人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第二册 学案Unit1 Science and Scientists易混易错点辨析（有答案）
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【名师原创】：Unit1 易混易错点辨析
●overcome；conquer
【教材原句】
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Show, showed how it could be overcome. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。
overcome 意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。
conquer 意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。
温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。
【例句呈现】
She overcame/conquered her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.
她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。
The two parties managed to overcome/conquer their differences on the issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
She overcame/conquered injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
She was trying to overcome/conquer her physical repugnance for him.
她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。
In the final game Sweden easily overcame/conquered France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
So far, we have managed to overcome all the obstacles that have been placed in our path.
至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。
Find a way to overcome your difficulties.
找出办法战胜困难。
I then realized how possible it was to overcome/conquer your limitations.
那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。
Western officials say the problem is minor, and should be quickly overcome.
西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。
I would overcome/conquered any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
Mont Blanc was conquered in 1786.
勃朗峰于1786年被征服。
【考点过关】
根据overcome和conquer用法，用其适当形式填空。
1. The world champion ______ yet another challenger last night.
2. The night before the test I _______ by fear and despair
3. I ________ my moral scruples at last.
4. They had to _______ formidable obstacles.
5. During 1936, Mussolini _______ Abyssinia
6. Human beings are learning to ______ all kinds of natural disasters.
7. The Spanish _______ the New World in the sixteenth century.
8. So far, we ________ the enemy.
9. When will scientists ________ the stars
10. The long-cherished dream of _________ the Huanghe River will become a reality.
11. Man will ________ nature.
12. Something gave me the strength __________ the difficulty
13. To succeed, you must learn ________ obstacles.
14. Early in the eleventh century the whole of England _______ again by the Vikings.
15. In the wake of developments in science and technology, man has become more capable of _______ nature.
16. There is always one thing ________ another.
【参考答案】
1. conquered/overcame; 2. was overcome/conquered; 3. overcame/conquered; 4. overcome; 5. conquered; 6. conquer; 7. conquered; 8. have conquered; 9. conquer; 10. conquering; 11. conquer; 12. to overcome; 13. to overcome; 14. was conquered; 15. conquering; 16. to conquer/overcome
●主语 + used to do; 主语 + be/get used to doing sth.; 主语 + be used to do sth.
【教材原句】
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Show, showed how it could be overcome. (教材P2)
【辨析】
主语 + used to do sth. 表示“过去常常”，说明过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，但现在已经不那样做或已经不存在了。其中的to是不定式符号,后面要接动词原形。它只有过去式一种形式,可以用于所有人称。
主语 + be/get used to sth./doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词，be是系动词,可以用于过去、现在、将来的多种时态, 还可以用get, become等词来代替。
主语 + be used to do sth. =主语 + be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，是use sth. to do sth. 和use sth. for doing sth.的被动结构。
温馨提示：
①used to do sth. 的疑问式为Did … use to … 或Used … to … 构成；否定式为didn’t use to do sth. 或 usedn’t to do sth.
② there used to be… 表示“过去有….”
【例句呈现】
This powerful drug is used to tranquilize patients undergoing surgery.
这种强效药剂被用来麻醉手术病人。
The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases.
此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。
They used to buy ten kilos of beef in one lump.
他们过去常买10公斤重的整块牛肉。
The old-timers used to recall how hot 1886 was.
老人们常常回想起1886年的酷热。
I used to watch TV, but now I don’t like it.
我过去常常看电视,但现在不喜欢了。
He didn’t use / used not to go home by bus.
他过去不常坐公共汽车回家。
-- Did you use to be a teacher / Used you to be a teacher 你过去是老师吗
-- Yes, I did. 是的。
There used to be an old temple behind my house, didn’t there
过去我家房子后面有一个古寺，是吗？
He is used to air travel.
他习惯坐飞机旅行。
She is not used to eating Chinese food.
她不习惯吃中餐。
You’ll soon be/get/become used to our way of living.
你不久就会习惯我们的生活方式的。
Wood is often used to make desks and chairs.
木材常常被用来制作桌椅。
Coal can be used to keep warm.
煤可以用来取暖。
I am used to getting up early.
