人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第二册 Unit1Science and Scientists 单元达标测评（有答案解析）

Unit1 单元达标测评
一、阅读理解
第一节
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D. C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner choice Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World
6 First Prizes: The book Shy Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners who will each receive a t-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
●Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
●Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
●On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name address, telephone number, and birth date .
●Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip.
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Six.
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get
A. A plane ticket.
B. a book by Corinne Szabo.
C. A special T-shirt.
D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification
A. Typing your poem out.
B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
C. Using both sides of the paper.
D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
B
Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape：eat right food，get enough sleep，and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”. Don’t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein，like meat，fish，eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However，don’t overeat not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep，you will feel tired and easily get angry. You will have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality. Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do，your body will feel strong and refreshed（恢复精神的），and your mind will be sharp（敏锐的）.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise makes the bod strong, and prevents you from putting on weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your lifespan(寿命). Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shape: basketball, swimming, bicycling running and so on. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
4. In order to keep good health_______.
A. we should eat a lot of sweets
B. one needs a large amount of fat
C. people should eat according to food nutrition
D. we must try to sleep now and then
5. Eating more and sleeping less________.
A. can keep healthy
B. are not good for you
C. get you more energy
D. will keep your personality
6. The title of the article should be “ ________”.
A. Eating and Exercising
B. How Vitamins Work in Man’s body
C. How to Stay Health
D. How to Sleep Well
7. The passage is probably taken from _________.
A. an advertisement
B. a travel journal
C. an English dictionary
D. a magazine
C
Constantin Levaditi was born in Galati. Romania in 1874.His family was poor and his father was a Greek immigrant who worked in the Galati port and his mother was Romanian. When he was only six years old he had to start working in a shop as both of his parents fell ill. His job was to deliver orders from his s shop.
After two years his parents died and he was taken care by one of his relatives who worked as a nurse in a hospital. His relative noticed that he was very smart and sent him to school After graduating from high school，he decided to study at the medical school in Bucharest where he studied under Professor Victor Babes.
Levaditi became a doctor in 1902 and then he specialized in researching tuberculosis（结核病）in Paris at the Louis Pasteur Institute and to Frankfurt，at the Experimental Therapy Institute. He also managed to contribute to the invention of the anti-polio vaccine（小儿麻痹症疫苗）in1913.
Levaditi returned to Romania in 1919 as a researcher teach at university but Romanian universities did not accept him as he criticized Romania’s national health system and its political parties. He often said that it was not acceptable that the government did not care for its people and that there were not enough doctors and hospitals. Thus，he returned to France to continue his research in 1920.That same year he was invited to lead the Rockefeller institute in New york but he refused.
In 1926 Levaditi became a member of the Romanian Academy. Later on，he was in charge of the Bacteriology（细菌学）French School and he devoted his last years to research on antibiotics（抗生素）and other medicines。
8.What do the first two paragraphs tell us about Levaditi？
A. He was born into a wealthy family
B. He lost his parents at an early age
C. He went to school thanks to his teachers
D. He met with Victor Babes at high school
9.What was one reason why Levaditi returned to France in1920。
A. His dissatisfaction with the health system in Romania.
B. The conflict between universities and political parties.
C. The invitation of the Rockefeller Institute.
D. The lack of doctors and hospitals in France.
10. Which of the following events about Levaditi happened first
A. He became a member of the Romanian Academy.
B. He was in charge of the Bacteriology French School.
C. He did a careful study of tuberculosis in Paris.
D. He devoted himself to the invention of anti-polio vaccine.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. The influence of Levadit.
B. a brief introduction of Levaditi.
C. The development of bacteriology.
D. The research on antibiotics.
D
The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed breakers（减速带）on major highways and roads，in order to check speeding and careless driving and finally make its deadly roads a little safer. “We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers，”India’s Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.
The optical illusions（视觉错觉）are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier，India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways，which are considered to be a safety hazard for high-speed vehicles India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organization, over200，000 people are killed by road accidents.
