人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第二册 学案Unit1 Science and Scientists单元考点突破（有答案）
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名师原创：Unit1 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. once and for all最终地；彻底地
【原句再现】
However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. (教材P2)
【词块积累】
all at once 突然；同时
at once 立刻，马上
once and again 一而再，再三
【精品例句】
He will explain it fully once and for all.
他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。
The teacher has warned the student once and for all.
那位老师已断然警告那个学生。
I'm warning you once and for all，if you don't stop disturbing me，you'll be regretful.
我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。
【高考链接】
All ________ once there was someone knocking on the door. (湖北课改卷) (at)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We have to resolve this matter once ______ for all. (and)
He was punished ________ and again for telling lies. (once)
2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
【原句再现】
Snow subscribed to the second theory. (教材P2)
【词块积累】
subscribe to…..同意；赞成；订阅……
subscribe...to... 把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上
【精品例句】
If you subscribe to the newspaper，it'll be delivered to your door.
如果你订阅这个报纸，它会给你送货上门的。
He subscribed for 1，000 shares.他认购一千股。
I subscribed to that magazine. It is put out every week.
我订阅了那本杂志，它是周刊。
I heartily subscribe to that view．
我十分赞同那个观点。
【高考链接】
In order to improve his daughter's English，he subscribed _________ English Weekly. (江西卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He subscribed his name _______ the contract. (to)
3. suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
【原句再现】
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame．(教材P2)
【词块积累】
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是……
【精品例句】
I suspect him to know everything about that.
我猜想那件事他全都知道了。
She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.
她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。
The police suspect him of having taken the money．
警察怀疑钱是他偷的。
【高考链接】
The police suspected the boy _____ murdering his father，because the neighbors reported having heard them fighting on the night of the killing. (江苏卷) (of)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I suspect him _______ (be) a pickpocket. (to be)
I suspected the girl of _______ (lie) to us. (lying)
4. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
【原句再现】
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame．(教材P2)
【词块积累】
be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
take the blame for sth. 对某事承担责任
【精品例句】
They placed the blame on the doctor.
他们把责任归咎于医生。
He tried to escape blame for what he had done.
他试图不为自己的行为负责。
It seemed that the water was to blame．
看来水是罪魁祸首。
You shouldn't blame the failure on John.
你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。
【高考链接】
If that happens，the coach will take the blame _______ it. (山东卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
You are not ________ (blame). (to blame)
You shouldn't blame John _______ the failure. (for)
5. link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
【原句再现】
Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
link...to/with...将……和……联系或连接起来
link up 连接；结合
link up with... 与……联合；使与……衔接
a link between A and B A与B之间的联系
【精品例句】
The two companies have linked.
这两家公司已联合。
The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
The new company linked up with several older ones in self protection.
那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。
【高考链接】
The country _______ (link) to the town by a new bridge. (湖北卷) (is linked)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The new tunnel links Britain ________ France. (to/with)
The two spacecraft will link up ______ each other in orbit. (with)
6. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
【原句再现】
Through Snow's tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
on the decrease 在减少中
a decrease in... 在……方面减少
decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……减少到……
温馨提示：decrease的反义词increase的用法
increase to…增加(长)到……
increase by….. 增加(长)了……
on the increase 在增加
【精品例句】
The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.
销售量差不多减少了20%。
His interest in this subject gradually decreases.
他对这个科目的兴趣逐渐在减退。
There has been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced.
自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。
【高考链接】
Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is _________ the decrease.
（陕西卷）(on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There is a decrease of nearly 7% ______ the number of visitors to the museum. (in)
The accidents have decreased _______ 20% since the measure has been taken. (by)
7. thanks to …..幸亏；由于
【原句再现】
Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
because of…. 因为；由于
as a result of….. 作为……的结果；由于
due to….. 因为；由于
owing to….. 由于；因为……的缘故
【精品例句】
Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
Thanks to his effort，it is more successful than we have expected.
由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。
Thanks to your help，we were successful.
由于你的帮助我们成功了。
【高考链接】
Owing ____ your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time. (辽宁卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
As a result _______the bad weather，the football match was put off. (of)
The accident was due _______ his careless driving. (to)
8. transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
【原句再现】
Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
transform A into B 把A变成B
transform sth. from A to B 使……从A变成B
transformation n. 改变；改革
【精品例句】
He seems to have been miraculously transformed into a first class player.
他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
Things cannot be transformed overnight.
