人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit1 Science and Scientists单词精讲课件(共33张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit1 Science and Scientists单词精讲课件(共33张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-12 12:47:27 | ||
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(共33张PPT)
Unit 1
单词精讲
1. severe adj.极为恶劣的;严厉的;苛刻的
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
eg. His injuries are severe.
severe weather conditions
The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders.
She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.
2. contradictory adj.互相矛盾的；互相对立的
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反
eg. His remark was contradictory to the truth.
contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
3. infect v. 传染; 使感染, 使感染(某种感情); 影响
be infected with 感染上……, 传染上……
infection n. 感染; 传染
infectious adj. 传染性的
1. People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others.
2. Lucy’s enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the class.
4. subscribe v.定期订购，定期缴纳(会费) ; 定期捐款赞助
subscribe to 同意, 赞成
e.g. I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares.
You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
She subscribes to an environmental action group.
5. suspect v. 疑有, 怀疑 n.嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象
suspect sth.
suspect sb. of doing sth.
suspect sb. to do sth.
suspect + that从句
1. I have no reason to suspect her honesty.
2. Pilcher is suspected of giving false information.
3. Who will suspect him to have broken the window
4. I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me.
5. He is the prime suspect in the case.
6. blame v.责备; 指责; 把……归咎于n.责任; 责备; 指责
4. The police laid / put the blame for the accident on the driver.
5. The company is ready to bear / take / accept / get the blame for what has happened.
1. Marie still blames herself for Patrick's death.
2. You can't blame all your problems on your family.
3. Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.
7.handle n.把手, 柄 v.处理, 应付(局势、人、工作或感情)
触, 拿, 搬动
控制, 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
turn the handle the handle of a knife
get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白
1. She's very good at handling her patients.
2. The label on the box said: ‘Fragile. Handle with care.’
3. I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
4. It’s difficult to get / have a handle on how widespread this problem is.
8. link n.联系; 关系; 纽带 v. 把……连接起来, 联系; 相关联
1. We first cut the link between the two cities.
2. Is there a link between smoking and the disease
3. This company has strong trade links with Justin’s company.
4. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
5. I have heard his name linked with that of a well-known person.
9. decrease v.(使)变小, (使)减少 n.减少; 减少的量
decrease (from…) to… 减少到……
decrease by … 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decease in … 在……方面减少
a decrease in… ……的减少
on the decrease 在减少
1. Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
2. This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.
thanks to, owing to, due to, because of
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语定语
because of 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语
10. transform v.使改观, 使变形, 使转化
transform … (from…) into … 把……变成……
transform … with … 用……来改变……
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
1. This equipment can transform light into energy.
2. We can transform the world with our knowledge.
11. cast vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
cast light on 使……清楚;使人了解
cast doubt on 质疑;引起对……的怀疑
cast a shadow over 给……投下阴影
演员阵容
cast a shadow on the wall
He cast a look at the woman.
1. Again she cast a look toward the window.
2. The play is being cast in both the US and Britain.
3. The site where Zhang Xianzhong cast lumps（块）of pure silver is being dug.
4. To qualify, candidates must get at least 10% of the votes cast.
投射（视线）
挑选演员
扔
投票
12. shadow n.[C] 影子；阴影；坏影响：
[U]［也可用复数］背光处；阴暗处 ：
shadow play
eg. Her father’s illness cast a shadow over / on the wedding celebrations.
Sometimes she sits alone in the shadow(s).
shade vs shadow
shade指阳光照不到的地方，如树下或墙边的阴凉处，一般没有具体的轮廓。
Let’s sit in the shade of the tree for a while.
shadow指某物遮住阳光或其他光源后形成的影子，可以引申为“不良的兆头或阴影”，也可指黑暗的地方。
My friend jumped out of the shadows and tapped on my shoulders.
1. The children were having fun, chasing each other’s shadows.
2. He didn’t want to cast a shadow on their happiness
3. I thought I saw a figure standing in the shadows. 4. Kate grew up in the shadow of her film star sister.
影子
给……蒙上一层阴影
在阴暗处
在……的阴影下
pour v
Please pour me another cup of tea.
She poured some milk into a glass.
Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks. Black smoke poured from the back of my car.