我习惯早起。
【考点过关】
根据“主语 + used to do; 主语 + be/get used to doing sth.; 主语 + be used to do sth. ”用法填空
1. My cousin is used to ________ (study) with his new friends in Australia.
2. I never used to ___________ (eat) cakes, but I eat a lot now.
3. My mother is used to ________ (get) up early to cook breakfast for us.
4. I used to ___________ (go) swimming on Saturdays.
5. Jim has lived in Australia for two years. He is used to _________ (drive) on the left.
6. Didn’t she use to ____________ (live) in Germany
7. You’ll soon get used to ___________ (live) in the country.
8. I’m not used to _____________ (treat) like this.
9. My parents used to ________ (get) up at 7, but now they get up at 6 and cook breakfast for me.
10. Knives are used for _________ (cut) things.
【参考答案】
1. studying; 2. eat; 3. getting; 4. go; 5. driving; 6. live; 7. living; 8. being treated; 9. get; 10. cutting
●die from; die of
【教材原句】
In the early 19th century, when on outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. (教材P2)
What’s more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street! (教材P2)
Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都是“死于…., 因….而死”的意思，当宾语是具体的病名或illness/sickness/disease时，可以换用，但在其它意义上有一定的区别。
die from强调因受伤、劳累、身体虚弱、不良生活习惯、自然灾害和意外事故等造成的死亡, 外因居多。
die of 强调因疾病、饥渴，寒冷，年老和各种情感因素造成的死亡，内因居多。
【例句呈现】
400 people a year die of/from this disease on average.
平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
Millions could die of hunger as an indirect result of the war
作为战争的间接后果，数百万人可能会死于饥饿。
Only one in 10 people who are over 80 will die of/from cancer.
现在80岁年龄层中只有10%的人死于癌症。
He said six million children die of hunger every year.
他说，每年大约600万儿童死于饥饿。
In Britain today, one in three men will die of/from heart disease.
在如今的英国三分之一的人死于心脏
Fine, die of thirst that'll really show me.
好，渴死的时候再来向我要.
They also were twenty-three percent more likely to die of/from cancer.
她们患癌症的死亡率也要高23%。
Many people die of starvation during famines every year.
每年发生饥荒时都有许多人饿死。
People do not die of colds.
哪有伤风感冒就会送命的。
Freda Bright says, "Only in opera do people die of love."
弗雷德·布莱特说过，“只有在歌剧中，人们才会为爱而死。”
It's reported that thousands of people die from illegal driving each year.
据报道,每年有数千人死于非法驾驶。
I think we'd die from hypothermia or exposure to the elements first.
我认为我们会首先死于体温过低或曝晒。
He says there is a real danger that more people could die from the economic impact of COVID-19 than from the virus itself.
他表示，会有更多的人死于新冠病毒疫情造成的经济危机，甚于疫情本身，这是一种现实危险。
The CDC estimates that about one in five people who die from drowning are under age 14.
美国国家疾病防疫中心声称，死于溺水的人有五分之一是14岁以下的儿童。
One third of the world's cigarettes are smoked in China, where over one million people die from smoking every year.
中国占据全球香烟的三分之一，每年因吸烟死亡的人数超过了100万人。
【考点过关】
用die from, die of的适当形式填空
1. The old man _______ lung cancer last year.
2. The couple and their son _______ AIDS yesterday.
3. The problem is that 10, 000 people _______ diseases every week caused by smoking.
4. Around fifty people _______ hunger every day in the big city.
5. Her father and her brothers would _______ shame
6. Some children in the countryside in India _______ cold and starvation.
7. Every year there are some young people _______ disappointed love in the country.
8. The woman _______ laughter and excitement several months.
9. Alice _______ sorrow and boredom last week.
10. Tom’s grandfather ________ smoking last night.
11. The brave soldier _______ a chest wound.
12. Many people ________ drinking too much wine every year.
13. The peasant _______ overwork in the factory the day before yesterday.
14. Those old men in the village _______ weakness.
15. Nowadays more and more young people ______ heart illness.
16. The boy ______ a car accident three days ago.
【参考答案】
1. died of/from; 2. died of/from; 3. die of/from; 4. die of; 5. die of; 6. die of; 7. dying of; 8. died of; 9. died of; 10. died from; 11. died from; 12. die from; 13. died from; 14. died from; 15. die from; 16. died from
●attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in
【教材原句】
In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. (教材P2)
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. (教材P7)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。attend to sb./sth. 照顾/照料某人/某物。
join “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
join in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
温馨提示：join in用法相当于take part in或join in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用join in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I've joined an aerobics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She joined the Communist Party three months ago.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children moved to join him in their new home...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He joined the Army five years ago.
