人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land易混易错点辨析学案（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit5 易混易错点辨析
●devote; contribute
【教材原句】
Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to who he has devoted his life. (教材P38)
【辨析】
两者都有“贡献”的意思，但在词义上又有一些不同之处。
devote 意思是“奉献；致力；专心”的意思，常构成以下结构：
①sb. devote some money to sth./doing sth. 捐钱给….捐助……，contribute 也有词用法，但contribute to sth. 中，to 后面一般接名词和代词，很少接动名词。
②Sb. devote oneself/one’s time/one’s energy/one’s life….to sth./doing sth. 奉献于….；致力于….；专心于….
③Sb. be devoted to sth./doing sth. 奉献于….；致力于….；专心于….；专注于（深爱着）…
devoted为形容词，表示“忠实的，忠诚的”。
contribute 意思是“捐献，捐助，捐赠，促进，导致，有助于；投稿”。常构成以下结构：
① contribute some money/something to sth. 向…..捐款/捐物
② contribute to sth. 有助于….；导致….；促进….；向….投稿
温馨提示：devote 没有“促进，导致，有助于”的意思。
【例句呈现】
Our experience suggests investors want to devote more money to making the world better.
我们过往的经验表明，投资者是希望拿出更多的钱，让世界变得更美好的。
He devoted his energies to the reformation of science.
他致力于科学的革新。
Mother Teresa is an elderly nun who has devoted her life to fighting poverty
德肋撒嬷嬷是一位毕生致力于消除贫困事业的年迈修女。
He devoted a good deal of attention to the problem.
他在这个问题上花了相当多的精力。
I could only devote two hours a day to the work.
我一天只能在这个工作上花两个小时。
The final term will be devoted to project work.
最后一学期的时间将全部用于专题研究。
Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways.
移民在许多方面都对英国文化有所贡献。
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world
我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。
The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.
这项研究确实表明吸烟会导致心脏疾病。
The three sons also contribute to the family business
这3个儿子也为家族事业做出了贡献。
I am sure that this meeting will contribute to the reinforcement of peace and security all over the world
我相信这次会议将会促进世界范围内的和平与安全。
The US is contributing $ 4 billion in loans, credits and grants
美国将提供40亿美元的信贷和赠款。
【考点过关】
根据devote和contribute的用法填空
1. This book _______ little to our understanding of the subject.
2. At the same time, the government should pay much more attention to scientific research and _______ more money to scientific research expenditure.
3. We _______ 5 000 to the earthquake fund last week.
4. The original intention was to _______ three months to the project.
5. She ________ a number of articles to the magazine last year.
6. His later years ________ largely to charitable work.
7. So far this _________ to the lack of confidence in the police
8. He's been acting as a ________ husband all day.
9. They thought carelessness _______ to the deaths of up to 20 people
10. They _______ to looking after their children at present.
11. They say gas guzzlers ________ to air pollution now.
12. Yuan Long Ping ________ himself to his career.
13. The report says design faults in both the vessels ________ to the tragedy at that time.
14. He decided to ________ the rest of his life to scientific investigation.
【参考答案】
1. contributes/contributed; 2. devote/contribute; 3. contributed/devoted; 4. devote; 5. contributed; 6. were devoted; 7. has contributed; 8. devoted; 9. contributed/had contributed; 10. are devoted; 11. are contributing; 12. devoted; 13. contributed; 14. devote
●be known as…; be known for…; be known to….
【教材原句】
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. (教材P50)
【辨析】
be known/well-known for…. = be famous for…. 表示“因为…而出名/著名”，后接出名的原因。
be known/well-known as….. = be famous as….. 表示“作为…..而出名/著名”，后面常接表示职业或身份的名词。
be known/well-known to….. = be famous to….. 表示“为…..所知；对…..来说是出名/著名的”，后接人、团体或地域的名词。
【例句呈现】
You want to be known for your work, not your rumor radar.
你应该以你的工作表现而为人熟知，而不是以你的八卦能力。
Kobe has always been known for being an extreme competitor.