事情不可能在一夜之间改变。
A steam engine transforms heat into power．
蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。
【高考链接】
We must work hard so as to transform China _______ an advanced industrial country. (山东卷) (into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A complete change of climate transformed the area from farmland _____ a desert. (to)
We are living in a time of social ________ (transform)．(transformation)
9. break out (战争、火灾、火山、疾病等) 突然发生，爆发
【原句再现】
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realize that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. (教材P7)
【词块积累】
break down 损坏；分解；(汽车) 抛锚；（机械类）出现故障
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break through 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
【精品例句】
John broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance.
约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，决定再也不参加任何舞会了
It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.
他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的
The prisoner broke away from the guards.
犯人挣脱了看守
The fire broke out during the day，and therefore almost no one was injured.
火灾是在白天发生的，所以几乎没人受伤
【高考链接】
The computers all broke _____ yesterday afternoon. (湖南卷) (down)
We had to break _____ the house as we had lost the key. (陕西卷) (into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relations are breaking ____．(up)
The Union was consisted of several countries，one of which broke away ______ it later because of conflicts. (from)
10. defend v．(在比赛中)防守，防卫；保护，保卫；辩护
【原句再现】
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realize that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. (教材P7)
【词块积累】
defend．．．from/against．．．保护……免受……；保卫……抵御……
defence /defense n. 防御；保卫；防御物
in defence/defense of… 保卫……；为……辩护
【精品例句】
The best way to defend is to attack. 最好的防御就是进攻
We will defend our motherland to the last drop of our blood.
我们愿为保卫祖国流尽最后一滴血
We shall defend our city，whatever the cost may be.
无论付出什么样的代价，我们都要捍卫我们的城市
【高考链接】
The wall was built to defend the road from _____ (wash) away by the sea. (湖北课改卷) (being washed)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
More and more women today have learned to arise ___ defence of their legal rights. (in)
11. assistant n. |助手；副手；助理；店员； adj.助理的；辅助的
【原句再现】
As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s,….. (教材P8)
【词块积累】
assistance n. 帮助，援助
assist vt.&vi. 帮助；协助
an assistant manager/director助理经理/主任
a teaching/shop assistant助教/店员
medical/technical assistance医疗援助/技术支持
give /offer/provide assistance to sb.帮助某人
【精品例句】
We're looking for people w ho would be willing to assist in / with the group's work.
我们正在寻找顾意帮助该小组工作的人
With the assistance of his brother, he sold one painting.
在弟弟的帮助下，他卖掉了一幅画
Can we be of assistance in any way 我们能帮上什么忙吗
辨析：
assist, help, aid 三者都有“帮助”之意，但侧重点有所不同
assist 侧重“协助、助理 ”、受助者自己要做大部分工作。
A nurse assisted the surgeon during the operation. 一位护士在手术中协助外科医生
help指给予各方面帮助。
I will help you (to) finish the housework. 我来帮助你做完家务
aid指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人，强调帮助受助者脱离困难
She is always aiding the student with money. 她一直在资助那个学生
【高考链接】
I swam to Dad quickly and assisted him ______ (climb) onto t he boat.（重庆课改卷）
(in climbing/to climb)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She is an excellent ______ (assist) manager. (assistant)
12. charge n. 主管; 负责; 费用; 价钱; 指控; 罪名; 电荷; 电量; vt&vi(向…) 收费; 开价；vt指控; 控告; vt & vi(给)充电; vi & vt (向…)冲; 进攻
【原句再现】
He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile program. (教材P8)
【词块积累】
charger 充电器
in charge (of sth): 负责，掌管
in /under sb's charge = be in the charge of sb.
take charge of 负责，掌管
an admission charge of $55美元的入场费
on charge充电中
a positive/negative charge正/负电荷
charge sb. sth (for sth) 为…收取某人…钱
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人某事
【精品例句】
I'd like to speak to the person in charge. 我想跟负责人谈谈
Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please
我能同国际销售部的负责人谈谈 2009全国吗
The files were left in your charge.这些文件由你负责处理
Your order will be sent free of charge.你订的货物将免费送达
She was arrested on the charge of theft.她因被控偷盗而被捕
We won’t charge you for delivery.我们免费送货
Do you think muse ums should charge for admission 你认为博物馆该收入场费吗
The restaurant only charged me S40.餐馆仅收了我40美元。
She is charged with murdering her husband.她被控谋害其夫。
He had forgotten to charge the battery.他忘记了给电池充电。
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole they wait patiently and can charge at any second.