他5年前参军了。
May I join in the discussion
我可以参加讨论吗
I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It's no use egging him on; he's made up his mind not to take part in the tournament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
More and more people are beginning to participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students to take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in 用法填空
1. They ______ college together at the University of Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Now and again he'd ______ when we were playing video games.
4. They _______ the sport that interests them most.
5. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will _____ protecting natural ecosystems.
6. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to _______ the lessons.
7. A teen might ______ a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important.
8. They all _______ the Trade Union last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. join in ; 4. join in/take part in/participate in; 5. join in/take part in/participate in; 6. join in/take part in/participate in; 7. join in/take part in/participate in; 8. joined
●suspect; doubt
【教材原句】
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思，但是用法有一定区别。
①两者后面接名词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )、代词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )或名词性词组时可通用。
②两者后面接 that 从句时，意思截然不同。doubt如果用肯定结构，表示“不相信，怀疑不是那样”， 而suspect 表示“怀疑，怀疑其有”。如果douubt用否定结构，则表示“确信”。
③ doubt 后面可以接 whether/if 引导的从句，而suspect不可以。
④ 两者构成的短语不同。doubt常构成：doubt of sth 疑惑某事；suspect 常构成以下两个结构：suspect sb./sth. to be…怀疑某人或某物是….；suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事。
⑤doubt作名词，表示“疑惑”，常构成结构：there is no/little doubt that….毫无疑问…
⑥ suspect 作名词是“犯罪嫌疑人”的意思。
【例句呈现】
I suspect the truth of her statement.
我对她那番话的真实性 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E6%80%A7&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )表示怀疑。
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him.
他说他能治好我的病 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )，但我仍对他不放心。
I doubt that he has stolen my watch.
我不相信他偷了我的手表。
I suspect that he has stolen my watch.
我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。
I doubt that she is the criminal.
我不相信她是罪犯。
I suspect that she is the criminal.
我怀疑她是罪犯。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.
医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。
I don't doubt that he is right.
我确信他是对的。
I didn't doubt that he would come.
我当时相信他会来的。
Why did she doubt that they were cheats？
她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？
I doubt whether/if he'll come.
我不敢肯定他来不来。
It's raining hard. I doubt whether it will be fine tomorrow.
雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。
She never doubted of his success.
她从不怀疑他的成功。
I suspected him to be the spy.
我认为他就是那个间谋。
What made you suspect her of having taken the money？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
【考点过关】
用suspect和doubt的适当形式填空。
1. There is no ______ that television has greatly changed people’s lives.
2. I think there is very little ______ that will happen.
3. Others _______ whether/if that would happen.
4. There is no _______ that computers are very useful in technology and business.
5. I _______ whether/if he will marry her.
6. There is no _______ that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
7. No one _______ him of his ability at that time.
8. The police _______ him of having a part in the jewel robbery yesterday.
9. No one directly involved with the case _______ him now.
10. The police have eliminated two ______ from their investigation.
11. A referendum showed beyond ______ that voters wanted independence.
12. He ________ that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin, and so she was.
13. The _______ is currently under control of Xiangtan police.
14. They ________ me of having a hand in the affair last year.
15. I think there is very little _______ that will happen.
【参考答案】
1. doubt; 2. doubt; 3. doubted; 4. doubt; 5. doubt; 6. doubt; 7. doubted/suspected; 8. suspected; 9. doubts/suspects; 10. suspects; 11. doubt; 12. suspected; 13. suspect; 14. suspected; 15. doubt
●主语 + be afraid to do sth. ; 主语 + be afraid of doing sth.