科比一直以一种对于胜利近乎偏执的渴求而闻名。
China is known for tea and pandas.
中国因为茶叶和熊猫而为世人所知。
Mary was known as a poet.
玛丽作为诗人而知名。
They retreat along an ancient Native American path that will later be known as Broadway.
他们沿着一条原住民的小道撤退，这条小道便是日后的百老汇大道
Jon Snow, the King in the North, will be known as the White Wolf.
北境之王琼恩 雪诺会被称为“白狼主”。
The news will be known to everybody in the course of time.
过一段时间人人都会知道消息的。
Do you want to be known to many people and admired by them
你追求声誉吗？你希望许多人都知道你赞赏你吗？
He hopes to be known to all peoples.
他希望我为所有人熟知。
The song is known to many young people.
这首歌为许多年轻人熟知。
【考点过关】
根据be known for…..; be known as… 和 be known to….用法填空
1. The policy will be known ______ all the people.
2. The British are known _______ laughing at themselves.
3. Having been working with you for such a long time, my name shall be known _____ each of you.
4. The country is known _______ sending rockets up to space quickly.
5. New York may be known _______ its skyscrapers.
6. Edison was known _______ an inventor in the world.
7. He would be known ________ the game.
8. She wants to be known ________ a movie star.
9. Now it will be known _________ holding the2008 Olympic Games.
10. The people(民族) is always known ________ longstanding traditional service and hospitality.
【参考答案】
1. to; 2. for; 3. to; 4. for; 5. for; 6. as; 7. for; 8. as; 9. for; 10. for
●realize; come true
【教材原句】
Yuan Longping realized that larger fields were not the solution. (教材P50)
【辨析】
两者都有“实现”的意思，但用法有区别。
come true 是系表结构, 无被动语态, 句型结构为：e(s) true，这里的come 为系动词，表示“变成”的意思。
realize vt. 意思是①“实现， 使…..成为现实” ②“认识到，意识到”（通常不用于进行时态）。
【例句呈现】
These predictions will come true if technology continues to develop.
如果科技不断发展，这些预言将会成真。
His dream will come true sooner or later.
他的理想迟早会实现。
Her wish to become a doctor has come true.
她想当医生的愿望实现了。
All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them.
只要有勇气去追求，一切梦想皆可成真。
People think all they need to do is endure one crazy, intense, job-free creative burst and their dreams will come true.
人们认为他们所需要做的事是忍耐一个疯狂，强烈的，无责任的创意突发而他们的梦想将成真。
My dream of getting into Beijing university has come true.
去北京大学读书让我的梦想成真。
The moment I saw her, I realized something was wrong.
我一看到她，就觉得不太对劲。
I don't think you realize how important this is to her.
我认为你没有意识到这对她是多么重要。
The situation was more complicated than they had at first realized.
形势比他们最初意识到的更为复杂。
They managed to leave without any of us realizing.
我们谁也没注意，他们悄悄走了。
Only later did she realize her mistake.
只是到了后来她才意识到自己的错误。
Those are our hopes; we are starting this clinical trial to investigate whether those hopes will be realized.
那些就是我们的希望；我们正在开展这些临床试验以调查那些希望是否可以实现。
Various textile techniques will be explored to realize design possibilities.
将尝试和探索纺织技巧来把这些设计变为现实。
Do you realize the importance of this question
你意识到这个问题的重要性吗
Only then did he realize that he had been wrong.
直到这时他才知道他错了.
【考点过关】
用come true或realize 的适当形式填空
1. The jobless can only hope that such predictions will ______.
2. Every minute you are making all your dreams ______!
3. What dreams would you like to see ________
4. Did Tom’s predictions about the gulf ecosystem _______
5. As soon as we _______ something was wrong, we moved the children away.
6. People don't _______ how serious this recession has actually been.
7. There was a cheer when it ________ that everyone was safely back.
8. She _________ her ambition of becoming a professional singer at last.
9. It takes patience for humans to ______ their dreams
10. It cannot ________ without technological innovation.
【参考答案】
1. come true/be realized; 2. come true/realized; 3. come true/realized; 4. come true; 5. realized; 6. realize; 7. came true/was realized; 8. realized; 9. realize; e true/realize
●debate; argue; discuss; quarrel
【教材原句】
However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plans such ice was a matter of great debate. (教材P50)
【辨析】
四个词都有 “辩论，争论，说理”之意。但各有侧重。
debate 往往侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩, 既可以作名词也可以作动词。
argue 表示提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
discuss 表示就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题，最常用词。
quarrel 表示两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、大声争论某事，重点是“吵嘴、吵架”， 既可以作名词也可以作动词。
【例句呈现】
His comments are bound to add fuel to the debate.
