Unit2 Discovering Useful Structures and Listening and Talking
语法-精讲破
名词性从句
当一个从句的性质相当于一个名词,并在主从复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语时,这个从句被称为名词性从句。
一、四种名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二、掌握引导词用法
1.观察下面的主从复合句,在括号中写出其中的名词性从句具体属于哪种从句及其引导词及词义。若没有词义,则写“无意义”。
(1)That the boy was beginning to break away from drug addiction made his mother feel somewhat relieved.( ① )
(2)I know(that)you are right.( ② )
(3)What the boy had done moved us to tears.( ③ )
(4)She isn't what she used to be.( ④ )
(5)I don’t know what is happening.( ⑤ )
(6)Don’t believe whatever he says.( ⑥ )
(7)I don't know whom/who he is waiting for.( ⑦ )
(8)Who will be sent to work there hasn’t been decided yet.( ⑧ )
(9)Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.( ⑨ )
(10)It is hard to say whose fault it is.( ⑩ )
(11)There are so many that the boy can't decide which one he should choose. ( )
(12)Whichever team gains the most points wins.( )
(13)I have no idea how he solved the problem.( )
(14)You can’t imagine how difficult it was to find the solution.( )
(15)You can't imagine what great difficulty they had finding the solution.( )
2.名词性从句的引导词归类
根据引导词的词义特征,名词性从句的引导词可归纳为六类:
(1)从句若表示 意义,用that引导,that 实际意义。that引导宾语从句时常可省略,引导主语、表语同位语等从句一般不省略。that引导主语从句时,也可用it作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,放在后面。
(2)从句若表示 疑问,即“是否”之意,用 whether或if引导。
(3)从句若表示 疑问,用连接代词或连接副词引导,常用的连接词包括“8w+1h”: 、 、 、which、what、when、where、why、how、whom是宾格,常可用who代替。
(4)从句若表示 ,引导词意为“多么”,则用what或how引导。
(5)what除了表示疑问,意为“什么”之外,还有 之意。
(6) (不论谁,任何……的人)、 (不论什么,任何事物)、 (不论哪一个)、wherever(无论什么地方)、whenever(无论什么时候),也可引导名词性从句。
(7)as if/as though引导名词性从句,意为“好像,仿佛。
(8)because引导名词性从句,意为“因为”。
三、洞悉名词性从句易混易错知识点
l. that引导宾语从句常可省略,但第二个宾语从句前的at不可省略。
2.引导表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句或置于句首的主语从句,表示“是否”时,一般不用if,而用whether。
3.when引导名词性从句时,表示疑问“什么时候”,如果从句时态是一般将来时,要保留将来时态标志词will等而when意为“当……时候”时则引导时间状语从句,若主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
4.有些名词如news、fact、promise、idea、suggestion、plan等后既可接同位语从句,也可接定语从句。区别在于同位语从句表示该名词的具体内容,从句中不缺任何词义和成分时用that引导,that一般不省略;定语从句则表示对先行词的修饰,that在从句中充当一定成分,当先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时还可换成 which,作宾语时可以省略。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.(2019江苏,阅读理解C,★☆☆)The question,however,is______ this is what the developing countries need the most.
2.(2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B,★☆☆)However,if others benefit in the process and I get some reward too,does it really matter _______ my motivation lies?
3.(2019浙江,概要写作,★★★)Kids will feel like they’re not good enough ______ you don’t care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
4.(2019上海,听力改编,★☆☆)Read the our possible answers on your paper,and decide _______ one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
5.(2018课标全国I,阅读理解B,★☆☆)Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we re not aware cheaply we can make this food ourselves.
6.(2018北京,阅读理解D,★★☆)Ir's hard t when driverless cars ______(be)everywhere on our roads.
7.(2017课标全国Ⅱ,短文改错,★★☆)When summer ________(come),they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables !
8.(2016天津,阅读理解B,★★☆)“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says, “but I can always choose _____ I deal with it.”
9.(★★☆)Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in _______ you pack on the pounds or keep them off.
单项选择
10.(2019上海春,书面表达,★★★)______more important is that sharing my clothes will take full use of them.
