour of“social jet lag”，the risk of being overweight or obese rises by about33%可知，每存在1小时的“社交时差”，超重或肥胖的风险就大约增加了33%。D选项“一项新的研究表明，这种转变与肥胖有关”符合语境。选项中的 obesity与后文中的obese相呼应。故选D项。
2. B 上文 Roenneberg，who created the term，says “social jet lag” is caused by…陈述了伦纳伯格对“社交时差”起因的看法。B选项“他猜测它影响了大约三分之二的人口”是他对“社交时差”影响范围的推测，与上文自然衔接，B项中的代词He与空前的 Roenneberg相呼应。故选B项。
3. C 空前提到你不必起床去上班，可以比工作日晚一两个小时起床，由此推测，所以你也可能会推迟睡觉的时间。空前的 get up an hour or two later和C项中的 You may also put your bedtime of相呼应。故选C项。
4. G 根据后文 Since this almost looks like a travel jet lag situation可知，伦纳伯格认为这种改变睡眠时间安排的做法和改变时区一样。G项中的 changing time zones和下文的 a travel jet lag situation相呼应。故选G项。
5. E 根据后文 at different time和With “social jet lag”可知，本段是在说明旅行时差和“社交时差”之间的区别。故E选项“然而，旅行时差和社交时差的关键区别是阳光”符合上下文语境，故选E项。
长难句分析 Roenneberg，who created the term，says“social jet lag”is caused by the shift in sleep schedule that many people experience on their days off.
句式分析：本句为复合句，句子主干为 Roenneberg says；who created the tern为非限制性定语从句，修饰 Roenneberg；谓语动词says后为省略that宾语从句；宾语从句中 that many people experience on their days off为定语从句，修饰名词shift。
句意：伦纳伯格创造了这个词，他说“社交时差”是由于睡眠时间安排的改变造成的，很多人在休息日的睡眠时间都会发生变化。
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】这是一篇使用夹叙夹议手法写作的记叙文。文章通过尼狄·奥卡拉夫手术后的经历和作者看电影获得音乐创作灵感的经历来说明灵感来源于任何事物，当它来临的时候，你只需要做好准备去接受它。
1. C 根据最后一段第二句 You just have to be ready to catch inspiration when it hits.可知，此处表达“你永远不知道它什么时候可能会来”。strike意为“突然出现（在脑子里）”，符合语境，且 when it might strike与 when it hits相呼应。故 strike正确。
2. B 根据空前的 You never know when it might________可知，此处应指它有时会来自你最意想不到的（unexpected）地方。never know与unexpected相呼应。故选B项。
3. D 此句中的it是指前文提到的“脊柱疾病”，所以此处应指做手术能治疗（treat）该疾病。故选D项。
4. B 根据前一句提到的 operation可知，这里应该是指手术（operation）后她醒过来了。故选B项。
5. A 根据后文中的This ________ woman inspired her and helped her forget her pain.可知，像野兽从阴暗处追赶她的是她的病痛（pain）。故pain正确。
6. A 根据空前一句可知，她想象中的女人会飞，所以说这个女人是有魔力的（magical）。故选A项。
7. D 根据空前的 inspired her and helped her可知，她被激励、被帮助，应是感觉自己在好转，身心更加健康（greater）。故选D项。
8. C 根据第一段中的 You never know when it might ________可知，此处表示我们永远都不知道自己可能会从哪里发现创作的灵感。故never符合语境。
9. A 根据后文的 make music和 the music I’m working on可知，作者会创作音乐，由此可知，作者是一位音乐家（musician）。故选A项。
10. B 与前一句中的 my inspiration相呼应的是idea，此处idea意为想法，“构思”。故 ideas正确。
11. A 根据前一句 But I also find ________ in other things.可知，此处是指新作品的诞生，即书、电影，甚至是日常生活中的某些时刻都能导致（lead to）新的作品产生。故选A项。
12. C 空前的But为表示转折关系的连词，此处前后为转折关系，前句说以前看过这部电影很多次，本句说现在再次看它，应是以一种不同的角度去看，这样才能构成转折关系。故 differently符合语境。
13. B 此处为原词复现。根据空后一句中的 the music I’m working on now is deeply ________ by the movie’s setting and characters可知，此处指作者想创作出和这部电影有一样感觉的音乐。故选B项。
14. C 根据前一句可知，作者决定创作出和这部电影有一样的感觉的音乐，所以作者正在创作的音乐受到了这部电影的很大影响（influenced）。故选C项。
15. D 此处与文章开头的 Inspiration can be a strange thing.相呼应，点明主题：任何事物都能给我们灵感。故 inspire符合语境。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章描述了一种生活在沙漠中的“肺鱼”。它能在没有水的陆地上生活数月，有时甚至数年。
1. ability 空前的is为形容词性物主代词，后面应接名词。故填ability。
2. that/which has为谓语动词，a highly evolved breathing system为宾语，后面的句子对其起修饰作用，即为限制性定语从句。先行词指物，且引导词在定语从句充当主语，故填关系代词that/which。
3. regularly 此处修饰后面的动词短语，应用副词。故填 regularly。
4. astonishing 句意为：令人惊讶的事情是，肺鱼如果长时间待在水里甚至会死亡。空后的is为系动词，前面为主语从句，此处表示“令人惊讶的事情”，应填-ing形式的形容词。故填 astonishing。
5. being put avoid doing sth为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”。同时动词put和逻辑主语it之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式。故填 being put。
6. types type意为“类型”，是可数名词。此处泛指其他类型的鱼，应用复数形式。故填 types。
7. the at the bottom of…为固定搭配，意为“在……的底部”，故填the。
8. is left 句意为：只剩下嘴来呼吸。该空应填谓语动词，leave和主语the mouth之间为被动关系，且本句是在陈述客观事实，所以需用一般现在时的被动语态。the mouth为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填 is left。
9. discovered is为本句的谓语动词，动词 discover与其之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词fish，二者为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填 discovered。
10. lived the fish为介词like的宾语，后面句子起修饰作用，即为限制性定语从句，that指代先行词 the fish，在从句中作主语，设空处在从句中作谓语。根据时间状语 two hundred million years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 lived。
刷概要写作
【写作提示】
1. 写作要点
（1）第一段的中心句，即第一句，指出养活全世界的人口是一项挑战。
（2）第二段中反复出现的crops为本段关键词，另外需注意引号内的词 breadbaskets和在 However及 Worse still后面的句子。
（3）在第三段中，根据第一句可以提炼出关键信息 big crop failures could lead to a “food shock”。同时，However后的内容又对 food shock进行了补充说明，即by 2050，food shocks could occur about once every 30 years。
（4）第四段介绍了避免饥荒的办法，即 making agriculture efficient，to cut down on food waste本文是“总——分”结构，要点1引出全球面临的食物短缺问题，要点2、3指出两个原因；要点4指出解决问题的办法。
2. 提分词句：challenging，Impact，shortage，efficient，which引导非限制性定语从句。
【参考范文】
It is more and more challenging to feed the growing global population.（要点 1）For one thing，many crops are often grown on limited breadbaskets which are easily impacted by bad weather.（要点2）For another，big crop failures could cause an overall shortage of food，called a“food shock”, which could occur more frequently in the future.（要点3）However，food shocks can be prevented by making agriculture efficient and reducing food waste.（要点4）
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