The use of optical illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3 D crossings. In India cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai experimented with 3D zebra crossings in 2016. In Ahmedabad for instance a mother and her daughter, both artists, have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of 2016. The artists say their motto is “to increase the attention of drivers”, and that the concept has been successfully tested in accident-prone zones on a highway.
However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers are visual illusions, they might ignore them Others also point out that India’s decision does not consider the safety of a large number of pedestrians(行人). In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.
12. Why are 3D paintings used on main highways and roads
A. To make the surroundings more beautiful.
B. To attract the attention of tourists.
C. To reduce the rate of traffic accidents.
D. To show the advanced technology.
13. Which of the following words is closest to the meaning of hazard in Paragraph 2
A. Reminder
B. Threat
C. Regulation
D. Theory
14. What can we learn from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A. Philadelphia, the USA is the second place to use virtual speed breakers in the world.
B. The idea tested in Ahmedabad recently has been a failure.
C. The new policy of 3D zebra crossings must be carried out smoothly.
D. The use of optical illusions as speed breakers is controversial In India.
15. What do we know about 3D zebra crossings from the passage
A. They can vastly lower the death rate in India.
B. They have been widely used in India so far.
C. They are designed to increase drivers’ attention.
D. They are welcomed by both drivers and pedestrians.
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Although most games have winners and losers，the goal of sports is not to win every game. The real goals include getting exercise，having fun，and learning important social skills, like sportsmanship（运动员精神）
16.________Good sports respect the other players on their teams. They respect the players on opposing teams. They respect coaches，and they also respect the referees or other officials involved in their games. On the contrary，bad sportsmanship is all about disrespect.17.________
18._________Players’ parents and coaches set examples that kids tend to follow. If parents and coaches show disrespect to other fans，referees，or each other，kids will likely act the same way on the field.
Good sportsmanship can be shown in many ways. Some of them are very basic and easy to do，like shaking hands with other players before a game.19.________For example acknowledging a great play made by the opposing team.
Learning good sportsmanship is important because it helps you develop an attitude of graciousness（礼貌）and respect that will carry over into all the other areas of your life！If you are a good sport on the field，you will also likely be a good sport in the classroom. Being a good sport in the classroom will eventually lead to being a good sport in the workplace.
20.________Not just in the sports game you play. The example you set can be a powerful teaching tool for others When others see you acting in a way that makes it clear that winning isn’t the most important thing, you can move on to focusing on the important things, like having fun, getting exercise and improving your skills.
A. So be a good sport in whatever you do.
B. Kids usually learn sportsmanship--good and bad-from the adults in their lives.
C. Good sportsmanship is all about respect.
D. They yell at their teammates and they talk back to coaches or referees.
E. We can be a good sport by encouraging others but not laughing at them.
F. Starting as a good sport earlier will help you be a good sport as you get old.
G. Others may take a little more courage
二、完形填空
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When you first hear the words “lung cancer”，you will think that，s the end of the world. Camille，a 53-year-old mother of two teens is not 21 But fortunately，science is progressing rapidly，and a series of tests help to 22 that the right medicine reaches the right patient at the right time. Many people，like Camille，are 23 from cancer diagnostic（诊断的）tests.
With proper 24 and medical care，Camille is now able to keep her daily 25 while she is treated for her disease. She gets a CT scan every three months to 26 any changes Now she’s swimming a quarter of a mile twice a week and she can 27 with her kids’ study. She said， “There are some things that I know I should take slowly，but 28，it’s most back to 29 for us. I couldn’t even 30 when I was first diagnosed. However，I became very 31.”
As part of that gratitude， 32 has H important to Camille since her diagnosis
“I’ve always been the caretaker and the volunteer，but people have helped me，particularly in the last couple of months，so I really want to 33 that back，”she said. “I want to help people who are in the same 34 as I was would tell them there’re a lot of 35 out there and that it’s not hopeless.”