【教材原句】
He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. (教材P9)
【辨析】
两个短语都有“怕做某事”的意思, 但实际含义及涉及语境有明显区。
主语 + be afraid to do sth. 表示主语没有胆量做某事，对做某事感到恐惧。
主语 + be afraid of doing sth. 表示主语担心做了某事会出现某种后果。
【例句呈现】
They are afraid to swim because they are afraid of drowning.
他们不敢游泳，因为他们担心会被淹死。
They may be afraid of losing you.
他们可能害怕失去你。
She was afraid of waking her husband.
她怕吵醒她丈夫。
I was afraid of hurting his feelings.
我怕伤了他的感情。
He came late to school and was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.
他上学迟到了, 害怕被老师责备。
He is afraid of being beaten by his father.
他怕被他爸打。
Don't be afraid to talk to someone who has more experience.
不要害怕与有更多经验的人交谈。
Don't be afraid to experiment.
别害怕做尝试。
I want you to never be afraid to make a decision
任何时候都不要害怕做决定。
Don't be afraid to ask for advice about ordering the meal
点餐时可以大胆征求意见。
These boys are afraid to speak in front of the audience.
这些孩子不敢在众人面前说话。
It is common for children to be afraid to sleep alone.
小孩子不敢一个人睡觉是很常见的。
【考点过关】
根据be afraid of doing sth. 和be afraid to do sth. 的用法填空
1. Don't be afraid _______ (stand) up for yourself.
2. Criticize yourself when you've made a mistake. Don't be afraid _____ (lose) face.
3. I’m afraid ______ (jump) into the river.
4. Don't be afraid ______ (make) mistakes and we can learn from them!
5. Don't be afraid ______ (laugh) at by others.
6. Tom was afraid _______ (answer) questions at class.
7. The girl is afraid to ride the bike because she is afraid _______ (fall) down from it.
8. He was afraid _______ (go) out alone at night.
9. I’m afraid _______ (speak) English before so many people because I’m afraid of making mistakes.
10. He is afraid _______ (touch) the snake.
【参考答案】
1. to stand; 2. of losing; 3. to jump; 4. of making; 5. of being laugh; 6. to answer; 7. of falling; 8. to go; 9. to speak; 10. to touch
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●overcome；conquer
【教材原句】
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Show, showed how it could be overcome. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。
overcome 意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。
conquer 意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。
温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。
【例句呈现】
She overcame/conquered her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.
她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。
The two parties managed to overcome/conquer their differences on the issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
She overcame/conquered injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
She was trying to overcome/conquer her physical repugnance for him.
她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。
In the final game Sweden easily overcame/conquered France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
So far, we have managed to overcome all the obstacles that have been placed in our path.
至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。
Find a way to overcome your difficulties.
找出办法战胜困难。
I then realized how possible it was to overcome/conquer your limitations.
那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。
Western officials say the problem is minor, and should be quickly overcome.
西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。
I would overcome/conquered any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
Mont Blanc was conquered in 1786.
勃朗峰于1786年被征服。
【考点过关】
根据overcome和conquer用法，用其适当形式填空。
1. The world champion ______ yet another challenger last night.
2. The night before the test I _______ by fear and despair
3. I ________ my moral scruples at last.
4. They had to _______ formidable obstacles.
5. During 1936, Mussolini _______ Abyssinia
6. Human beings are learning to ______ all kinds of natural disasters.
7. The Spanish _______ the New World in the sixteenth century.
8. So far, we ________ the enemy.
9. When will scientists ________ the stars
10. The long-cherished dream of _________ the Huanghe River will become a reality.
11. Man will ________ nature.
12. Something gave me the strength __________ the difficulty
13. To succeed, you must learn ________ obstacles.
14. Early in the eleventh century the whole of England _______ again by the Vikings.
15. In the wake of developments in science and technology, man has become more capable of _______ nature.
16. There is always one thing ________ another.
【参考答案】
1. conquered/overcame; 2. was overcome/conquered; 3. overcame/conquered; 4. overcome; 5. conquered; 6. conquer; 7. conquered; 8. have conquered; 9. conquer; 10. conquering; 11. conquer; 12. to overcome; 13. to overcome; 14. was conquered; 15. conquering; 16. to conquer/overcome
●主语 + used to do; 主语 + be/get used to doing sth.; 主语 + be used to do sth.