People poured into the square from all parts of the city.
Letters and postcards poured in every day.
It never rains but it pours.
vt 倒；注；灌：
vi（水等）不断流出；（烟等）被吐出 ：
vi 不断涌向 / 涌现 (flood)：
vi（雨）倾盆而下：
13. break out (战争、打斗等不快的事情)突然开始;爆发
【词汇拓展】
break down出故障;失败;垮掉;分解
break in破门而入;打断(谈话等)
break into强行闯入;突然……起来
break away from脱离;挣脱
break up打碎;分裂;解体
break through突破
They were discussing something important when a man broke in.
Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.
14. defend vt.保卫;防御
【词汇拓展】
(1)defend...from/against保护…免受;防御
defend oneself为自己辩护;自卫
(2)defence n.防御;保卫
in defence of为了保卫;为……辩护
1. God defends me from my friends;from my enemy I can defend myself.
2. Students should be trained to defend themselves against/from some attacks.
defend, guard, protect 辨析
① 三者都含有“保护”之意。
defend 指“保卫”“防御”，指抵御或击退外来的攻击。
When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.
guard 指“守护”“看守”，指保持警惕或注意来防止危险发生。
The dog was guarding its owner’s luggage.
protect 语义范围广，指“保护”，以免遭受危险、伤害等。
We’re doing whatever we can to protect our environment from pollution.
② 在体育运动中，defend 和 guard 均指“防守”。
15. in charge of 主管;掌管
【词汇拓展】
(1)take charge of掌管/负责……
in the charge of受……的管理;由……负责
(2)free of charge=for free 免费
(3)charge sb for sth为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb with (doing) sth控告某人(做)某事
Dr.Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.
Will you please tell me whether you charge for cheques
【温馨提示】in charge of多以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in the charge of 多以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有:in possession of,in the possession of;in control of,in the control of。
16. gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的
1. He is one of the most gifted players in the world.
2. Brown was witty,amusing and gifted with a sharp business brain.
【词汇拓展】
gift n.礼物;天赋
have a gift for有……的天赋
eg. Many of them have a gift for dancing with animals.
e down with患(病);染上(小病)
【词汇拓展】
come across偶然遇到
come about发生
come to恢复常态;共计;达到(某种状况)
come up with提出(主语是人)
come up提出(主语是建议等)
I came across my former English teacher in the street yesterday.
The headmaster wants to know how the accident came about.
18. above all 最重要的是;尤其
【词汇拓展】
after all毕竟;终究
all in all整体说来;总而言之
in all全部;合计
at all (否定句)一点也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟
1. How many students are there in your school in all
2. He is not concerned with the difficulties of the factory at all.
3. He is hardworking,cheerful,and above all honest.
4. Old Mr Smith was beloved by all,and above all by the children.
19. fault n.[U]责任；过失；过错 [C] 缺点；缺陷；故障
find fault (with) 找茬儿；抱怨；挑剔：
faultless adj 无错误的；完美无缺的 (perfect)
faulty adj 有错误的；有缺陷的
不要纠缠于谁对谁错，重要的是要找到解决的办法。
——亨利 福特
1. I’m really sorry — it’s all my own fault.
2. It’s his fault that we were late.
3. Everybody has his faults.
4. The sweater had a fault in it and I had to take it back.
1. He has many faults, but dishonesty isn’t one of them.
2. There is a fault in the electrical system.
3. She believes it was the doctor’s fault that the patient died.
fault, error, mistake 辨析
fault 指对“过失、过错”应负的责任，强调“过”。
It’s my fault that we missed the bus.
mistake 在日常英语中用得最为广泛，指用词或数字上的错误、口误、笔误，也可指决定错误，强调“误”。
I’m not blaming you — we all make mistakes.
I picked up your bag by mistake.
error 与 mistake 意义相近，但较为正式。
There must be an error in our calculations.
The letter was sent to you in error.
20. shift
1. Within four hours of my first shift, I had angry customers who complained how slow I was.
2. The 21st century has been seeing a gradual shift of people from the country to the town.
3. You must press the shift key before entering each letter.
4. Someone has shifted my bicycle and I can’t find it.
5. Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
6. Public attitudes towards the Internet have shifted over the past 50 years.
轮班
转移
转换键
（使）移动
（使）转移
改变
Unit 1
THANK
YOU
Unit 1
单词精讲
1. severe adj.极为恶劣的;严厉的;苛刻的
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地
eg. His injuries are severe.
severe weather conditions
The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders.