21. A. asleep B. alone C. lonely D. common
22. A. make sense B. make up C. make sure D. make out
23. A. benefiting B. escaping C. travelling D. deserving
24. A. relaxation B. protection C. entertainment D. treatment
25. A. programme B. process C. routine D. service
26. A. manage B. monitor C. follow D. record
27. A. help B. accompany C. greet D. save
28. A. besides B. moreover C. otherwise D. instead
29. A. surprise B. nature C. special D. normal
30. A. stand B. remember C. realise D. lie
31. A. pitiful B. grateful C. cautious D. impatient
32. A. struggling B. engineering C. volunteering D. pioneering
33. A. take B. look C. return D. give
34. A. situation B. occupation C. relationship D. system
35. A. opinions B. options C. difficulties D. decisions
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe（探测器）-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—36._______(touch）down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is37.________（extreme）challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 38.________it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 39.________interesting scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so40.________the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 41.________(find）and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says， “because it 42.________（mean）we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 43._________(construct）.”Data about the moons composition，such as how ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether 45.________（it）plans for a future lunar（月球的）base are practical.
三、写作
第一节
[2020·全国卷I]你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以 “身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.人物简介；
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.短文题目和首句已为你写好。
The Person I Respect
We have a lot of respectable people around us________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last weekend, I went to Mark’s new house nearby a forest for a little get-together. After lunch when I was chatting with him and his wife Cody, he asked me, “Hey Tom, have you ever been to a secret spot ” Before I could even finish saying no Cody and Mark were already at the door with their jackets on. And the next moment we were heading out into the forest with a camera, a fishing net and a plastic bucket(桶).We walked through the forest along a path by a small river breathing the fresh air, we three talked and laughed all the way.
“Hey! What are you guys doing ” Someone suddenly shouted from behind. Mark’s and Cody’s eyes immediately widened, and without a word they started running. I had no choice but to follow them, getting my shoes wet and dirty with mud. We probably ran for about 10 minutes before Mark and Cody slowed down. I stopped to catch my breath and asked,” Who was that ”
Mark replied, “The most annoying neighbour ever. If he caught up with us, there’s no telling what could happen. He is always making fun of us. I dislike him.” We kept walking on for a few more minutes. Then a beautiful lake appeared before our eyes. “Wow! Amazing “I shouted and could hardly hold back my excitement. The lake was large and the water was deep and blue, looking so peaceful with tall trees around it.
注意:
(1) 续写词数应为150左右；
(2) 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1
