外研版（2019） 必修 第三册 Unit 2 Making a differenceLanguage points(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
1. Freshwater shortage
shortage n. a situation in which there is not enough of something that people need 短缺，不足，常与of连用
freshwater shortage = shortage of freshwater
eg The long hot summer has led to serious water shortages.
-age （suffix后缀）构成名词，表示处于某种状态或结果。 eg breakage 破损 marriage 婚姻，结婚
postage 邮资，邮费
2. Globally, renewable internal freshwater resource per capita was around 6,000 m3 in 2014.
renewable adj. (of energy or its source) not depleted when
used; capable of being renewed 可再生的，可更新的
re- (prefix前缀) 可加在动词、名词、形容词和副词前面，表示“再，又；回，回来”
eg recycle （回收利用） review（复习） reunion（团圆，重聚）restart（重新开始）reconstruction（重建）
return（回来，返回） recall（回忆，召回）retract（缩
回，取回）
3. Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.
effective adj. successful, and working in the way that was intended 有效的; 产生预期效果的
eg The new rules will become effective in the next few days.
-ive (suffix), 构成名词或形容词，表示“…… 倾向的；……性质的”
eg descriptive 描述的 creative 创造性的 active 积极的
explosive 炸药 relative 血亲，亲戚
effect n. 效果，作用，影响，结果，常与介词on/ upon搭配
to no effect 无效的，没有作用
come into effect 生效，开始实施
side effect 副作用
in effect 实际上，事实上
cause and effect 因果
take effect 生效，起作用
effect 短语
effect vt. 使发生，实现，引起
eg We have tried our best to effect a reconciliation(和解) between the two parties.
【语境应用】翻译句子。
积累词汇的有效方法之一是读好书。
2) 过去的六个月中实际上是他的妻子在执政。
3) 我们告诫过他们，但没起任何作用。
His wife has, in effect, run the government for the past six months.
We warned them, but to no effect.
One of the effective ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.
4. As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.
the words spoken by his teacher: the words which were spoken by his teacher
spoken by his teacher是一个过去分词短语修饰the words，用来补充信息，words和speak的动作构成被动关系。
that引导同位语从句对名词words作解释说明。
(1) that引导的同位语从句多位于idea, fact, evidence, hope,
belief, wish, doubt, news, advice, suggestion, promise
等表示抽象意义的名词之后，用于解释说明这些名词
的具体内容。
(2) 引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that, whether, 连接副词
how, when, where等 (if, which不能引导同位语从句)。
that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分，且不
能省略。
have trouble (in) doing sth: 做某事有困难
have no trouble (in) doing sth: 做某事没困难
eg We had no trouble finding the address.
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
在分词作定语的用法中，现在分词常常表示动作“未完成或正在进行”；过去分词可以表示动作“已经完成”。
eg the boiling water 正在煮沸的水
the boiled water 开水
the falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶
the fallen leaves 落叶
回译：
年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话— 在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够的干净的水。
As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.
5. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close - only ten steps away.
drinking fountain: a piece of equipment in a public place that produces a stream of water for you to drink from 饮用水喷水池
v.-ing can be used to tell the use of the modified noun.
a washing machine
a walking stick
a swimming pool
一台洗衣机
一根拐杖
一个游泳池
look across: look from one side to the other
从一边看到另一边
eg After helping clean the window, he looked across the
room to see if there was anything else he could do.
词条 意思及用法 例句
look across 强调从一边看到另一边 He went in and looked across the room carefully.
look over 强调迅速地检查 He looked over the proposal (提案) before the meeting.
look through 可以表示翻查、翻找，也可以表示(假装)没有注意到 She looked through me. (她假装没有看到我。)
look across, look over, look through
6. At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well
somewhere in Africa.
动词不定式to earn money作表语，其后的不定式短语to
build a single… 作目的状语。
(1) 表示目的
eg The next step is to make sure that you know exactly
what is required.
(2) 表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果，不幸的命运或语言。
eg He was to perish(死亡) in a shipwreck and to leave a wife and two children.
(3) 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见。
eg What am I to say if they ask me the question
(4) 表示同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止
eg They are to marry next week.
注意：
如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词（短语），或是what引导的名词性从句，那么不定式作表语一般对主语起到一种补充说明的作用。
earn: to receive a particular amount of money for the work that someone does 挣(钱)
eg He earns nearly ￡20,000 a year.
他每年挣约 20,000 英镑。
earn a fortune 挣大钱
earn one’s own living 自食其力
earn/make a living by/ from 靠……谋生
earn短语
earn a reputation 赢得声誉
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) He did all sorts of jobs to _____________.
他为谋生什么活都干。
2) Chris will pay – he’s _______________.
Chris会付的，他在挣大钱。
3) The company has ________________ for reliability.
公司已赢得可靠的声誉。
earn a living
earning a fortune
earned a reputation
earn, gain, win与get
词条 用法 例句
earn 指经过艰苦努力所得到的回报，意为“赚得；获得” The professor earns his living by teaching at a language school.
gain 指做出很大努力而“获得”，宾语多为经验、优势、好处等，也可指增加信心、力量、体重等 The boys are excited about gaining the victory in the football match.
win 意为“赢得”，含有取胜一方具有优越条件并且能克服障碍之意 We win the football match in the end.
get 是普通词，指不一定需要努力就能“得到” She opened the door wider to get a better look.
