人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 公开课课件(共48张PPT)

(共48张PPT)
Reading and Thinking
【版本：新人教　册别：选择性必修二】
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
目录页
contents
Pre-reading
Ⅰ
Language Points
Ⅴ
While-reading
Ⅱ
Homework
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Post-reading
Ⅰ
Pre-reading
Covid-19: Battling the devil
Pre-reading: Lead-in
What other infectious diseases do you know
Pre-reading: Lead-in
Ⅱ
While-reading
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
While-reading
Skim the first two paragraphs, and answer the following questions.
While-reading
1. Who is John Snow
2. Why is it called the “King Cholera”
3. How did the cholera spread
It used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world.
It causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.
Millions of people died from it.
He is a famous doctor who defeats the cholera and he attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.
Who
What
While-reading
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
Find a problem
In the early
19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.
Ask a question
How did the cholera spread
Two contradictory theories:
Bad air caused the disease.
Cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
Which one do you believe more
While-reading
Read Paragraph 3 and find out which theory is true
Find out the supporting evidence.
Two contradictory theories:
Bad air caused the disease.
Cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
While-reading
Evidence 1
Observe and mark on the exact places where all those who died had lived.
While-reading: Think of a method
Evidence 1
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in then days.
While-reading: Collect data
Evidence 1
There were multiple deaths near the water pump.
Some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.
pub
pump
Broad Street
Cambridge Street
While-reading: Collect data
In another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
Evidence 2
While-reading: Collect data
Can you make sure that the water pump was to blame
While-reading
Read Paragraph 4, 5 and check your assumptions. Then answer the following questions.
1. How to make sure that water was to blame
2. What other evidence did John Snow find to support the results
After removing the handle of the pump, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
The water from Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Some companies sold water that was polluted by raw waste.
While-reading
Read Paragraph 3, 4, 5 and check your assumptions. Then answer the following questions.
In his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
3. Why is John Snow considered as the father of modern epidemiology
While-reading
Read the passage again and discuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in
collect data
think of a method
analyse the results
ask a question
draw a conclusion
find a problem
find supporting evidence
1
4
2
6
7
3
5
While-reading
The structure of this passage
problem (Para 1)
theories (Para 2)
process (Para 3)
conclusion (Para 4)
solution (Para 5)
While-reading
Post-reading
Ⅲ
Discuss in groups the following questions:
How has John Snow’s work affected our daily lives
Do you think John Snow is a great scientist Give some reasons.
Post-reading
Scientific inquiry starts with observation. The more one can see, the more one can investigate. — Martin Chalfie
Post-reading
We don’t regard any scientific theory as the absolute truth.
— Kenneth R. Miller
Post-reading
Language Points
Ⅳ
1 one of the most feared diseases
2 become frustrated
3 attend to sb
4 lose desire to do sth
5 once and for all
6 in general
7 two contradictory theories
Language Points: Important phrases (P2)
最可怕的疾病之一
变得沮丧
照顾某人
失去做某事的欲望
一劳永逸
一般说来
两种截然不同的看法
8 an infection from germs in food or water
9 subscribe to the second theory
10 in two particular streets
11 be determined to find out why
12 begin by marking the exact places
13 multiple deaths near the water pump
Language Points: Important phrases (P2)
食物或水中细菌的感染
赞同第二种看法
在两条特别的街道上
下决心找出原因
从标记确切的位置开始
水泵附近多人死亡
14 suspect that the water pump is to blame
15 what’s more / moreover
16 have it delivered to her house
17 as a result of the evidence
18 have the handle removed
19 raw waste
Language Points: Important phrases (P2 ~ P3)
怀疑是水泵造成的
而且
让人把它送到她家
由于这个证据
拆掉把手
未经处理的废弃物
1. Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. (Para 1, Line 1)
2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. (Para 2, Line 5)
3. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. (Para 3, Line 10-11)
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
4. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (Para 3, Line 14)
5. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. (Para 3, Line 16)
6. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. (Para 4, Line 4)
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
1. Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (Para 1, Line 1)
until 引导 ____________ 从句， how 引导 _______ 从句。
时间状语
宾语
I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.