当狮子隐藏在水坑边上准备攻击时，它们会耐心地等待着，随时都会发起攻击。
【高考链接】
The monthly charge _______ this service is only $29. （全国卷） (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge ______ the program （山东卷） (of)
I wonder how much you charge ______ your services. (安徽卷) (for)
●本单元重要词组
e down 患（病）；染上（小病）
Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. (教材P8)
The old man came down with a bad cold because the strong wind.
16. above all 最重要的是；尤其
Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. (教材P9)
Above all, the old man should keep healthy.
●句型点拨
1. 特殊疑问词＋不定式 构成的结构
【原句再现】
As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera．(教材P2)
句式分析：句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。
【能力拓展】
※ 常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。
※ 语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。
※ 通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。
【精品例句】
No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease.
没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。
I don't quite know what to say in answer to your question.
我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。
Think about the fare for different kinds of transport and decide how to get there．
想一想不同种类的交通工具的费用并决定怎么到那里。
【高考链接】
The teacher taught the students _______ to do the experiment．(陕西卷) (how)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The problem is _______ to put this computer. (where)
I have no idea ______ to say about this．(what)
_______ to start has not been decided. (When)
2. so...that...引导结果状语从句
【原句再现】
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. (教材P2)
句式分析：句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
【能力拓展】
※ so＋ adj.或adv. + that ....
※ so＋ adj. ＋ a（n）＋ 单数可数名词 + that....
※ so＋ many/few ＋ 复数可数名词＋that....
※ so + much/little（少的）＋不可数名词 + that....
※ such + a（n）＋ adj.＋单数可数名词adj. + that....
※ such ＋ 不可数名词adj. + that.....
※ such ＋ 复数名词 + that....
温馨提示：
● little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。
There was so little time left that we must hurry.
时间不多了，我们要快一点。
They are such little children that they can't understand it.
他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。
●在“so...that...”和“such...that...”结构中，当“so/such...”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.＝Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。
【精品例句】
He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.
他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。
They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them.
他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。
The elephants were so clever that they were able to answer some math questions.
这些大象是如此的聪明，它们可以回答一些数学问题。
【高考链接】
It is ________ good a film that I'd like to see it a second time. （山东卷） (so)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She is ______ a lovely girl that we all like her. (such)
It is _________ heavy a box that I can't lift it. (so)
●表语从句（详见语法课件）
1 / 14
●词汇精讲
1. once and for all最终地；彻底地
【原句再现】
However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. (教材P2)
【词块积累】
all at once 突然；同时
at once 立刻，马上
once and again 一而再，再三
【精品例句】
He will explain it fully once and for all.
他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。
The teacher has warned the student once and for all.
那位老师已断然警告那个学生。
I'm warning you once and for all，if you don't stop disturbing me，you'll be regretful.
我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。
【高考链接】
All ________ once there was someone knocking on the door. (湖北课改卷) (at)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We have to resolve this matter once ______ for all. (and)
He was punished ________ and again for telling lies. (once)
2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
【原句再现】
Snow subscribed to the second theory. (教材P2)
【词块积累】
subscribe to…..同意；赞成；订阅……
subscribe...to... 把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上
【精品例句】
If you subscribe to the newspaper，it'll be delivered to your door.
如果你订阅这个报纸，它会给你送货上门的。
He subscribed for 1，000 shares.他认购一千股。
I subscribed to that magazine. It is put out every week.
我订阅了那本杂志，它是周刊。
I heartily subscribe to that view．
我十分赞同那个观点。
【高考链接】
In order to improve his daughter's English，he subscribed _________ English Weekly. (江西卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He subscribed his name _______ the contract. (to)
3. suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
【原句再现】
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame．(教材P2)
【词块积累】
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是……
【精品例句】
I suspect him to know everything about that.
我猜想那件事他全都知道了。
She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.
她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。
The police suspect him of having taken the money．
警察怀疑钱是他偷的。
【高考链接】
The police suspected the boy _____ murdering his father，because the neighbors reported having heard them fighting on the night of the killing. (江苏卷) (of)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I suspect him _______ (be) a pickpocket. (to be)
I suspected the girl of _______ (lie) to us. (lying)
4. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
【原句再现】
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame．(教材P2)
【词块积累】
be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
take the blame for sth. 对某事承担责任
【精品例句】
They placed the blame on the doctor.
他们把责任归咎于医生。
He tried to escape blame for what he had done.
他试图不为自己的行为负责。
It seemed that the water was to blame．
看来水是罪魁祸首。
You shouldn't blame the failure on John.