A. It’s B. What’s C. That’s D. There’s
11.(2018天津,9,★★★)The gold medal will be awarded to______ wins the first place in the bicyclerace.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
12.(2017课标全国Ⅱ,七选五,★☆☆)________ important that you let them know when you'll be available.
A. It’s B. What C. That’s D. There's
13.(★★☆)Let's begin with the question of people volunteer. Researchers have identified factors that motivate people to get involved.
A. what B. why C. how D. where
14.(★★☆)A ship in harbor is safe,but that's not_______ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
单句改错
15.(2018江苏,书面表达,★☆☆)There is no doubt whether it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption
16.(2018天津,阅读理解B,★☆☆)Before you came over,I never realized that a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before.
答案:
①主语从句;That;无意义 ②宾语从句;that;无意义 ③主语从句;What;…的事情 ④表语从句;what的样子 ⑤宾语从句;what;…的事情 ⑥宾语从whatever;无论什么,不管什么 ⑦宾语从句whom/who;谁 ⑧主语从句;who;谁 ⑨主语从句whoever;无论谁 ⑩宾语从句;whose;谁的 宾语从句;which;哪一个 主语从句;whichever;不论哪个 同位语从句;how;怎样,如何 宾语从句how;多么 宾语从句;what;多么 陈述 无 一般 特殊 who whom whose 感叹 ……的样子/事物 whoever whatever whichever
1. whether句意:然而,问题是这是否是发展中国家最需要的。由句意可知设空处表示“是否”,表语从句一般用 whether而不用if引导。
2. where lie是不及物动词,设空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,故应该使用 where。句意:然而,如果别的人在这个过程中获益,我也得到一些回报的话,那么我的动机在哪儿真的重要吗?
3.that空前的or为并列连词,分析句子结构可判断or后为 feel like后的第二个宾语从句,引导第二个宾语从句的that一般不省略。句意:孩子会感觉他们不够好,或你不在乎,因此(他们)可能看不到努力取得成就有什么意义。
4. which句中有 four possible answers表示范围,空后有one,故可判断用 which,表示“哪一个”。
5. how句意:每个人都能买外卖食物,但是我们有时不知道我们自己做这种食物有多便宜。由句意可知应用how引导宾语从句。
6. will be句意:很难预知何时无人驾驶汽车会在路上到处可见。when意为“何时,什么时候”,引导宾语从句,由 predict及句意可知用一般将来时。
7.comes句意:当夏天到来的时候,他们会邀请他们的学生采摘新鲜蔬菜!when意为“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
8. how句意:“我妈妈告诉我说我无法控制在我的身上发生的事情,”纳塔莉说,“但是我总是可以选择应对它的方式。”how在此处意为“怎样”,表示方式。
9. whether句意:专家说你家的设计对你增加体重还是减轻体重有影响。根据句意可知设空处表示“是否”,空前有介词n,常用 whether而不用if来引导介词后的宾语从句。
10.B句意:更重要的是,分享我的衣服会使它们得到充分利用。What意为“……的事情”,在此处引导主语从句。
11.C空前介词to缺宾语,空后谓语动词wins缺主语,因此设空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语,故用 whoever,意为“任何的人”,相当于anyone who。
12.此处包含“It is+ adj. +that…”句式。It作形式主语,that引导主语从句。句意:你要让他们知道你什么时候有空,这很重要。
13.B句意:咱们从为什么人们做志愿活动这个问题开始。研究人员已经发现几个激励人们参与其中的因素。由后句 motivate people to get involved可知前面的句子探讨人们参与志愿者活动的动机、目的,所以用why。
14.A句意:港湾里的船是安全的,但那并非造船的目的。考查表语从句。连接代词what引导表语从句并作介词for的宾语。
15. whether改为 that there is no doubt表示“毫无疑问”,whether在从句中表示“是否”,二者互相矛盾,显然放在这里不对,应将 whether改为that,that在此处引导同位语从句,在从句中不作成分,无词义。
16.that改为what此处指“我”从来没有意识到“我”住在一个多么漂亮的地方,表示感叹,且引导词后跟名词短语,所以应将that改为what。
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