Looking around, we saw a rubber boat floating by the ore.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
“Help! Help! Help!” I was so frightened and cried for.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
第一部分阅读
第一节
[语篇导读]本文是一则参赛须知，就比赛宗旨、奖项设置和参赛规则给出了相关信息。
1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据 Prizes部分的3 Grand prizes中的“for each of three winners，a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice”可知，对特等奖获得者来说，他/她可以带自己父母中的个人且可自选另一个人参加这次的免费旅行。
2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据 Prizes部分的50 Honorable Mentions中的内容可知，评委选出的50名荣誉奖获得者每人会获得一件T恤衫。
3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据 Rules部分的第一条规则可知，参赛作品的字数不得超过100词，所以B项中提到的“一首120词的诗作”是违规的。
B
【语篇导读】本文介绍了关于保持健康的三要素：合理的饮食、充足的睡眠和规律的锻炼。
4.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，适当的营养对于健康是极为重要的。
5.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段可知，健康的食物富含蛋白质、矿物质等，但不能吃得过量；而且睡眠要充足，否则容易疲惫和发怒。
6.C【解析】标题归纳题。本文讲的是保持健康的三要素：合理的饮食、充足的睡眠和规律的锻炼。
7.D【解析】文章出处题。根据文章的内容和文体，本文很可能是出自某本杂志。
C
【语篇导读】本文介绍了法国罗马尼亚裔医生康斯坦丁·莱瓦迪提为了医学研究而奋斗终生的故事。
8.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When he was only six years old he had to start working in a shop as both of his parents fell l.”和第二段中的“After two years his parents died”可知，在他八岁的时候他的父母去世了，因此选B。
9.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“…，he criticized Romanias national health system and its political parties. He often said that it was not acceptable that the government did not care for its people and that there were not enough doctors and hospital.”可知，他返回法国的原因是“他对罗马尼亚的医疗体系不满意”，因此选A。
10.C【解析】细节理解题。A项（他成为罗马尼亚学院的成员）是在1926年；根据最后一段中的提示词 later on可知B项（他负责法国细菌学研究院）是在成为罗马尼亚学院的成员之后；C项（他在巴黎对结核病进行细致研究）是在1902年；D项（他致力于小儿麻痹症疫苗的发明）是在1913年。由此可知C项所述事件是最早发生的，因此选C。
11.B【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文是关于康斯坦丁·莱瓦迪提的生平简介，因此选B。
D
[语篇导读]为了减少道路交通事故和提高道路的安全性，印度计划启用3D斑马线和减速带。但这一做法也引起了争议。
12.C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“in order to check speeding and careless driving，and finally make its deadly roads a little safer”可知，在路上使用3D绘画就是为了减少道路交通事故，提高道路的安全性。故选C项。
13.B【解析】词义猜测题。画线词所在句是关系代词 which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代上文提到的 all speed breakers，而它们已从公路上移除，也就是说，它们被视为高速行驶车辆的一大威胁。由此可推测，hazard的意思是“危险；隐患”，与 threat意思相近。故选B项。
14.D【解析】推理判断题。前三段讲述的是这一新举措的好处，而第四段笔锋一转，介绍了反对者的声音：一旦司机知道了这些3D减速带是视觉错觉，他们会无视它们。还有人认为这一新举措没有考虑行人的安全。由此可推测，这一举措是有争议的（controversial）。故选D项。
15.C【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中的“to increase the attention of drivers”可知，3D斑马线是为了提高司机的注意力。故选C项。
第二节
[语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。运动的目标不是赢得每一场比赛，真正的目标包括得到锻炼、享受快乐、学习重要的社交技能。
16.C【解析】本段内容是关于体育精神中尊重他人这个方面的，故C项适合作本段的主题句。
17.D【解析】空前提到 bad sportsmanship is all about disrespect，D项是关于不尊重他人的例子，符合语境。
18.B【解析】本段的主题是孩子们往往模仿成年人，B项谈到孩子们通常会从成年人那里学到运动员精神，适合作本段的主题句。
19.G【解析】本段结构非常工整，根据空前的关键信息 In many ways、some of them可知，空处应谈论另一种情况，G项与后面的举例吻合，故选G项。
20.A【解析】空处位于文章最后一段句首，是总结全文的句子。A项以so开头，用一个祈使句总结上文，又与下文内容相符，故选A项。
第二部分语言运用
第一节
[语篇导读]本文是一篇记叙文。由于科技进步，患癌的卡米尔（Camille）病情在慢慢好转，同时，癌症改变了她的生活态度。她想通过自己的经历让很多和她处境相同的人相信，虽然患癌，但是人生仍然有很多选择
21.B【解析】根据上文中的“you will think that's the end of the world”可知，卡米尔不是唯一患癌症的人。alone是形容词，意为“唯的”。
22.C【解析】根据句中的 the right medicine、the right patient、the right time可知，一系列检查的目的是确保患者正确用药。make sure意为“确保”。
23.A【解析】根据下文中的“Camille is now able to keep her daily ______while she is treated for her disease”可知，卡米尔得益于癌症的诊断测试。benefit from….，意为“从……中受益”。