I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.
until 表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句；not … until 表示“直到……才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Summary
He didn’t go to bed until he completed his homework. (对画线部分进行强调)
not until 用于强调句型中
→ It wasn’t until he completed his homework that he went to bed.
not … until … 结构用于强调句中，如果想要强调until后面的部分，不仅需要把until部分提前，还要把not一起提前。即：It wasn’t until … that ＋ 句子的其余部分。
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Summary
It wasn’t until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (强调句)
Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed
not until 用于一般疑问句型中
强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is / Was it ＋ 被强调部分＋ that ＋句子的其余部分。
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Summary
not until 用于倒装结构
1. The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
→ Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.
2. The sports meet will not be held until next week.
→ ______ ______ next week _____ the sports meet be held.
Not until
will
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
1. 直到比赛开始他才来到。
He ____________________ the game had begun.
2. 如果很多人都说一部电影不好，我不会去看，或者我会一直等到DVD版出来才看。
If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I will _____________________________.
3. 直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。(倒装)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
wait until it comes out on DVD
didn’t arrive until
Not until John went to college did he realize the importance of time.
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
即学即练
2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。(Para 2, Line 5)
4. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 (Para 3, Line 14)
so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Summary
1. It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home.
2. The question is so difficult that we can not work it out.
3. It is so busy a day that we don’t go swimming.
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Observe and Find
主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句
主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
4. I have made so many mistakes that I must stay at home to reflect on them.
5. What a pity! We have got so little money that we can not eat at restaurants.
6. The shirt cost so much that I did not want to take it.
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Observe and Find
主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句
so ... that 用于倒装结构
这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖。
→ The speaker was so nervous that his legs were trembling.
→ So nervous was the speaker that his legs were trembling.
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
即学即练
suspect vt 怀疑, 认为是；n 嫌疑犯
suspicion n 怀疑
suspicious adj 感觉怀疑的
3. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 (Para 3, Line 8)
suspect sb / sth (= doubt) 怀疑某人 / 某事
suspect sb of sth / doing sth 怀疑某人（做某事）
suspect sb to be 怀疑某人是
be suspicious of 怀疑
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
You can complain, but I doubt if it’ll make any difference.
doubt vt
to think that something may not be true or that it is unlikely 怀疑；不确信
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Observe and Find
What made you suspect her of having taken the money
suspect vt
to think that something is probably true, especially something bad
猜想；怀疑；觉得
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Observe and Find
这项工程开始就不顺利，我们怀疑能否继续进行。
The project began badly and we doubt of its further progress.
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
即学即练
翻译句子：
4. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。(Para 3, Line 16)
so that 是从属连词，在此用来引导 _____________ 从句。意义为“_______________”， 可用 _____________ 从句来替换。这种从句的谓语动词一般要和情态动词________________________ 等连用。
目的状语
为了；以便
in order that
can / could / may / might
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
so that 引导结果状语从句时， 意义为“结果是……”， “以至于……”，一般不与情态动词连用，有时可用逗号与主句隔开，有时则不用。这种从句可用 so … that … 从句来转换。
It rained hard yesterday so that we had to stay at home.
= It rained so hard that we had to stay at home yesterday.
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Compare and Find
6. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。(Para 4, Line 4)
more than 结构可以由 far, much, a little, slightly, hardly, nothing, no 等词修饰，一般置于 more than 结构前。
Language Points: Important sentences (P2 ~ P3)
Observe and Find
(1) This little man was hardly more than 1.5m fifty tall.
(2) She could have thought of nothing more likely to please her brother than this praise of Maggie.
Homework
Ⅴ
1. Draw a mind map about how John Snow defeated the “King Cholera”.
2. Complete the exercises on P4 & P5.
Homework