【教材原句】
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Show, showed how it could be overcome. (教材P2)
【辨析】
主语 + used to do sth. 表示“过去常常”，说明过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，但现在已经不那样做或已经不存在了。其中的to是不定式符号,后面要接动词原形。它只有过去式一种形式,可以用于所有人称。
主语 + be/get used to sth./doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词，be是系动词,可以用于过去、现在、将来的多种时态, 还可以用get, become等词来代替。
主语 + be used to do sth. =主语 + be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，是use sth. to do sth. 和use sth. for doing sth.的被动结构。
温馨提示：
①used to do sth. 的疑问式为Did … use to … 或Used … to … 构成；否定式为didn’t use to do sth. 或 usedn’t to do sth.
② there used to be… 表示“过去有….”
【例句呈现】
This powerful drug is used to tranquilize patients undergoing surgery.
这种强效药剂被用来麻醉手术病人。
The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases.
此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。
They used to buy ten kilos of beef in one lump.
他们过去常买10公斤重的整块牛肉。
The old-timers used to recall how hot 1886 was.
老人们常常回想起1886年的酷热。
I used to watch TV, but now I don’t like it.
我过去常常看电视,但现在不喜欢了。
He didn’t use / used not to go home by bus.
他过去不常坐公共汽车回家。
-- Did you use to be a teacher / Used you to be a teacher 你过去是老师吗
-- Yes, I did. 是的。
There used to be an old temple behind my house, didn’t there
过去我家房子后面有一个古寺，是吗？
He is used to air travel.
他习惯坐飞机旅行。
She is not used to eating Chinese food.
她不习惯吃中餐。
You’ll soon be/get/become used to our way of living.
你不久就会习惯我们的生活方式的。
Wood is often used to make desks and chairs.
木材常常被用来制作桌椅。
Coal can be used to keep warm.
煤可以用来取暖。
I am used to getting up early.
我习惯早起。
【考点过关】
根据“主语 + used to do; 主语 + be/get used to doing sth.; 主语 + be used to do sth. ”用法填空
1. My cousin is used to ________ (study) with his new friends in Australia.
2. I never used to ___________ (eat) cakes, but I eat a lot now.
3. My mother is used to ________ (get) up early to cook breakfast for us.
4. I used to ___________ (go) swimming on Saturdays.
5. Jim has lived in Australia for two years. He is used to _________ (drive) on the left.
6. Didn’t she use to ____________ (live) in Germany
7. You’ll soon get used to ___________ (live) in the country.
8. I’m not used to _____________ (treat) like this.
9. My parents used to ________ (get) up at 7, but now they get up at 6 and cook breakfast for me.
10. Knives are used for _________ (cut) things.
【参考答案】
1. studying; 2. eat; 3. getting; 4. go; 5. driving; 6. live; 7. living; 8. being treated; 9. get; 10. cutting
●die from; die of
【教材原句】
In the early 19th century, when on outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. (教材P2)
What’s more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street! (教材P2)
Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都是“死于…., 因….而死”的意思，当宾语是具体的病名或illness/sickness/disease时，可以换用，但在其它意义上有一定的区别。
die from强调因受伤、劳累、身体虚弱、不良生活习惯、自然灾害和意外事故等造成的死亡, 外因居多。
die of 强调因疾病、饥渴，寒冷，年老和各种情感因素造成的死亡，内因居多。
【例句呈现】
400 people a year die of/from this disease on average.
平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
Millions could die of hunger as an indirect result of the war
作为战争的间接后果，数百万人可能会死于饥饿。
Only one in 10 people who are over 80 will die of/from cancer.
现在80岁年龄层中只有10%的人死于癌症。
He said six million children die of hunger every year.
他说，每年大约600万儿童死于饥饿。
In Britain today, one in three men will die of/from heart disease.
在如今的英国三分之一的人死于心脏
Fine, die of thirst that'll really show me.
好，渴死的时候再来向我要.
They also were twenty-three percent more likely to die of/from cancer.
她们患癌症的死亡率也要高23%。
Many people die of starvation during famines every year.