他的话必将为争论推波助澜。
A full-scale debate is under way on what ails the industry.
关于工业为何陷入困境正在展开一场全面的讨论。
The senator argued with the President about the new tax bill.
参议员和新总统为新税法案争辩了。
One could argue that smoking, by its very nature, is addictive.
有人可能认为抽烟从本质上说就具有成瘾性。
They argue that only private capitalists can remake Poland's economy.
他们认为，只有私人资本家才能重振波兰经济。
The Politburo has been meeting in Peking to discuss the situation.
政治局已在北京召开会议讨论形势。
Senior politicians met today to discuss the future of European economic unity.
高级政要今天会晤，探讨欧洲经济一体化的未来。
The magazine's aim is to discuss topical issues within a Christian framework.
该杂志的宗旨是在基督教框架下讨论时下的热门话题。
They could quarrel quite legitimately with some of my choices.
他们大有理由不同意我的一些选择。
The monarchists are a small fringe group who quarrel fiercely among themselves.
君主主义者是一个内部争吵激烈的非主流的小团体。
【考点过关】
翻译下列句子
1. 这个医生论述了治疗癌症的不同方法。
2. 针对他是否能胜任最高职务展开了争论。
3. 这件事可能是在他们为娜奥米争吵的过程中发生的。
4. 有一些人认为真正独立的意见是不存在的。
【参考答案】
1. The doctor discussed different approaches to the treatment of cancer.
2. There is a debate about/over his fitness for the highest office.
3. It could have happened during a quarrel between them about/over Naomi.
4. There are those who argue that true independent advice is unattainable.
●depend on/upon; rely on/upon
【教材原句】
Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. (教材P51)
【辨析】
两者都是“依靠，依赖”的意思，但用法上某些时候有区别。
depend 表示“依靠，依赖，信赖”， 常构成词组depend on/upon，表
示“指望，取决于，由……决定”。在交际用语中，要表示“那得看情况或视情况而定”时，一般只用depend, 不用rely, 即It/ That (all) depends.那得看情况。
rely 常构成词组rely on/upon，表示“取决于，由…决定”。
温馨提示：
①depend on/upon sb./sth. to do sth. = rely on/uopon sb./sth to do sth.
依赖/依靠/指望….做某事
②depend on/upon sb./sth. doing sth. = rely on/upon sb./sth doing sth.
依赖/依靠/指望….做某事
③depend on/upon…. for….= rely on/upon…. for….
依靠….来….
【例句呈现】
We depend on energy to do many things in our daily lives.
在日常生活中，我们做很多事都离不开能源。
If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on ourselves.
如果父母替我们这些孩子做所有的事情，我们就学不会独立。
We depend on him finishing the job this weekend.
我们指望他这个周末能完成工作。
Depend upon it. We shall solve the problem at last.
请相信，我们最终会解决这个问题。
You can depend on Jane - she always keeps her promises.
你可以信赖简，她总是信守诺言。
The future of space research depends on how much money we have.
太空研究的未来取决于我们的经济实力。
The journey takes about two hours, depending on traffic.
旅途大约需要两小时，这取决于交通状况
-- How long are you staying 你会待多久
-- I don't now. It depends. 我不知道，那得看情况，
I rely on you for good advice.
我靠你来给我好建议。
The wise will not rely on medicine for keeping their health.
明智的人不依赖药物来保持健康。
These days, we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排工作。
You may rely on him coming on time.