【语境应用】用earn, gain, win与get的适当形式填空。
1) She ________ the respect of her students.
2) I _________ a lot of birthday presents at my birthday
party.
3) Everyone was able to _________ valuable experience
over that year.
4) Who do you think will _________ the first place
earned
got
gain
win
回译：
起初，他的计划是赚钱在非洲某个地方打一口井。
At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.
7. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave
the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost
$2000 to build a well.
该句是一个主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句，that引
导的是宾语从句。
that引导的宾语从句
(1) that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略，但如果有两个以上
的宾语从句并列出现时，第二个及第二个之后的宾语从
句中的that一般不能省略。
eg He promised (that) he would visit me and that he
would try his best to help me.
(2) 有时可用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放到句子后面去。
eg I feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have
to toil so endlessly.
回译：
他很快就达成了他的第一个目标：（攒够）70美元。但当他把这笔钱捐给一家慈善机构时，他被告知打一口井实际上要花费2000美元。
He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave
the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost $2000 to build a well.
8. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.
turn out: to go somewhere to be present at an event or take part in an activity 出席；参加
eg Crowds of people turned out to watch the charity performance.
turn out (to be)+adj: to have a result especially one that you did not expect 最后结果是/最终成为…
eg It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out to be all right.
含turn的短语
turn on 打开
turn in 上交; 告发
turn out 结果是; 生产; 制造; 赶走
turn off 关掉
turn down 关小; 拒绝
turn to 转向; 求助于
turn over 翻转；移交
turn facts upside down 颠倒是非
turn for the better 好转
【语境应用】用turn短语的适当形式填空
1) Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ________ sooner or later.
2) I don’t know who to _________.
3) I’m turning the project _________ to you.
4) The factory _________ 300 units a day.
5) Jake __________ his computer and checked his mail.
6) They’ve turned the gas ________ for a couple of hours.
turn up
turn to
turns out
turned on
off
over
9. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile.
make a difference: have an important effect / influence on… 有作用；有影响
eg It would make a lot of difference if you came.
break into a smile / a song / applause etc: to suddenly start smiling, singing etc 突然……起来
eg Her face broke into a smile.
The audience broke into loud applause.
make some /no /little difference (to……)
(对……)有/没有/几乎没有作用或影响
tell the difference between
区分/辨别……之间的差异
there is no difference 没有区别
there is a world of difference 区别很大
spot the difference 看到区别
with a difference 引人注目, 与众不同
difference短语
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 说到保护环境, 每个人的贡献都有作用。
When it comes to protection the environment, ___________________________________________.
2) 我们上午还是下午见面对我没什么影响。
Whether we meet in the morning or afternoon ________________________.
everyone’s contribution makes a difference
makes no difference to me
8. Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.
set up: to start a company, organization or committee… 建立
eg A panel (专家咨询组) needs to be set up to investigate the issue.
set
短语
set aside 留出
set down 放下；写下
set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引发
set about 着手，开始
set out 启程；动身
【语境应用】用set短语的正确形式填空。
1) We ________ discussing when and how we should finish the task.
2) Any movement could have _______ the bomb.
3) Try to ________ some time each day for exercise.
4) The band are _________ on a European tour in March.
5) She plans to _______ her own business.
set up
set off
set about
set aside
setting out
found与set up
词条 用法 例句
found 除了表示建立或创建组织、机构等外，还可表示为建造的事情打下“基础” The British parliamentary system is founded on debate and opposition.
set up 主要用于建立组织、机构、公司、学校等 Eton College was set up by Henry VI in 1440.
9. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water.
benefit from: to get an advantage of…/ get help in…
得益于；从……受益
eg Many thousands have benefited from the new treatment.
benefit n. 好处，益处
have the benefit of 有……的好处
for sb’s benefit 为了某人的益处，帮助某人
be of benefit to ... 对……有好处
beneficial adj. 有益的，有好处的
【语境应用】 根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 众所周知，运动有益于我们的健康。
As we all know, exercise ________ ________ ________.
2) 我们得益于每天做操。
We ________ ________ daily exercises.
3) 她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处。
Because of illness, she didn't ________ ________ ________
________ her stay abroad.
benefits our health
benefit from / by
get much benefit
from
life-changing adj. 能改变人的一生的
像这种由名词和动词分词构成的合成形容词在英语中比较常见，如：
English-speaking, life-threatening 危及生命的;
troublemaking 捣乱的;
heartbreaking 令人心碎的
思考：heartbreaking 和heartbroken的区别。
heartbreaking adj. 使人心碎的，主语可是人或事物
heartbroken adj. 心碎的，主语一般是人
Fill in the blanks with the right form of the word in the bracket or a proper word.
1. The law will be __________(effect) from the 1st of April.
2. Ryan did a lot to help people in Africa get clean ________ (drink) water.
3. Having a good teacher makes a ________ (different) to a student.
effective
drinking
difference
4. His hard work and great efforts make his dream _____ reality.
5. They ________ (set) up 1,000 shelters for homeless children so far. Thousands of children benefited _______ the project.
6. Every years, many young men in the countryside left their hometown _______ (earn) money in big cities.
7. We were excited at the news _______ our team won the first in the Olympic Games.
8. He has trouble _______ (walk) to the park, for he hurt himself yesterday.
a
have set
from
to earn
that
walking