She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.
2. contradictory adj.互相矛盾的；互相对立的
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反
eg. His remark was contradictory to the truth.
contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
3. infect v. 传染; 使感染, 使感染(某种感情); 影响
be infected with 感染上……, 传染上……
infection n. 感染; 传染
infectious adj. 传染性的
1. People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others.
2. Lucy’s enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the class.
4. subscribe v.定期订购，定期缴纳(会费) ; 定期捐款赞助
subscribe to 同意, 赞成
e.g. I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares.
You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
She subscribes to an environmental action group.
5. suspect v. 疑有, 怀疑 n.嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象
suspect sth.
suspect sb. of doing sth.
suspect sb. to do sth.
suspect + that从句
1. I have no reason to suspect her honesty.
2. Pilcher is suspected of giving false information.
3. Who will suspect him to have broken the window
4. I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me.
5. He is the prime suspect in the case.
6. blame v.责备; 指责; 把……归咎于n.责任; 责备; 指责
4. The police laid / put the blame for the accident on the driver.
5. The company is ready to bear / take / accept / get the blame for what has happened.
1. Marie still blames herself for Patrick's death.
2. You can't blame all your problems on your family.
3. Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.
7.handle n.把手, 柄 v.处理, 应付(局势、人、工作或感情)
触, 拿, 搬动
控制, 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
turn the handle the handle of a knife
get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白
1. She's very good at handling her patients.
2. The label on the box said: ‘Fragile. Handle with care.’
3. I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
4. It’s difficult to get / have a handle on how widespread this problem is.
8. link n.联系; 关系; 纽带 v. 把……连接起来, 联系; 相关联
1. We first cut the link between the two cities.
2. Is there a link between smoking and the disease
3. This company has strong trade links with Justin’s company.
4. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
5. I have heard his name linked with that of a well-known person.
9. decrease v.(使)变小, (使)减少 n.减少; 减少的量
decrease (from…) to… 减少到……
decrease by … 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decease in … 在……方面减少
a decrease in… ……的减少
on the decrease 在减少
1. Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
2. This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.
thanks to, owing to, due to, because of
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语定语
because of 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语
10. transform v.使改观, 使变形, 使转化
transform … (from…) into … 把……变成……
transform … with … 用……来改变……
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
1. This equipment can transform light into energy.
2. We can transform the world with our knowledge.
11. cast vt.投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
cast light on 使……清楚;使人了解
cast doubt on 质疑;引起对……的怀疑
cast a shadow over 给……投下阴影
演员阵容
cast a shadow on the wall
He cast a look at the woman.
1. Again she cast a look toward the window.
2. The play is being cast in both the US and Britain.
3. The site where Zhang Xianzhong cast lumps（块）of pure silver is being dug.
4. To qualify, candidates must get at least 10% of the votes cast.
投射（视线）
挑选演员
扔
投票
12. shadow n.[C] 影子；阴影；坏影响：
[U]［也可用复数］背光处；阴暗处 ：
shadow play
eg. Her father’s illness cast a shadow over / on the wedding celebrations.
Sometimes she sits alone in the shadow(s).
shade vs shadow
shade指阳光照不到的地方，如树下或墙边的阴凉处，一般没有具体的轮廓。
Let’s sit in the shade of the tree for a while.
shadow指某物遮住阳光或其他光源后形成的影子，可以引申为“不良的兆头或阴影”，也可指黑暗的地方。
My friend jumped out of the shadows and tapped on my shoulders.
1. The children were having fun, chasing each other’s shadows.
2. He didn’t want to cast a shadow on their happiness
3. I thought I saw a figure standing in the shadows. 4. Kate grew up in the shadow of her film star sister.
影子
给……蒙上一层阴影
在阴暗处
在……的阴影下
pour v
Please pour me another cup of tea.
She poured some milk into a glass.
Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks. Black smoke poured from the back of my car.
People poured into the square from all parts of the city.
Letters and postcards poured in every day.