你放心，他肯定会按时来的。
【考点过关】
用depend或rely 填空
1. -- What are you going to do this weekend
-- It ______. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends.
2. Don't always ask others to help you. You should learn to _______ on yourself
3. All living things ________ on the sun for their growth.
4. Did you still ________ on your parents
5. Everything _______ on the weather tomorrow.
6. Children _______ on their parents for food and clothing.
7. It all _____ on whether she likes the boss or not.
8. His success ______ chiefly on himself．
9. Whether the game will be played ______ on the weather．
10. The development of things ______ fundamentally on internal causes．
11. He can _______ on my support when the crunch comes
12. It would be rash to ________ on such evidence
13. Both methods ______ on the accurate determination of the pressure of the gas.
14. You can't ______ on any figures you get from them.
15. Lions ______ on stealth when hunting.
16. Can I _______ on your support in the election
17. You can _________ on him to respond to a challenge.
18. Many animals ________ on concealment for protection.
19. This is confidential, but I know that I can ________ on your discretion.
20. Can I _______ on you to keep this secret
【参考答案】
1. depends; 2. depend/rely; 3. depend/rely; 4. depend/rely; 5. depends/relies; 6. depend/rely; 7. depends/relies; 8. depends/relies; 9. depends/relies;10. depends/relies; 11. rely/depend; 12. rely/depend; 13. rely/depend; 14. rely/depend; 15. rely/depend; 16. rely/depend; 17. rely/depend; 18. rely/depend; 19. rely/depend; 20. rely/depend
●damage, destroy, ruin
【教材原句】
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. (教材P55)
The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health. (教材P55)
【辨析】
三者都有“破坏；损坏”的意思，但有一定区别。
destroy 常指“毁灭性地破坏，摧毁；消灭；毁灭” 具体的事物或抽象的事物，程度极其严重，无法修复。另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽指打破(希望, 计划等)。
ruin泛指一般性的破坏，多用于借喻之中，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。使破产，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用 ruin，可做动词和名词。常构成以下机构：
bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败; 使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
go/come/ fall to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
ruin oneself毁掉自己
in ruins成为废墟，遭到严重破坏
damage意为“损坏、破坏”。常表示损坏或破坏具体的事物，也可以指损坏抽象的东西，含有损坏后价值或效益降低的意味，破坏或损坏程度不太严重，以修复再用，还可用作可数或不可数名词，常构成以下结构：
do damage to….. 损害…., 破坏….
cause damage to…..损害…., 破坏…..
【例句呈现】
Smoking will damage your health.
抽烟会损害你的健康。
The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city．
这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。
What they said and did damage the relations between the two countries．
他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。
The Nazi wanted to destroy/ruined people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people．
纳粹想摧毁人民的希望，最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。
The earthquake destroyed the village，so the local government decided to select another place to build a new one .
地震彻底摧毁了这个村庄, 因此当地政府决定选另一个地方建设一个新村子。
The heavy sandstorm destroyed/ruined their plan to seek for water in the desert.
一场非同一般的沙尘暴破坏了他们去沙漠里找水的计划。
All my hopes were destroyed/ruined by his letter of refusal.
他回信拒绝，使我的希望完全破灭。
My new coat is ruined．
我的外套不能再穿了。
The storm ruined the crops.
暴风雨毁坏了庄稼
She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
【考点过关】
用destroy, damage和ruin的适当形式填空
1. The terrible hurricane ________ the whole town completely last week.
2. He _______ his future by carelessness.
3. The fire _______ all my books.
4. He knocked over a bottle of ink and ______ the table cloth.
5. The whole city was in ________ after the earthquake.
6. Badly ______ in the accident, but the car can be repaired and reused.
7. The heavy rain _______ all hope of a picnic.
8. The fire _______ the building, and the government had to rebuild it.
9. These young people _______ themselves due to not listening to advice.
10. The flood caused ________ to the country.
【参考答案】
1. destroyed; 2. ruined/destroyed; 3. destroyed; 4. ruined; 5. ruins; 6. damaged; 7. destroyed/ruined; 8. destroyed; 9. ruined; 10. damage
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