人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第二册 Unit1Science and Scientists五年高考练（有答案）
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Unit1 五年高考练
一、阅读理解
A
（2019北京，C）
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）.We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，it's too little，too late. By the lime these “solutions”（解决方案）become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation（处理）and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name，and far more. Armed with this knowledge，they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means，for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's tricking you into “confirming” your address mother's name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications -using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
1. How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls
A. Panicked.
B. Confused.
C. Embarrassed.
D. Disappointed.
2. Taking advantage of the new technologies scammers can _____.
A. aim at victims precisely
B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly
D. spread information widely
3. What does the passage imply
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to blame for the problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
二、七选五
（2019课标全国Ⅲ）
In an online class，developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.(1) __ While I have only listed two of each，there are obviously many other situations that can arise Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.
Do’s
●(2) __ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design，read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
●Participate in discussion forums（论坛），blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.(3) __ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don’ts
●Don't share personal information or stories Professors are not trained nurses，financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension，simply explain the situation to the professor. (4) __
●Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class. (5) __ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That’s what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good thoughtful questions.
三、语法填空
（2018课标全国Ⅲ）
I’m not sure (1) __ is more frightened，me or the female gorilla（大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, face-to-face with the gorilla who begins screaming at (2) __ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the (3) __ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid (4) __ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel (5) __ (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (6) __ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching (7) __ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find (8) __（they）alive. True to gorilla's unaggressive nature，the huge animal (9) __ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying："I’m king of this forest，and here is your reminder！"Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (10) __ (stay)and watch.
参考答案及解析：
一、语篇解读 本文为说明文，主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内容为信息安全。随着声音处理技术的发展，电信诈骗的危险性也在增加，所以电话服务公司和消费者通力合作来确保通信安全迫在眉睫。文章侧重于培养学生的思维品质。
1.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为：关于自助语音电话问题的解决方案作者觉得如何？由第一段中的 Unfortunately，its too little，too late. By the time these "solutions" become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可以看出，这些解决方案太少、太滞后，而且当解决方案广泛应用后，诈骗犯又有了更为聪明的诈骗方式。由此可推断出，作者对这些解决方案感到失望，故D项正确。A：恐慌的；B：困惑的；C：尴尬的。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为：利用这些新技术，诈骗犯们能够根据第三段第二句 The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.可知，自助语音电话令人头疼的原因与数量关系不大，更主要的是精准度。诈骗犯利用新技术能够精确地对受害者实施诈骗，A项符合语境，precisely与 precision为同一词根。
3.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为：这篇文章暗示了什么？文章第二段指出，声音处理和自动化技术即将广泛应用，第三段则指出这些技术可能让电信诈骗更为危险。由此可得知，文章暗示科技是一把双刃剑，带来了便利也带来了麻烦，故B项正确。
4.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为：文章的最佳标题会是以下哪一项？通读文章可得知，第一段指出电信诈骗的危险性越来越大，第二段指出上述问题出现的原因，第三段对此进行了解释，第四段提出了解决方法，最后一段则回归主题，指出问题会愈发严重。故C项符合文章主旨，意为“自助语音电话为何会愈发危险”。
二、语篇解读 本文体裁为说明文。主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内容为社会交往。文章针对如何与在线课程教授沟通为学生提出了一些建议。本文侧重培养学生的学习能力。
(1)E 过渡句。设空处前提出与在线（online）课程教授有着良好的沟通很重要，下文介绍了该做的和不该做的事情，因此答案为E项。
(2)G 主题句。根据Dos和Don'ts中各段首句的特点可知，设空处为主题句并且是祈使句，设空处后一句中的关键词Questions与G项中的 questions对应，因此答案为G项。
(3)A 细节句。由设空处前面的句子 Participate in discussion forums，blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.中的关键信息可知，A项中的That指代 dialogue，they指代 discussion forums，blogs and other open-ended forums，因此答案为A项。
(4) C 细节句。本段建议学生不要和教授聊个人话题，你在说完和教授沟通的内容之后，如果有必要，教授会进一步向你提问，因此答案为C项。
(5) F 细节句。本段建议学生如果对教授的课程有意见，不要公开发表不满，所以空格处的内容应与本段话题一致，F项提到每个人都曾经上过不太好的课，与前后文内容相关联，因此答案为F项。
三、语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的近距离接触。尽管大猩猩表现得很凶猛，但它们并非是好斗的动物。
(1) who 此处表示“我不确定谁更感到害怕”。本题考查宾语从句 “____is more frightened”为宾语从句，该从句缺少主语，故填who。
(2) the句意：出乎意料的是，我正与那只大猩猩面对面，它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。本题考查冠词。at the top of one's lungs意为“声嘶力竭地”。
(3) loudest 句意：它尖叫的声音最大。本题考查副词最高级。根据句意及本句中的“of all”可知设空处填副词最高级，故填 loudest。
(4) looking 句意：我迅速弯下身，低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。动词 avoid后须用动名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻辑上的主动关系，故填动名词 looking。
(5) challenged 本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语he与challenge（挑战）为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词形式challenged。
(6) scientist 句意：我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。本题考查名词。设空处作表语，说明主语的身份；根据提示词science可知填 scientist。
(7) for 句意：我正在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。本题考查动词短语。search for为动词短语，意为“搜寻”。
(8) them 本题考查代词。设空处指代从句中的 the gorillas，以避免重复，故填them。
(9) meant 句意：大猩猩确实有不好斗的本性，那只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。本题考查时态。根据上下文可知，本空用一般过去时，故填 meant。
(10) to stay 句意：一旦它的信息传递了，它就允许我待在那里观察（它们）。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。allow后须加不定式作宾补；又因为宾语me与say为逻辑上的主动关系，故填 to stay。
6
一、阅读理解
A
（2019北京，C）
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）.We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，it's too little，too late. By the lime these “solutions”（解决方案）become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation（处理）and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference，a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name，and far more. Armed with this knowledge，they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means，for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's tricking you into “confirming” your address mother's name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications -using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
1. How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls
A. Panicked.
B. Confused.
C. Embarrassed.
D. Disappointed.
2. Taking advantage of the new technologies scammers can _____.
A. aim at victims precisely
B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly
D. spread information widely
3. What does the passage imply
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to blame for the problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
二、七选五
（2019课标全国Ⅲ）
In an online class，developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.(1) __ While I have only listed two of each，there are obviously many other situations that can arise Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.