24.D【解析】根据上文可知，卡米尔患了癌症，再结合下文中的“Camille is now able to keep…disease”可知，卡米尔是接受了治疗病才有所好转的。treatment意为“治疗
25.C【解析】根据下文中的“Now she’s swimming….and she can _____with her kids，study.”可推断出，此处指日常生活。daily routine意为“日常生活”。
26.B【解析】根据上文中的“She gets act scan”可知，她做CT的目的是想观察病情的变化。monitor意为“监视，监控”。
27.A【解析】句意：现在她每周游泳两次，每次游四分之一英里，还可以帮助孩子们学习功课。help with….意为“在……方面帮助”
28.C解析根据上文可知，卡米尔在某些事情上应该慢慢来，句中的转折词but暗示着在其他方面，她已经恢复正常。otherwise是副词，意为“在其他方面”。
29.D【解析】参见上一题解析。back to normal意为“恢复正常”。
30.A【解析】根据下文中的“However，I became very_____”可以推断出，刚确诊时，卡米尔难以接受。Can’t/couldn’t stand意为“无法忍受”。
31.B【解析】根据下文中的“As part of that gratitude”可知，卡米尔现在变得很感激。
32.C【解析】根据下文中的“I’ve always been the caretaker and the volunteer”可知，卡米尔为了感恩去做志愿者工作。
33.D【解析】根据上文中的“people have helped me”可知，卡米尔想回报他人的帮助，give sth back意为“归还某物”。
34.A【解析】根据句中的same可知，卡米尔帮助那些和她之前处境一样的人们，situation意为“情况”。
35.B【解析】根据上文的故事和本句中的“that it’s not hopeless”知，虽然患癌，但是人生仍然有很多选择。option意为“选择”。
第二节
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面软着陆后的发现及意义。
36.touched【解析】句中有时间状语 last week，应用一般过去时，故填touched。
37.extremely【解析】此处修饰后面的形容词 challenging，故填副词extremely。
38.where【解析】先行词是spot，后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词 where。
39.Interest【解析】句中含有“be+ of+名词”结构，be of particular interest= be particularly interesting，故填名词 interest。
40.than【解析】本句中含有more，空后为比较对象，因此空处应填than。
41.to find【解析】句中的动词不定式短语 to find and study areas of the South pole-Aitken basin作状语，表目的。
42.means【解析】根据上下文时态可知，本句也应用一般现在时，主语是it，故谓语动词用 means。
43.is constructed【解析】此处表示“月球是如何构成的”，应用被动语态，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填 is constructed。
44.much【解析】 how much意为“多少”，修饰不可数名词。
45.its【解析】此处表示“它的计划”，故填形容词性物主代词。
第三部分写作
第一节
One possible version
The Person I Respect
We have a lot of respectable people around us. They may be our teachers, parents or one of our elders. But the people I respect the most is my sister.
She is a young nurse, who just started to work last year. Occupied with her job, she has never spent a whole weekend at home since then It’s her gentle nature and consideration that impressed her patients she has taken care of. In January, 2020. a terrible coronavirus hit Wuhan, when she volunteered to go there to aid the covid-19 control efforts. She risked her life to save every patient and passed hopes to them.
Inspired by her spirit, I am determined to be a person like my sister I will pay highest respect to her.
第二节
One possible version Paragraph 1
Looking around, we saw a rubber boat floating by the shore. “How about going boating ” Mark asked. “ Good idea.” So we three excitedly jumped onto the boat and rowed far out. I was thrilled to find so many fishes in the lake. Before I could say a word. Mark had cast the fishing net into the water. “Let’s wait and see.” Mark smiled mysteriously. “Look this way. Let me take a photo of you two.” Cody said, taking out the camera. Hearing that, I quickly approached Mark. But all of a sudden I lost my balance and fell into the water.
Paragraph 2
“Help! Help! Help!” I was so frightened and cried for help. However none of us could swim. Mark and Cody tried to pull me up from the water but in vain. Struggling in the water, I was almost exhausted when I felt myself lifted by someone. It was Mark's neighbour, who followed us there and saw what had happened. Without hesitation, he jumped into the water and I was saved.