每年发生饥荒时都有许多人饿死。
People do not die of colds.
哪有伤风感冒就会送命的。
Freda Bright says, "Only in opera do people die of love."
弗雷德·布莱特说过，“只有在歌剧中，人们才会为爱而死。”
It's reported that thousands of people die from illegal driving each year.
据报道,每年有数千人死于非法驾驶。
I think we'd die from hypothermia or exposure to the elements first.
我认为我们会首先死于体温过低或曝晒。
He says there is a real danger that more people could die from the economic impact of COVID-19 than from the virus itself.
他表示，会有更多的人死于新冠病毒疫情造成的经济危机，甚于疫情本身，这是一种现实危险。
The CDC estimates that about one in five people who die from drowning are under age 14.
美国国家疾病防疫中心声称，死于溺水的人有五分之一是14岁以下的儿童。
One third of the world's cigarettes are smoked in China, where over one million people die from smoking every year.
中国占据全球香烟的三分之一，每年因吸烟死亡的人数超过了100万人。
【考点过关】
用die from, die of的适当形式填空
1. The old man _______ lung cancer last year.
2. The couple and their son _______ AIDS yesterday.
3. The problem is that 10, 000 people _______ diseases every week caused by smoking.
4. Around fifty people _______ hunger every day in the big city.
5. Her father and her brothers would _______ shame
6. Some children in the countryside in India _______ cold and starvation.
7. Every year there are some young people _______ disappointed love in the country.
8. The woman _______ laughter and excitement several months.
9. Alice _______ sorrow and boredom last week.
10. Tom’s grandfather ________ smoking last night.
11. The brave soldier _______ a chest wound.
12. Many people ________ drinking too much wine every year.
13. The peasant _______ overwork in the factory the day before yesterday.
14. Those old men in the village _______ weakness.
15. Nowadays more and more young people ______ heart illness.
16. The boy ______ a car accident three days ago.
【参考答案】
1. died of/from; 2. died of/from; 3. die of/from; 4. die of; 5. die of; 6. die of; 7. dying of; 8. died of; 9. died of; 10. died from; 11. died from; 12. die from; 13. died from; 14. died from; 15. die from; 16. died from
●attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in
【教材原句】
In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. (教材P2)
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. (教材P7)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。attend to sb./sth. 照顾/照料某人/某物。
join “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
join in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
温馨提示：join in用法相当于take part in或join in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用join in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I've joined an aerobics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She joined the Communist Party three months ago.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children moved to join him in their new home...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He joined the Army five years ago.
他5年前参军了。
May I join in the discussion
我可以参加讨论吗
I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It's no use egging him on; he's made up his mind not to take part in the tournament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
More and more people are beginning to participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students to take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in 用法填空
1. They ______ college together at the University of Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Now and again he'd ______ when we were playing video games.
4. They _______ the sport that interests them most.
5. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will _____ protecting natural ecosystems.
6. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to _______ the lessons.
7. A teen might ______ a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important.
8. They all _______ the Trade Union last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. join in ; 4. join in/take part in/participate in; 5. join in/take part in/participate in; 6. join in/take part in/participate in; 7. join in/take part in/participate in; 8. joined
●suspect; doubt
【教材原句】
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思，但是用法有一定区别。
①两者后面接名词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )、代词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )或名词性词组时可通用。
②两者后面接 that 从句时，意思截然不同。doubt如果用肯定结构，表示“不相信，怀疑不是那样”， 而suspect 表示“怀疑，怀疑其有”。如果douubt用否定结构，则表示“确信”。
③ doubt 后面可以接 whether/if 引导的从句，而suspect不可以。
④ 两者构成的短语不同。doubt常构成：doubt of sth 疑惑某事；suspect 常构成以下两个结构：suspect sb./sth. to be…怀疑某人或某物是….；suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事。
⑤doubt作名词，表示“疑惑”，常构成结构：there is no/little doubt that….毫无疑问…
⑥ suspect 作名词是“犯罪嫌疑人”的意思。
【例句呈现】
I suspect the truth of her statement.
我对她那番话的真实性 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E6%80%A7&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )表示怀疑。
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him.