你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。
【高考链接】
If that happens，the coach will take the blame _______ it. (山东卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
You are not ________ (blame). (to blame)
You shouldn't blame John _______ the failure. (for)
5. link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
【原句再现】
Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
link...to/with...将……和……联系或连接起来
link up 连接；结合
link up with... 与……联合；使与……衔接
a link between A and B A与B之间的联系
【精品例句】
The two companies have linked.
这两家公司已联合。
The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
The new company linked up with several older ones in self protection.
那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。
【高考链接】
The country _______ (link) to the town by a new bridge. (湖北卷) (is linked)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The new tunnel links Britain ________ France. (to/with)
The two spacecraft will link up ______ each other in orbit. (with)
6. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
【原句再现】
Through Snow's tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
on the decrease 在减少中
a decrease in... 在……方面减少
decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……减少到……
温馨提示：decrease的反义词increase的用法
increase to…增加(长)到……
increase by….. 增加(长)了……
on the increase 在增加
【精品例句】
The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.
销售量差不多减少了20%。
His interest in this subject gradually decreases.
他对这个科目的兴趣逐渐在减退。
There has been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced.
自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。
【高考链接】
Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is _________ the decrease.
（陕西卷）(on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There is a decrease of nearly 7% ______ the number of visitors to the museum. (in)
The accidents have decreased _______ 20% since the measure has been taken. (by)
7. thanks to …..幸亏；由于
【原句再现】
Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
because of…. 因为；由于
as a result of….. 作为……的结果；由于
due to….. 因为；由于
owing to….. 由于；因为……的缘故
【精品例句】
Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
Thanks to his effort，it is more successful than we have expected.
由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。
Thanks to your help，we were successful.
由于你的帮助我们成功了。
【高考链接】
Owing ____ your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time. (辽宁卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
As a result _______the bad weather，the football match was put off. (of)
The accident was due _______ his careless driving. (to)
8. transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
【原句再现】
Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
transform A into B 把A变成B
transform sth. from A to B 使……从A变成B
transformation n. 改变；改革
【精品例句】
He seems to have been miraculously transformed into a first class player.
他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
Things cannot be transformed overnight.
事情不可能在一夜之间改变。
A steam engine transforms heat into power．
蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。
【高考链接】
We must work hard so as to transform China _______ an advanced industrial country. (山东卷) (into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A complete change of climate transformed the area from farmland _____ a desert. (to)
We are living in a time of social ________ (transform)．(transformation)
9. break out (战争、火灾、火山、疾病等) 突然发生，爆发
【原句再现】
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realize that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. (教材P7)
【词块积累】
break down 损坏；分解；(汽车) 抛锚；（机械类）出现故障
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break through 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
【精品例句】
John broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance.
约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，决定再也不参加任何舞会了
It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.
他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的
The prisoner broke away from the guards.
犯人挣脱了看守
The fire broke out during the day，and therefore almost no one was injured.
火灾是在白天发生的，所以几乎没人受伤
【高考链接】
The computers all broke _____ yesterday afternoon. (湖南卷) (down)
We had to break _____ the house as we had lost the key. (陕西卷) (into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relations are breaking ____．(up)
The Union was consisted of several countries，one of which broke away ______ it later because of conflicts. (from)
10. defend v．(在比赛中)防守，防卫；保护，保卫；辩护
【原句再现】
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realize that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. (教材P7)
【词块积累】
defend．．．from/against．．．保护……免受……；保卫……抵御……
defence /defense n. 防御；保卫；防御物
in defence/defense of… 保卫……；为……辩护
【精品例句】
The best way to defend is to attack. 最好的防御就是进攻
We will defend our motherland to the last drop of our blood.
我们愿为保卫祖国流尽最后一滴血
We shall defend our city，whatever the cost may be.
无论付出什么样的代价，我们都要捍卫我们的城市
【高考链接】
The wall was built to defend the road from _____ (wash) away by the sea. (湖北课改卷) (being washed)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
More and more women today have learned to arise ___ defence of their legal rights. (in)
11. assistant n. |助手；副手；助理；店员； adj.助理的；辅助的
【原句再现】
As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s,….. (教材P8)
【词块积累】
assistance n. 帮助，援助
assist vt.&vi. 帮助；协助
an assistant manager/director助理经理/主任
a teaching/shop assistant助教/店员
medical/technical assistance医疗援助/技术支持
give /offer/provide assistance to sb.帮助某人
【精品例句】
We're looking for people w ho would be willing to assist in / with the group's work.