Do’s
●(2) __ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design，read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
●Participate in discussion forums（论坛），blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.(3) __ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don’ts
●Don't share personal information or stories Professors are not trained nurses，financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension，simply explain the situation to the professor. (4) __
●Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class. (5) __ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That’s what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good thoughtful questions.
三、语法填空
（2018课标全国Ⅲ）
I’m not sure (1) __ is more frightened，me or the female gorilla（大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, face-to-face with the gorilla who begins screaming at (2) __ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the (3) __ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid (4) __ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel (5) __ (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (6) __ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching (7) __ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find (8) __（they）alive. True to gorilla's unaggressive nature，the huge animal (9) __ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying："I’m king of this forest，and here is your reminder！"Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (10) __ (stay)and watch.
参考答案及解析：
一、语篇解读 本文为说明文，主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内容为信息安全。随着声音处理技术的发展，电信诈骗的危险性也在增加，所以电话服务公司和消费者通力合作来确保通信安全迫在眉睫。文章侧重于培养学生的思维品质。
1.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为：关于自助语音电话问题的解决方案作者觉得如何？由第一段中的 Unfortunately，its too little，too late. By the time these "solutions" become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可以看出，这些解决方案太少、太滞后，而且当解决方案广泛应用后，诈骗犯又有了更为聪明的诈骗方式。由此可推断出，作者对这些解决方案感到失望，故D项正确。A：恐慌的；B：困惑的；C：尴尬的。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为：利用这些新技术，诈骗犯们能够根据第三段第二句 The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.可知，自助语音电话令人头疼的原因与数量关系不大，更主要的是精准度。诈骗犯利用新技术能够精确地对受害者实施诈骗，A项符合语境，precisely与 precision为同一词根。
3.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为：这篇文章暗示了什么？文章第二段指出，声音处理和自动化技术即将广泛应用，第三段则指出这些技术可能让电信诈骗更为危险。由此可得知，文章暗示科技是一把双刃剑，带来了便利也带来了麻烦，故B项正确。
4.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为：文章的最佳标题会是以下哪一项？通读文章可得知，第一段指出电信诈骗的危险性越来越大，第二段指出上述问题出现的原因，第三段对此进行了解释，第四段提出了解决方法，最后一段则回归主题，指出问题会愈发严重。故C项符合文章主旨，意为“自助语音电话为何会愈发危险”。
二、语篇解读 本文体裁为说明文。主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内容为社会交往。文章针对如何与在线课程教授沟通为学生提出了一些建议。本文侧重培养学生的学习能力。
(1)E 过渡句。设空处前提出与在线（online）课程教授有着良好的沟通很重要，下文介绍了该做的和不该做的事情，因此答案为E项。
(2)G 主题句。根据Dos和Don'ts中各段首句的特点可知，设空处为主题句并且是祈使句，设空处后一句中的关键词Questions与G项中的 questions对应，因此答案为G项。
(3)A 细节句。由设空处前面的句子 Participate in discussion forums，blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.中的关键信息可知，A项中的That指代 dialogue，they指代 discussion forums，blogs and other open-ended forums，因此答案为A项。
(4) C 细节句。本段建议学生不要和教授聊个人话题，你在说完和教授沟通的内容之后，如果有必要，教授会进一步向你提问，因此答案为C项。
(5) F 细节句。本段建议学生如果对教授的课程有意见，不要公开发表不满，所以空格处的内容应与本段话题一致，F项提到每个人都曾经上过不太好的课，与前后文内容相关联，因此答案为F项。
三、语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的近距离接触。尽管大猩猩表现得很凶猛，但它们并非是好斗的动物。
(1) who 此处表示“我不确定谁更感到害怕”。本题考查宾语从句 “____is more frightened”为宾语从句，该从句缺少主语，故填who。
(2) the句意：出乎意料的是，我正与那只大猩猩面对面，它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。本题考查冠词。at the top of one's lungs意为“声嘶力竭地”。
(3) loudest 句意：它尖叫的声音最大。本题考查副词最高级。根据句意及本句中的“of all”可知设空处填副词最高级，故填 loudest。
(4) looking 句意：我迅速弯下身，低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。动词 avoid后须用动名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻辑上的主动关系，故填动名词 looking。
(5) challenged 本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语he与challenge（挑战）为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词形式challenged。
(6) scientist 句意：我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。本题考查名词。设空处作表语，说明主语的身份；根据提示词science可知填 scientist。
(7) for 句意：我正在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。本题考查动词短语。search for为动词短语，意为“搜寻”。
(8) them 本题考查代词。设空处指代从句中的 the gorillas，以避免重复，故填them。
(9) meant 句意：大猩猩确实有不好斗的本性，那只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。本题考查时态。根据上下文可知，本空用一般过去时，故填 meant。
(10) to stay 句意：一旦它的信息传递了，它就允许我待在那里观察（它们）。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。allow后须加不定式作宾补；又因为宾语me与say为逻辑上的主动关系，故填 to stay。
6