It never rains but it pours.
vt 倒；注；灌：
vi（水等）不断流出；（烟等）被吐出 ：
vi 不断涌向 / 涌现 (flood)：
vi（雨）倾盆而下：
13. break out (战争、打斗等不快的事情)突然开始;爆发
【词汇拓展】
break down出故障;失败;垮掉;分解
break in破门而入;打断(谈话等)
break into强行闯入;突然……起来
break away from脱离;挣脱
break up打碎;分裂;解体
break through突破
They were discussing something important when a man broke in.
Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.
14. defend vt.保卫;防御
【词汇拓展】
(1)defend...from/against保护…免受;防御
defend oneself为自己辩护;自卫
(2)defence n.防御;保卫
in defence of为了保卫;为……辩护
1. God defends me from my friends;from my enemy I can defend myself.
2. Students should be trained to defend themselves against/from some attacks.
defend, guard, protect 辨析
① 三者都含有“保护”之意。
defend 指“保卫”“防御”，指抵御或击退外来的攻击。
When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.
guard 指“守护”“看守”，指保持警惕或注意来防止危险发生。
The dog was guarding its owner’s luggage.
protect 语义范围广，指“保护”，以免遭受危险、伤害等。
We’re doing whatever we can to protect our environment from pollution.
② 在体育运动中，defend 和 guard 均指“防守”。
15. in charge of 主管;掌管
【词汇拓展】
(1)take charge of掌管/负责……
in the charge of受……的管理;由……负责
(2)free of charge=for free 免费
(3)charge sb for sth为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb with (doing) sth控告某人(做)某事
Dr.Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.
Will you please tell me whether you charge for cheques
【温馨提示】in charge of多以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in the charge of 多以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有:in possession of,in the possession of;in control of,in the control of。
16. gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的
1. He is one of the most gifted players in the world.
2. Brown was witty,amusing and gifted with a sharp business brain.
【词汇拓展】
gift n.礼物;天赋
have a gift for有……的天赋
eg. Many of them have a gift for dancing with animals.
e down with患(病);染上(小病)
【词汇拓展】
come across偶然遇到
come about发生
come to恢复常态;共计;达到(某种状况)
come up with提出(主语是人)
come up提出(主语是建议等)
I came across my former English teacher in the street yesterday.
The headmaster wants to know how the accident came about.
18. above all 最重要的是;尤其
【词汇拓展】
after all毕竟;终究
all in all整体说来;总而言之
in all全部;合计
at all (否定句)一点也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟
1. How many students are there in your school in all
2. He is not concerned with the difficulties of the factory at all.
3. He is hardworking,cheerful,and above all honest.
4. Old Mr Smith was beloved by all,and above all by the children.
19. fault n.[U]责任；过失；过错 [C] 缺点；缺陷；故障
find fault (with) 找茬儿；抱怨；挑剔：
faultless adj 无错误的；完美无缺的 (perfect)
faulty adj 有错误的；有缺陷的
不要纠缠于谁对谁错，重要的是要找到解决的办法。
——亨利 福特
1. I’m really sorry — it’s all my own fault.
2. It’s his fault that we were late.
3. Everybody has his faults.
4. The sweater had a fault in it and I had to take it back.
1. He has many faults, but dishonesty isn’t one of them.
2. There is a fault in the electrical system.
3. She believes it was the doctor’s fault that the patient died.
fault, error, mistake 辨析
fault 指对“过失、过错”应负的责任，强调“过”。
It’s my fault that we missed the bus.
mistake 在日常英语中用得最为广泛，指用词或数字上的错误、口误、笔误，也可指决定错误，强调“误”。
I’m not blaming you — we all make mistakes.
I picked up your bag by mistake.
error 与 mistake 意义相近，但较为正式。
There must be an error in our calculations.
The letter was sent to you in error.
20. shift
1. Within four hours of my first shift, I had angry customers who complained how slow I was.
2. The 21st century has been seeing a gradual shift of people from the country to the town.
3. You must press the shift key before entering each letter.
4. Someone has shifted my bicycle and I can’t find it.
5. Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
6. Public attitudes towards the Internet have shifted over the past 50 years.
轮班
转移
转换键
（使）移动
（使）转移
改变
Unit 1
THANK
YOU