我们正在寻找顾意帮助该小组工作的人
With the assistance of his brother, he sold one painting.
在弟弟的帮助下，他卖掉了一幅画
Can we be of assistance in any way 我们能帮上什么忙吗
辨析：
assist, help, aid 三者都有“帮助”之意，但侧重点有所不同
assist 侧重“协助、助理 ”、受助者自己要做大部分工作。
A nurse assisted the surgeon during the operation. 一位护士在手术中协助外科医生
help指给予各方面帮助。
I will help you (to) finish the housework. 我来帮助你做完家务
aid指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人，强调帮助受助者脱离困难
She is always aiding the student with money. 她一直在资助那个学生
【高考链接】
I swam to Dad quickly and assisted him ______ (climb) onto t he boat.（重庆课改卷）
(in climbing/to climb)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She is an excellent ______ (assist) manager. (assistant)
12. charge n. 主管; 负责; 费用; 价钱; 指控; 罪名; 电荷; 电量; vt&vi(向…) 收费; 开价；vt指控; 控告; vt & vi(给)充电; vi & vt (向…)冲; 进攻
【原句再现】
He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile program. (教材P8)
【词块积累】
charger 充电器
in charge (of sth): 负责，掌管
in /under sb's charge = be in the charge of sb.
take charge of 负责，掌管
an admission charge of $55美元的入场费
on charge充电中
a positive/negative charge正/负电荷
charge sb. sth (for sth) 为…收取某人…钱
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人某事
【精品例句】
I'd like to speak to the person in charge. 我想跟负责人谈谈
Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please
我能同国际销售部的负责人谈谈 2009全国吗
The files were left in your charge.这些文件由你负责处理
Your order will be sent free of charge.你订的货物将免费送达
She was arrested on the charge of theft.她因被控偷盗而被捕
We won’t charge you for delivery.我们免费送货
Do you think muse ums should charge for admission 你认为博物馆该收入场费吗
The restaurant only charged me S40.餐馆仅收了我40美元。
She is charged with murdering her husband.她被控谋害其夫。
He had forgotten to charge the battery.他忘记了给电池充电。
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole they wait patiently and can charge at any second.
当狮子隐藏在水坑边上准备攻击时，它们会耐心地等待着，随时都会发起攻击。
【高考链接】
The monthly charge _______ this service is only $29. （全国卷） (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge ______ the program （山东卷） (of)
I wonder how much you charge ______ your services. (安徽卷) (for)
●本单元重要词组
e down 患（病）；染上（小病）
Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. (教材P8)
The old man came down with a bad cold because the strong wind.
16. above all 最重要的是；尤其
Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. (教材P9)
Above all, the old man should keep healthy.
●句型点拨
1. 特殊疑问词＋不定式 构成的结构
【原句再现】
As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera．(教材P2)
句式分析：句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。
【能力拓展】
※ 常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。
※ 语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。
※ 通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。
【精品例句】
No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease.
没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。
I don't quite know what to say in answer to your question.
我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。
Think about the fare for different kinds of transport and decide how to get there．
想一想不同种类的交通工具的费用并决定怎么到那里。
【高考链接】
The teacher taught the students _______ to do the experiment．(陕西卷) (how)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The problem is _______ to put this computer. (where)
I have no idea ______ to say about this．(what)
_______ to start has not been decided. (When)
2. so...that...引导结果状语从句
【原句再现】
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. (教材P2)
句式分析：句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
【能力拓展】
※ so＋ adj.或adv. + that ....
※ so＋ adj. ＋ a（n）＋ 单数可数名词 + that....
※ so＋ many/few ＋ 复数可数名词＋that....
※ so + much/little（少的）＋不可数名词 + that....
※ such + a（n）＋ adj.＋单数可数名词adj. + that....
※ such ＋ 不可数名词adj. + that.....
※ such ＋ 复数名词 + that....
温馨提示：
● little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。
There was so little time left that we must hurry.
时间不多了，我们要快一点。
They are such little children that they can't understand it.
他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。
●在“so...that...”和“such...that...”结构中，当“so/such...”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.＝Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。
【精品例句】
He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.
他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。
They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them.
他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。
The elephants were so clever that they were able to answer some math questions.
这些大象是如此的聪明，它们可以回答一些数学问题。
【高考链接】
It is ________ good a film that I'd like to see it a second time. （山东卷） (so)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She is ______ a lovely girl that we all like her. (such)
It is _________ heavy a box that I can't lift it. (so)
●表语从句（详见语法课件）
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