他说他能治好我的病 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )，但我仍对他不放心。
I doubt that he has stolen my watch.
我不相信他偷了我的手表。
I suspect that he has stolen my watch.
我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。
I doubt that she is the criminal.
我不相信她是罪犯。
I suspect that she is the criminal.
我怀疑她是罪犯。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.
医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。
I don't doubt that he is right.
我确信他是对的。
I didn't doubt that he would come.
我当时相信他会来的。
Why did she doubt that they were cheats？
她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？
I doubt whether/if he'll come.
我不敢肯定他来不来。
It's raining hard. I doubt whether it will be fine tomorrow.
雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。
She never doubted of his success.
她从不怀疑他的成功。
I suspected him to be the spy.
我认为他就是那个间谋。
What made you suspect her of having taken the money？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
【考点过关】
用suspect和doubt的适当形式填空。
1. There is no ______ that television has greatly changed people’s lives.
2. I think there is very little ______ that will happen.
3. Others _______ whether/if that would happen.
4. There is no _______ that computers are very useful in technology and business.
5. I _______ whether/if he will marry her.
6. There is no _______ that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
7. No one _______ him of his ability at that time.
8. The police _______ him of having a part in the jewel robbery yesterday.
9. No one directly involved with the case _______ him now.
10. The police have eliminated two ______ from their investigation.
11. A referendum showed beyond ______ that voters wanted independence.
12. He ________ that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin, and so she was.
13. The _______ is currently under control of Xiangtan police.
14. They ________ me of having a hand in the affair last year.
15. I think there is very little _______ that will happen.
【参考答案】
1. doubt; 2. doubt; 3. doubted; 4. doubt; 5. doubt; 6. doubt; 7. doubted/suspected; 8. suspected; 9. doubts/suspects; 10. suspects; 11. doubt; 12. suspected; 13. suspect; 14. suspected; 15. doubt
●主语 + be afraid to do sth. ; 主语 + be afraid of doing sth.
【教材原句】
He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. (教材P9)
【辨析】
两个短语都有“怕做某事”的意思, 但实际含义及涉及语境有明显区。
主语 + be afraid to do sth. 表示主语没有胆量做某事，对做某事感到恐惧。
主语 + be afraid of doing sth. 表示主语担心做了某事会出现某种后果。
【例句呈现】
They are afraid to swim because they are afraid of drowning.
他们不敢游泳，因为他们担心会被淹死。
They may be afraid of losing you.
他们可能害怕失去你。
She was afraid of waking her husband.
她怕吵醒她丈夫。
I was afraid of hurting his feelings.
我怕伤了他的感情。
He came late to school and was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.
他上学迟到了, 害怕被老师责备。
He is afraid of being beaten by his father.
他怕被他爸打。
Don't be afraid to talk to someone who has more experience.
不要害怕与有更多经验的人交谈。
Don't be afraid to experiment.
别害怕做尝试。
I want you to never be afraid to make a decision
任何时候都不要害怕做决定。
Don't be afraid to ask for advice about ordering the meal
点餐时可以大胆征求意见。
These boys are afraid to speak in front of the audience.
这些孩子不敢在众人面前说话。
It is common for children to be afraid to sleep alone.
小孩子不敢一个人睡觉是很常见的。
【考点过关】
根据be afraid of doing sth. 和be afraid to do sth. 的用法填空
1. Don't be afraid _______ (stand) up for yourself.
2. Criticize yourself when you've made a mistake. Don't be afraid _____ (lose) face.
3. I’m afraid ______ (jump) into the river.
4. Don't be afraid ______ (make) mistakes and we can learn from them!
5. Don't be afraid ______ (laugh) at by others.
6. Tom was afraid _______ (answer) questions at class.
7. The girl is afraid to ride the bike because she is afraid _______ (fall) down from it.
8. He was afraid _______ (go) out alone at night.
9. I’m afraid _______ (speak) English before so many people because I’m afraid of making mistakes.
10. He is afraid _______ (touch) the snake.
【参考答案】
1. to stand; 2. of losing; 3. to jump; 4. of making; 5. of being laugh; 6. to answer; 7. of falling; 8. to go; 9. to speak; 10. to touch
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